双语：二十大新闻中心第二场记者招待会
陈文俊：
Chen Wenjun:
女士们、先生们，各位中外记者朋友，下午好！欢迎出席中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会新闻中心举办的记者招待会。
Ladies and gentlemen, friends from the media, good afternoon. Welcome to the press conference held by the Press Center for the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC).
今天我们邀请三位党代表围绕“坚定不移全面从严治党，深入推进新时代党的建设新的伟大工程”主题，与大家进行交流。这三位党代表是：中央纪委副书记、国家监委副主任肖培同志，中央组织部副部长徐启方同志，中央政策研究室副主任田培炎同志，下面先请肖培同志作介绍。
Today, we have invited three delegates to the 20th CPC National Congress to brief you on exercising full and rigorous Party self-governance and advancing the great new project of Party building in the new era. They are Mr. Xiao Pei, deputy secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI) of the CPC and vice chairman of the National Supervisory Commission; Mr. Xu Qifang, deputy director of the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee; and Mr. Tian Peiyan, deputy director of the Policy Research Office of the CPC Central Committee.
Now, let's give the floor to Mr. Xiao Pei for his introduction.
中央纪委副书记、国家监委副主任肖培：
Xiao Pei:
女士们，先生们，朋友们：大家好！昨天，举国关注、举世瞩目的中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会隆重开幕。倾听习近平总书记的报告，领会对党的建设作出的战略部署，就会回想起新时代全面从严治党的非凡历程。从总书记党的二十大报告中，真切地感受到强烈的信仰感召、强大的精神力量。
Ladies and gentlemen, friends, good afternoon. The 20th CPC National Congress opened yesterday, drawing widespread attention both at home and abroad. General Secretary Xi Jinping's report laying out the strategic arrangements for advancing Party building is a reminder of the remarkable journey the Party has been on in exercising full and rigorous self-governance in the new era. Hearing General Secretary Xi's report, we deeply felt the inspiring convictions and a powerful source of strength.
回想十年前，党的十八大刚刚闭幕，习近平总书记在同中外记者见面时就深刻指出，人民对美好生活的向往，就是我们的奋斗目标。新形势下，我们党内存在着许多亟待解决的问题，比如腐败、脱离群众、形式主义、官僚主义等问题，全党必须警醒起来，打铁还需自身硬。
Ten years ago, when General Secretary Xi Jinping met domestic and international journalists upon the conclusion of the 18th CPC National Congress, he stressed that the Party's goal corresponded to the people's aspirations for a better life, and that under the new circumstances, there were many pressing problems within the Party that needed to be resolved, such as corruption, disengagement from the people, pointless formalities and bureaucratism. He urged all Party members to stay on full alert and keep firmly in mind the old adage that it takes a good blacksmith to forge good steel.
十年来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央把全面从严治党纳入战略布局，以“得罪千百人、不负十四亿”的使命担当，开展了史无前例的反腐败斗争，新时代全面从严治党十年磨一剑，从根本上扭转了管党治党宽松软，防止了党因腐败蔓延、“四风”肆虐、特权横行而变质褪色，防止了党被利益集团、权势团体渗透干预，赢得了保持同人民群众的血肉联系、人民衷心拥护的历史主动，赢得了全党高度团结统一、走在时代前列、带领人民实现伟大复兴的历史主动。
Over the past decade, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core exercised full and rigorous Party self-governance as part of its overall strategy, and conducted an unprecedentedly tough fight against corruption with the resolve to "offend a few thousand rather than fail 1.4 billion." With a decade of unswerving efforts, great progress has been made in the full and rigorous self-governance of the Party in the new era. We have transformed lax and weak governance over the Party; prevented the Party from betraying its essence or changing its color due to sprawling corruption, the Four Malfeasances (pointless formalities, bureaucratism, hedonism and extravagance) and pursuit of privilege; and kept the infiltration and interference from interest groups and establishment groups at bay. We have seized the historical initiative by maintaining close ties with the people and winning their heartfelt support, as well as ensuring the Party's great solidarity and unity, its position at the forefront of the times, and its role in leading the people toward great national rejuvenation.
全面从严治党，是新时代党的建设的鲜明主题。我们党把政治建设摆在首位，把坚持党中央集中统一领导作为最高政治原则，严肃党内政治生活，强化政治监督，确保党的理论和路线方针政策、党中央决策部署落实见效。我们党从制定和落实中央八项规定开局破题，以钉钉子精神纠“四风”树新风，刹住了一些长期没有刹住的歪风，纠治了一些多年未除的顽瘴痼疾，厚植了党长期执政的政治根基。
Exercising full and rigorous Party self-governance is a distinct theme of Party building in the new era. Giving top priority to its political work and upholding the centralized, unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee as its foremost political principle, the Party has made great efforts to regulate political activities and conduct within the Party and enhance political oversight to ensure that the Party's theories, guidelines, principles and policies as well as the decisions and arrangements of the CPC Central Committee achieve the desired results. The Party has started from formulating and implementing the central Party leadership's eight-point decisions on improving conduct, and continued efforts to tackle the Four Malfeasances, thus reversing unhealthy tendencies that had long gone unchecked, remedying deep-seated problems that had plagued the Party for years, and further consolidating the political foundation for the Party's long-term governance.
我们党全面加强纪律建设，严明政治纪律和政治规矩，坚持严的基调，真管真严、敢管敢严、长管长严。我们党以零容忍态度惩治腐败，一体推进不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐，坚决查处政治问题和经济问题交织的腐败案件，坚决惩治群众身边的腐败。党的十八大以来，全国纪检监察机关共立案464.8万余件，其中，立案审查调查中管干部553人，处分厅局级干部2.5万多人、县处级干部18.2万多人。反腐败斗争取得压倒性胜利并全面巩固。
The CPC has strengthened discipline in the whole Party. Remaining committed to the principle of rigorous self-governance, the Party has enforced rigorous political discipline and rules through genuine, brave and constant efforts. The Party has maintained zero tolerance of corruption and taken coordinated action to ensure that officials do not have the audacity, opportunity or desire to become corrupt. We have resolutely investigated corruption cases in which political and economic issues are intertwined and punished corruption that affects people's lives. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the discipline inspection and supervisory organs nationwide have placed 4.648 million cases on file for investigation and prosecution, among which 553 officials registered at and supervised by the CPC Central Committee were investigated and over 25,000 officials at the department or bureau level and over 182,000 officials at the county and director level were punished. An overwhelming victory has been won in the anti-corruption campaign and the success has been consolidated.
经过新时代全面从严治党的革命性锻造，走过百年奋斗历程的中国共产党风华正茂，找到了自我革命这一跳出治乱兴衰历史周期率的第二个答案。
A hundred years on from its founding, the CPC, which has undergone revolutionary tempering through full and rigorous Party self-governance in the new era, is still in its prime. It has found self-reform as the second answer to the question of how to escape the historical cycle of rise and fall.
党的二十大对坚定不移全面从严治党、深入推进新时代党的建设新的伟大工程作出战略部署，我们将更加深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，自觉用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想凝心铸魂，坚持和加强党中央集中统一领导，完善党的自我革命制度规范体系，坚持以严的基调强化正风肃纪，坚决打赢反腐败斗争攻坚战持久战，更好以党的自我革命引领社会革命，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家提供坚强保证。谢谢大家。
The 20th CPC National Congress has made strategic arrangements on exercising full and rigorous Party self-governance and advancing the great new project of Party building in the new era. We will acquire a deeper understanding of the decisive significance of the Two Affirmations (the affirmation of both Comrade Xi Jinping's core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era), and strengthen the Four Consciousnesses (consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership). We will adhere to the Four-sphere Confidence (confident in the path, the theory, the system, and the culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics), and firmly adhere to the Two Upholds (uphold Comrade Xi Jinping's core position on the CPC Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and uphold the Central Committee's authority and its centralized, unified leadership). We will consciously arm ourselves with Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We will uphold and strengthen the centralized, unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee, improve the institutions for carrying out self-reform of the Party, improve Party conduct and enforce rigorous Party discipline, and resolutely make decisive efforts to win the protracted war against corruption. The Party will better steer social transformation by engaging in self-transformation. These are firm guarantees for China's endeavor in building a modern socialist country in all respects. Thank you.
陈文俊：
Chen Wenjun:
谢谢肖培同志。下面请徐启方同志作介绍。
Thank you, Mr. Xiao Pei. Now, let's give the floor to Mr. Xu Qifang for his introduction.
中央组织部副部长徐启方：
Xu Qifang:
各位记者朋友们，女士们、先生们，非常高兴与媒体朋友见面。昨天，中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会胜利开幕，我们一起听了习近平总书记作的大会报告。这个报告主题鲜明、思想深邃，内涵丰富、博大精深，气势恢弘、催人奋进，是激励全党全国各族人民奋力谱写全面建设社会主义现代化国家崭新篇章的政治宣言和行动指南。下面，我就贯彻落实新时代党的组织路线情况作个简要介绍。
Friends from the media, ladies and gentlemen, I'm very glad to meet you. Yesterday, the 20th CPC National Congress opened and we heard the report delivered by General Secretary Xi Jinping. The report with a distinct theme is profound in thoughts and rich in connotations. It is a political declaration and a guide inspiring the whole Party and all the Chinese people to write a new chapter in building a modern socialist country in all respects. I will brief you on implementing the guiding principles for the Party's organizational work in the new era.
