双语：2023年全面推进乡村振兴重点工作
陈文俊:
Chen Wenjun:
女士们、先生们，上午好！欢迎出席国务院新闻办新闻发布会。今年是全面贯彻落实党的二十大精神的开局之年，我们将举行系列主题新闻发布会，邀请有关部门主要负责人出席，介绍各部门贯彻落实党的二十大精神的思路、举措、进展、成效。这个系列我们称之为“权威部门话开局”，敬请大家关注。今天我们举行这个系列新闻发布会的第一场，介绍解读刚刚发布的中央一号文件并回答大家关心的问题。出席今天新闻发布会的是：中央农办主任、农业农村部部长唐仁健先生；中央农办副主任、农业农村部党组成员、国家乡村振兴局局长刘焕鑫先生；中央农办专职副主任、农业农村部党组成员吴宏耀先生。
Ladies and gentlemen, good morning. Welcome to this press conference held by the State Council Information Office (SCIO). 2023 marks the first year of implementing the guiding principles of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC). We will hold a series of themed press conferences, inviting leaders of relevant departments to introduce the ideas, measures, progress and achievements in implementing the guiding principles of the congress. We named the series “Embarking on the New Journey—A Government Perspective,” and we welcome your attention. Today, we are holding the first press conference in the series, to introduce and interpret the newly unveiled the "No. 1 central document" for 2023 as well as answer your questions. Present at the press conference are: Mr. Tang Renjian, director of the Office of the Leading Group for Rural Affairs of the CPC Central Committee, and minister of agriculture and rural affairs; Mr. Liu Huanxin, deputy director of the Office of the Leading Group for Rural Affairs of the CPC Central Committee, member of the CPC Leadership Group of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and administrator of the National Rural Revitalization Administration; and Mr. Wu Hongyao, deputy director of the Office of the Leading Group for Rural Affairs of the CPC Central Committee, and member of the CPC Leadership Group of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.
下面，我们先请唐仁健部长介绍情况。
Now, I will give the floor to Mr. Tang Renjian.
唐仁健:
Tang Renjian:
女士们、先生们，大家好。又是一年春来到，人勤春早农事忙。2月13日，新华社受权播发了《中共中央、国务院关于做好2023年全面推进乡村振兴重点工作的意见》，也就是2023年中央一号文件。这是新世纪以来，中央连续出台的第20个指导三农工作的一号文件，再次表明党中央加强三农工作的鲜明态度，发出重农强农的强烈信号。下面，我向大家简要介绍文件有关情况。
Ladies and gentlemen, good morning. With the arrival of spring, farmers are once again busy with work. On Feb. 13, Xinhua News Agency was authorized to issue the "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Comprehensively Promoting the Key Work of Rural Revitalization in 2023," or the No. 1 central document for 2023. This is the 20th consecutive No. 1 central document released by China's central authorities to guide the work on agriculture, rural areas and rural residents since the beginning of this century. Through the document, the CPC Central Committee reiterated its commitment to the work on agriculture, rural areas and rural residents, sending a strong signal of prioritizing and boosting agriculture. Now, I would like to briefly introduce the document.
一、文件起草背景
First, the background in drafting the document.
过去的一年，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，我们统筹疫情防控和农业农村发展，有效应对多重挑战，稳住了农业基本盘，夯实了三农压舱石，为稳定经济社会大局提供了基础支撑。一是粮食生产再夺丰收。全年粮食总产量达到13731亿斤、增产74亿斤，再创历史新高，大豆和油料扩种超出预期。生猪生产保持稳定，全年肉蛋奶、果菜鱼供应量足价稳。二是脱贫攻坚成果持续巩固。防止返贫监测帮扶机制不断优化完善，产业就业帮扶措施强化落实，返贫致贫风险得到有效化解，守住了不发生规模性返贫的底线。三是农民收入稳定增长。全年农民人均可支配收入迈上2万元大台阶，达到20133元、实际增长4.2%，增速分别比国内生产总值和城镇居民人均可支配收入增速高1.2和2.3个百分点。四是乡村振兴重点任务扎实推进。乡村产业发展壮大，乡村建设行动启动实施，乡村治理效能持续改善，农村改革深入推进，农村社会保持稳定安宁。
Over the past year, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, we have coordinated the COVID-19 response and agricultural and rural development, effectively addressed multiple challenges, kept the fundamentals of agriculture stable, and consolidated the “ballast” for the work on agriculture, rural areas and rural residents, thus providing a foundation for overall economic and social stability. First, China has secured another bumper harvest. The country's grain output totaled 1.3731 trillion jin (686.55 billion kg) in 2022, up 7.4 billion jin (3.7 billion kg) compared to the previous year and again setting a new high. The increase in the production capacity of soybeans and other oilseed crops exceeded projections. Hog production remained stable. The market supply and prices of meat, eggs, milk, fruit, vegetables and fish were stable throughout the year. Second, the gains in poverty alleviation have been further consolidated. The monitoring and assistance mechanism has been continuously improved, industrial and employment assistance has been strengthened, and the risks of returning to or falling into poverty have been effectively defused. We have maintained the bottom line of ensuring no large-scale return to poverty. Third, the incomes of farmers maintained steady growth. The per capita disposable income of rural residents surpassed the milestone of 20,000 yuan, reaching 20,133 yuan ($2,937), an increase of 4.2% in real terms, 1.2 and 2.3 percentage points higher than the growth rates of GDP and per capita disposable income of urban residents, respectively. Fourth, solid steps have been taken to promote priorities for rural revitalization. The development of rural industries has been boosted, initiatives to improve rural infrastructure have been launched, the level of rural governance has been continuously improved, the reform of rural areas has been advanced, and rural society has been stable and peaceful.
党的二十大擘画了以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的宏伟蓝图，并首次提出加快建设农业强国。习近平总书记在去年底中央农村工作会议上，着眼强国复兴战略大局全局，系统阐释了加快建设农业强国、加快农业农村现代化、全面推进乡村振兴的一系列重大理论和实践问题，为起草好2023年中央一号文件、做好新时代新征程三农工作提供了根本遵循和行动指南。习近平总书记强调，强国必先强农，农强方能国强。全面建设社会主义现代化国家，最艰巨最繁重的任务仍然在农村。必须坚持不懈把解决好三农问题作为全党工作重中之重，举全党全社会之力全面推进乡村振兴，加快农业农村现代化，加快建设农业强国，建设宜居宜业和美乡村，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家开好局起好步打下坚实基础。
The 20th CPC National Congress drew up a grand blueprint for advancing the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on all fronts through a Chinese path to modernization, and proposed for the first time moving faster to build up China’s strength in agriculture. At the annual central rural work conference held at the end of last year, General Secretary Xi Jinping, with the overall strategy of national development and rejuvenation in mind, systematically expounded a series of major theoretical and practical issues on moving faster to build up China’s strength in agriculture, promoting the modernization of agriculture and rural areas and advancing rural revitalization across the board, which provided fundamental principles and guidelines for drafting the No. 1 central document for 2023 and delivering a satisfactory performance in the work on agriculture, rural areas and rural residents on the new journey of the new era. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that a country must first strengthen agriculture to make itself strong, and only when agriculture is strong can the country be strong . He noted that the most challenging and arduous tasks we face in building a modern socialist China in all respects remain in our rural areas. He said that addressing the issues related to agriculture, rural areas and rural residents should have a central place in the work agenda of the Party , and we should mobilize efforts and resources across the Party and the society to advance rural revitalization across the board, accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, move faster to build up China’s strength in agriculture, and build a beautiful and harmonious countryside that is desirable to live and work in, so as to lay a solid foundation for building a modern socialist country in all respects.
二、文件主要内容
Second, the main content of the document.
贯彻落实习近平总书记重要讲话精神，按照党中央、国务院部署要求，文件全面贯彻党的二十大精神，锚定加快建设农业强国目标，聚焦乡村振兴主题，注重长短结合，突出“短实新”特点，紧紧围绕全面推进乡村振兴必须守牢的底线、迫切需要解决的问题，明确重点任务和政策举措。文件包括9个部分33条，主要内容可以概括为守底线、促振兴、强保障。
Implementing the guiding principles from General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speeches and following the arrangements and requirements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the document fully puts the guiding principles of the 20th CPC National Congress into action. It aims to expedite the efforts to build China's strength in agriculture. It focuses on rural revitalization, with eyes both on the present and future, and features conciseness, practicality, and innovation. The document centers closely on the benchmark issues and urgent matters involved in comprehensively promoting rural revitalization and specifies key tasks and policy measures in the field. It consists of nine sections and 33 items, and its main content can be summarized as completing basic tasks, advancing rural revitalization, and strengthening related support.
