今天“高斋外刊双语精读”给大家分享的经济学人精读，推送经济学人精读、经济学人双语精读、外刊精读和外刊双语精读翻译，外刊英译汉，适合MTI，CATTI、专四专八、四六级、托福雅思、考研英语备考学习，一起来学习精读。
本篇节选自一篇外刊，有部分删减及改动，文章首先阐述员工满意度持续下降的现状，接下来介绍不同年龄阶段不同的满意度，最后揭示影响满意度的主要因素。
这个也是考研英语里面常见的话题，今天给大家分享下如何写这样的文章，其实这个如果有个图表就更加清晰明了了。不过可以给大家推荐一个网站，这个网站上面有专门的图表分析英语写作，很适合考研英语写作学习和对外经贸MTI英语作文写作练习https://www.statista.com
Employee satisfaction at work has decreased significantly
Employee satisfaction at work has decreased significantly in the past twenty years, as the figures indicate—and experts predict employee satisfaction will get worse in the next few years.
数字显示，员工对工作的满意度在过去二十年中显著下降，专家预测员工对工作的满意度将会越来越低。
概括：这段首先介绍了员工满意度的现状。
我们再详细分析下这段里面的语法知识和句型：
1. 这句话中用破折号将句子分成两个部分，作者在前半部分说明其现状，在后半部分写出专家对其的预测。使用破折号一般有两个原因，一个是破折号使句子结构整齐，一目了然，破折号前面是一部分，后面是一部分，而且使用破折号可以避免过多使用逗号。
2. 员工满意度在文章中出现是Employee satisfaction at work，在文章后边的部分中用Employee satisfaction也可以表示。
3.“Employee satisfaction at work has decreased significantly. ”本句可以替换为 “Employees have become increasingly unhappy at work.”
4.此处我们可以积累一个很实用的英语写作句型sth increase/decrease significantly...明显增加/降低，这个句型我们可以用来引出话题和现状。比如在旅游话题里面，我们可以这样说：
The number of people who travel to China has increased significantly over the past several years.
近几年来，来中国旅游的人数也来越多。
再比如使用手机的人越来越多，越来越多的人选择用手机看书，我们就可以这样说：
With the popularity of smart phones, the number of people who choose to read e-books has increased significantly.
随着智能手机的普及，选择阅读电子书的人数显著增加。
其实这整句话都是个很好的英语写作句型，比如我们可以这样套用：
Home-based work has increased significantly in the past twenty years, as the figures indicate—and experts predict there will be more such kind of work in the next few years.
如数字所示，过去20年，在家办公的人数显著增加，专家们预测，今后几年将会有更多的人从事此类工作。
Employee Satisfaction and Age
While overall employee satisfaction has declined to 45 percent, the percentage of employees satisfied with their jobs is lowest in the under 25 age group with only 35.7 percent satisfied. Among employees in the age group 25-34, 47.2 percent are satisfied; and, of those employees age 65 and over, 43.4 percent are satisfied.
员工满意度总体已经下降到45%，其中25岁以下年龄段的员工满意度最低，仅为35.7%；在25-34岁年龄段的员工中，满意度为47.2%；在65岁以上的员工中，满意度为43.4%。
概括：这里作者主要列举了年龄阶段和满意度的关系。
当我们写作中的图表题需要阐述不同数字情况时，可以模仿这种描述方式，这里的句型特别实用，很简洁：先说总体数量或者平均水平，接着说其中最高或者最低的，用while引导的从句表示转折“而......”连接总体的水平和最低/最高水平。接下来用简单句分别说明其它年龄段的情况。
第一句：While overall employee satisfaction has declined to 45 percent, the percentage of employees satisfied with their jobs is lowest in the under 25 age group with only 35.7 percent satisfied.
员工满意度总体已经下降到45%，其中25岁以下年龄段的员工满意度最低，仅为35.7%；
1.结构分析：while引导让步状语从句，主句是“ the percentage of employees is lowest.” satisfied with their jobs是在employees后置定语，句子中in the under 25 age group with only 35.7 percent satisfied分别说明 lowest 所对应的年龄段和具体满意度数值。
2.这里我们需要留意年龄的表示，可以写成“in the ...age group”,(如in the under 25 age group） “in the age group...（如in the age group 25-34）”或者“ age...（如age 65 and over）
例句：Its prime audience lies in the 17 to 24 age group, and they want instant thrills and spills.