2018年7月，习近平总书记在全国组织工作会议上首次对党的组织路线作出完整表述并明确其科学内涵，为加强新时代党的组织建设指明了前进方向、提供了科学遵循。中央组织部和各地区各部门把学习贯彻习近平总书记重要讲话精神作为重要政治任务，着力推动新时代党的组织路线贯彻落实。
At the national conference on organizational work in July 2018, General Secretary Xi Jinping for the first time elaborated on the full content and connotations of the guiding principles for the Party's organizational work, pointing out a clear direction and offering sound guidance for strengthening the Party's organizational building in the new era. The Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee as well as local authorities and various departments across the country have studied and implemented the guiding principles of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speeches as a major political task to ensure the implementation of the guiding principles for the Party's organizational work in the new era.
一是坚持和加强党的全面领导。把党的政治建设摆在首位，全党“四个意识”不断增强，“四个自信”日益坚定，“两个维护”更加自觉，党的领导核心作用显著增强。
First, we have upheld and strengthened the Party's overall leadership. With reinforcing the Party's political foundations as the priority, we have strengthened the Four Consciousnesses, bolstered the Four-sphere Confidence, and ensured the Two Upholds with greater initiative, thus remarkably consolidating the Party's core leadership role.
二是坚持用党的创新理论凝心铸魂。把学习贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想作为首要政治任务，扎实开展“不忘初心、牢记使命”主题教育和党史学习教育，党的创新理论武装进一步走深走实。
Second, we have armed ourselves with the Party's new theories. We have studied and implemented Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as the primary political task, and carried out the campaign to raise the awareness of staying true to the original aspiration and upholding the founding mission of the Party and activities to study the history of the CPC, thus achieving more solid progress in arming ourselves with the Party's new theories.
三是完善上下贯通、执行有力的组织体系。树立大抓基层鲜明导向，在脱贫攻坚、乡村振兴、疫情防控等大战大考中，基层党组织战斗堡垒作用和党员先锋模范作用充分彰显。
Third, we have improved the organizational system featuring unimpeded communication and effective policy implementation at all levels. We have focused on building strong primary-level Party organizations, which have performed a decisive role in poverty alleviation, rural revitalization and the COVID-19 response. Party members also played an exemplary and vanguard role in these endeavors.
四是建设高素质专业化干部队伍。全面落实新时代好干部标准和忠诚干净担当要求，建立健全素质培养、知事识人、选拔任用、从严管理、正向激励五大体系，推进公务员分类管理改革，锻造了政治过硬、适应新时代要求、具备领导现代化建设能力的干部队伍。
Fourth, we have cultivated a workforce of high-quality professional officials. We fully implemented the standards of competent officials in the new era, who are expected to be loyal, honest and responsible. We built and improved five systems related to officials, namely, training professional skills, putting people in suitable posts, selection and appointment of officials, rigorous management and positive incentives. We also pushed forward the reform of the categorized management of civil servants. We have thus cultivated officials who are politically committed, meet the requirements of the new era, and are qualified to lead the country's modernization drive.
五是深入实施新时代人才强国战略。召开中央人才工作会议，加快建设世界重要人才中心和创新高地。深化人才发展体制机制改革，实施重大人才工程，推动新时代人才工作创新突破。
Fifth, we have implemented the strategy of building a high-quality workforce in the new era. A central conference on talent-related work was held, and more efforts were made to build talent centers and innovation hubs of global importance. We deepened institutional reforms for talent development, carried out key talent projects, and worked to break new ground in talent work in the new era.
六是坚持制度治党、依规治党。不断深化党的建设制度改革，党的建设科学化制度化规范化水平进一步提高。党的二十大报告对党的建设和组织工作提出了明确要求。我们要深刻学习领会、认真贯彻落实，着力抓好以下工作。
Sixth, we have remained committed to institutional, rules-based governance over the Party. We have continuously deepened the institutional reform of Party building, which has contributed to creating sounder, more systematic and standardized Party building.
一是持续推进新时代党的创新理论武装，推动各级党组织和广大党员、干部深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，坚决做到“两个维护”。
First, we will continuously arm ourselves with the Party's new theories, and motivate Party organizations at all levels and Party members and officials to step up their efforts to study Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We will work to ensure that they acquire a deep understanding of the decisive significance of the Two Affirmations, and are resolutely committed to the Two Upholds.
二是统筹抓好二十大精神的学习和集中培训，推动党员、干部把思想和行动统一到二十大精神上来。
Second, we will coordinate learning and collective training on the guiding principles of the 20th CPC National Congress to ensure that Party members and officials follow the guidance of the 20th CPC National Congress through unified thought and action.
三是始终胸怀“国之大者”，坚持不懈选干部、聚人才、抓基层，推进新时代党的组织工作高质量发展，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家、全面推进中华民族伟大复兴提供坚强组织保证。我先介绍这些，谢谢！
Third, we must bear in mind China's fundamental interests, make unremitting efforts to select officials, pool talent and improve work at the primary level, as well as push forward high-quality development of the Party's organizational work in the new era, in order to provide strong organizational support for building a modern socialist country in all respects and advancing the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. That is all from me. Thank you.
陈文俊：
Chen Wenjun:
谢谢徐启方同志，下面请田培炎同志作介绍。
Thank you, Mr. Xu Qifang. Now, let's give the floor to Mr. Tian Peiyan for his introduction.
中央政策研究室副主任田培炎：
Tian Peiyan:
各位记者朋友，大家好！这里，我简单介绍一下新时代党的建设理论创新成果的情况。
Friends from the press, good afternoon. Here, I'd like to brief you on the achievements in theoretical innovations in Party building.
党的十八大以来，习近平总书记根据形势任务发展对党的领导、党的建设提出的新要求，紧紧围绕回答建设什么样的长期执政的马克思主义政党、怎样建设长期执政的马克思主义政党这个根本问题，深入探索共产党执政规律和党的自身建设规律，提出一系列具有开创性意义的管党治党新理念新思想新战略，取得重大理论成果，为丰富和发展马克思主义建党学说作出重要原创性贡献。
Since the 18th CPC National Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping has, in light of the new requirements for Party leadership and building based on the development of conditions and tasks, and concentrating on answering the fundamental questions of what kind of long-term governing Marxist party the Party should build itself into and how to build such a party, thoroughly explored the laws on governance by a communist party and its self-building, put forward a series of new concepts, ideas and strategies for governance over the Party, and made significant theoretical achievements and ground-breaking contributions to enriching and developing Marxist party building theory.
这些理论成果内容十分丰富，概括起来主要有：提出新时代党的建设总要求，明确新时代党的建设方针、主线、着力点、总体布局和目标；提出全面从严治党的战略方针，强调全面从严治党基础在全面、关键在严、要害在治，必须真管真严、敢管敢严、长管长严；提出自我革命是党跳出治乱兴衰历史周期率的第二个答案，必须增强自我净化、自我完善、自我革新、自我提高能力；
The theoretical achievements are rich in content, and can be summarized as follows. The overall requirements for Party building in the new era have been proposed, clarifying the policies, main tasks, focus, as well as overall plans and goals. The strategy for exercising full and rigorous governance over the Party has been put forward, emphasizing full governance as the foundation, rigorous governance as the pivot and governance itself as the crux to ensure such governance is conducted in a genuine, brave and constant manner. It has been pointed out that self-reform is the second answer to the question of how can the Party escape the historical cycle of rise and fall, and that the Party must boost its ability to purify, improve, renew, and excel itself.
提出中国特色社会主义最本质的特征是中国共产党领导，中国特色社会主义制度的最大优势是中国共产党领导，中国共产党是最高政治领导力量；提出党的政治建设是党的根本性建设，决定党的建设方向和效果；提出伟大建党精神是中国共产党的精神之源；提出理想信念是共产党人的精神支柱和政治灵魂，是共产党人精神上的“钙”；
It has been put forth that the Party's leadership is the defining feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics and constitutes the greatest strength of this system, and that the Party is the highest force for political leadership. It has been proposed that the Party's political building is of fundamental importance to the Party as it determines the direction and efficacy of Party building. It has been set out that the great founding spirit of the Party is the Party's source of strength, and that ideals and convictions are the source of strength, political soul and "spiritual calcium" of Chinese Communists.
提出新时代党的组织路线，明确好干部标准，强调健全上下贯通、执行有力的组织体系，增强基层党组织政治功能和组织功能；提出党的作风是党的形象，是观察党群干群关系、人心向背的晴雨表，强调作风建设永远在路上，必须常抓不懈，坚决整治形式主义、官僚主义、享乐主义、奢靡之风；提出反腐败斗争是一场输不起也决不能输的重大政治斗争，必须坚持不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐一体推进，惩治震慑、制度约束、提高觉悟一体发力；
Moreover, the guiding principles for Party's organizational work in the new era has been put forward and criteria for judging competent officials have been specified, stressing that the organizational system featuring unimpeded communication and effective policy implementation at all levels should be improved and primary-level Party organizations should be strengthened both politically and organizationally. It has also been set out that the Party's conduct amounts to its image, and, like a barometer, indicates the relationship between the Party, officials and the public, and tells us how the support of the public will shift. As such, unremitting efforts must be made to improve conduct, while the practices of pointless formalities, bureaucratism, hedonism and extravagance must be resolutely fought against. The fight against corruption is a major political struggle that the Party cannot afford to lose and must never lose. Punishments, deterrents, institutional restraint and efforts to raise political awareness should all be put in place to ensure that officials do not have the audacity, opportunity or desire to become corrupt.