守底线就是坚决守牢确保国家粮食安全、防止发生规模性返贫底线。一是强调抓紧抓好粮食和重要农产品稳产保供，加强农业基础设施建设，强化农业科技和装备支撑，确保全国粮食产量保持在1.3万亿斤以上。二是强调增强脱贫地区和脱贫群众内生发展动力，稳定完善帮扶政策，坚决守住不发生规模性返贫底线。
In terms of completing basic tasks, the document underlines the effort to ensure the nation's food security and that people do not sink back into poverty in large numbers. First, it stresses the need for stable production and adequate supplies of grains and other important agricultural products. It stresses that we must boost the construction of agricultural infrastructure and strengthen support for agricultural science, technology, and equipment, in a bid to ensure that the country's annual grain output remains over 650 million metric tons. Second, the document underscores the tasks of strengthening the internal growth momentum of areas and people that have shaken off poverty, stabilizing and improving supportive policies, and ensuring that people do not sink back into poverty in large numbers.
促振兴就是围绕乡村振兴总要求，扎实推进乡村发展、乡村建设、乡村治理等重点工作。一是强调推动乡村产业高质量发展，培育乡村新产业新业态。二是强调促进农民就业增收、农业经营增效，赋予农民更加充分的财产权益，拓宽农民增收致富渠道。三是瞄准“农村基本具备现代生活条件”的目标，扎实推进宜居宜业和美乡村建设。四是强调健全党组织领导的乡村治理体系，提升乡村治理效能。
In terms of advancing rural revitalization, the document centers on the general requirements of this endeavor and stresses efforts to foster rural development, construction, governance and other significant issues. First, it stresses bolstering high-quality rural industries and developing new industries and business forms in rural areas. Second, it emphasizes boosting employment among rural residents and increasing their incomes, enhancing the efficiency of agricultural businesses, giving rural residents greater property rights and interests, and expanding channels for them to gain additional income. Third, in line with rural areas' goal to have basic access to modern lives, the document stresses building a beautiful countryside that people enjoy living and working in. Fourth, it emphasizes improving the rural governance system led by Party organizations and enhancing the efficiency of rural governance.
强保障就是加强组织领导。强调强化政策保障和体制机制创新，加强党对三农工作的全面领导。
In terms of strengthening related support, the document stresses reinforcing organization and guidance. It emphasizes strengthening policy guarantees, institutional innovation, and the Party's leadership in all the work concerning agriculture and rural areas and residents.
总的看，今年的文件聚焦狠抓落实，突出工作部署指导性、政策举措针对性，既是明确全年工作重点的“任务清单”，也是指导全面推进乡村振兴的“操作手册”。
In general, this year's document focuses on implementation and highlights the guiding role of the arrangements and the targeted nature of policy measures. It is not only a "to-do list" that specifies the priorities of our work this year but also a "handbook" that guides our efforts to comprehensively advance rural revitalization.
下面，我和我的同事们愿意回答大家提出的问题。
Next, my colleagues and I will take your questions.
陈文俊:
Chen Wenjun:
谢谢唐部长。下面欢迎各位提问，提问之前请通报一下自己所在的新闻单位。
Thank you, Mr. Tang. The floor is now open for questions. Please indicate the media organization you work for before raising questions.
中央广播电视总台央视记者:
CCTV:
去年底中央农村工作会议对加快建设农业强国作出战略部署。请问如何理解和认识农业强国的内涵特征和基本要求？谢谢。
At the end of last year, the central rural work conference made arrangements to accelerate the building of strong agriculture. What does it entail and what are the basic requirements of this endeavor? Thank you.
唐仁健:
Tang Renjian:
谢谢你的提问，这个问题很重大，也抓住了文件的关键。加快建设农业强国，是以习近平同志为核心的党中央统筹“两个大局”，着眼全面建成社会主义现代化强国，对新时代新征程三农工作作出的战略部署，指明了强国复兴全局大局中三农的历史坐标和奋进方向。
Thank you for your question. This is a crucial issue and comprises the essence of the document. Accelerating the building of strong agriculture is a strategic arrangement made for the work concerning agriculture, rural areas and rural residents in the new era by the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core. It was made to coordinate China's internal and international imperatives and build China into a great modern socialist country in all respects. It clarifies the historical status and future goals of the work concerning agriculture, rural areas, and rural residents in the overall drive of China's national rejuvenation.
农业强国内涵十分丰富，既包括生产力发展，也包括生产关系变革；既包括农业全面升级，也包括农村全面进步、农民全面发展。一方面，要具备农业强国的共同特征。国外现代化农业强国，虽资源禀赋和制度环境各不相同，农业强的表现也不尽一样，但有着一些普遍的共同特征。要遵循农业现代化建设的一般规律，找差距、补短板、扬优势，建设供给保障强、科技装备强、经营体系强、产业韧性强、竞争能力强的农业强国。另一方面，要基于国情体现中国特色。搞种养要服水土，农业最讲水土，建设农业强国也要合国情农情，依靠自身力量解决实际问题，这是关键。我国人多地少的资源禀赋、农耕文明的历史底蕴、人与自然和谐共生的时代要求，这三大方面决定了我们必须依靠自己力量端牢饭碗，依托双层经营体制发展农业，发展生态低碳农业，赓续农耕文明，扎实推进共同富裕。刚才这几句话就体现了我们中国的特色、中国的国情和农情，要努力走出一条中国特色农业现代化道路。
Building strong agriculture involves many facets. It involves the growth of productivity and the development of production relations. It also concerns the comprehensive upgrading of agriculture, progress in every sector of rural areas, and the well-rounded development of rural residents. For one thing, China must meet the standard qualifications for strong agriculture. Despite differences in resources, institutional environment, and agricultural capacity, foreign countries with strong, modern agriculture bear common features. We need to follow the general principle of modern agriculture development, find out where we have fallen short, make up for our weaknesses, and leverage our advantages in a bid to build an agricultural sector that is strong in supply, sci-tech equipment, business systems, industrial resilience and overall competitiveness. In addition, Chinese characteristics need to be considered based on our national conditions. Agricultural planting and animal husbandry require an appropriate natural environment, which is crucial for agriculture. Likewise, the endeavor of building strong agriculture also needs to fit our national and agricultural conditions, and we need to rely on ourselves to solve practical problems. This is very important. China has a vast population but limited land resources. Its farming civilization has a long history, but our time demands greater harmony between humanity and nature. These three aspects determine that we must be self-dependent in securing our food supply. To develop agriculture, we must rely on the two-tier management system, which integrates cooperative management with household contract management. We must also advance eco-friendly and low-carbon agriculture, sustain our farming civilization, and promote prosperity for all. These statements reflect China's characteristics as well as its national and agricultural conditions. We need to explore a path of agricultural modernization with distinctive Chinese features.
建设农业强国是一项长期任务和系统工程，要注重方式方法，把握好时度效。一是准确理解三农工作布局。建设农业强国，与全面推进乡村振兴一脉相承，目标一致、过程统一。当前要把重点放在全面推进乡村振兴上，做好政策体系和工作体系衔接，重心不变、主题不换、频道不调，保持工作连续性。二是加强统筹规划。抓紧研究制定加快建设农业强国规划，做好整体谋划和系统安排，同现有规划相衔接，也不能完全另搞一套，明确路线图施工图，扎实有力推进，既衔接又创新，搞好这么一个规划。三是突出实绩实效。把工作着力点放到解决当地农业农村发展最迫切、农民反映最强烈的实际问题上，落到一件件具体民生实事，甚至包括一些关键小事上，久久为功，让农民群众在乡村振兴过程中感受到实实在在的获得感、幸福感、安全感。谢谢。
Building China's strength in agriculture is a long-term task and a systematic project. This requires attention to methods while grasping timing, degree, and effectiveness. First, it is necessary to accurately understand the layout of rural work regarding agriculture, rural areas, and rural residents. Building China's strength in agriculture is in line with advancing rural revitalization across the board, with the same goals and unified processes. Currently, the focus should be on advancing rural revitalization on all fronts, ensuring the connection between policy and work systems, and maintaining work continuity without changing the focus, theme, or channel. Second, it is necessary to strengthen overall planning. We should accelerate the study and formulation of plans to speed up the building of China's strength in agriculture, do a good job of overall planning and systematic arrangements, and connect with existing plans. It should be neither a completely new plan nor disconnected from existing ones, but rather a clear roadmap and a working plan with a solid and effective implementation that is both connected and innovative. We must work out such a plan. Third, it is necessary to highlight practical results and effectiveness. Our work’s emphasis should be on solving the most urgent and pressing issues of local agricultural and rural development, focusing on specific practical issues raised by farmers, including some key small matters, and making sustained efforts. The goal is to make rural people feel a tangible sense of gain, happiness, and security in the process of rural revitalization. Thank you.