它的主要观众的年龄集中在17岁到24岁之间，而这些人喜欢极速的惊险刺激。
第二句： Among employees in the age group 25-34, 47.2 percent are satisfied; and, of those employees age 65 and over, 43.4 percent are satisfied.
在25-34岁年龄段的员工中，满意度为47.2%；在65岁以上的员工中，满意度为43.4%。
1. among 和of 都表示“在...之中”among一般指"在三者(或三者以上)，of.没有限制数量。不过如果数字小，使用of的频率更多，如例2. 此处Among employees 和 of those的使用避免了用词重复。
例句：Among those 18 and over, 510,000 benefit claimants were not unemployed.
18岁及以上人群当中，有51万救济金申领者并非是失业者
还比如今年CATTI三级笔译就考了这句：
中国四大发明中，指南针，火药和造纸术都发明于河南。
Of the four great inventions in ancient China, the compass, gunpowder and paper-making were invented in Henan.
Implications for Employers of Falling Employee Satisfaction
A generation of employees born from 1982-2000 who feel entitled to employee satisfaction has entered the workforce and several generations of employees for whom work never quite fulfilled their dreams, are leaving. The newest federal statistics show that baby boomers will compose a quarter of the U.S. workforce in eight years, and since 1987 we’ve watched them increasingly losing faith in the workplace.
1982-2000年出生的千禧一代认为工作应该给其带来满足感，而事实上工作没有想象的那么美好，而这一代人已经进入了劳动力市场。与此同时，工作多年却从未实现职场理想的几代员工即将离开职场。最新的联邦统计数据显示，婴儿潮一代将在8年后占美国劳动力的四分之一，自1987年以来，他们越来越失去对工作的信心。
主旨： 本段介绍了员工满意度下降的原因：千禧一代进入美国劳动力市场，婴儿潮一代对工作越来越不满。正在进入职场和即将退休的人都对工作失去热情和信息，那工作满意度何来？这样说现在很多公司不太喜欢要太年轻或者年龄太大员工的原因。
第一句：A generation of employees born from 1982-2000 who feel entitled to employee satisfaction has entered the workforce and several generations of employees for whom work never quite fulfilled their dreams, are leaving.
1980-2000年出生的千禧一代认为工作应该给其带来满足感，而事实上工作没有想象的那么美好，而这一代人已经进入了劳动力市场。与此同时，工作多年却从未实现职场理想的几代员工即将离开职场。
1. 第一句话的总体结构是 and 引导两个并列两个长句；A generation of employees born from 1982-2000 who feel entitled to employee satisfaction has entered the workforce，在这个句子中它的句子主干是 employees has entered the workforce，who 引导定语从句修饰employees；“several generations of employees for whom work never quite fulfilled their dreams, are leaving.”这句话的主干是“employees are leaving.”作者使用for whom引导定语从句修饰employees。work never quite fulfilled their dreams是定语从句里面的主干。
2. “有权享有”可以用固定搭配“entitled to”
entitle [ɪnˈtaɪtl] vt.使有资格;给…定名;给与…权利;称做
例句：Some people may be entitled to a housing benefit supplement. 有些人可能有资格拿到住房补贴
3. “are leaving”表示的是“即将离开”，“be+going /leaving/taking off”表示 “即将做某事”，而不是一般现在时态。
例句：We are leaving tomorrow and I haven't even started packing yet.
我们明天就要走了，而我甚至还没开始将行李打包呢。
4. “fulfilled their dreams”即“完成某人的梦想”。work never quite fulfilled their dreams工作多年却从未实现职场理想
5. 国际上有一个专门的代际术语“千禧一代”(1982-2000出生)，英文是Millennials，同义词Y一代，是指出生于20世纪时未成年，在跨入21世纪（即2001年）以后达到成年年龄的一代人。这代人的成长时期几乎同时和互联网/计算机科学的形成与高速发展时期相吻合。（百度百科）
第二句：The newest federal statistics show that baby boomers will compose a quarter of the U.S. workforce in eight years, and since 1987 we’ve watched them increasingly losing faith in the workplace.
