其实仔细读完之后我们就会发现，政府工作报告比一般的文本翻译要简单很多，因为它有不少套路，而且这些套路容易掌握。
我们高斋CATTI冲刺班课程里面就有练习政府工作报告和演讲致辞，讲解很细致，包括断句思维、用词细节、句型选择、语法知识等等。最近有不少学员让我在公众号“高斋CATTI”上分享下21年政府工作报告的学习方法。
今天就给大家分享下政府报告的文本特点，帮助大家高效学习21年政府工作报告。
一. 小标题的翻译：结构统一，主被动基本保持一致。
（一）政府工作报告回顾20年部分的小标题翻译
在时态上都是过去时。在语态上可以是被动sth were done，也可以是主动形式sth did或者we did，这样主被动交替使用。
因为整篇若全部使用主动或全部使用被动，就会显得句式单一。但是前后结构需要统一，要不都是被动，要不都是主动。在前两年的报告中，前一年工作回顾部分的小标题都是主被动交替使用的。
具体大家看这两篇文章：
但是我看今年的报告中，前一年工作回顾不好用被动，所以都用的是we did主动句式。
下面三个连续的小标题，都是使用主动，过去式we did。
① 一是围绕市场主体的急需制定和实施宏观政策，稳住了经济基本盘。
We formulated and implemented macro policies to meet the urgent needs of market entities and kept the fundamentals of the economy stable.
② 二是优先稳就业保民生，人民生活得到切实保障。
We gave top priority to stabilizing employment and ensuring living standards and effectively safeguarded people’s wellbeing.
③ 三是坚决打好三大攻坚战，主要目标任务如期完成。
We made decisive progress in the three critical battles against poverty, pollution and potential risk, achieving major targets and tasks as planned.
（二）政府工作报告21年工作部署（十四五时期主要目标任务）小标题翻译。
今年的报告中未来的工作规划部分的小标题有两种格式。
1. 动名词形式作主语，例如下面这三个连续的小标题，都是doing作主语。
① 着力提升发展质量效益，保持经济持续健康发展。
Improving the quality and effectiveness of development and maintaining sustained and healthy economic growth.
② 坚持创新驱动发展，加快发展现代产业体系。
Pursuing innovation-driven development and accelerating modernization of the industrial system.
③ 形成强大国内市场，构建新发展格局。
Creating a robust domestic market and fostering a new development pattern.
2. 使用将来时will，need to，should，常用主动形式we will，China will等等。will有一个用法就是显得正式，更能体现出政府的责任和目标。例如下面这三个连续的小标题，都是有we will do sth：
① 积极的财政政策要提质增效、更可持续。
We will enhance the quality, efficiency, and sustainability of our proactive fiscal policy.
② 优化和落实减税政策。
We will continue to implement and improve tax reduction policies.
③ 稳健的货币政策要灵活精准、合理适度。
We will keep our prudent monetary policy flexible and targeted and at a reasonable and appropriate level.
二． 正文内容的翻译：主被动交替使用。
下面这段话取自2021年政府工作报告“2021年重点工作”部分。
推动进出口稳定发展。加强对中小外贸企业信贷支持，扩大出口信用保险覆盖面、优化承保和理赔条件，深化贸易外汇收支便利化试点。稳定加工贸易，发展跨境电商等新业态新模式，支持企业开拓多元化市场。创新发展服务贸易。优化调整进口税收政策，增加优质产品和服务进口。办好进博会、广交会、服贸会等重大展会。推动国际物流畅通，清理规范口岸收费，不断提升通关便利化水平。
We will promote steady growth of imports and exports. We will increase credit support to small and medium foreign trade firms, expand the coverage of export credit insurance and streamline the conditions for insurance acceptance and claims settlement. Trials to facilitate foreign exchange settlement for trade firms will be advanced. We will keep the processing trade stable, develop new forms and models of trade such as cross-border e-commerce, and support enterprises in diversifying their markets overseas. New approaches will be explored to develop trade in services. We will improve and adjust import tariff policies and increase imports of quality products and services. Good preparations will be made for holding major trade events such as the China International Import Expo, the China Import and Export Fair, and the China International Fair for Trade in Services. We will work to ensure smooth international logistics services, overhaul and standardize port charges, and further simplify customs clearance.
第一句“推动进出口稳定发展”是总结性小标题，表达展望，用将来时We will promote ……，will有一个用法就是显得正式，更能体现出政府的责任和目标。
正文部分则是主被动交替使用，即We will increase……；……will be advanced；We will keep……；……will be explored；We will improve……；……will be made……；We will work to ensure……
三． 政府工作报告喜欢用work to，continue to，表示强调，这是政府报告的表达习惯，例如：
① 提升对外投资合作质量效益
We will work to improve the performance of China’s outbound investment and international cooperation in this area.