农民日报中国农网记者:
Farmers' Daily with Farmer.com.cn:
保障国家粮食安全是三农工作的头等大事，请问当前全国粮食安全形势怎么样？为了保障国家粮食安全，下一步具体从哪些方面发力？谢谢。
Ensuring national food security is the top priority of rural work in agriculture, rural areas, and rural residents. What is the current national food security situation in China? In order to ensure national food security, what specific measures will be taken next? Thank you.
唐仁健:
Tang Renjian:
谢谢这位记者的提问，农业强国这个落下来首要任务就是要确保国家粮食安全。刚才你问到形势，去年面对疫情灾情交织叠加，这一点大家都很清楚，国际粮价剧烈波动，还有农资价格高企多重冲击的严峻形势，我国粮食生产再夺丰收，连续8年稳定在1.3万亿斤以上，可以讲14亿多中国人的饭碗我们端得更稳、更好、也更牢，这为稳预期、稳物价、稳信心提供了重要支撑。但是也要看到，国内庞大的人口基数叠加，消费还在不断升级，粮食需求仍在刚性增长，全球农产品贸易不确定性不稳定性明显增强，所以端牢饭碗的压力也可以说是越来越大。下一步必须多措并举、综合发力，全方位夯实粮食安全根基。
Thank you for your questions. Ensuring national food security is the primary task of building China's strength in agriculture. Regarding the situation you asked about, we all know that we faced the intertwined and overlapping challenges of the pandemic and disasters last year. International grain prices fluctuated dramatically, and there was a severe situation caused by the impact of high agricultural material prices. Nevertheless, China's grain production has achieved another harvest, with a stable output of over 1.3 trillion jin (650 million metric tons) for eight consecutive years. We have made the food supply more stable, better, and more secure for more than 1.4 billion Chinese people, which has provided important support for stabilizing expectations, prices, and confidence. However, we must also see that the pressure to keep our rice bowls safe is increasing due to the large population base, the upgrading of consumption, the growth in food demand, and the increasing uncertainty and instability of global agricultural trade. Next, we must take multiple measures and comprehensive actions to strengthen the foundation of food security from all aspects.
在目标上重点是稳住面积、主攻单产、力争多增产。一是面积要稳住，这是粮食生产的基础。推动南方省份发展多熟制粮食生产，实施大豆玉米单产提升工程，因为大豆玉米单产现在比较低，开展吨粮田创建，确保粮食产量保持在1.3万亿斤以上。同时加力扩种大豆油料，扎实推进大豆玉米带状复合种植，支持东北、黄淮海地区开展粮豆轮作，稳步开发利用盐碱地种植大豆，现在一些地方试点效果还是不错的，我们开辟了一块新的资源，多油并举来扩面增产。二是产能要提升。党中央和今年的中央一号文件都已经明确，要抓紧启动实施新一轮千亿斤粮食产能提升行动，集中必要资源力量和手段，努力推动粮食产能早日迈上新台阶。通常我们是一千亿斤一个台阶，就意味着到1.4万亿斤以上。另外还要树立大食物观，分领域制定方案，加快构建多元化食物供给体系，丰富食物品种来源。
In terms of goals, we will focus on stabilizing the grain acreage, increasing the per-unit crop yield, and striving for greater output. First, we must stabilize the grain acreage, which is the foundation of grain production. We will promote multiple cropping in southern provinces, implement projects to increase the per-unit yield of soybeans and corn (because the per-unit yield of both is now relatively low), and ensure that grain output remains above 650 million metric tons by carrying out the establishment of farmland with an annual yield of 1000 kg per mu. At the same time, we will intensify efforts to expand the planting of soybean and other oil crops, solidly promote the belt-like compound planting of soybeans and corn, support the rotation of grain and soybeans in Northeast China and the Huang-Huai-Hai region, and steadily develop and utilize saline-alkali land for planting soybeans. Pilot projects in some areas have shown good results, and we have opened up a new resource to expand production and increase output with multiple oil crops. Second, we must increase production capacity. The CPC Central Committee and this year's No. 1 central document have made it clear that we must launch and implement a new round of action to increase grain production capacity by 50 billion kilograms, concentrate necessary resources, and use all means to promote the early attainment of a new level of grain production capacity. Typically, every 50 billion kilograms represents one further level, which means we have to reach over 700 million metric tons (from 650 million metric tons). In addition, we must establish a broad concept of food, formulate plans by sector, accelerate the building of a diversified food supply system, and enrich the sources of food varieties.
在措施上重点强化藏粮于地、藏粮于技的物质基础。一是强化基础设施建设。严格耕地用途管控，坚决守住18亿亩耕地红线，完成高标准农田新建和改造提升的年度任务，抓紧制定逐步把永久基本农田全部建成高标准农田的实施方案，这是一项重大动作，15.46亿亩永久基本农田要全部建成高标准农田。用现代化农业设施来更好保障粮食安全。二是强化科技装备支撑。推动农业关键核心技术攻关，深入实施种业振兴行动，加快农业科技自立自强，聚焦提高单产，逐个品种拿出良田、良种、良法、良机、良制集成组装的综合性解决方案，向科技要产量、要产能。
In terms of measures, we will focus on strengthening the material foundation for crop production based on farmland management and technological application. One is to strengthen infrastructure construction. We will strictly control the usage of farmland, resolutely ensure the area of farmland remains above the red line of 120 million hectares, complete the annual task of new construction and upgrading of high-standard farmland, and promptly formulate an implementation plan to gradually develop all permanent basic cropland into high-standard cropland. This is a big move, involving 103 million hectares of permanent basic cropland. We will use modern agricultural facilities to better ensure food security. The second is to strengthen the support of scientific and technological equipment. We will promote the breakthrough of key and core agricultural technologies, deeply implement the seed industry revitalization action, build up our strength in agricultural technology at a faster pace, focus on improving per unit crop yield, and come up with comprehensive solutions for integrating good soil, good crop varieties, good methods, good machinery, and good mechanisms for each variety, and rely on science and technology to increase the grain output and capacity.
在政策上重点是健全农民种粮挣钱得利、地方抓粮担责尽义的机制保障。上面讲了强化藏粮于地、藏粮于技的物质基础，这一条强调健全农民种粮挣钱得利、地方抓粮担责尽义的机制保障，这样就是“地、技、利、义”四个字。一是抓政策引导。健全种粮农民收益保障机制，继续提高小麦最低收购价，合理确定稻谷最低收购价，稳定稻谷补贴，完善玉米大豆生产者补贴，提高大豆补贴力度，推动扩大大豆政策性收储和市场化收购，逐步扩大稻谷、小麦、玉米完全成本保险和种植收入保险实施范围，完善农资保供稳价应对机制。同时还要健全主产区利益补偿机制，增加产粮大县的奖励资金规模。二是抓责任落实。今年继续把经国务院同意的粮食生产目标任务下达各省（区、市），分品种压实种植面积。严格省级党委和政府耕地保护和粮食安全责任制考核，以责任落实推动政策落实和工作落实。谢谢。
In terms of policy, the focus is to improve institutional safeguards for farmers to grow grain and make a profit and for local governments to take responsibility for grain production. I just talked about the point of strengthening the material foundation for crop production based on farmland management and technological application. The point I’m talking about now emphasizes the improvement of the institutional assurance for farmers to grow grain and make money and for local governments to take responsibility for grain production. The two points come down to these four words: farmland, technology, profit, and responsibility. The first is policy guidance. We need to improve the income guarantee mechanism for grain growers, continue to raise the minimum purchase price of wheat, reasonably determine the minimum purchase price of rice, stabilize rice subsidies, improve corn and soybean producers' subsidies, increase soybean subsidies, and promote the expansion of policy-based purchase and storage of soybeans and market-based purchases. We will gradually expand the implementation scope of full-cost insurance and planting income insurance for rice, wheat, and corn and improve the mechanism for ensuring the supply and stabilizing the price of agricultural materials. At the same time, it is necessary to improve the interest compensation mechanism for major grain-producing areas and increase the scale of rewards for major grain-producing counties. The second is to ensure fulfillment of responsibilities. This year, we will continue to assign the grain production targets and tasks approved by the State Council to all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, and ensure the planting area set for each variety is not compromised. We will strictly assess the performance of provincial Party committees and governments under the accountability system for farmland protection and food security, and promote the implementation of policies and measures through the fulfillment of responsibilities. Thank you.
