经济学人精读:女性职场着装,随意还是正式? | 考研英语
原文:Women’s workwear seems to have become less formal over time. A survey by Euromonitor found that sales of women’s suits fell by 77% in America between 2007 and 2016. But many women worry that they will be judged as unprofessional (unlike their male colleagues) if their clothes are deemed to be too scruffy, or too revealing. It can also be hard to choose clothes that are suitable for both indoors and out. Air-conditioning systems in offices are often designed to suit the male metabolic rate, which can cope with colder temperatures than the female body. The result may be that women have to bring an extra layer to wear in the building.
随着时间的推移,女性的职场着装似乎变得不那么正式了。欧睿(Euromonitor)的一项调查发现,2007年到2016年,美国女式套装销量下跌了77%。但许多女性担心,不同于男同事,如果她们的着装看上去太邋遢或太暴露,人们就会认为她们不专业。很难有既适合室内又适合户外温度的衣服。办公室空调系统通常都是根据男性的新陈代谢率设计的——他们比女性更能适应较低的温度。结果可能是女性不得不在室内多穿一层衣服。(时间有限,就大概修改了下官方译文)
随着时间的推移,女性的职场着装似乎变得不那么正式了。
1. women:复数,泛指“女性”。“女性的”就是Women’s。
2. workwear工装,工作服,职场着装。
例如,we are specialized in the uniforms, workwear , and sport suits.
本公司专门制作团体制服、工作服和运动套装。
我们来看一些服装相关词汇:
underwear 内衣; informal/casual/leisure clothes休闲服;chi-pao/cheongsam旗袍。
basics服装基本款,比如之前推送的经济学人精读:优衣库为何如此成功?期中就有这句
Uniqlo, the main brand of the third largest, Fast Retailing, of Japan, sticks to timeless basics.
而位列第三大的日本迅销公司(Fast Retailing)旗下主打品牌优衣库却坚守不会过时的基本款;
100元31篇外刊精读与翻译里面讲过这句:
It’s the 1970s and she’s wearing a white midriff and cutoffs.
那是1970年代,她穿着白色露脐装和毛边牛仔短裤。
3. formal adj. 适合正式场合的;正式的;官方的。如to make a formal apology正式道歉;No formal announcement had been made. 尚无任何官方声明。
formal的反义词是informal,表示“友好随便的;非正式的;休闲的”,例如,an informal atmosphere友好轻松的气氛;an informal arrangement/visit非正式的安排/访问;Most of the time Jenny needs informal clothes. 大部分时间珍妮需要休闲服装。
原文 less formal就是“没那么正式”的意思。
4. over time随着时间推移,久而久之,长此以往。
经济学人上有句话是这么说的:
But even the most disgusting image may become palatable over time.
但久而久之,即使是最恶心的禁烟形象也可能会让人们感到麻木。
再比如,Ground rents are likely to escalate over time. 地租以后可能会逐渐上涨。
Over time还可以表示“目前”。例如19年6月CATTI三笔英译汉真题中的这句话:
Over time, that right has made its way into both national and international law.
目前,这项权利已载入国内法和国际法。
over time在原文中是时间状语,表示“随着时间推移,久而久之”。可以放在句首,句中或者句末,放在句首时经常后面加逗号,即“Over time,…”。但是在翻译成中文时,一般都会放在句首。
欧睿(Euromonitor)的一项调查发现,2007年到2016年,美国女式套装销量下跌了77%。
1. A survey found that:当作固定表达来记,意思是“一项调查发现/结果表明”,这是研究型的文章很常见的句式。
如经济学人上的这句话:
A recent survey found that the job most sought after by Italians between the ages of 26 and 50 was that of public employee.
最近的一项调查发现,26~50岁的意大利人最热衷的工作是公职人员。
A recent survey还经常见A recent study,found可以说showed/suggested,也可以直接说according to,也就是可以说A recent study showed/suggested that;According to recent research。
2. ××的一项调查,用的介词是by。《华尔街日报》上说:
Chinese consumers are ready to shop but remain cautious in their spending, according to a recent survey by the Boston Consulting Group.