提出公权力姓公，也必须为公，必须健全党和国家监督体系，强化对权力的制约和监督；提出制度治党、依规治党是全面从严治党的治本之策，必须构建系统完备、科学规范、运行有效的制度体系；提出抓好党建是最大政绩，必须落实全面从严治党责任，等等。
Public power, entrusted by the people, is and will always be exercised for public good; Party and state oversight systems should be improved, and checks and scrutiny over the exercise of power should be strengthened. Institutional building and rule-based governance over the Party should be employed as essential tools in its full and rigorous self-governance. A set of institutions that are well conceived, fully built, procedure-based, and functioning efficiently must also be developed. Sound Party building is the highest career accomplishment, and the assumption of responsibilities for exercising full and rigorous Party self-governance must be ensured.
这些理论成果为全面从严治党提供了根本遵循，在指导新时代党的建设新的伟大工程中充分彰显了强大的真理力量和实践伟力，推动党的领导全面加强，党的政治领导力、思想引领力、群众组织力、社会号召力显著提升，管党治党宽松软状况得到根本扭转，党在革命性锻造中更加坚强有力，为党和国家事业取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革提供了坚强政治保证。谢谢。
These theoretical achievements have provided the fundamental guidance for exercising full and rigorous Party self-governance, demonstrated strong power of truth and great practical significance when guiding the great new project of Party building, strengthened the overall leadership by the Party, significantly enhanced the Party's ability to provide political leadership, give theoretical guidance, organize the people, and inspire society, addressed the problem of lax and weak self-governance in Party organizations at the root, and made the Party stronger through revolutionary tempering, offering a strong political underpinning to the historic achievements and changes in the cause of the Party and the country. Thank you.
陈文俊：
Chen Wenjun:
谢谢田培炎同志。现在我们欢迎各位记者提问，提问之前请通报一下自己所在的新闻机构。
Thank you, Mr. Tian. Now the floor is open for questions. Please identify the media outlets you represent before raising questions.
《求是》杂志记者：
Qiushi Journal:
在党的二十大召开之际，党的十九届七中全会公报再次强调，全党要深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义。请问，应该如何理解“两个确立”的决定性意义？
Before the 20th CPC National Congress opened, the Communique of the Seventh Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the CPC stressed once again that all Party members must have a keen understanding of the decisive significance of the Two Affirmations. How should we understand the decisive significance of the Two Affirmations?
田培炎：
Tian Peiyan:
我来回答这个问题。“两个确立”是我们党在新时代取得的重大政治成果，是党和国家事业取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革的决定性因素。
I'll take this question. The Two Affirmations is the major political achievement made by the Party in the new era. It is the decisive factor in achieving historic achievements and bringing about landmark changes in the cause of the Party and the nation.
拥有坚强的领导核心、科学的理论指导是成熟的马克思主义政党的重要标志，是中国共产党创造百年辉煌、成就千秋伟业的成功密码。历史唯物主义科学揭示了人民在创造历史中的主体地位，同时充分肯定杰出人物在历史发展中的重要作用，认为每一个时代都要有自己的杰出人物，因为杰出人物能够正确判断时代发展大势、洞察亿万人民共同愿望，能够提出历史任务、明确未来奋斗目标，具有远大的理想追求、高超的政治智慧、强烈的历史担当，善于组织和依靠人民把共同愿望变为现实。习近平总书记就是我们这个伟大时代产生的杰出人物、众望所归的人民领袖。
A robust leadership core and well-conceived theories are the key indicators of a mature Marxist political party. Over the past century, they have guided the CPC to victory and lasting greatness. Historical materialism reveals the principal role of the people in moving history forward, while fully recognizing the important role of elites in the development of history. It holds that every era should have its own outstanding figures. This is because these elites can understand the trends of the times correctly. They develop keen insights about the common aspirations of the people, put forward historic tasks, and clarify the goals to strive for in the future. They also aim high, possess extraordinary political wisdom and a strong sense of historical responsibility, and can effectively mobilize and rely on the people to turn their common aspirations into reality. General Secretary Xi Jinping is such an outstanding figure and a leader of the people with popular confidence in our great era.
同样，拥有马克思主义科学理论指导是我们党坚定信仰信念、把握历史主动的根本所在。只有以科学的态度对待科学、以真理的精神追求真理，不断推进马克思主义中国化时代化，不断回答中国之问、世界之问、人民之问、时代之问，作出符合中国实际和时代要求的正确回答，得出符合客观规律的科学认识，党才能正确观察时代、把握时代、引领时代，永远立于不败之地。习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想就是我们党正确回答时代和实践提出的重大问题取得的最新理论成果，是当代中国马克思主义、二十一世纪马克思主义，是中华文化和中国精神的时代精华，实现了马克思主义中国化时代化新的飞跃。
Similarly, the well-conceived theoretical guidance of Marxism is the foundation of the Party to stay firm in its beliefs and convictions and seize the historical initiative. Only by treating science with a scientific attitude and pursuing truth with a truth-seeking spirit, adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, continuously responding to the questions concerning China, the world, the people and the times, making correct choices in accordance with China's realities and the expectations of the times, and gaining a well-conceived understanding that conforms to objective laws, can the Party observe, understand, and steer the trends of our times correctly and achieve lasting victory. Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is the latest theoretical achievement made by our Party in correctly responding to major questions raised by the times and practices. It is the Marxism of contemporary China and in the 21st century, embodies the essence of the times of Chinese culture and the Chinese spirit, and makes new advances in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times.
事实胜于雄辩。党的十八大以来，面对严峻复杂的国内外形势、接踵而至的巨大风险挑战、艰巨繁重的改革发展稳定任务，我们党之所以能够攻克许多长期没有解决的难题，办成许多事关长远的大事要事，推动党和国家事业取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革，实现中华民族伟大复兴进入了不可逆转的历史进程，根本在于有习近平总书记掌舵领航，有习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想科学指引。
Facts speak louder than words. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, in the face of challenging and complex environments both at home and abroad, a stream of major risks and challenges, and arduous tasks in pursuing reform, development and stability, the Party has overcome many remaining difficulties unresolved for a long time. It has achieved many major tasks that concern long-term development, made historic achievements and changes in the cause of the Party and the country, and turned China's national rejuvenation into a historical inevitability. The fundamental reason for these achievements is the leadership of General Secretary Xi Jinping and the well-conceived guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.
“两个确立”的决定性意义已经体现在新时代十年的伟大变革中，刻印在全党全军全国各族人民的心坎上，也必将充分彰显在新时代新征程党和国家事业发展新的华彩篇章之中。谢谢。
The decisive significance of the Two Affirmations has been reflected in the great changes taking place in a decade of the new era, imprinted in the mind of the Party, the armed forces and Chinese people of all ethnic groups. It will be fully demonstrated in the cause of the Party and the nation on the new journey of the new era. Thank you.
北京青年报记者：
Beijing Youth Daily:
中央办公厅印发了新修订的《推进领导干部能上能下规定》，我们注意到《规定》当中明确指出，推进领导干部能上能下重点是解决能“下”的问题，请问干部能“下”的主要情形有哪些？另外，在推进领导干部能上能下过程当中具体有哪些举措？
The General Office of the CPC Central Committee has issued a newly-revised regulation on improving the framework of systems for rigorously managing and overseeing leading officials. It points out that the key is to address the demotion issue. Under what circumstances will officials be demoted? In addition, what are the specific measures to promote and demote leading officials?
徐启方：
Xu Qifang:
谢谢这位记者朋友。今年9月8日，中共中央办公厅发布了新修订的《推进领导干部能上能下规定》，这是深化全面从严治党、管党治吏的重大举措，对于进一步健全能上能下的选人用人机制，激励广大干部奋进新征程、建功新时代，具有重要意义。
Thank you for your questions. The General Office of the CPC Central Committee released the newly-revised regulation on improving the framework of systems for rigorously managing and overseeing leading officials on Sept. 8 this year. This is a major move to practice rigorous self-discipline and governance of the Party and officials in every respect. It is of great significance to further improve the institutional arrangements of selecting and appointing talent, encouraging officials to forge ahead on the new journey to make achievements in the new era.
《规定》明确了问责、党纪政务处分、组织处理、辞职、职务任期、退休和对不适宜担任现职干部的组织调整等7种渠道。聚焦调整不适宜担任现职干部，从政治表现、理想信念、斗争精神、政绩观、执行组织纪律、担当作为、能力素质、工作作风、道德品行等方面列出15种情形。
The regulation clarified seven channels of filtering out the more mediocre officials, including being held accountable for misdeeds, receiving Party and government disciplinary punishment, being subject to the handling of the organization, resigning, being subject to the term of office, retirement, and subject to organizational adjustment for being unfit to serve in their current position. Regarding the adjustment of those unfit to serve in their current position, the regulation listed a total of 15 circumstances, including political integrity, beliefs and convictions, the spirit of struggle, the view of career achievements, the execution of organizational discipline, the willingness to fulfill responsibilities and undertake initiatives, ability and quality, the commitment to their work, and morality and conduct.
《规定》进一步优化了对不适宜担任现职干部的有关核实认定和调整程序、完善了有关调整安排方式。重点措施包括以下6个方面：
The provisions further optimize the investigation and adjustment procedures for officials who are not suited to serving in their current positions, and improve the work involving such adjustments. Key measures include the following six aspects.
一是把年度考核作为推进领导干部能上能下的重要依据，深入了解干部的政治表现、能力水平、工作实绩、作风状态、群众口碑等。二是坚持在重大任务、重大斗争一线考察识别干部，在实战考验中辨别高下、区分优劣。三是加强综合分析研判，用好干部考核考察、巡视巡察、审计、统计、个人有关事项报告、民主评议、信访等方面成果，动态掌握干部现实表现。
The first is to take the annual assessment as an important basis for promoting and demoting leading officials, and to gain an in-depth understanding of their political performance, capabilities, work performance, conduct, and public reputation.