环球时报记者:
Global Times:
巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果是全面推进乡村振兴的前提，请问当前巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果进展如何？下一步将如何帮助脱贫群众生活再上一层楼？谢谢。
Consolidating and expanding the achievements in poverty alleviation is a prerequisite for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization. What is the current progress in this regard? What measures will be taken next to help people who have been lifted out of poverty to improve their lives? Thank you.
刘焕鑫:
Liu Huanxin:
感谢这位记者对巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果的关心关注。
Thank you for your concern and attention to consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation.
2022年是巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接深化之年，经过各方面的共同努力，脱贫攻坚成果进一步巩固拓展，脱贫基础更加稳固、成效更可持续，主要表现在三个方面：一是没有发生规模性返贫现象。防止返贫监测帮扶机制有效发挥作用，识别认定时间缩短到15天以内，实现了早发现、早干预、早帮扶，“三保障”、饮水安全和兜底保障水平持续巩固提升。二是脱贫劳动力就业形势保持稳定。2022年，务工就业规模达到3277.9万人，比2021年底增加132.9万人，超过年度目标任务258.7万人。三是脱贫地区和脱贫人口收入较快增长。2022年，脱贫地区农民人均可支配收入达到15111元，增长7.5%，比全国农民人均可支配收入增速高1.2个百分点。脱贫人口人均纯收入达到14342元，同比增长14.3%，比全国农民人均可支配收入增速高8个百分点。
2022 is the year of pursuing rural revitalization by building on the success in poverty alleviation in an in-depth manner. Through the joint efforts of all parties, our poverty alleviation achievements are further consolidated and expanded. The foundation of poverty alleviation is more solid and the results are more sustainable, which are mainly reflected in three aspects. First, there have been no people slipping back into poverty in large numbers. The monitoring and assistance mechanisms to prevent people from slipping back into poverty have played an effective role. The time spent on poverty identification and confirmation has been shortened to less than 15 days, and early detection, early intervention, and early assistance have been realized. The capacity for guaranteeing access to compulsory education, basic medical services and safe housing for impoverished rural residents, and the capacity for providing safe drinking water and meeting people’s basic needs continue to be consolidated and improved. Second, the employment situation of the labor force that was lifted out of poverty remains stable. In 2022, 32.779 million of them enjoyed full employment, an increase of 1.329 million from the end of 2021, exceeding the annual target by 2.587 million. Third, the income of areas and people that have been lifted out of poverty has increased rapidly. In 2022, the per capita disposable income of farmers in areas that have been lifted out of poverty reached 15,111 yuan, an increase of 7.5%, which is 1.2 percentage points higher than the growth rate of the per capita disposable income of farmers nationwide. The per capita net income of those that have been lifted out of poverty reached 14,342 yuan, a year-on-year increase of 14.3%, 8 percentage points higher than the growth rate of the per capita disposable income of farmers nationwide.
习近平总书记在党的二十大报告中指出，巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果，增强脱贫地区和脱贫群众内生发展动力。今年中央一号文件继续将巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果，作为底线任务之一进行强调部署。我们将深入贯彻落实党中央、国务院决策部署，持续抓紧抓好巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果各项工作，努力让脱贫群众生活更上一层楼。
General Secretary Xi Jinping called for efforts to consolidate and expand our achievements in poverty alleviation and help areas and people that have just shaken off poverty build their own momentum for growth in his report to the 20th CPC National Congress. The task of consolidating and expanding achievements in poverty alleviation has continued to be put high on the agenda in the No. 1 central document for 2023 as one of the bottom-line tasks. We will thoroughly implement the decisions and arrangements made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council and intensify efforts to carry out all work related to consolidating and expanding achievements in poverty alleviation, in a bid to further improve the livelihoods of people lifted out of poverty.
一是抓监测帮扶落实。开展监测对象常态化监测和集中排查，进一步提升识别精准性、帮扶针对性，及时化解因疫因病因灾等返贫致贫风险隐患。实行分类帮扶，对有劳动能力、有意愿的监测户，落实开发式帮扶措施；对没有劳动能力的，做好兜底保障。
First, we will strengthen monitoring to ensure the implementation of poverty assistance work. We will carry out regular monitoring and centralized screening of monitored targets, further improve the accuracy of identification and targeted assistance, and promptly address the potential risks of returning to poverty due to epidemics , illnesses or disasters. We will provide classified assistance and implement development-oriented poverty reduction measures for monitored households that are able to work and willing to do so. We should also enhance social security guarantees for those who are unable to work.
二是抓发展动力培育。把增加脱贫群众收入作为根本措施，把促进脱贫县加快发展作为主攻方向，聚焦产业就业，着力用发展的办法，不断缩小收入差距、发展差距，增强脱贫地区和脱贫群众内生发展动力。用好中央财政衔接推进乡村振兴补助资金，帮助脱贫地区补上技术、设施、营销等产业发展短板。深化东西部劳务协作，实施防止返贫就业攻坚行动，确保脱贫劳动力就业规模稳定在3000万人以上。
Second, we will foster driving force for development. We should regard increasing the income of people lifted out of poverty as a fundamental measure, take accelerating the development of counties lifted out of poverty as the main direction, focus on industrial employment and give full play to the role of development, so as to further narrow the gaps in income and development, and help areas and people lifted out of poverty build their own momentum for growth. We will make good use of the central government's subsidies for rural revitalization to improve weak links of poverty-stricken areas in technology, infrastructure, marketing and other industries. We will deepen cooperation in labor services coordination between eastern and western regions, create more jobs for people lifted out of poverty to prevent them from returning to poverty, and ensure that the scale of employment for those lifted out of poverty remains stable at over 30 million .
三是抓帮扶政策完善。全面落实巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接政策，持续加大对国家乡村振兴重点帮扶县和易地扶贫搬迁集中安置点等重点区域政策倾斜力度。深化东西部协作、中央单位定点帮扶、“万企兴万村”等帮扶机制，促进形成防止返贫工作合力。发挥好巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接考核评估“指挥棒”作用，压紧压实各级责任。谢谢。
Third, we will further improve relevant policies. We will fully implement the policy of effectively linking our achievements in poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, and continue to give greater priority to policies in key counties for rural revitalization and in key areas such as poverty-alleviation relocation centers in inhospitable areas. We will deepen cooperation between the eastern and western regions, mobilize central government departments to provide designated assistance, and encourage more assistance mechanisms such as the "10,000 Enterprises to Aid 10,000 Villages" program, to generate synergy to prevent people from falling back into poverty. We will give full play to the role of assessment and evaluation as the "baton" to consolidate and expand the achievements in poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, and strengthen responsibilities at all levels. Thank you.
中国县域经济报记者:
China County Times:
去年中央经济工作会议提出“推动‘科技—产业—金融’良性循环”。农业农村发展离不开资金和政策的支持，请问今年农业农村领域在强化政策保障和体制机制创新方面有哪些政策亮点？谢谢。
As with the virtuous circle of "science, industry and finance" proposed at last year's Central Economic Work Conference, the development of agriculture and rural areas cannot be separated from the support of funds and policies. Therefore, I would like to ask what measures will be taken in the field of agriculture and rural areas to strengthen policy guarantees and institutional innovation? Thank you.
