公众号“高斋外刊双语精读”雒老师Joy和小伙伴给大家分享经济学人18年11月的文章。这篇文章讲了世界第一高峰——珠峰为垃圾所困。本公众号推送的经济学人精读、经济学人双语精读、外刊精读和外刊双语精读翻译,适合MTI,CATTI、专四专八、四六级、托福雅思、考研英语备考学习,一起来学习精读。本公众号如果是官方译文,我们会写译文,如果是原创译文,我们会写参考译文,使用请注明出自“高斋外刊双语精读”雒老师Joy。
经济学人精读:珠峰沦为屎山 取自经济学人18年11月的文章
Mount Everest
A mountain of waste
“Take only memories, leave only footprints” is more than a clichéd hiking motto at the Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal. The large box of rocks sitting next to the metal detector at the local airport is a testament to that: tourists departing from Mount Everest have to dispose of material they have collectedbefore stepping onto the dauntingly short runway. Fulfilling the second half of this mantra, however, is harder. Tens of thousands of tourists leave more than just footprints. They have created a mountain of faeces, which is becoming an environmental problem.
调整后的官方译文:“只带走回忆,只留下脚印。” 在尼泊尔的萨加玛塔国家公园(Sagarmatha National Park),这不再只是一句登山客经常耳闻目睹的陈词滥调。在当地机场,金属探测器旁边一个装满了石头的大箱子就是证明:离开珠峰的游客必须先处理掉他们在山上采集的物品,才能走进那极短的机场跑道。然而,这条标语的后半句实现起来更难。成千上万的游客留下的不仅仅是脚印。他们还留下了满山的粪便,这正在成为一个环境问题。
主旨思想:这一段先通过我们常说的一句话“只带走回忆,只留下脚印。”引出珠峰面临的两大问题,一个是游客很喜欢采集山上的东西,但是这个问题容易解决,尼泊尔这边的珠峰管理会在金属探测器旁边放一个大箱子,游客需要把采集的石头放在大箱子后才能过安检;但是第二个问题就不容易解决了,随着登山客的人数增长,游客留下的不仅仅是脚印。他们还留下了满山的粪便,这正在成为一个环境问题。
句子结构分析: The large box of rocks is a testament是句子的主干,sitting next to the metal detector at the local airport 做The large box of rocks的后置定语。tourists have to dispose before stepping onto the dauntingly short runway是主干,departing from Mount Everest作tourist的后置定语,they have collected作material的定语从句。which is becoming an environmental problem作They have created a mountain of faeces的非限制定语。
1. “Take only memories, leave only footprints” “只带走回忆,只留下脚印。” 看到这个,大家估计很熟悉吧,那就记下来!英语作文里面也可以使用这个表达呼吁大家保护环境!
2. clichéd 陈词滥调,比如在纽约时报里面也有使用这个表达,She observed that most women at the top aren’t the lonely, single women of clichés; 她指出,大多数身居高位的女性并非老一套说法中那类孤独的单身女性;
3. Sagarmatha National Park萨加玛塔国家公园;[地名] [尼泊尔]
4. metal detector英 [ˈmetl dɪˈtektə] 美 [ˈmɛtl dɪˈtɛktɚ] 金属探测器
In keeping with security regulations, everyone must pass through the metal detector.
按照保安规则,每个人都必须通过这个金属探测器。
5. sitting next to the metal detector:如果是人sit,那就是坐,但是如果是sth,那就需要灵活翻译,这里sit是放的意思,或者直接说什么旁边的什么。
6. testament遗嘱; 圣约书; 确实的证明; 誓约, a testament to sth是固定表达,表示证明……
We think of our growth as a testament to the transformational power of social business.
我们认为,公司的发展恰恰证明了社交企业的变革性力量。
纽约时报在提到坎儿井是古伊朗人智慧的结晶的时候就使用了这个表达,Dating back some 3,000-odd years, and added to Unesco’s World Heritage list in 2016, the qanat is a testament to the ingenuity of the ancient Iranians. 坎儿井距今有3000多年的历史,2016年被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录,是古伊朗人智慧的结晶。
7. dauntingly英 [dɔːntɪŋlɪ] adv.令人生畏地;吓人地
8. mantra英 [ˈmæntrə] 美 [ˈmæntrə] n.咒语;颂歌,圣歌
I do not do a good girl, I want to be king, for that mantra free!
我不要再做乖乖女,我要成为王者,为那自由颂歌!
mantra还可以表示口头禅,Driving the industry’s next big thing is a mantra of Silicon Valley.
推动实现该行业的下一件大事是硅谷的口头禅。
9.faeces英 [ˈfi:si:z] 美 [ˈfisiz] n.粪便;排泄物;屎
The faeces contain nitrogen and it is that which fertilises the desert soil.