The second is to adhere to assessing officials on the front lines of major tasks and fights, and to distinguish between superiors and inferiors in actual competency tests.
The third is to strengthen comprehensive analysis, make good use of various findings — including officials' performance evaluations, disciplinary inspections, audits, statistics, reports on relevant personal matters, public assessments, and public complaints — and dynamically grasp the actual performance of officials.
四是严格落实责任，把《规定》执行情况纳入党委（党组）履行全面从严治党主体责任、“一报告两评议”、巡视巡察、选人用人专项检查等内容，纳入党委（党组）书记年度考核述职内容。五是建立纪实报备制度，要求每年向上级报备上年度相关情况，推进能上能下常态化。六是加强舆论宣传，推动形成能上能下的社会环境和舆论氛围。谢谢。
The fourth is to strictly fulfill duties. We include the implementation of the provisions in the work of Party committees (leading Party members groups) to fulfill their main responsibility of exercising full and rigorous Party self-governance, deliver an annual report on officials' selection and appointment and receive public assessment, carry out disciplinary inspections, and launch special inspections on the selection and appointment of officials. It is also included in the annual work reports of secretaries of Party committees (leading Party members groups).
The fifth is to establish a documentary reporting system. We require that the relevant situation of the previous year be reported to the authorities at a higher level on an annual basis, and advance the common practice concerning promotions and demotions among leading officials.
The sixth is to raise public awareness and create a social environment and atmosphere of public oversight for the promotion and demotion of officials. Thank you.
中央广播电视总台记者：
China Media Group:
我的问题是习近平总书记在党的二十大报告中指出，我们开展了史无前例的反腐败斗争。请问我们如何看待这十年来反腐败斗争取得的成就？
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in the report to the 20th CPC National Congress that we have launched an unprecedented anti-corruption campaign. How should we view the achievements of the past decade in the fight against corruption?
肖培：
Xiao Pei:
腐败是最容易颠覆政权的问题，反腐败就是最彻底的自我革命。党的二十大报告作出重大判断：新时代我们开展了史无前例的反腐败斗争，取得压倒性胜利并全面巩固。党的十八大以来，在我刚才讲的中央纪委国家监委立案审查调查的553名中管干部当中，含十八届中央委员、中央候补委员49人，十八届中央纪委委员12人；十九届中央委员、中央候补委员12人，十九届中央纪委委员6人。全国纪检监察机关共立案审查调查各级“一把手”20.7万人。我们党依靠制度优势、法治优势，以“恶竹应须斩万竿”的坚定意志，书写了反腐败斗争的历史新篇章。反腐败斗争十年磨一剑，一刻不停歇。我们党坚持有腐必反、有贪必肃，兑现了习近平总书记十八大后提出的“不论什么人，不论其职务多高，只要触犯了党纪国法，都要受到严肃追究和严厉惩处，决不是一句空话”的承诺。
Corruption is the easiest way to overthrow a government. As such, anti-corruption is the most thorough self-reform. It is an important judgment made in the report to the 20th CPC National Congress that we have launched an unprecedented fight against corruption in the new era, and an overwhelming victory has been achieved during this anti-corruption campaign and consolidated in an all-round way. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, among the 553 officials registered at and supervised by the CPC Central Committee who have been examined and investigated by the CCDI of the CPC and the National Supervisory Commission, there were 49 full members or alternate members of the 18th CPC Central Committee, 12 members of the 18th CCDI, 12 full members or alternate members of the 19th CPC Central Committee, and six members of the 19th CCDI. A total of 207,000 leading officials at all levels have been examined and investigated by the discipline inspection and supervision departments nationwide. Relying on the advantages of our system and the rule of law, the Party has written a new chapter in the history of the fight against corruption with a firm resolve to "root up rotten ones." The anti-corruption campaign has been carried out for 10 years and never stops, just as a blacksmith spends years in honing the perfect blade. The Party has always insisted that all those involved in corruption and embezzlement must be prosecuted and punished, fulfilling General Secretary Xi Jinping's statement after the 18th CPC National Congress that: "Without exception and regardless of how high their position, no one will be immune from investigation, and violators will be heavily punished for any contravention of laws and Party discipline. It is by no means an empty promise."
第一，我们党加强了党中央对反腐败工作的集中统一领导。中央纪委和改革后组建的国家监察委员会合署办公，实现了反腐败领导体制的重塑、组织机构的重塑、工作力量的重塑、责任体系的重塑、执纪执法机制的重塑。
First, the CPC has strengthened the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee over anti-corruption work. The CCDI has been working together with the National Supervisory Commission which was established during the restructuring of the Chinese government. That has helped to reshape the anti-corruption leadership system, the organizational structure, the work force, the responsibility system, and the discipline enforcement mechanism.
第二，腐败蔓延势头得到坚决遏制。党的十九大以来，纪检监察机关查处涉嫌贪污贿赂犯罪7.4万多人，其中首次贪腐行为发生在党的十八大前的占48%，首次贪腐行为发生在党的十九大后的占11%，这就表明，不收敛不收手的问题得到有力遏制，减存量遏增量有力有效。在高压震慑和政策感召下，党的十九大以来共有8万多人向纪检监察机关主动投案。与此同时，信访举报量连续四年下降，2021年比2018年下降了29.9%。
Second, the spread of corruption has been decisively stemmed. Since the 19th CPC National Congress, discipline inspection and supervision departments have investigated and prosecuted more than 74,000 people suspected of corruption and bribery. Among them, 48% were involved in corruption for the first time before the 18th CPC National Congress and 11% after the 19th CPC National Congress, which shows that the continuous endeavors to fight corruption have made effective achievements, greatly reducing corruption and curbing its occurrence. Inspired by strict constraints, deterrence and policies, more than 80,000 people have voluntarily turned themselves into the discipline inspection and supervision departments since the 19th CPC National Congress. At the same time, the number of tip-offs and complaint letters has declined for four years in a row, with a drop of 29.9% in 2021 compared with that in 2018.
第三，严厉整治群众身边的“蝇贪”。党的十八大后召开的十八届中央纪委二次全会上，习近平总书记就要求，坚持“老虎”、“苍蝇”一起打。党心民心为之一振。新时代十年，我们党坚持人民至上，“老虎”露头就要打，“苍蝇”乱飞也要拍，坚决纠治漠视群众利益的各类问题。党的十八大以来，全国纪检监察机关总共查处涉及教育医疗、养老社保、执法司法等民生领域的腐败和作风问题65万多件，让群众切身感受到全面从严治党就在身边、正风肃纪反腐就在身边。人民群众满意度明显提高。中央纪委连续十年和国家统计局合作开展民意调查，今年调查结果显示，97.4%的群众认为全面从严治党卓有成效，这个数字比2012年提高了22.4%。99%的群众认为，党中央正风肃纪反腐的举措，体现了我们党彻底的自我革命精神。
Third, cracking down on corruption of low-ranking officials which directly affects ordinary people's lives. At the second plenary session of the 18th CCDI held after the 18th CPC National Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping required that we should target both "tigers" (high-ranking corrupt officials) and "flies" (low-ranking corrupt officials). It won the respect and trust of the Chinese people. Over the past decade of the new era, the Party has always put the people first. We have cracked down on "tigers" and "flies." Moreover, we have firmly tackled the problems that were ignoring the people's interests. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, discipline inspection and supervisory authorities nationwide have investigated and handled over 650,000 cases of corruption and misconduct in areas related to people's livelihoods, such as education, medical care, pensions and social security, law enforcement and the judiciary. It has made the people feel that they have benefited from the Party's efforts to follow the full and rigorous self-governance and to fight against corruption. People's satisfaction has been significantly improved. The CCDI and the National Bureau of Statistics have jointly conducted public opinion surveys for the past 10 years. This year's survey shows that 97.4% of the respondents believe that the full and rigorous self-governance of the Party has been effective, up 22.4 percentage points from 2012. Furthermore, 99% of the respondents believed that the measures taken by the CPC Central Committee to tighten discipline, improve Party conduct and fight corruption reflected the Party's spirit of self-reform.
党的二十大报告指出，全面从严治党永远在路上，党的自我革命永远在路上。只要存在腐败问题产生的土壤和条件，反腐败斗争就一刻不能停，必须永远吹冲锋号。反腐败只能进、不能退，要坚决打赢反腐败斗争攻坚战持久战，不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐一体推进，健全防止腐败滋生蔓延的体制机制，使严厉惩治、规范权力、教育引导协调联动，取得更多制度性成果和更大治理效能。谢谢大家。
The report to the 20th CPC National Congress points out that full and rigorous self-governance is an unceasing endeavor and that self-reform is a journey to which there is no end. As long as the breeding grounds and conditions for corruption still exist, we must keep sounding the bugle and never rest, not even for a minute, in our fight against corruption. The anti-corruption campaign can only be advanced, not retreated. We will endeavor to win the tough and protracted battle against corruption. Moreover, we will take coordinated action to make officials not dare, not able, and not want to commit corruption. We will improve systems and mechanisms to prevent the spread of corruption so that severe punishment, regulation of the use of power, education and guidance will be coordinated and linked, and we can achieve more institutional results and greater effects in governance. Thank you.
巴通社记者：
Associated Press of Pakistan:
中共二十大报告指出，中国共产党作为世界上最大的马克思主义执政党，要始终赢得人民拥护、巩固长期执政地位，必须时刻保持解决大党独有难题的清醒和坚定。对此应该怎样理解？
The 20th CPC National Congress report said that as the largest Marxist governing party in the world, the CPC must always stay alert and determined to tackle the special challenges that a large party faces so as to maintain the people's support and consolidate its position as a long-term governing party. What are your comments on this?