唐仁健:
Tang Renjian:
这个问题是问到了农业强国建设的动力，就是动力来自哪里。谢谢这位记者的问题，提得挺深。
This question is related with the driving force behind building China's strength in agriculture, that is, where the driving force originates. Thank you for your question, which is a profound one.
全面推进乡村振兴，加快建设农业强国，需要真刀真枪地干，需要真金白银地投，要形成政策合力和工作合力。今年中央一号文件重点从投入、人才、体制机制保障等方面进行强调部署。
To promote all-around rural revitalization and build up strength in agriculture, we need to make concrete efforts, make real investments, and work together to create policy synergy. This year’s No. 1 central document focuses on areas such as investment, talent, mechanism, and institutional guarantees.
第一，健全乡村振兴的多元投入机制。主要包括三块。第一块是政府投入。强调坚持把农业农村作为一般公共预算优先保障领域，压实地方政府投入责任，稳步提高土地出让收益用于农业农村的比例，将符合条件的乡村振兴项目纳入地方政府债券支持范围。第二块是金融投入。主要是用好再贷款再贴现、差别化存款准备金、差异化金融监管和考核评估等政策，推动金融机构增加乡村振兴相关领域的贷款投放，重点保障粮食安全信贷资金需求。还有一块就是社会资本投入。这方面要健全政府投资与金融、社会投入联动机制。我们经常讲撬动，鼓励将符合条件的项目打捆打包，按规定由市场主体来实施。这个打捆打包，农业农村投资领域经常讲，项目是散在千家万户、广大粮田上的，单个项目很少，但是集中起来一个市、一个省、全国量就不小了，为了存贷方便、实施方便，所以要打捆打包。
First, we must improve the investment mechanism through multiple channels to boost rural revitalization, initially via government investment. The document prioritizes agriculture and rural areas as key areas for the national general public budget and requires local governments to take full responsibility for their investments. Efforts will be made to increase the proportion of land transfer revenue that is used for agriculture and rural areas. Eligible rural revitalization projects will be supported via local government bonds. Second, via financial investment. We need to better leverage policy tools, such as relending and rediscounting programs, differentiated reserved requirement ratios, differentiated financial regulation, and assessment and evaluation policies. We encourage financial institutions to increase their lending in the areas related to rural revitalization, with a focus on ensuring credit funding for food security. Third, via investment from social capital. There is a need to improve the linkage mechanism between government investment, financial investment, and social investment. We encourage the bundling of eligible projects implemented by market entities according to regulations. In the agricultural and rural investment sector, projects are often dispersed across many households and vast farmland, and individual projects are often scarce. However, when aggregated at a city, provincial, or national level, the scale can be significant. Therefore, the bundling of projects is necessary to facilitate deposits, loans, and implementation.
第二，加强乡村人才队伍建设。坚持培养和引进相结合。一方面着力培养乡村本土人才，实施高素质农民培养计划，开展农村创业带头人培育行动，发展面向乡村振兴的职业教育等。另一方面引导城市人才下乡。实施乡村振兴人才支持计划，有序引导大学毕业生到乡、能人回乡、农民工返乡、企业家入乡，这“四乡”是习近平总书记在去年年底中央农村工作会议讲话中明确提出的，要引导他们到基层一线服务。完善城市专业技术人才定期服务乡村的激励机制，对长期服务乡村的在职务晋升、职称评定等方面予以适当倾斜。
Second, we must strengthen the building of the rural talent pool. This involves a combination of cultivating and introducing talent. On one hand, efforts will be made to cultivate local talent in rural areas, such as implementing plans to train high-caliber farmers, carrying out initiatives to cultivate rural entrepreneurial leaders, and developing vocational education for rural revitalization. On the other hand, urban talent will be encouraged to go to the countryside. A program to support rural revitalization talent will be launched, guiding university graduates, skilled professionals, migrant workers, and entrepreneurs to return to or work in rural areas. These four groups of people were mentioned in the speech made by General Secretary Xi Jinping at the central rural work conference at the end of last year. They are encouraged to work at the grassroots level. Additionally, incentive mechanisms will be improved to encourage urban professionals and technical personnel to regularly serve rural areas. Preferential treatment in terms of job promotion and professional title evaluation will be given to those who serve rural areas long-term.
第三，健全乡村振兴推进机制。主要包括三个方面的机制。一是全面落实乡村振兴责任制。坚持省市县乡村五级书记抓乡村振兴，脱贫攻坚的时候我们就是五级书记抓，乡村振兴也是这样，要切实形成乡村振兴的政策合力、工作合力。二是完善乡村振兴督查考核机制。统筹开展乡村振兴战略实绩考核、巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接考核评估，将抓党建促乡村振兴情况作为市县乡党委书记抓基层党建述职评议考核的重要内容。三是建立乡村振兴统计监测制度。加强乡村振兴统计监测，建立客观反映乡村振兴进展的指标和统计体系，对乡村振兴战略实施情况进行适时的、科学的评估。谢谢。
Third, we will improve the mechanism for advancing rural revitalization. The mechanisms mainly relate to the following aspects. First, we need to fully implement the system of responsibility for rural revitalization. We should ensure that Party secretaries at the provincial, municipal, county, township, and village levels assume their responsibilities in implementing rural revitalization. As in poverty alleviation, Party secretaries at five levels are responsible for advancing progress, and we will also adopt this approach in promoting rural revitalization to form a policy and work synergy. Second, we need to improve mechanisms for inspecting and evaluating rural revitalization. Concerted efforts will be taken to conduct performance evaluations on the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy and to carry out assessments on the coordinated efforts between expanding and consolidating poverty alleviation and rural revitalization. We should also make the promotion of rural revitalization through Party building a key part in evaluating the performance of Party secretaries at the five levels. Third, we need to establish a statistical monitoring system for rural revitalization. We should strengthen the statistical monitoring of rural revitalization, set up indicators and statistical systems that reflect the progress of rural revitalization in an objective manner, and conduct evaluations of the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy in a timely and scientific manner. Thank you.
中国三农发布记者:
Sannongfabu:
这些年农民收入实现持续较快增长，城乡收入差距逐步缩小。请问现在农民增收致富渠道都有哪些？有哪些政策利好助力农民增收？谢谢。
In recent years, the incomes of farmers have grown rapidly, and the income gap between urban and rural areas has gradually narrowed. What are the current channels for farmers to increase their incomes? And what measures are there to help farmers boost their incomes? Thank you.
唐仁健:
Tang Renjian:
增收致富这个词是多年在用的，党的二十大和今年中央一号文件用这个词，我觉得在新的阶段有新的含义，这会儿的“富”显然是共同致富，所以从这个角度讲这个要求，词是一个老词，但是有新的内涵和要求。具体我想请吴宏耀同志回答一下。
The phrase "increasing incomes and getting richer" has been used for many years, and was also mentioned in the report to the 20th CPC National Congress and in the No. 1 central document for 2023. I think it has a new meaning in the new stage. Currently, the phrase obviously means to gain common prosperity for everyone. So, from this perspective, it is an old term, but with new connotations and requirements. I'd like to invite Mr. Wu Hongyao to address this question in detail.
吴宏耀:
Wu Hongyao:
这个问题非常重要。三农工作有两个永恒的主题，一个是保供，一个是增收，所以增加农民收入确实是三农工作的一个中心任务。下面，我接着唐仁健主任的介绍回答这个问题。
This is a very important issue. The work on China's agriculture, rural areas and farmers has two main tasks: One is ensuring supplies, and the other is increasing incomes. Therefore, increasing incomes for farmers has indeed been a key task for the work on agriculture, rural areas and farmers. I'll explain more.