最新的联邦统计数据显示，婴儿潮一代将在8年后占美国劳动力的四分之一，自1987年以来，他们越来越失去对工作的信心。
compose[kəmˈpəʊz]vt. 组成，构成;调解;[印刷]排（字）;使安定 vt.& vi. 创作（乐曲、诗歌等）;为…谱曲 vi. 构图，构成
Ten men compose the committee. 委员会由十人组成。
Raise concerns about
The drop in job satisfaction raises concerns about the overall engagement of employees and ultimately employee productivity, creativity, risk-taking, and overall employee motivation and interest in work.
员工满意度的下降引起了人们的担忧，担心会导致员工参与度和创造力下降，他们会失去动机和工作兴趣，越来越缺乏冒险精神，最后导致公司生产力下降。
主旨：这句话主要阐明了员工满意度的下降引起的担忧和带来的影响。
1. “sth raises concerns about ”即为“某事引起人们的担忧。”这样说一个很好的英语写作句型，比如我们说互联网技术的发展引起了人们对于隐私的担忧。我们就可以套用这个写作句型。
The penetration of the Internet into our daily life raises concerns about privacy.
互联网不断渗透生活，引起了人们对于隐私的担忧。
2. “and ultimately ”一词则体现出英语语言的逻辑性，员工满意度的下降会引起different negative influence，最终会导致生产下降。下边这个例句也可以体现出这样的逻辑关系：
The penetration of the Internet into our daily life raises concerns about privacy, and ultimately safety.
互联网不断渗透生活，引起了人们对于隐私的担忧，最终会担忧安全问题。
What Employers Can Do About Employee Satisfaction
In this environment for employee satisfaction, it is vitally important to know which factors most affect employee satisfaction. A study found that employees identified these factors as most important:
job security: benefits,compensation/pay,and feeling safe in the work environment.
the employee's relationship with his or her immediate supervisor
career development opportunities,paid training programs
面对员工满意度的下降，首先需要了解下影响员工满意度的主要因素。一项研究发现，员工认为以下因素最为重要：
工作保障：福利、报酬，以及工作带来的安全感
员工与直属领导的关系
职业发展机会、公司付费提供培训
主旨：这一段主要讲了一影响员工满意度的因素。
1. “In this environment for employee satisfaction”可以理解为 “in such a situation”即为“面对...的情景”。
2. It is vitally important to know which factors most affect employee satisfaction.这句话是用“it is...for...to do”的句型，作者在know的后边用了一个宾语从句。
3. Affect [ə'fekt] v.影响；侵袭；假装；使感染
这个词在做“影响”讲时，区别与influence,impact，侧重于不好的影响，或（感情上）深深打动；使悲伤（或怜悯等）
They were deeply affected by the news of extinction of wildlife. 野生动物灭绝的消息使他们唏嘘不已。
4. 这整段话是很好的英语写作句型，可以用来引出原因，大家一定要记住，平时写作的时候学会套用。如:
In this environment for extinction of wildlife, it is vitally important to know which factors most affect extinction of wildlife. A study found that experts identified these factors as most important: climate change, destroyed habitats and illegal indiscriminate killing.
面对野生动物灭绝，首先需要了解下影响野生动物灭绝的主要因素。一项研究发现，专家认为以下因素最为重要：气候变化、破坏生境和非法滥杀。
To raise employee satisfaction
To raise employee satisfaction, it is necessary for employers to take measures in these aspects.
为了提高员工的满意度，用人单位需要在这些方面采取措施。
概况：结尾根据上一段的分析的原因提出措施和总结。
1. To do 放在句首，是不定式表目的。
2.“To raise employee satisfaction, it is necessary for employers to take measures in these aspects.”这句话我们可以总结为“To do sth, it is necessary/imperative for sb. to do sth”这个句型的意思是“为了达成某个目的，对某人来说做某事是必要的”
当遇到关于环境的话题时候，我们可以说：
To improve living conditions, it is imperative for individuals to raise awareness of environmental protection.为了改善居住环境，个人需要提高环保意识。
To protect the environment, it is necessary to reduce the use of plastic bags.
为了保护环境，需要减少使用塑料袋。