田培炎：
Tian Peiyan:
我来回答这个问题，这是习近平总书记对我们党所处历史方位、面临形势任务、党情发展变化进行深刻分析作出的重大论断，体现了新时代新征程我们党管党治党的战略自信、战略清醒、战略自觉。
I'll take this question. This is a major conclusion made by General Secretary Xi Jinping based on his profound analysis of the historical position of the Party, the situation and tasks the Party faces, and the development and changes of the Party situation. This reflects the strategic confidence, sobriety and self-awareness for governance over the Party in the new era.
我们党拥有9600多万名党员、490多万个基层党组织，是世界上最大的马克思主义执政党，要把这么一个大党管好治好，就必须以马克思主义政党先进性和纯洁性的高标准严格要求自己。我们党深知，保持党的先进性和纯洁性、保持党员的先进性和纯洁性，不会自然天成，不会一蹴而就，也不会一劳永逸，而是伴随党执政始终、伴随党员终身的永恒课题。解答好这一永恒课题，确保全党思想统一、行动统一、步调一致，确保党始终充满生机活力、始终走在时代前列，需要付出持续不断的艰辛努力，需要保持锲而不舍的韧劲和定力，毫无疑问，这决不是一件容易的事。
With over 96 million members and over 4.9 million primary-level Party organizations, the CPC is the largest Marxist governing party in the world. To govern such a large party, we must strictly adhere to the high standards of the advanced nature and purity of a Marxist party. The Party is well aware that maintaining the advanced nature and purity of both the Party and its members does not come naturally, and it will not be accomplished overnight and will not be done once and for all. Rather, it is an eternal issue that accompanies the Party's governance and its members. To address this eternal task and ensure that the Party is unified in thought, action and pace, and to ensure that the Party is always full of vitality and always stays at the forefront of the times, we must keep hard work and maintain perseverance and determination. Undoubtedly, this has not been an easy task.
经过党的十八大以来全面从严治党，我们解决了党内许多突出问题，党在革命性锻造中更加坚强有力。同时我们党也清醒认识到，党内一些深层次问题尚未根本解决，一些老问题反弹回潮的可能始终存在，稍有松懈就会死灰复燃，并且新的问题还在不断出现。党面临的执政考验、改革开放考验、市场经济考验、外部环境考验将长期存在，精神懈怠危险、能力不足危险、脱离群众危险、消极腐败危险将长期存在。要及时解决好党内存在的各种问题，经受“四大考验”、防范“四种危险”，确保党不变质、不变色、不变味，同样不是一件容易的事。
Since the 18th CPC National Congress, we have exercised full and rigorous self-governance and solved many prominent problems within the Party. The Party has become stronger and more powerful through its revolutionary tempering. At the same time, the Party is clearly aware that deep-rooted problems within the Party have not yet been fundamentally resolved, and there is always the possibility that some old issues may rebound, that a slight slack will lead to a resurgence, and that new problems are still emerging. The (four) tests the Party faces in governance, reform and opening up, the market economy, and the external environment will exist for a long time to come, as will the (four) dangers of a lack of drive, incompetence, disengagement from the people, inaction, and corruption. It is also not an easy task to resolve problems within the Party in a timely manner, to withstand the Four Tests, and prevent the Four Dangers, so as to ensure that the Party never changes its nature and character.
正是基于对我们党面临的这些独有难题的清醒认识，习近平总书记在党的二十大报告中强调，全面从严治党永远在路上，党的自我革命永远在路上，决不能有松劲歇脚、疲劳厌战的情绪，必须持之以恒推进全面从严治党，深入推进新时代党的建设新的伟大工程，以党的自我革命引领社会革命，使我们党坚守初心使命，始终成为中国特色社会主义事业的坚强领导核心。谢谢。
It is based on a clear understanding of the Party's unique difficulties that General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed in his report to the 20th National Congress that full and rigorous self-governance is an unceasing endeavor and that self-reform is a journey to which there is no end. We must never slacken our efforts and never allow ourselves to become weary or beaten. We must persevere with full and rigorous self-governance, continue to advance the great new project of Party building in the new era, and use our own transformation to steer social transformation. This will enable our Party to stay true to its original aspiration and founding mission and remain the strong leadership core in building socialism with Chinese characteristics. Thank you.
凤凰卫视记者：
Phoenix TV:
我们看到中共中央总书记习近平在二十大报告当中谈到，中国共产党经过不懈努力，找到了自我革命这一跳出治乱兴衰历史周期率的第二个答案，同时还强调完善党的自我革命制度规范体系。想问一下，为什么作这样的强调？如何去完善这样的制度规范体系？
General Secretary Xi Jinping mentioned in his report to the 20th CPC National Congress, that through painstaking efforts, the Party had found a second answer to the question of how to escape the historical cycle of rise and fall. The answer is self-reform. He also stressed that the systems and regulations for the Party's self-reform should be improved. Why did he make such an emphasis? How will the Party improve the systems and regulations for self-reform?
田培炎：
Tian Peiyan:
这是我们党坚定不移全面从严治党、深入推进新时代党的建设新的伟大工程提出的一项重要任务。
It is an important task that our Party has put forward in the process of exercising full and rigorous governance over the Party and advancing the great new project of Party building in the new era.
勇于自我革命是我们党最鲜明的品格和独特优势，是我们党历经百年而风华正茂、饱经磨难而生生不息的奥妙所在。要把这种鲜明品格和独特优势传承好、保持好、发展好，离不开制度的作用。因为制度更带有根本性、全局性、稳定性、长期性。制度治党、依规治党是我们党全面从严治党的治本之策，是管党治党的基本方式，在维护党的团结统一、监督制约权力、规范党员言行、严肃党内政治生活等方面，发挥着不可替代的重要作用。
Having the courage to perform self-reform is our Party's defining characteristic and distinctive advantage. It was also the key for our Party to remain vibrant and robust after undergoing trials and tribulations over the past century. To inherit, keep and develop the defining character and the distinctive advantage well, we have to give full play to the role of institutions, which can offer actual, overall, stable and long-term effectiveness. Party governance through institutions and rules is the fundamental solution to exercising full and rigorous Party self-governance and the basic way for enforcing Party self-discipline. It also plays an irreplaceable role in safeguarding the unity and solidarity of the Party, supervising and restricting power, regulating party members' words and deeds, and conducting vigorous campaign to regulate political activities and conduct within the Party.
党的十八大以来，我们党高度重视党内法规制度建设，现行近4000部有效党内法规中，近十年新制定修订的占70%以上。2021年7月1日，习近平总书记在庆祝中国共产党成立100周年大会上宣布，我们党已经形成比较完善的党内法规体系。这一制度建设成果来之不易，是党的建设史特别是党内法规制度建设史上的一个重要里程碑，标志着我们党管党治党全面实现了有规可依、有章可循。我们党深化纪律检查体制、国家监察体制改革，制定修订党纪处分条例、党内监督条例，推动出台监察法，设立国家监委，实现对行使公权力的公职人员监察全覆盖，党和国家监督体系不断健全，为公正用权、依法用权、为民用权、廉洁用权提供了重要保证。
Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the Party has emphasized developing a system of intraparty regulations and institutions. Among nearly 4,000 intraparty regulations currently in effect, over 70% have been formulated or revised in the past decade. At the ceremony marking the centenary of the CPC on July 1, 2021, General Secretary Xi Jinping announced that our Party had formed a relatively complete regulation system. The hard-won achievement is a milestone in Party building, especially in intraparty regulations and institutional development, which marks that we have had comprehensive rules to follow in conducting rigorous Party self-discipline. Our Party has deepened reforms on the discipline inspection and the national supervisory systems, formulated or revised regulations on intraparty scrutiny and punishment for violating Party discipline, and promoted the promulgation of the Supervision Law and the establishment of the National Commission of Supervision so as to supervise everyone working in the public sector who exercises public power. The building of the Party and national supervision system guaranteed that public power is exercised in a fair, law-based, people-oriented and clean manner.
党的自我革命永远在路上，党的自我革命制度规范体系也必须与时俱进、改革创新。我们要顺应加强党的全面领导、深化全面从严治党新要求，及时填补制度空白；不断提高党内法规制定的质量，确保各项制度立得住、行得通、管得好；加强备案审查和清理，维护党内法规制度的统一性和权威性；切实提升党内法规的执行力，真正让铁规发力、禁令生威。进一步健全党统一领导、全面覆盖、权威高效的监督体系，以党内监督为主导，促进各类监督贯通协调，推动中国特色社会主义监督制度更加成熟更加定型，更好转化为治理效能。谢谢。
There is no end to the Party's journey of self-reform and the systems and regulations for the Party's self-reform should advance with the times, reform and innovate. We should follow new requirements of enhancing overall leadership and rigorous self-governance of the Party, fill in the gaps of institutions in a timely way, and improve the quality of intraparty regulations in the formulation process to ensure rules are tenable, adaptable and effective. We must step up record review and sorting out work, safeguard the uniformity and authority of intraparty regulations, and also improve enforcement by giving full play to the roles of prohibition and regulations. We should also enhance the building of a comprehensive, authoritative and effective supervision system under the leadership of the Party. We should focus on intraparty supervision, promote coordination of various kinds of supervision, and make the supervision system with Chinese characteristics more mature, in good shape and serve governance more effectively. Thank you.