习近平总书记多次强调，要坚持把增加农村收入作为三农工作的中心任务，要千方百计拓宽农民增收致富渠道。党的十八大以来，农民收入持续较快增长，2019年提前一年实现收入较2010年翻一番的目标，2022年农民人均可支配收入首次突破2万元大台阶，达到了20133元，城乡居民收入比从2012年的2.88下降到2022年的2.45，城乡收入差距在逐步缩小。但也要看到，当前农民收入增速有所放缓，增收动能有所减弱，我们必须高度重视，要拿出长短结合、务实管用的硬措施，拓宽农民增收致富渠道。对此，今年一号文件作出了部署安排，重点抓好四个方面：
General Secretary Xi Jinping has stressed on many occasions that we must continue to make increasing rural incomes the central task of our work on agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and do everything possible to expand channels for farmers to increase incomes and get richer. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, farmers' incomes have continued to grow rapidly. In 2019, the target of doubling the income of 2010 was achieved one year ahead of schedule. In 2022, the per capita disposable income of rural residents exceeded 20,000 yuan for the first time, reaching 20,133 yuan. The income ratio between urban and rural residents declined from 2.88 in 2012 to 2.45 in 2022. The income gap between urban and rural residents has gradually narrowed. However, we have also noticed that the growth rate of farmers' incomes has slowed, and the driving force of income growth has weakened. We must pay close attention and take practical measures that combine both short- and long-term solutions to expand channels for farmers to increase their incomes. On this regard, the No. 1 central document this year has made arrangements, which focus on four aspects:
一是稳定就业增加一块。2022年，工资性收入占农民收入的41.96%，这是农民增收贡献的大头。我们将强化各项稳岗纾困政策落实，提高就业技能，增加就业岗位，创造就业机会，稳定农民工就业。目前，我们调查超过四分之三的农民工在省域内就业，超过一半在县域内就业，要顺应这种趋势，发展比较优势明显、带动能力强、就业容量大的县域富民产业，带动农民就近就地就业创业。
First, we need to stabilize employment. In 2022, incomes from wages and salaries accounted for 41.96% of farmers' incomes, which made the major contribution to the increase in farmers' incomes. We will strengthen the implementation of various policies to stabilize employment, improve employment skills, increase job positions, create employment opportunities and stabilize the employment of rural migrant workers. Our research shows that, currently, more than three-quarters of rural migrant workers are employed within their provinces; and more than half are employed in their counties. We should follow this trend and develop county-level industries which have competitive advantages, strong motivational ability and large employment capacity, so as to encourage rural residents to find jobs and start businesses locally.
二是经营增效提升一块。家庭经营净收入占农民收入的34.63%，其中六成多来自农业经营收入。我们将深入开展新型农业经营主体提升行动，带动小农户合作经营，共同增收。实施农业社会化服务促进行动，通过提供代耕代种、代管代收、全程托管等社会化服务，带动小农户实现节本增效、提质增效、营销增效。
Second, we will focus on increasing the effectiveness of the operation. The net income from household operations accounted for 34.63% of farmers' income. Among them, over 60% comes from agricultural operating income. We will cultivate new types of agribusinesses and improve commercial services catering to small agricultural households, to improve farmers' income. We will carry out a promotional campaign to offer services for agriculture businesses to help plant and harvest crops and even manage everything involved in the agricultural production process. Then, we can encourage small household farmers to save costs, improve quality and promote marketing.
三是财产收入挖潜一块。财产净收入占农民收入的2.53%，还有很大潜力和空间可以挖掘。我们将深化农村土地制度改革，扎实搞好确权，稳步推进赋权，有序实现活权，赋予农民更加充分的财产权益，创造条件增加农民财产性收入，让农民更多分享改革红利。
Third, we will tap the potential of property income. Net property income accounted for 2.53% of farmers' income. There is still much potential and space to be tapped. We will deepen the reform of the rural land system to ensure the affirmation of rights to contract rural lands, promote endowment steadily, and protect the flexible management rights in an orderly way so that farmers can increase property income and enjoy the dividends of the reform.
四是转移收入拓展一块。转移净收入占农民收入的20.88%，是农民特别是脱贫人口、农村低收入人口收入的重要组成部分。我们将继续加大强农惠农富农政策力度，逐步提高农村社会保障水平，稳步增加对农民的补助补贴，筑牢社会安全底网，让农民群众腰包越来越鼓，日子越过越红火。谢谢大家。
Fourth, we will pay more attention to transferring income. Farmers' net transfer income accounted for 20.88% of their income. It is an important component of farmers' income, especially those lifted out of poverty and those with low incomes in rural areas. We will continue to beef up policy support to strengthen agriculture, benefit farmers, and raise rural living standards. We will ensure that the social security level is improved in rural areas and that farmers get more subsidies. By doing so, we aim to provide a safety net concerning social security and ensure people prosper in rural areas. Thank you.
唐仁健:
Tang Renjian:
刚才讲到农民增收是中心任务，大家要注意，还有粮食安全，那是首要任务。中心任务和首要任务都很重要，在实践上要处理好两者的关系，统筹兼顾好。
We just mentioned that increasing farmers' incomes is the central task of the work concerning agriculture, rural areas, and farmers. Moreover, we should note that food security is a top priority. We need to handle holistically the relationship between these two tasks, which are both vital to our development.
红星新闻记者:
Red Star News:
我的问题是，农村改革是乡村振兴的法宝。请问今年中央一号文件在深化农村改革，激活农村资源要素、激发内在活力方面提出了哪些新任务新要求？谢谢。
The launch of rural reform is the key to the rural revitalization strategy. According to the No. 1 central document for 2023, what new tasks and requirements have been pushed forward to advance rural reform, stimulate production factors and resources in rural areas, and spur internal creativity? Thank you.
吴宏耀:
Wu Hongyao:
今年的中央一号文件讲到两个驱动，一个是科技创新驱动，一个是制度创新驱动，也就是改革。下面我回答这个问题。
The No. 1 central document for 2023 mentioned two drivers: scientific and technological innovation and institutional innovation, i.e. reform. I will answer your question.
习近平总书记强调，加快建设农业强国，迫切需要改革来增动力、添活力。新时代新征程深化农村改革总的思路是，继续把住处理好农民和土地关系这条主线，把强化集体所有制根基、保障和实现农民集体成员权利同激活资源要素统一起来，搞好农村集体资源资产的权利分置和权能完善，让广大农民在改革中分享更多成果。今年中央一号文件主要从三个方面作出了部署安排。
General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed the need to rely on reform to speed up building strong agriculture. The overall idea for deepening rural reform in the new era and on the new journey is to continue to handle the relationship between farmers and land properly. We must align strengthening the foundation of collective ownership, safeguarding and realizing the rights of farming collective members with activating resource elements to improve the separation of rights and interests over rural collective resources and assets. We need to ensure farmers can share more of the fruits of reform. In the No. 1 central document for 2023, we have made deployments and arrangements from three areas.
一是深化农村土地制度改革。主要是统筹推进农村承包地、宅基地、集体经营性建设用地三块地的改革。承包地方面，重点是稳步推进第二轮土地承包到期后再延长30年试点，逐步扩大试点范围，坚持大稳定小调整，确保大多数农户原有承包权保持稳定、顺利延包，有条件的地方可在农民自愿的前提下，结合农田集中连片整理探索解决细碎化的问题。宅基地方面，重点是稳慎推进农村宅基地制度改革试点，聚焦保障居住、管住乱建、盘活闲置，在确权登记颁证基础上加强规范管理，探索完善集体所有权、农户资格权、宅基地使用权等权利内容及其配置的实现形式。集体经营性建设用地方面，重点是深化农村集体经营性建设用地入市试点，要探索建立兼顾国家、农村集体经济组织和农民利益的土地增值收益有效调节机制。
First, we will deepen reforms of the rural land system. We will mainly advance reform concerning rural contracted land, residential land, and collective land for development purposes. With regard to contracted land, we will steadily advance trials on extending the second round of rural land contracts for another 30 years upon expiration. We will gradually expand the scope of the pilot scheme, uphold the principle of maintaining overall stability and making minor adjustments to ensure the original contract rights of most farmers remain stable and are smoothly extended. In regions where conditions permit, we will explore resolving the fragmentation of farmland based on the premise of farmers' willingness. In terms of rural residential land, we will give priority to advancing trial reforms on rural land designated for housing in a steady and prudent fashion. Focusing on ensuring housing, controlling illegal construction, making use of idled land, and based on the work to determine, register, and certify both land and house rights, we will strengthen management and explore ways to achieve the separation of ownership, entitlement, and right to use of rural land designated for housing. Concerning rural collective land for development purposes, we will focus on advancing trials for marketing rural collective land for development purposes. We will establish effective regulatory mechanisms for distributing revenues from the appreciation in land values between the state, rural collective economic organizations, and farmers.
