今天公众号“高斋CATTI”带大家一起来学习2021年政府工作报告中的动词省译,快拿起小本本来学习吧。
给译文瘦身或减肥是很常见的一种翻译思维,避免译文臃肿,不地道。李长栓老师在《非文学翻译理论与实践》中讲过的这个句子我记得比较深刻:
其实,在政府工作报告我们经常见类似的动词省译,动词省译主要分为含义重复动词的省译、双动词因搭配省译、相同结构合并同类项动词的省译等几大类,今天我给大家总结分享下。
一、含义重复动词的省译
政府报告中有些句子中有两个意义重复的动词,翻译的时候只需要翻译一次就可以。
1. 改造提升传统产业,发展壮大战略性新兴产业,促进服务业繁荣发展。
We will transform and upgrade traditional industries,strengthen strategic emerging industries, and promote the vigorous development of the service sector.
解析:原文中的动词“发展”和“壮大”含义是重复的,翻译一次就可以。所以直接是strengthen,也可以是boost,不适合用develop,力度不够。
2. 发展壮大城市群和都市圈,实施城市更新行动,完善住房市场体系和住房保障体系
We will expand city clusters and metropolitan areas, implement an action plan for urban renewal, and improve the housing market and housing support system.
解析:原文中的动词“发展”和“壮大”含义是重复的,翻译一次就可以,但是不能和第一个例子一样翻译为strengthen,这句意思是说要扩大城市群和都市圈。所以是expand。
3. 各类市场主体都是国家现代化的建设者,要一视同仁、平等对待。
All market entities, regardless of their type, are participants in China’s modernization endeavors, and each and every one of them must be treated as equals.
解析:原文中“一视同仁、平等对待”意思是重复的,翻译一次就可以,所以是each and every one of them must be treated as equals,be treated as equals也可以是be treated equally。
4. 注重解民忧、纾民困,及时回应群众关切,持续改善人民生活。
We will, with a focus on resolving the difficulties of our people, respond promptly to public concerns and continue to improve people’s lives.
解析:原文中“解民忧、纾民困”意思是重复的,翻译一次就可以,所以是resolving the difficulties of our people。
5. 把实施扩大内需战略同深化供给侧结构性改革有机结合起来,以创新驱动、高质量供给引领和创造新需求。
We will pursue the strategy of expanding domestic demand and intensify supply-side structural reform, and generate new demand with innovation-driven development and high-quality supply.
解析:原文中“引领和创造”意思是重复的,翻译一次就可以,所以是generate new demand,generate也可以是create。
二、省译次要动词
建立健全巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果长效机制,提升脱贫地区整体发展水平。
We will set up a robust long-term mechanism for consolidating and expanding the achievements of the battle against poverty, and raise the overall performance of development in areas that have cast off poverty.
解析:原文中的动词“建立”和”健全”一个是要建立,一个在说完善,但是这里的“长效机制”还没建立,所以这句的重点应该是建立,所以翻译出“建立”就可以,所以直接是set up,也可以是establish/put in place/build/develop。
还比如17年政府工作报告中这个:
要坚持农业农村优先发展,按照产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡风文明、治理有效、生活富裕的总要求,建立健全城乡融合发展体制机制和政策体系,加快推进农业农村现代化。
To build rural areas with thriving businesses, pleasant living environments, social etiquette and civility, effective governance, and prosperity, we need to put in place sound systems, mechanisms, and policies for promoting integrated urban-rural development, and speed up the modernization of agriculture and rural areas.
如果强调完善,就翻译improve,如报告中这句:
我们还将建立健全外商投资企业投诉工作机制,畅通政府与外商沟通协调渠道,使之成为维护外资企业合法权益的有效平台。
We will also improve the working mechanisms for handling complaints filed by foreign-invested enterprises to smooth the channels of communication between the government and foreign investors and build them into an effective platform for the protection of the lawful rights and interests of foreign-invested enterprises.
如果是总结成果,也就是已经建立了,那就“建立”和“健全”可以都翻译出来,如白皮书中这句:
建立健全城乡医疗救助制度。
An urban-rural medical assistance system has been established and improved.
三、“促进/推动+核心动词”中省译“促进/推动”,只翻译核心动词
政府报告中有些句子中有两个动词,如果都翻译出来的话不好搭配,也不符合英语表达习惯,这种一般翻译核心动词。
引导各方面把工作重点放在提高发展质量和效益上,促进增长潜力充分发挥。
We should encourage people working in all sectors to give high priority to improving the quality and effectiveness of development to fully tap China’s growth potential.
解析:这部分重点是说“充分发挥增长潜力”,可以省译“促进”,翻译出核心动词“发挥……”,直接是to fully tap China’s growth potential。
当然有时候promote本身就可以表示推动建设,如:
四、考虑搭配问题,省译动词
建设更高水平开放型经济新体制,推动共建“一带一路”高质量发展,构建面向全球的高标准自由贸易区网络。
We will develop new systems for a higher-standard open economy,promote the high-quality development of the BRI, and build a globally oriented network of high-standard free trade zones.
解析:原文中的“推动共建”是一个双动词,不好都翻译出来,promote用法是promote sth,所以“共建”可以省译,直接是promote the high-quality development of the BRI。
五、相同结构合并同类项,省译动词
政府报告中有些句子中有相同的结构,此时可以合并同类项,省译重复的动词。
稳步提高消费能力,改善消费环境,让居民能消费、愿消费,以促进民生改善和经济发展。
By taking these steps, we will steadily improve people’s consumption capacity and the environment for consumption and ensure that our people have the ability and willingness to spend, thus improving their lives and driving economic development.
解析:原文中的“提高消费能力,改善消费环境”结构相同,可以合并同类项,“改善”和“提高”用同一个动词improve即可,improve与后面consumption capacity和environment都可以搭配。
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