中国纪检监察报、中央纪委国家监委网站记者：
China Discipline Inspection and Supervision Daily, website of CCDI and the National Commission of Supervision:
近年来关于领导干部管理监督的制度和规定陆续出台，从清理“裸官”、强化选人用人监督检查，到领导干部个人有关事项报告，规范领导干部配偶、子女及其配偶经商办企业行为，可否具体介绍？
Over the past years, the regulations and rules on accountability and supervision of officers have been promulgated continuously, including wiping out "naked officials" (who have moved their spouses, children, and assets abroad), strengthening supervision and inspection in official selection and appointment, requiring officials to submit report about relevant personal matters, and restricting officials' spouses, children and their spouses to engage in doing business and running enterprises. Can you elaborate please?
徐启方：
Xu Qifang:
我来回答你的问题。习近平总书记多次强调，“从严治党，关键是从严治吏”“从严治党的重点，在于从严管理干部”。十八大以来，组织部门紧跟全面从严治党坚定步伐，以严的标准要求干部、以严的措施管理干部、以严的纪律约束干部，打出一套从严管理监督干部的“组合拳”。
Let me answer your question. General Secretary Xi Jinping reiterated many times that "the key to full and rigorous governance over the Party lies in rigorous governance of its officials" and "the focus of full and rigorous governance over the Party is to strictly manage its officials." Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the Organization Department has firmly followed the principle of full and rigorous governance over the Party, applied rigorous standards to officials, and taken rigorous measures to manage officials. In doing so, we have launched a slew of measures on strictly managing and supervising officials.
第一，不断完善中国特色领导干部个人有关事项报告制度。把领导干部个人有关事项报告制度纳入全面从严治党整体设计，作为从严管党治吏的利器，全面开展抽查核实，将抽查比例由每年3%-5%，提高到10%。对领导班子换届提名人选全部查核，在二十大召开前对中管干部全覆盖查核一遍。
First, we have improved the report system with Chinese characteristics on officials' personal matters, including the system in the overall planning of exerting full and rigorous self-governance. With the system serving as an effective tool, we conducted spot checks and verification and raised the rates of spot checks from 3-5% annually to 10% annually. We thoroughly checked all candidates for official selections and carried out full checks on all officials registered at and supervised by the CPC Central Committee before the opening of the 20th CPC National Congress.
第二，规范领导干部配偶、子女及其配偶经商办企业行为。从2015年开始，逐步在全国推开这项工作，全国共对4700多名领导干部的配偶、子女及其配偶经商办企业行为进行规范。集中规范结束后，中共中央办公厅印发了《领导干部配偶、子女及其配偶经商办企业管理规定》，建立健全常态化、长效化机制。实践表明，这项工作对规范权力运行，促进领导干部廉洁从政、廉洁用权、廉洁修身、廉洁齐家，具有重要意义，赢得广大干部群众的拥护支持。
Second, we have regulated business and enterprise-running activities by officials' spouses, children, and their spouses. We started the supervision work in this regard across China in 2015, regulating businesses and enterprises and running activities by more than 4,700 officials' spouses, children, and their spouses. Following the centralized regulation, the General Office of the CPC Central Committee issued a regulation on the business activities of relatives of officials, establishing and improving a regular and long-term mechanism. The work has proven important in encouraging officials to improve their political conduct, exercise of power, self-governance, and regulate members of their families. It has won wide support from officials and our people.
第三，深化选人用人监督检查和巡视整改。十九大以来，结合中央巡视，对31个省区市、新疆生产建设兵团和200余家中央单位全覆盖开展选人用人专项检查。每年对省区市和中央单位选人用人工作进行测评，2021年度干部群众认为本地、本单位选人用人“好”的比率比2013年度提高了23个百分点，呈持续上升态势。
Third, in selecting and appointing officials, we have intensified supervision, checks, and rectified problems identified in the inspection process. Since the 19th CPC National Congress, with concerted efforts by the central inspection teams, we have launched full-coverage and special campaigns to inspect selections and the appointment of officials in 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and more than 200 central departments. Each year, we assessed work in selecting and appointing officials in provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities, as well as central departments and organizations. In 2021, the good ratings for selecting and appointing officials at local governments and departments increased by 23 percentage points compared with that in 2013, showing a good sign of improvement.
第四，打出专项整治“组合拳”，切实在解决干部选拔任用和管理监督顽疾上用力。以专项整治为突破口，强有力地解决了一批“老大难”问题。比如，开展“三超两乱”问题专项整治，即整治超职数配备干部、超机构规格提拔干部、超审批权限设置机构、擅自提高干部职级待遇、擅自设置职务名称。比如，开展“裸官”问题专项治理，研究制定“裸官”任职岗位管理办法等制度规定，明确提拔限制和岗位限入要求。再比如，开展领导干部因私出国（境）证照专项治理，对违规行为严肃处理。还比如，对中管金融单位政商“旋转门”、“逃逸式辞职”和违规安排近亲属在本系统从业问题，集中开展专项整治。
Fourth, we have taken a slew of specific measures, making great efforts to solve deeply-rooted issues in selecting, appointing, managing, and supervising officials. Focusing on launching specific initiatives, we have successfully addressed a number of ingrained problems. For example, we launched an initiative to rectify the problems concerning official appointment and institution setup. It refers to the excess of officials in specific positions, the irregular promotion of officials, irregular organizations, the unauthorized promotion of officials or improvement of their treatment, and granting officials unauthorized titles. We initiated a specific campaign to combat "naked officials", having established institutions and rolled out regulations on the management of positions taken by them, specifying restrictions on their promotion and taking certain positions. We took targeted measures against officials' private outbound trips and managed their passports and papers, strictly dealing with irregular behaviors. We conducted a special campaign against the "revolving door" phenomena involving the personnel in financial departments registered at and supervised by the CPC Central Committee as well as their resignations to escape punishment, and irregular job arrangements for relatives in their own work sectors.
下一步，我们将以学习贯彻二十大精神为重点，坚定不移贯彻全面从严治党各项部署，推动全面从严管理监督干部向纵深发展。谢谢。
Next, focusing on studying and implementing the guiding principles of the 20th CPC National Congress, we will unswervingly implement all decisions on exercising full and rigorous Party self-governance and make further progress in rigorous governance and supervision of officials. Thank you.
人民日报记者：
People's Daily:
新时代全面从严治党从制定和落实中央八项规定开局破题，作风建设取得了哪些成效和经验？接下来如何坚持以严的基调强化正风肃纪？
The full and rigorous governance over the Party in the new era started with formulating and implementing the central Party leadership's eight-point decisions on improving conduct. What progress has been made and what experience has been gained in improving Party conduct? Next, how to improve Party conduct and enforce Party discipline by maintaining a resolute stance on rigorous self-discipline?
肖培：
Xiao Pei:
坚持以严的基调强化正风肃纪，是党的二十大作出的战略部署。严是中国共产党的政治基因。昨天总书记在报告中指出，必须时刻保持解决大党独有难题的清醒和坚定。这就要求管党治党始终保持严的基调。回想2012年12月4号，党的十八大刚刚闭幕，中央政治局制定了关于改进工作作风、密切联系群众的八项规定。习近平总书记在这次中央政治局会议和不久后召开的十八届中央纪委二次全会上指出，工作作风上的问题绝对不是小事，任其发展下去，就会像一座无形的墙，把我们党和人民群众隔开。要从领导干部做起，首先从中央领导做起，指导思想就是从严，朝严的标准努力，要动真格的。
Following the principle of rigorous self-governance and improving Party conduct, and tightening discipline is a strategic arrangement made by the 20th CPC National Congress. Rigorous self-governance defines the CPC's political life. Yesterday, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in his report that the CPC must always stay alert and determined to tackle the special challenges that a large party like the CPC faces. That requires the Party to maintain a resolute stance on rigorous self-governance and self-discipline. On Dec. 4, 2012, shortly after the 18th CPC National Congress concluded, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee set eight-point decisions to urge all officials to improve conduct and maintain close ties with the people. At the meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and the second plenary session of the 18th CCDI that followed, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that Party conduct is of pivotal importance. If unhealthy influence is not rectified resolutely and left unchecked, it would become a wall separating the Party from our people. Officials, especially officials in the CPC Central Committee, should take the lead in improving Party conduct and exercise real and rigorous standards in this regard.
十年前，总书记就提出严的要求，要从高级干部做起，要从中央领导做起。新时代全面从严治党，正是从党中央制定落实中央八项规定开局破题的。十八大以来，共查处违反中央八项规定精神问题76.1万多件。习近平总书记曾形象地指出，八项规定一子落地，党的建设满盘皆活。八项规定成了改变政治生态和社会面貌的标志性举措，我们看住了一些领导干部的嘴，赢得了无数人民群众的心。
A decade ago, General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the requirement to strictly govern the Party from the level of senior officials and central leaders. With the formulation and implementation of the Party's eight-point frugality code, we have broken ground in comprehensively and strictly governing the Party in the new era. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, we have investigated and dealt with more than 761,000 cases that violated the eight-point frugality code. General Secretary Xi Jinping figuratively pointed out that the launch of the eight-point frugality code has revived the building of the Party. The code has become an iconic measure to change political ecology and improve social presence, helping us to restrain improper behaviors of officials and wining the hearts of the people.
一是党中央率先垂范。在践行初心使命上坚持最高标准，在执行中央八项规定及其实施细则上坚守最严格的要求。中央政治局每年都召开民主生活会，对照检查贯彻执行中央八项规定情况，以上率下、以身作则，从“关键少数”抓起，从高级干部严起，言出纪随。十八大以来共查处违反中央八项规定精神问题的中管干部265人。
First, the CPC Central Committee has set an example in adhering to the highest standards of staying true to the original aspiration and upholding the founding mission of the Party, and in sticking to the most rigorous requirements of the implementation rules of the eight-point frugality code. The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee has held a democratic life meeting every year to check the implementation of the eight-point frugality code and led by example, rigorously governing the "key minority" and senior officials and conducting relevant decrees to the letter. A total of 265 officials registered at and supervised by the CPC Central Committee have been disciplined for violations of the code since the 18th CPC National Congress.