粪便含氮,而正是氮可以肥化荒芜的土地。
In 2017, 648 people reached Everest’s summit, more than seven times the number two decades ago. Many more make it to base camp. Currently, toilet waste is carried and dumped into pits near the town of Gorakshep, an hour’s walk down the mountain. The amount of waste is increasing fast, says Budhi Bahadur Sarkhi, a porter who has been carrying poo from base camp to these pits for 12 years. When Mr Sarkhi started there were seven porters hired for the job. Now there are 30.
调整后的官方译文:“2017年有648人登顶珠峰,是20年前的七倍多。很多人可以到达大本营。目前,人类排泄物被运送到步行一小时之遥的戈瑞克夏普(Gomkshep)镇附近的垃圾坑道里。背夫巴迪•巴哈德尔•萨克利 (Budhi Bahadur Sarkhi)过去12年一直从大本营往镇上徒步扛送粪便,他说粪便的量正在迅速增加。他刚开始干这个活时共有七名背夫,现在有30名。
主旨思想:这一段在用数据证明游客留下了满山的粪便,处理珠峰上粪便的背夫越来越多,侧面说明这个问题的严重性。
句子结构分析: more than seven times the number two decades ago是对648 people reached Everest’s summit的补充说明,is carried and dumped into pits 是句子的主干,an hour’s walk down the mountain是对Gorakshep的补充说明。who has been carrying poo from base camp to these pits for 12 years做a porter的定语从句。When Mr Sarkhi started为时间状语,hired for the job做porters 的后置定语。
1. more than seven times the number :倍数在外刊里面经常见到,翻译的时候一定要注意,比如今年考研英语翻译里面就遇到了这个,nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago. Never mind the quality, then, count the number. 如今,如果想申请研究职位,发表的论文必须是10年前同一职位所需论文数量的两倍。倍数别翻译错了, twice the number of和twice as many as都是……是……的两倍的意思,不是多两倍的意思。
2. make it to赶上,到达。比如电影台词就使用过这一表达,Unless, you can,make it to the end of the valley.除非~~你们可以走到山谷的尽头。
3. dump英 [dʌmp] 美 [dʌmp]vt.倾倒;倾销;丢下,卸下;摆脱,扔弃vi.突然跌倒或落下;卸货;转嫁(责任等)n.垃圾场;仓库;无秩序地累积,经常使用dump sth in/into sp
A million tonnes of untreated sewage is dumped into the sea
一百万吨未经处理的污水被倾倒进了海里。
英语作文写作拓展:我们在说塑料袋对环境的危害的时候,我们就可以说Dumped in the ocean, plastic bags kill fish.被倾卸在海洋里的话,垃圾袋还会杀死鱼类。
4. pits英 ['pɪts] 美 ['pɪts] n.井( pit的名词复数 );煤矿;麻子;(赛车道旁的)修理加油站
Many common minerals, such as feldspar, develop microscopic pits during weathering.
许多常见矿物(例如长石)会在风化过程中发展出微小坑洞。
5. porter英 [ˈpɔ:tə(r)] 美 [ˈpɔ:rtə(r)] n.门童;搬运工人;(医院里护送病人的)护工;(尤指卧铺车厢的)列车服务员
The hall porter was feeling hard done by at having to extend his shift.
酒店行李搬运工因为被迫延长当班时间而愤愤不平。
6. poo英 [pu:] 便便
To put it bluntly, her father doesn't like me and the thoughts of his daughter getting jiggy with me is like putting a pretty flower on a piece of dog poo.
坦诚地说,她的父亲不喜欢我,认为我跟他的女儿在一起是“一朵鲜花插在牛粪上”。
Dumping sites are filling up quickly, and the run-off is infiltrating the region’s water channels, some of which feed into wells that supply drinking water. When tests were done at nine water sources in the region, seven were contaminated with significant levels of E. coli. The presence of human by-products in the water, like nicotine and sunscreen, suggests that the contamination came from human faeces, rather than that of the many local yaks.
调整后的官方译文:“坑道正被迅速填满,垃圾径流正向该地区的水道渗透,其中一些水道通往饮用水水井。对该地区九个水源的检测发现,其中七个受到大肠杆菌严重污染。水中存在尼古丁和防晒霜等人类代谢副产物,这表明污染来自人类粪便,而不是当地众多牦牛的粪便。
主旨思想:这段说明这些垃圾都已经影响到饮用水了,足以说明此问题的严重性,也意味着我们需要重视这个问题,解决此问题。
句子结构分析:Dumping sites are filling up quickly, and the run-off is infiltrating the region’s water channels是句子的主干,some of which feed into wells that supply drinking water作water channels的定语从句,that supply drinking water 作wells的定语从句,The presence of human by-products suggests that是主干,that 指faeces,注意faeces既可数,也不可数,faeces在这儿为一个整体,所以用that,而不用those的原因。
1. Dumping sites倾倒场,类似前面的pits。
2. infiltrating英 [ɪn'fɪltreɪtɪŋ] 美 [ɪn'fɪltreɪtɪŋ]
v.(使)渗透,(指思想)渗入人的心中( infiltrate的现在分词 )
Language and culture is infiltrating the other fused with each other, organic combined.