② 积极发展全球伙伴关系，推动构建新型国际关系和人类命运共同体。
We will actively work to develop global partnerships and promote the building of a new type of international relations and a human community with a shared future.
③ 四是坚定不移推进改革开放，发展活力和内生动力进一步增强。
We continued to advance reform and opening up and further boosted the vitality and momentum of development.
④ 就业优先政策要继续强化、聚力增效。
We will continue to improve the employment-first policy to enhance its performance.
四．积累近几年政府工作报告常用说法，多次重复的内容，加深记忆和理解。举几个例子来说明。
1. 城镇新增就业
① 全年城镇新增就业1314万人。（17年）
A total of 13.14 million new urban jobs were added over the course of the year.
② 城镇新增就业6600万人以上，13亿多人口的大国实现了比较充分就业。（18年）
More than 66 million new urban jobs have been added, and our country, with its population of over 1.3 billion, has achieved relatively full employment.
③ 城镇新增就业1361万人、调查失业率稳定在5%左右的较低水平。（19年）
A further 13.61 million new urban jobs were added, and the surveyed unemployment rate remained stable at a comparatively low level of around 5 percent.
④ 城镇新增就业1352万人，调查失业率在5.3%以下。（20年）
Around 13.52 million new urban jobs were added, and the surveyed unemployment rate was below 5.3 percent.
⑤ 城镇新增就业1186万人，年末全国城镇调查失业率降到5.2％。（21年）
A total of 11.86 million urban jobs were added, and the year-end surveyed urban unemployment rate dropped to 5.2 percent.
从上面的例子可以看出“城镇新增就业”可以表达为：
A total of +数字+new urban jobs were added（17年，21年）；
More than+数字+ new urban jobs have been added（18年）；
A further+数字+new urban jobs were added（19年）；
Around +数字+ new urban jobs have been added（20年）。
“新增城镇就业”，new urban jobs表述未变；“增加”，add这个动词也没变。区别在于它们对数字的描述。
a total of表示总计，further这个词强调了“又、再”之意，表明此前城镇就业已经有所增加，在那基础上又有所增加的意思。数字比较大的时候，前面可以加More than/around等这些词，有时候也可以不加。
2. 改善民生
① 人民生活继续改善。（17年）
Living standards were improved.
② 五年来，人民生活持续改善。（18年）
Over the past five years, living standards have been constantly improving.
③ 民生进一步改善。(19年）
Living standards continued to improve.
④ 人民生活持续改善。（20年）
Living standards continued to improve.
⑤ 人民生活水平显著提高。（21年）
The living standards of our people rose significantly.
从上面四个句子可以看出，“民生/人民生活”翻译为Living standards；The living standards of our people。注意是standards；
“改善民生”一般搭配动词improve，rise也可以，但是improve使用频率更高。17年是被动Living standards were improved，其他的都是主动，其实“民生”多用主动，直接说Living standards continued to improve.
“持续/进一步”翻译为continued to/constantly，其实也可以说further。
到了21年，是“人民生活水平显著提高”，说明提高的幅度比较大，“显著”是significantly，也可以是greatly/notably/remarkably。
3. 改革开放
① 改革开放深入推进。（17年）
Continued advances were made in reform and opening up.
② 五年来，改革开放迈出重大步伐。（18年）
Over the past five years, significant headway has been made in reform and opening-up.
③ 改革开放取得新突破。（19年）
New breakthroughs were made in reform and opening up.
④ 改革开放迈出重要步伐。（20年）
Major headway was made in reform and opening up.
⑤ 四是坚定不移推进改革开放，发展活力和内生动力进一步增强。（21年）
We continued to advance reform and opening up and further boosted the vitality and momentum of development.
可以看出，“改革开放”是reform and opening up，其实也可以是reform and opening-up（有连字符），注意“改革开放”是抽象名词，不加the，加the的话需要加policy。
“深入推进/迈出重要步伐/取得新突破”被动形式continued advances were made；significant headway has been made，new breakthroughs were made，major headway was made这几个可以互换。
主动形式可以说We continued to advance reform and opening up。
以上只是个框架性的总结。大家在翻译学习中要学会注重细节，认真思考为什么这样选词、选句型，熟悉政府工作报告的用语特点。
弄懂之后就反复翻看，慢慢就记住一些常见表达和句型了，翻译水平也会随之提高。这样政府报告翻译也就难不倒我们啦。
|
如何高效学习2021年政府工作报告？CATTI必备
文章来源：高斋CATTI
发布时间：2021-04-10 11:52
作者：雒老师Joy
点击：次
|