二是踏石留印、抓铁有痕。从严禁公款送月饼节礼、公款吃喝旅游问题入手，十年如一日，一个毛病一个毛病纠治，一个问题一个问题突破，一个节点一个节点紧盯，一年接一年坚守，中央纪委国家监委连续108个月，每个月都通报查处违反中央八项规定精神情况，对典型案例指名道姓通报曝光。
Second, as the old saying goes, "step onto the stone and you should leave your footprint on it; clutch a piece of iron and you should leave your handprint on it," we have taken forceful steps in conducting the eight-point frugality code and delivered tangible results. Over the last decade, starting from cracking down on the use of public funds to pay for moon cakes and other gifts, meals and traveling, we have fixed problems one after another, broken through issues one by one, focused on one node after another, and stuck to the work year after year. The CCDI and the National Supervisory Commission has publicly reported the investigations of violations of the eight-point frugality code for the past 108 consecutive months and exposed typical cases by name.
三是集中整治形式主义和官僚主义问题。坚决纠正贯彻党中央决策部署表态调门高、口号喊得响、行动不落实，甚至与党中央决策部署背道而驰、南辕北辙的问题，纠正文山会海、检查过多、过度留痕的问题。党的十九大以来，全国纪检监察机关共查处形式主义、官僚主义问题28.2万多件。
Third, we have concentrated on addressing the problems of pointless formalities and bureaucratism. We have resolutely corrected the problems of carrying out the decisions and arrangements of the CPC Central Committee with excessive rhetoric, loud slogans, and unfulfilled actions, and even running counter to and in contradiction with those decisions and arrangements. We have also dealt with the problems of having too many meetings and inspections and excessively leaving records of work. Since the 19th CPC National Congress, all disciplinary and supervisory organs across China have investigated and dealt with more than 282,000 cases of pointless formalities and bureaucratism.
四是坚持为了群众、依靠群众。“苍蝇”成群，其害如虎，对基层干部吃拿卡要、冷硬横推、不担当不作为问题严肃追责。党的十九大以来，共查处贪污侵占、优亲厚友、雁过拔毛等问题34.7万多件。同时，拓宽群众监督渠道，开通“四风”随手拍、举报一键通，织密群众监督网。
Four, we have adhered to that our work is in the interests of the people and relies on their strengths. Swarms of "flies" are as harmful as tigers. We have seriously held grassroots officials accountable for their problems of asking for bribes, being cold and harsh to the people, and lack of responsibilities, and their inaction. Since the 19th CPC National Congress, we have investigated and dealt with more than 347,000 cases involving corruption, embezzlement, favoritism, and taking advantage to benefit oneself at the expense of the others. Meanwhile, we have widened the channels of public supervision and launched a snapshot exposure platform of the Four Malfeasances and a one-click report platform to weave an intensive network of public supervision.
五是纠“四风”树新风并举。健全常态化长效化的工作机制，引导社会风气向上向善。八项规定已经成为新时代共产党人的“金色名片”。
Fifth, we have synchronously fostered healthy tendencies while correcting the Four Malfeasances, improving regular and long-term working mechanisms to cultivate a good and kind social atmosphere. The eight-point frugality code has become a "golden card" for all CPC members in the new era.
党中央始终强调，中央八项规定不是五年、十年的规定，而是长期有效的铁规矩、硬杠杠。二十大报告要求锲而不舍落实中央八项规定精神，持续深化纠治“四风”。防反弹回潮、防隐形变异、防厌战情绪，把好传统带进新征程，将好作风弘扬在新时代。谢谢。
The CPC Central Committee has always stressed that the eight-point frugality code is not a five-year or 10-year regulation, but an iron rule that will be effective for a long time. The report to the 20th CPC National Congress has made clear the requirement for resolutely implementing the eight-point frugality code and further deepening the correction of the Four Malfeasances in case of relapses, reappearances in invisible deformation, and passive sentiment. We will carry our fine traditions into a new journey and carry forward our good work style in the new era. Thank you.
澎湃新闻记者：
The Paper:
坚持受贿行贿一起查，是党的十九大、二十大作出的重要部署，也受到社会的广泛关注。请问这项工作近来取得了哪些进展？
The 19th and 20th CPC national congresses have made important arrangements targeting both those who take bribes and those who offer them, which has drawn extensive attention from society. I would like to ask, what progress has been made regarding this aspect?
肖培：
Xiao Pei:
腐败不仅破坏政治生态，也破坏经济发展环境。反腐败有利于净化政治生态，同样也能够净化经济发展环境。党的十九大和党的二十大都作出部署，要求坚持受贿行贿一起查。
Corruption destroyed not only the political ecology but also the environment for economic development. Anti-corruption is conducive to cleansing political ecology as well as to improving the environment for economic development. The 19th and 20th CPC national congresses have made important arrangements targeting both those who take bribes and those who offer them.
行贿者“围猎”、受贿者权钱交易，是腐败仍在发生的重要原因。斩断“围猎”与甘于被“围猎”的利益链条，才能铲除腐败滋生的土壤。领导干部受贿，关键在于党性变质、初心变色、权力变味。要坚持不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐一体推进，构建亲清政商关系，让受贿行贿一起查成为常态。
The bribers' "preying" on officials to lure them and the bribe acceptors' trading power for money are the important reason for corruption continuing to happen. Only by cutting off the interest chain of "preying" and being willing to be "preyed on" can the soil for corruption be eradicated. The key to the bribery of leaders and officials lies in the rotting of Party character, the change of the original aspiration, and the corrupting of power. We should push forward coordinated action to ensure that officials dare not to, are denied the opportunity to, and have no wish to commit corruption. We will foster a cordial and clean relationship between government and business and make it the norm to target both those who take bribes and those who offer them.
受贿和行贿一体两面。党的十八大以来，全国纪检监察机关共查处行贿人员6.3万多人，全国检察机关共查处行贿人员3.6万余人。推进受贿行贿一起查，一是要明确惩治行贿的重点。我们划出五类重点：第一，多次行贿、巨额行贿、向多人行贿的；第二，党员干部和国家工作人员搞行贿的；第三，在国家重要工作、重点工程、重大项目中搞行贿的；第四，在组织人事、执法司法、帮扶救灾、教育医疗等领域搞行贿的；第五，实施重大商业贿赂的。
Accepting bribes and offering bribes are two sides of the same story. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, discipline inspection and supervision departments nationwide have investigated and dealt with more than 63,000 bribe givers, and procuratorates nationwide have investigated and dealt with more than 36,000 bribe givers. To push ahead with targeting both those who take bribes and those who offer them, first, we should clarify key points of punishing bribery. We have listed five categories: one, those who have repeatedly offered bribes, offered huge bribes, or offered bribes to many people; two, Party members, officials, and state functionaries who engage in bribery; three, those who have offered bribes in important state work, key projects, and major projects; four, those who have offered bribes to fields like organizational personnel, law enforcement and judiciary, assistance and support for disaster relief, education and medical care; five, those who commit major business bribery.
二是要严格依法查处。中央纪委国家监委会同最高人民法院、最高人民检察院等相关部门制定了《关于进一步推进受贿行贿一起查的意见》。《中华人民共和国监察法》和监察法实施条例规定了对行贿人的惩治方式、处置行贿违法所得手段。
Second, we need to rigorously investigate and deal with them in accordance with the law. The CCDI and the National Supervisory Commission, together with the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, and other relevant departments, formulated the opinions on further targeting both those who take bribes and those who offer them. The Supervision Law of the People's Republic of China and its implementation regulations stipulate the punishment methods for bribers and the means to deal with the illegal gains from bribery.
三是探索实行行贿人名单管理制度。统筹运用纪律、法律、行政、经济等手段，通过限制企业资质、市场准入等，让行贿人付出应有代价。
Third, we will explore and implement the management system of the briber list. We will coordinate to use disciplinary, legal, administrative, economic, and other means to restrict the qualifications of enterprises and market access so as to make bribers pay their due prices.
我们将按照二十大的部署，进一步提高打击行贿的精准性、有效性，既查清行贿问题，还要追缴行贿所获，同时保障企业的合法经营，保障涉案人和相关企业合法权益，实现政治效果、纪法效果和社会效果的有机统一。
We will further improve the precision and effectiveness of combating bribery in accordance with the arrangements of the 20th CPC National Congress. We will not only make thorough investigations into briberies but also recover the money obtained from briberies. At the same time, we will ensure the legitimate operation of enterprises, protect the legitimate rights and interests of the people involved and relevant enterprises, and achieve the unity of good political, disciplinary and social effects.
学习时报记者：
Study Times:
近年来，在脱贫攻坚、乡村振兴、疫情防控、抗震救灾、抗洪抢险等急难险重任务中，各领域基层党组织积极发挥战斗堡垒作用，组织党员冲锋在前，喊出“我是党员，我先上！我是党员，跟我上！”请问是如何做到面对急难险重任务时，党员能够挺身而出的？
In recent years, in such urgent and difficult tasks as poverty alleviation, rural revitalization, epidemic prevention and control, earthquake relief, flood fighting and rescue, primary-level Party organizations in various fields have actively played the role of fighting bastions, organizing Party members to charge ahead who would shout, "I am a Party member, I will go first! I am a Party member, follow me!" How are the Party members able to stand up when facing urgent, difficult, and dangerous tasks?
