Third, the initiative of mass entrepreneurship and innovation is a response to the trend of integrated development among large, medium and small companies. Not just small companies make innovations to accommodate special needs, many big companies have also been engaged in customized production, which requires adjustments in their organizational structures. I visited a local equipment manufacturer in Dalian, which has opened a lot of maker spaces on its production lines. The maker teams are able to remodel products according to customer needs. Although this company produces large equipment, 85 percent of its products are made to order. Not just this company, many large companies are doing the same.

当然，在推动大众创业、万众创新过程当中，我们要克服一些困难。

Naturally, we also need to overcome some difficulties in the process of promoting mass entrepreneurship and innovation.

首先，从政府角度，要砍掉既得的利益，降低市场准入的门槛，同时要用更多精力来进行事中事后监管，使这个市场的竞争是公平的，是不允许假冒伪劣、坑蒙拐骗、侵犯知识产权发生的。这对政府转变职能是一个重大考验。

First, the government needs to shed its vested interests, lower the threshold for market access, and spend more energy on compliance oversight. The playing field ought to be level, and we can never allow sales of shoddy or counterfeited products, fraud and violations of intellectual property rights.

第二，对金融发展也是新的挑战。中小企业贷款可能在全世界都是一个难题，银行家们总愿意把资金贷给那些大企业，在中国也有这种情况。所以现在我们正在推动发展普惠金融，在政策方面给予一定的支持，让银行贷款尽可能向中小企业倾斜。

Second, the financial sector has come under strain. It may be a global challenge for SMEs to get loans as all banks seem to favor big companies. China is no exception. This is why we are encouraging financial inclusion in China by providing incentives to financial institutions to lend to SMEs.

第三，在知识产权保护方面，中小企业在不断创新，而且又同大中企业融合发展。如何保护知识产权、通过保护知识产权来激励发明者、创造者，是需要探索的问题。现在中国中小企业发明专利的申请量占到70%，这里面的确也会有一些纠纷。在大企业推动创新方面，如何拓展容纳创客的空间，让生产线上有诸多的小企业，这些小企业怎么和大企业进行分配，促进共同发展，也是需要探索的课题。

Third, as SMEs make innovation and pursue integrated development with large and medium-sized companies, how to incentivize inventors and innovators to make further innovations by protecting intellectual property rights has become a challenge. Now applications for patents and inventions from SMEs account for 70 percent of the total. But this does involve some disputes. For those big companies that have makers and small businesses at maker spaces on their production lines, the challenge is how to share the profits between them and their smaller partners to promote common development.

我刚才举例的大连那家企业的企业家很有远见，当生产线上的创客空间对企业产品进行个性化改造后，所创造的价值是企业家和创客空间三七分成。我就问谁是三、谁是七？企业家回答说，创客们是七，我是三。我说你很有勇气啊，把大头让给了创客。他回答说，如果没有他们，我不要说“三”，连“一”都拿不到。这就说明，知识产权既要保护，又要能够有激励的机制，需要我们在探索中前行。创客们虽然用的是这家企业的设备进行创造，但企业家认识到这些创客们的点子更有价值。要让所有人都有这样的认识并不是一件容易的事情。