波士顿咨询公司(Boston Consulting Group)最近一项调查显示,中国人愿意购物,但花钱依旧谨慎。
3. Euromonitor:欧睿信息咨询公司。该公司成立于1972年,总部位于英国伦敦。在出版市场报告,商业参考资料和网上数据库方面拥有超过40年的经验。它在中国上海设有分部。
4. sales在外刊中经常出现,可以指“销售量”或者“销售额”。
sales可以表示“销售量”。金融时报上在说到2018年12月中国汽车销量下降时是这么说的(公主号“高斋翻硕”这周更这篇的外刊回译):
In December, Chinese car sales were down a fifth from the previous year
2018年12月,中国汽车销量同比下降五分之一。
sales也可以表示“销售额”。金融时报上有句话是这么说的:
A deal would more than double the size of the company and mean that its business would be dominated by Asian sales and profits.
此项交易将使该集团规模扩大一倍以上,意味着亚洲的销售额和利润将在其业务中占据首要地位。
原文中sales指的就是“销量”。
5. suits n. 指“套装:西装:西服”。举个例子,One or two, in blue suits, might have been bank officials. 有一两个穿蓝色西装的人可能是银行职员。“穿蓝色西装的人”可以说“in blue suits”。
穿某种颜色衣服的人,in+颜色。the girl in blue就是“穿蓝色衣服的女孩儿”。
suit是它的动词形式,表示“适合,合适;相配”。比如政府报告里说:中国将坚定不移地走适合自己国情的发展道路 China will unswervingly follow the development path that suits its national condition。下文的“to suit the male metabolic rate”就是这一用法。
6. fell by 77%:下跌了77%。
它的同义词有:decrease/ decline/drop by/down。比如经济学人上的这句话:
With the stock market down 30% in the past year, financial firms, especially brokerages, have cut staff.
过去一年股市下跌了30%,金融企业,尤其是券商纷纷裁员。
反过来,表示“增加多少”可以说increase/grow/rise by/up。例如,金融时报上有这样一个句子:
On balance, the economic growth rate will increase by 0.43 percentage points.
总的来说,经济增长率将提高0.43个百分点。
但许多女性担心,不同于男同事,如果她们的着装看上去太邋遢或太暴露,人们就会认为她们不专业。
1. 下面跟大家先说下这个高频用法,注意judge加as,consider是形容词不加,名词加,deem是都不加。
A. be judged as +adj.,也可以表示“认为……”。注意有as,比如金融时报上所说:
If the EU is judged as a bloc, it would come in fourth place.
如果欧盟是一个整体,它会位列第四。
B. 它的同义词是consider。be considered adj; be considered as n; be considered to be adj/n,表示“视为,认为”。注意加不加as的问题。如《华尔街日报》报道:
Mr. Lipsky said the IMF didn't consider the yen overvalued, at least when looking over a three-to-five year time frame.
利普斯基说,IMF并不认为日元估值过高,至少三到五年之内来看是这样的。
C. deem 美[diːm]:v. 认为:视为:相信。be deemed adj/n;be deemed to be adj/n。注意不加as。比如高斋翻译课程经济学人上的这句话:
Just because a job is deemed at risk from automation, it does not necessarily mean it will be replaced soon, notes Mr Frey.
弗雷指出,一份工作有被自动化取代的风险,并不一定意味着这份工作很快就会被取代。
French and German were deemed essential...
法语和德语被认为是必不可少的。
还比如,I deem it an honour to accept your invitation. 承蒙您的邀请,我觉得很荣幸。
2. 原文 if their clothes are deemed是被动形式,英语多被动,汉语多主动,因此在翻译的时候,要把这句话处理为主动的形式。
汉语中常说的就是“衣服看上去……”而不是“人们认为她们的衣服……”,所以这句处理为“如果她们的着装看上去……”。
同理,they will be judged as unprofessional和if their clothes are deemed一样,同样要根据汉语表达习惯,处理为主动语态,就是“人们认为她们不专业”。
3. scruffy 美[ˈskrʌfi]:adj. 邋遢的;褴褛的;脏兮兮的。例如经济学人上的这句话:
"I only keep this here for guests, " says a scruffy local.
一个不修边幅的当地人说道,“这个是我专门用来招待客人的。”;
再比如He looked a little scruffy. 他看着有点邋遢。
它的同义词是seedy、untidy、shabby。
4. revealing adj. 揭露真相的;发人深省的。如The answers the children gave were extremely revealing. 孩子们所给的答案极其发人深省。
它还可以表示“暴露的;使身体过分裸露的”。例如,a revealing blouse暴露的女式衬衫。
原文中,revealing形容的是女士的着装,含义就是“暴露的”。
5. unlike their male colleagues:不同于男同事。物主代词省译。如果翻译为“和她们的男同事不同”反而不符合汉语表达习惯,物主代词省译之前在2019年CATTI 和MTI翻译课程里面也讲过很多次了。
很难有既适合室内又适合户外温度的衣服。
1. suitable:合适的;适宜的;适当的;适用的。它是suit的形容词。例如,a suitable candidate合适的人选;This programme is not suitable for children. 这个节目儿童不宜。
be suitable for是固定短语,指“适合的,适于”。《华尔街日报》上有句话是这么说的:
The bank also failed to make sure the products were suitable for customers buying them, people familiar with the matter said.