二是发展新型农村集体经济。重点是做好农村集体产权制度改革的下半篇文章，巩固拓展改革成果。既要抓好运行机制的完善，推动构建产权关系明晰、治理架构科学、经营方式稳健、收益分配合理的运行机制；也要探索多样化发展途径，推行资源发包、物业出租、居间服务、资产参股等多种模式，提高集体经济收入和服务带动能力。同时，要健全农村集体资产监管体系，充分保障集体成员的知情权、参与权、监督权。
Second, we will develop new collective economies in rural areas. We will continue to advance the reform of the rural collective property rights system and consolidate and expand its achievements. We will work to improve the operation mechanism, advancing the development of an operation mechanism with clear property rights, sound governance structures, steady ways of operation, and reasonable distribution of benefits. We will also explore diversified means to develop new collective economies in rural areas and promote various models, including the contract of resources, the rental of property, the intermediary services, and the share participation of assets. At the same time, we will improve the regulatory system for rural collective assets and fully protect collective members’ rights to know, participate, and supervise.
三是推进县域城乡融合发展。县域是城和乡的结合点，是经济社会发展的基本单元，在扩大国内需求、构建新发展格局中，有着巨大的潜力空间。这些年我们也可以看到，越来越多的农业转移人口在县域内就近就业创业，选择到县城落户。我国现有9.1亿城镇常住人口中，有近1/3在县城和县级市城区居住。要适应这个发展趋势，以县域为重要切入点，健全城乡融合发展的体制机制和政策体系，畅通城乡要素流动。统筹县域城乡规划建设，梯度配置县乡村公共资源，深入推进县域农民工市民化，逐步在县域打破城乡界限，把县域打造成连接工农、融合城乡的重要纽带。谢谢。
Third, we will promote integrated urban-rural development in counties. Counties connect urban and rural areas and serve as basic units of economic and social development. They have huge potential in helping expand domestic demands and foster a new development pattern. Over the years, we have seen that more and more people who have moved from rural to urban areas seek employment and start businesses in counties and gain permanent urban residency there. There are 910 million permanent urban residents in China, and nearly one-third of them live in the urban areas of counties and county-level cities. Based on that, we will take counties as a focal point and improve institutions and mechanisms, and policy systems for urban-rural integrated development to ensure the smooth flow of factors of production between urban and rural areas. We will coordinate the planning and development of urban and rural areas in counties; allocate public resources in counties, townships, and villages in an incremental manner; and continue to grant permanent urban residency to rural migrant workers in counties. With all these efforts, we will gradually break the barriers between urban and rural areas in counties and build counties as an important bond for industry-agriculture and urban-rural synergies. Thank you.
唐仁健:
Tang Renjian:
有一点我强调一下，刚才宏耀的回答和今年中央一号文件实际上都讲了新型农村集体经济，新型农村集体经济说了很多年，到底什么样、怎么发展，以前没有明确规定，这次实际上是讲了发展一个什么样的新型农村集体经济，就是产权关系明晰、治理架构科学、经营方式稳健、收益分配合理，这四句话。怎么发展新型农村集体经济呢？也是四条途径：资源发包、物业出租、居间服务、资产参股。所以这一点我提醒一下，新型农村集体经济的内在规律性和发展路径，这次实际上是回答了。
Let me emphasize how Mr. Wu Hongyao’s answer just now and this year’s No. 1 central document both mention new collective economies in rural areas. New collective economies in rural areas have been talked about for many years, but it has not been stated explicitly what the new collective economy is and how to develop it. This time, we actually make clear the new collective economy that we will develop, which can be generalized into four aspects. That is the economy with an operation mechanism with clear property rights, sound governance structures, steady ways of operation, and reasonable distribution of benefits. How to develop the new collective economy in rural areas? There are also four aspects, including promoting various models, including the contract of resources, the rental of property, the intermediary services, and the share participation of assets. Therefore, I would like to make this point clear that answers have been provided concerning innate laws and pathways of development of the new collective economy in rural areas.
中国日报记者:
China Daily:
党的二十大提出，要建设宜居宜业的和美乡村，请问今年中央一号文件对此作出了哪些具体的部署？谢谢。
According to the report to the 20th CPC National Congress, we will build a beautiful and harmonious countryside that is desirable to live and work in. What specific arrangements have been made in this regard in the No. 1 central document for 2023? Thank you.
刘焕鑫:
Liu Huanxin:
谢谢这位记者的提问。习近平总书记强调，建设宜居宜业和美乡村是农业强国的应有之义。从美丽乡村到宜居宜业和美乡村，是对乡村建设内涵和目标的进一步丰富和拓展，突出强调乡村建设既要见物也要见人，既要塑形也要铸魂，既要抓物质文明也要抓精神文明，实现乡村由表及里、形神兼备的全面提升。今年的中央一号文件对建设宜居宜业和美乡村作出了具体部署，重点是硬件、软件两手抓。
Thank you for your question. General Secretary Xi Jinping has stressed that building a beautiful and harmonious countryside that is desirable to live and work in is integral to building China's strength in agriculture. From building a beautiful countryside to a beautiful and harmonious countryside that is desirable to live and work in, the content and goal of rural development have been further enriched and broadened. It also underlines how rural development should focus on both material elements and the people and work on advancing material and cultural progress to achieve the all-around development of rural areas. The No. 1 central document for 2023 has made specific arrangements concerning building a beautiful and harmonious countryside that is desirable to live and work in, with a focus on advancing both material and cultural development.
一手抓硬件建设，逐步让农村基本具备现代生活条件。党的二十大报告将农村基本具备现代生活条件作为到2035年国家发展的总体目标之一。去年中办、国办已经印发《乡村建设行动实施方案》。我们将以农村人居环境整治提升、乡村基础设施建设、基本公共服务能力提升等为重点，有力有序推进乡村建设，着力构建三个机制。一是规划引领机制。适应城乡格局、乡村形态变化，统筹推进城乡基础设施和公共服务体系规划建设，集中力量先抓好普惠性、基础性、兜底性民生建设，优先安排既方便生活又促进生产的建设项目。二是风貌引导机制。把原生态乡土特点彰显出来，把现代化生活元素融入进去，确保乡村既有空间完整性和设施现代性，又有历史纵深感和时代痕迹的“年轮”，留住乡风乡韵乡愁。三是农民参与机制。尊重农民意愿，建什么、怎么建、怎么管，多听群众意见，引导农民全程参与乡村建设。
First, we will work to promote material development and ensure modern standards of living in rural areas. The report to the 20th CPC National Congress has taken ensuring modern standards of living in rural areas as one of China's overall development objectives by 2035. Last year, the general offices of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council issued the Action Plan on Rural Construction. We will focus on improving rural living environments, rural infrastructure, and basic public services and advance rural development in an effective and orderly manner. We will give priority to establishing three mechanisms. First, we will build the mechanism that gives full play to the guiding role of rural development plans. In response to the changes in urban-rural structure and new forms of the countryside, we will advance the planning and construction of urban and rural infrastructure and public service systems in a coordinated way. We will pool resources to work on projects that are inclusive, meet essential needs, and ensure basic living standards for people in difficulty. We will also give priority to programs that both bring convenience to people’s lives and promote production. Second, we will build a mechanism that improves the features of the countryside. The original features of the countryside will be demonstrated, and elements of modern life will also be incorporated. We will ensure the integrity of the space and modernization of the infrastructure and preserve the history and original features so as to preserve the customs and charms of the countryside and retain its cultural roots. Third, we will build the mechanism for farmers’ participation. We will respect farmers’ aspirations; widely listen to public opinions on what to build, how to build, and how to manage; and guide farmers to participate in the whole process of rural construction.