语言与文化是相互渗透、互相融合、有机结合的。
3. feed into wells通往饮用水水井
4. tests were done at nine water sources对该地区九个水源的检测发现。水源的介词使用at,注意哈。
5. E. coli英 [ˌi: ˈkəʊlaɪ] 美 [ˌi: ˈkoʊlaɪ]
[医][=Escherichia coli](拉)大肠埃希杆菌,大肠杆菌
E. coli ( in full Escherichia coli): Species of Bacterium that inhabits the stomach and intestines.
大肠埃希氏菌,大肠杆菌大肠杆菌:存在与胃肠的细菌物种。
6. by-products英 ['baɪpr'ɒdʌkts] 美 ['baɪpr'ɒdʌkts]
n.副产品( by-product的名词复数 );意外结果,副作用
In China, it is important to store the grain or other agricultural by-products safely.
在我国,粮食及其它农副产品的安全储存是一个重要问题。
7. The presence of human by-products in the water也可以说the traces of human by-products in the water,这个表达在18年11月的CATTI是三级笔译里面就见过,Traces of microplastics and hazardous chemicals found in majority of snow and ice samples taken earlier this year(研究人员)在今年年初采集的大量冰雪样本中,发现了微塑料和有害化学物质(的痕迹)。这篇今年高斋CATTI和MTI全年班到时候会详细讲解。
8. nicotine英 [ˈnɪkəti:n] 美 [ˈnɪkəˌtin] n.尼古丁;[化]烟碱
icotine is a psychoactive drug.
尼古丁是一种影响精神活动的毒物。
9. sunscreen英 [ˈsʌnskri:n] 美 [ˈsʌnˌskrin] n.防晒霜;(防晒油中的)遮光剂
I use a sunscreen whenever there is even a remote possibility that I will be in the sun
不论何时只要有一点可能暴露在阳光下,我就会用防晒霜。
10. yaks英 ['jæks] 美 ['jæks] n.牦牛( yak的名词复数 );笑话 v.<非正,贬>没完没了地谈些无关要紧的事,喋喋不休,唠叨( yak的第三人称单数 )
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau yaks can adapt to the environment with thin air, low air pressure, the cold weather;
牦牛适应青藏高原空气稀薄,气压低,天气寒冷的生态环境。
One innovative solution could help. The Mount Everest Biogas Project, led bytwo mountaineers, hopes to install a biogas reactor in Gorakshep at the start of next year. All of the faeces from base camp would then be converted into twoby-products: fertiliser and methane gas, possibly for cooking. In which case the mountain would be a little less brown and a little more green.
调整后的官方译文:“一个创新的解决方案也许会发挥作用。由两名登山家带头的珠峰沼气项目(Mount Everest Biogas Project)希望能在明年初在戈瑞克夏普镇安装一个沼气反应装置。届时,来自大本营的所有粪便都将转化为两种副产品:肥料和或许可用来做饭的沼气。如此,珠峰将少一点棕色,多一点绿色。
主旨思想:最后段,本文引出了一个创新的解决方案,那就是沼气项目,这样珠峰将少一点棕色(粪便是棕色的,这个描述很形象,哈哈)。
句子结构分析:The Mount Everest Biogas Project hopes to install a biogas reactor in Gorakshep at the start of next year是句子的主干,led by two mountaineers做The Mount Everest Biogas Project的后置定语。All of the faeces would then be converted into two by-products是主干,from base camp作All of the faeces的后置定语。 In which case是固定表达,表示在这种情况下;那样的话。
1. biogas英 [ˈbaɪəʊgæs] 美 [ˈbaɪoʊgæs] n.生物气(尤指沼气)
2. biogas reactor沼气反应器
3. convert英 [kənˈvɜ:t] 美 [kənˈvɜ:rt]vt.(使)转变;使皈依;兑换,换算;侵占
vi.经过转变;被改变;[橄榄球] 触地得分后得附加分n.皈依者;改变宗教信仰者
If you try to convert him, you could find he just walks away
如果你试图改变他的信仰,他就会走开。
英语作文写作拓展:比如我们说现在的零售趋势,我们就可以说there is a trend that the retailer can identify consumers and convert the offline consumer into a digital consumer.现在有一种趋势:零售商发现消费者,然后把线下消费者带到线上。
4. methane gas英 [ˈmeθˌeɪn ɡæs] 美 [ˈmɛθˌen ɡæs] [医]沼气,甲烷气体
Methane gas produced when vegetation decomposes in water.
植物在水中腐烂产生的甲烷气体。
5. in which case是固定表达,表示在这种情况下;那样的话。可以放在句首,正如今天的原文,也可以作连词,比如Members are concerned that a merger might mean higher costs, in which case they would oppose it. 成员们担心合并会导致成本提高,若是那样的话,他们将提出反对。
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经济学人精读:珠峰,别一味征服 | 外刊双语
发布时间:2019-03-04 09:56 作者:高斋外刊双语精读 点击:
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