知情人士说,该行也没能确保这些产品适合购买它们的客户。
2. indoors and out根据语境要理解为“室内和户外”。《华尔街日报》报道:
It took sharp, vivid photos and videos, indoors and out.
该款相机在室内和室外拍摄的照片与视频都很清晰、逼真。
3. It can also be hard to choose clothes that are suitable for both indoors and out. 整个句子为了避免头重脚轻,用it做“形式主语”,原来的结构是 to choose clothes that are suitable for both indoors and out can also be hard。
这句话直译就是“很难选择既适合室内又适合户外的衣服”,但是这样读起来不通顺,汉语里面常说的不是“很难选择”,而是“很难有这样的衣服”。
同时根据后文语境,这里说的“既适合室内又适合户外的衣服”是指“温度上适合”,所以要增译“温度”,如果不增译的话,读起来会很突兀,不看后文读者可能会以为“既适合室内又适合户外的衣服”指的是“既正式又休闲的衣服”。
办公室空调系统通常都是根据男性的新陈代谢率设计的——他们比女性更能适应较低的温度。
1. be designed to 设计用来。旨在:用来:目的在于。例如,This is clearly designed to befuddle the public. 这显然是为了蒙蔽舆论。再比如,The server is designed to store huge amounts of data.该服务器是为存储大量数据设计的。
2. metabolic rate 美[ˌmetəˈbɑːlɪk reɪt]:新陈代谢率。例如,Regular exercise can increase your basal metabolic rate. 定期运动能够提高你的基础代谢率。
3. which can cope with colder temperatures than the female body:这里的which指代的是紧接在前面的male metabolic rate,但是和它对比的是female body,但是翻译的时候不能把“新陈代谢率”和“女性的身体”对比,而是“男性”和“女性”相比。
4. cope with:处理,应对。比如高斋CATTI和MTI课程讲经济学人《经济学人》精读与翻译的时候讲过这句How would China cope with a big rise in unemployment? 中国将如何应对失业率大幅上升?
cope with colder temperatures than翻译为“更能适应较低的温度”。
结果可能是女性不得不在室内多穿一层衣服。
1. extra 额外的:分外的:外加的:附加的。例如,Breakfast is provided at no extra charge. 供应早餐,不另收费。Take extra care on the roads this evening. 今晚在路上要格外小心。
2. layer 层:表层:层次:阶层。“画着浓妆/画着厚厚的一层妆” 就可以说“a thick layer of make-up”;还比如,How many layers of clothing are you wearing?你穿了几层衣服?layers of management即“管理层”。
3. in the building根据语境指的是“室内”,而不是“在建筑里”。
4. 根据上面的讲解,bring an extra layer to wear in the building直译就是“在室内带额外一层来穿”,很明显这样不符合汉语表达习惯,作者要表达的意思实际上是“在室内多穿一层衣服”。
今天的分享就到这里,看完了是不是觉得自己又该买衣服了?
临近毕业季,即将步入职场的各位同学是不是为穿什么而发愁?北半球入夏了,也给每个上班族带来了难题:办公室开始开空调了,女同胞嫌冷,男同胞嫌热。经济学人上面就有一篇关于这个话题的文章,今天公众号“高斋外刊双语精读”雒老师Joy和小伙伴给大家分享下期中一段的精读。
第一句:Women’s workwear seems to have become less formal over time.
第二句:A survey by Euromonitor found that sales of women’s suits fell by 77% in America between 2007 and 2016.
第三句:But many women worry that they will be judged as unprofessional (unlike their male colleagues) if their clothes are deemed to be too scruffy, or too revealing.
第四句: It can also be hard to choose clothes that are suitable for both indoors and out.
第五句:Air-conditioning systems in offices are often designed to suit the male metabolic rate, which can cope with colder temperatures than the female body.
第六句:The result may be that women have to bring an extra layer to wear in the building.
经济学人精读:女性职场着装,随意还是正式?
发布时间:2019-06-28 10:57 作者:高斋外刊双语精读 点击:
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