徐启方：
Xu Qifang:
谢谢您的提问。党的力量来自组织。党的基层组织是党的肌体“神经末梢”，是党的全部工作和战斗力的基础。
Thank you for your question. The strength of the Party comes from the organization. The Party's primary-level organizations are like the "nerve endings" of the Party's body and the basis of all the Party's work and combat capability.
一个支部就是一座堡垒，一名党员就是一面旗帜。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚定不移推进全面从严治党向基层延伸，坚持以提升组织力为重点，突出政治功能，推动各领域基层党组织全面进步全面过硬，充分发挥基层党组织战斗堡垒作用和党员先锋模范作用，广大党员在关键时刻和完成重大任务中不畏艰险、勇挑重担、冲锋在前，充分展现了新时代共产党员的先锋形象。
A Party branch represents a bastion, and a Party member is a symbol of the Party flag. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has unswervingly promoted the extension of full and rigorous self-governance of the Party to the community level, focused on improving organizational strength, highlighted political functions, promoted the progress of primary-level Party organizations in all fields, which can withstand any tests, and fully played the role of primary-level Party organizations as fighting bastions and the exemplary vanguard role of Party members. The broad masses of Party members braved hardships and dangers, shouldered heavy burdens, and charged ahead at critical moments and in completing major tasks, fully demonstrating the pioneer image of communists in the new era.
比如，我们深入推进抓党建促脱贫攻坚，累计选派25.5万个驻村工作队、300多万名第一书记和驻村干部沉在农村基层一线，带领群众脱贫致富，打赢了脱贫攻坚战，受到群众普遍好评。
For example, we have made in-depth efforts to promote Party building to facilitate fighting against poverty, assigning a total of 255,000 teams to village stations and more than 3 million Party first secretaries and officials in villages to deeply root at the rural primary-level frontline, who led the people to rid themselves of the shackles of poverty and achieve prosperity, declared victory in the critical battle against poverty, and were widely praised by the people.
我们把乡村振兴作为培养锻炼党员干部的大舞台，选优配强村党组织带头人，持续选派驻村第一书记和工作队，常态化整顿软弱涣散村党组织，充分调动和激发广大党员积极投身乡村振兴，汇聚起乡村振兴的磅礴力量。
We regard rural revitalization as a big stage for cultivating and training Party members and officials. We selected excellent and strong leaders for village party organizations, continued to select and assign the Party first secretaries and teams stationed in villages, regularly rectified weak and lax village party organizations, fully mobilized Party members to actively participate in rural revitalization, and converged powerful forces for rural revitalization.
在党中央的统一领导、统一指挥下，各级党组织有效组织党员干部和群众参与疫情防控。广大党员干部冲锋在第一线、战斗在最前沿，构筑起坚固的生命防线，成为抗疫斗争的主力军。“我是党员，我先上！我是党员，让我来！”成为疫情防控一线的最强音。在党员的带动下，形成了全民动员、全民抗疫、共同守护家园的感人局面。
Under the unified leadership and command of the CPC Central Committee, Party organizations at all levels have effectively organized officials and members, as well as the public, to participate in epidemic prevention and control. Party officials form a strong frontline defense to protect lives, playing a mainstay role in the fight against the virus. It is common to hear statements like "I'm a Party member. I'll go first!" and "I'm a Party member. Let me do it!" resound in the frontline of epidemic prevention and control. Motivated by Party members, the public has moved to action and joined hands to fight against the virus.
抗震救灾、抗洪抢险中，各级党组织组建“党员突击队”，设立“党员责任堤”，开展“党员联系户”，广大党员攻坚克难、无私奉献，用实际行动践行初心使命，守护着人民群众的生命财产安全。
In earthquake relief and flood fighting, Party organizations at all levels have set up Party member teams to respond to urgent and difficult tasks and clearly defined Party members' responsibilities for specific dam sections and households. Through hard work and dedication, Party members have stayed true to the original aspiration and founding mission in their actions and safeguarded people's lives and property.
实践证明，无论是平常时候，还是关键时刻、危难关头，基层党组织和党员始终是广大群众最可靠、最坚强的主心骨，这就是我们党的政治优势、组织优势和密切联系群众优势。这些优势，来自于以习近平同志为核心的党中央以上率下、率先垂范，带动全党始终保持统一的思想、坚定的意志、协调的行动，团结带领广大党员干部群众奋进新征程、建功新时代；来自于各级党组织和广大党员自觉学习领会习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，坚定理想信念，锤炼党性修养，保持共产党员的政治本色；来自于各级党组织严格党员日常教育管理，既“造形”更“铸魂”，引导广大党员在平常时候看得出来、关键时刻站得出来、危难关头豁得出来。谢谢！
The practice has proved that grassroots Party organizations and members are always the nation's most reliable and strongest backbone, whether in everyday life, critical moments or difficult times. This constitutes our Party's political strength, organizational strength and strength in maintaining close ties with the people. These strengths originate from the fact that the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core leads by example, mobilizes the whole Party to uphold consensus, keep a firm will, and take coordinated actions. It rallies Party officials, members and the public to forge ahead and contribute to the new journey in the new era. These strengths originate from the fact that Party organizations and Party members at all levels take the initiative to study and understand Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, stand firm in ideals and convictions, strengthen Party consciousness, and preserve the political character of Party members. These strengths also originate from the fact that Party organizations at all levels rigorously carry out regular education and day-to-day management to cultivate Party members inside and out, so that they can play an exemplary role in everyday life, stand out at critical moments and make sacrifices in difficult times. Thank you.
光明日报记者：
Guangming Daily:
党的二十大报告指出，党的领导是全面的、系统的、整体的，必须全面、系统、整体加以落实。请问这一提法有什么新的内涵和要求？
According to the report to the 20th CPC National Congress, the leadership of the Party is comprehensive, systematic and holistic, and must be implemented in a comprehensive, systematic and holistic manner. What are the new connotations and requirements of leadership?
田培炎：
Tian Peiyan:
我来回答这个问题。这是我们党深刻总结党的历史经验、顺应时代发展新要求提出的重大政治论断。
I will take this question. This is a major political conclusion made by our Party by making a condensed summary of its historical experience and responding to the new requirements of the times.
党的领导是全面的、系统的、整体的，内容包括政治领导、思想领导、组织领导、重大工作领导等，既体现在战略谋划、顶层设计上，又体现在战术指引、施工落地上；范围涵盖党和国家事业发展全过程、各领域，体现在经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设和国防军队、祖国统一、外交工作、党的建设等各方面。无论是包含的内容还是涵盖的领域，党的领导都是不可分割、有机联系、内在统一的整体，哪个领域、哪个方面、哪个环节缺失了弱化了，都会削弱党的领导，损害党和国家事业。正因为如此，党的领导必须全面、系统、整体地加以落实。
The leadership of the Party is comprehensive, systematic and holistic. It includes political, ideological, and organizational leadership and leadership in conducting major work. It is embodied in strategic planning, top-level design, and tactical guidance and implementation. It covers all processes and fields of the cause of the Party and the country, and all aspects, including economic, political, cultural, social and ecological development, national defense and the military, national reunification, foreign affairs, and Party building. In terms of the work it involves and the fields it covers, the leadership of the Party is an indivisible, interconnected, and systemic whole, and should any field, aspect, or process be missing or weakened, it would undermine the leadership of the Party and harm the cause of the Party and the country. That said, the Party's leadership must be implemented comprehensively, systematically and holistically.
坚持党的领导，必须健全总揽全局、协调各方的党的领导制度体系，完善党中央重大决策部署落实机制，确保全党在政治立场、政治方向、政治原则、政治道路上同以习近平同志为核心的党中央保持高度一致，确保党的团结统一。
To uphold the leadership of the Party, we must improve the system of Party leadership in which the Party provides overall leadership and coordinates the efforts of all sides. We must improve the mechanism of implementing the CPC Central Committee's major decisions and plans, ensure that the whole Party is highly aligned with the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core in terms of political stance, direction, principle, and path, and ensure the Party's solidarity and unity.
强化落实党的领导的政治责任，充分发挥各级党委（党组）的领导作用、领导干部的示范带头作用、基层党组织的战斗堡垒作用和广大党员的先锋模范作用，形成全方位、多层次、立体式落实党的领导的强大合力。坚持依法执政、民主执政、科学执政，贯彻民主集中制，创新和改进领导方式，善于使党的主张通过法定程序成为国家意志，善于使党组织推荐的人选通过法定程序成为国家政权机关的领导人员，善于通过国家政权机关实施党对国家和社会的领导，推动党的领导更加规范有序、更加富有成效。谢谢。
We should step up efforts to ensure that the political responsibility for implementing the Party's leadership is fulfilled. We must leverage the leading role of Party committees (leading Party members groups) at all levels, the exemplary role of officials, the decisive role of grassroots Party organizations, and the exemplary role of Party members to form a strong synergy for implementing the Party's leadership in an all-round, multi-level and multi-dimensional manner. We should uphold law-based, democratic, and sound governance, implement democratic centralism, innovate and improve the way the Party exercises leadership, and be adept at turning the views of the Party into the will of the state through statutory procedures, placing people recommended by Party organizations in leadership positions in bodies of state power through statutory procedures, and ensuring Party leadership over the state and society through the agencies of state power, to safeguard order and efficacy of Party leadership. Thank you.
陈文俊：
Chen Wenjun:
今天的记者招待会就到这里，感谢三位党代表，感谢各位记者朋友的参与。谢谢。
That's all for today's press conference. Thank you to the three delegates to the 20th CPC National Congress and friends from the media.
本文来源：国新办
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