一手抓软件建设，着力塑造人心和善、和睦安宁的乡村精神风貌。我国自古以来崇尚“和”的理念，农业生产讲求得时之和、适地之宜，农村生活讲求人心和善、以和为贵，村落民居讲求顺应山水、和于四时。要把“和”的理念贯穿乡村建设始终，滋润人心、德化人心、凝聚人心，确保农村人心向善、稳定安宁。一是整合载体加强和改进乡村治理。完善网格化整理、精细化服务、信息化支撑的基层治理平台，把积分制、清单制等行之有效的抓手整合起来，把各部门的力量统筹起来，提升乡村治理效能。二是创新抓手加强农村精神文明建设。从农民需要出发，从农民喜好着手，增加富有农耕农趣农味、体现和谐和顺和美的乡村文化产品和服务供给。持续推进农村移风易俗，通过制定规范、强化村规民约、党员干部带头示范等方式，狠刹不良风气，努力成风化俗。
Second, we will work to promote cultural development in the countryside and foster a prevailing ethos of kindness, friendship, harmony, and peace. Since ancient times, China has valued the idea of harmony. People follow the laws of nature and take local conditions into consideration in agricultural production. In rural living, people pursue kindness and friendship and value peace and harmony. The villages and settlements are in harmony with the environment and nature. The idea of harmony shall be upheld throughout the process of rural construction to nurture people, educate people, and unite people so as to ensure good social morality and peace and stability in the countryside. First, we will integrate carriers to strengthen and improve rural governance. We will improve primary-level social governance platforms featuring grid-based management, meticulous services, and IT support and integrate effective systems, including a points-based system and the list system. We will also pool the strengths of various departments in a coordinated way to improve rural governance efficacy. Second, we will take innovative measures to advance progress in culture and ethics in the countryside. Based on the needs and desires of farmers, we will provide more interesting, farming-related rural cultural products and services that showcase harmonious living, amicable relationships, and beautiful surroundings in the countryside. We will continue to update outmoded and undesirable habits and customs, and prevent unhealthy tendencies and make extensive efforts to promote good habits and customs in the countryside by formulating regulations, improving village rules and regulations, and making party members and officials serve as role models.
唐仁健:
Tang Renjian:
从美丽乡村到和美乡村，一字之变，内涵确是极丰极深。谢谢。
From a beautiful countryside to a beautiful and harmonious countryside, with one word – change – our goals have become richer and deeper. Thank you.
香港中评社记者:
CRNTT:
产业振兴是乡村振兴的重中之重，未来在落实好产业帮扶政策，让“土特产”产业推动乡村振兴方面有哪些考虑？谢谢。
The development of industries is a top priority on the agenda of rural revitalization. What are your considerations concerning implementing supportive policies in this regard and enabling the industry of local specialties to advance rural revitalization? Thank you.
唐仁健:
Tang Renjian:
刚才，有一个题讲到促进农民增收致富，实际上背后最重要的支撑就是产业振兴。所以，习近平总书记明确指出，产业振兴是乡村振兴的重中之重，而且是放到五大振兴之首，并且在去年底中央农村工作会议上，明确要求重点要做好“土特产”三个字文章。今年的中央一号文件据此对乡村产业高质量发展作出了具体部署，重点从四个方面来下功夫。
Just now, there was a question about increasing the income of farmers, behind which the most important support is actually the development of industries. General Secretary Xi Jinping has made it clear that the development of industries is the most important on the agenda of rural revitalization, and it tops the “five priorities” of rural revitalization. He also made clear requirements that particular attention should be paid to local specialties at the Central Rural Work Conference held last year end. In this year’s No. 1 central document, specific arrangements have been made concerning the high-quality development of rural industries. Priorities will be given to the following four aspects.
一是在彰显特色上下功夫。乡村产业发展的关键是用好一方水土，开发乡土资源，这就是土。形形色色的农副产品，山清水秀的田园风光，耕读传家的文化传统，都是乡村很吸引人的地方，也是乡村产业发展的独特土壤。要适应市场需求的变化，紧紧依托农业农村特色资源，开发农业多种功能、挖掘乡村多元价值，也就是“两个多”，因地制宜选准产业发展的突破口，把乡村资源优势、生态优势、文化优势转化为产品优势、产业优势，增强市场竞争力和可持续发展能力。
First, we will work on promoting specialties. The development of rural industries depends on making good use of local resources. That is their specialty: diversified agricultural and sideline products, beautiful countryside sceneries, and traditional culture that values farming and education. All of these are attractive features of the countryside and provide unique conditions for the development of rural industries. We should accommodate changes in the market demand and make full use of the special resources of agriculture and rural areas to develop a variety of agricultural functions and multiple types of value in rural areas. We will make breakthroughs in the development of industries in accordance with the local conditions and turn the advantages in resources, eco-environment, and culture into advantages in products and industries to strengthen competitiveness and capacity for sustainable development.
二是在产业融合上下功夫。重点是发挥三次产业融合的乘数效应，接二连三，大家对这个都很熟悉了，着力强龙头、补链条、兴业态、树品牌。在纵向上，贯通产加销，做大做强农产品加工流通业，培育发展预制菜产业，提升净菜、中央厨房等产业标准化和规范化水平，促进农产品就地加工转化增值，推动农村由卖原字号向卖制成品转变。在横向上，融合农文旅，加快发展面向城乡居民消费需求的现代乡村服务业，刚才讲新型农村集体经济的居间服务，实际上很大程度就是这个，鼓励发展乡村餐饮购物、文化、体育、旅游休闲、养老托幼、信息中介等生活服务，推动农村由卖产品向同时卖服务转变。刚才讲一个原字号向制成品，这里由卖产品向卖服务转变。
Second, we will work to promote industrial integration. We will focus on giving full play to the role of the multiplier effect brought about by the three industrial integrations, which we are all familiar with, and work to develop leading enterprises, strengthen weak links, boost all forms of business, and establish self-developed brands. We will break barriers between the production, processing, and sale of agricultural products and develop agricultural products processing and distribution industries. We will foster industries for precooked dishes and improve the standardization of industries for fresh-cut vegetables and the central production kitchen. We will also promote the local conversion and processing of agricultural products and promote transformation from selling raw materials to processed products. We will promote the integration of agricultural, cultural, and tourism industries and accelerate the modern rural service industry, meeting the consumption needs of urban and rural residents. The intermediary services in the new collective economies in the rural areas we just mentioned also refer to that. We will encourage the development of shopping, culture, sport, tourism, elderly care, and child care along with information intermediaries and other daily life services and promote the transformation from selling products to selling both products and services. We just talked about the transformation from selling raw materials to processed products. This is the transformation from selling products to selling both products and services.
三是在优化布局上下功夫。培育壮大县域富民产业，以各类产业园区建设为抓手，完善县乡村产业空间布局，立足整个县域统筹规划发展，科学布局生产、加工、销售、消费等环节。着力提升县域产业承载和配套服务功能，增强重点镇集聚功能，引导农产品加工企业向产地下沉，向园区集中，打造城乡联动的产业集群。
Third, we will optimize the layout. We will foster and develop county-level industries that benefit the people. We will prioritize the construction of industrial parks and zones and improve the layout of industries at the county, township, and village levels. We will take the whole county into consideration when making development plans and make a reasonable layout of production, processing, sales, consumption, and other sectors. We will work to improve the carrying capacity and supporting services of county-level industries and give better play to the role of major towns in attracting people. We will guide agricultural product processing enterprises to locate in product origin centers and industrial parks. With all these efforts, we will build industrial clusters that connect urban and rural areas.
四是在联农带农上下功夫。前面讲三条，如果归结到最后不联农、不带农，意义就不那么大。一方面，要引导企业发挥自身优势，在带动农户、服务农户中发展壮大自己，完善联农带农利益联结机制，加快形成企业和农户在产业链上优势互补、分工合作这么一个格局，把产业增值收益更多留给农民。另一方面，完善社会资本投资农业农村的指引，既充分鼓励引导他们下乡，但另一方面也对下乡的资本在引入、使用、退出等方面进行全过程监管，目的就是最后要让农民最大限度受益，切实保障农民的利益。谢谢。
Fourth, we will work on connecting and leading farmers. The above-mentioned three measures will make little sense if without doing a good job in connecting and leading farmers. We will guide enterprises to make full use of their advantages and to develop themselves in the process of leading and serving farmers. We will improve the mechanism from which farmers can benefit from a closer integration into agricultural industrial chains, and accelerating the development of the pattern featuring mutual complementarity and division of labor between enterprises and farmers, so as to leave more benefits to farmers as industries produce more value. Moreover, we will improve guidance for nongovernmental businesses to invest in agriculture and rural areas. While encouragement and guidance will be provided, whole-process supervision will also be carried out concerning the introduction, use, and exit of nongovernmental businesses. By doing so, farmers can gain benefits to the greatest extent, and their interests will be safeguarded. Thank you.
陈文俊:
Chen Wenjun:
谢谢各位发布人，谢谢各位媒体朋友，今天的发布会就到这里，再见。
Thanks to all the speakers and friends from the media. Today’s briefing is hereby concluded. See you!
本文来源：国新办
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