双语：看透了，临大事就不乱

Deep Understanding of the Trade War Allows China More Composure

贾秀东

Jia Xiudong

美国决定自8月23日起，对160亿美元中国输美产品加征25%的关税。中国商务部新闻发言人随即指出，美国“又一次将国内法凌驾于国际法之上，是十分无理的做法。”中方为维护自身正当权益和多边贸易体制，不得不做出必要反制，决定对160亿美元自美进口产品加征25%的关税，并与美方同步实施。

The US has once again put domestic law above international law by imposing very unreasonable new tariffs on Chinese goods, said a spokesperson of China’s Commerce Ministry on Aug. 8 after the US announced to implement 25 percent tariff on $16 billion worth of Chinese goods since August 23, 2018.

To safeguard its interests and the multilateral trading system, China was forced to make countermeasures. It opted to impose 25 percent tariff on $16 billion worth of US imports, and the tariff is to be implemented in parallel with the US.

特朗普政府一意孤行，挑起对华贸易战，并不断加码，企图靠极限施压和讹诈逼中国就范。从中方的反应看，中国政府看透了这场贸易战，沉着应对。

The Trump administration insisted on starting a trade war against China and escalated the trade war step by step, attempting to force China into trade concessions through extreme oppression and blackmail.

However, China’s reaction indicates its comprehensive understanding of the trade war, which enables it to handle with calmness.

中方看透了贸易战的“必然性”。美方不愿看到中国发展壮大，更不愿看到中国超过它，极力维护自己的长期霸权地位和所谓战略优势。美方既要从中方攫取经贸利益，更要打压中国的发展。特朗普政府认定中国是“战略竞争者”，在地缘政治、战略安全、经贸科技、意识形态等方面对美形成“威胁”。这种零和思维之下的对华战略不以中国意志为转移。中方只能丢掉幻想，坚决应战。

China knows that the trade war is inevitable. The US is unwilling to see China develop and prosper and then surpass it; therefore it devotes great efforts to maintain its long-time hegemony and the so-called strategic advantages. The US wants to profit from its economic and trade relations with China, and it wants more to contain China’s development.

The Trump administration regards China as its “strategic competitor” which “threatens” the US in terms of geopolitics, strategic security, economy and trade and technology, as well as ideology. Its China policy, based on zero-sum mentality, will not change as China hopes it to. Therefore, China has to cast away illusions and resolutely respond to the US.

中方看透了美方的“两面性”。美国对华政策历来具有两面性，一面要接触、对话、合作，另一面又要防范、打压，抑制不住遏华、对抗的冲动。特朗普政府出牌不按“常理”，花样翻新，但对华政策也脱不了这一“套路”，对华耍“两手”，不断摇摆。美方这些天一方面发表声明要提高对中国输美产品征税税率，另一方面四处散风要和中方恢复谈判，对中方玩弄软硬兼施的两手策略。中国坚持“以两手对两手”，以斗争促谈判。

China has seen through the double-dealing of the US. The US always treats China with two contrary approaches. It on one hand wants to contact, talk and cooperate with China and on the other hand guards against and oppresses the latter and couldn’t stop containing and confronting the latter.

The Trump administration’s China policy is unconventional and changeable, but it is still a double-faced tactic. In these days, while announcing to increase tariffs on imported Chinese goods, the US also expressed its willingness to resume negotiations with China. In response to this carrot-and-stick diplomacy, China insists on taking reciprocal counteractions through promoting negotiations while fighting the trade war.

中方看透了贸易战的“艰巨性”。看透了，就有底了。世界经济史上最大规模的贸易战强加于中国头上，给中国的经贸利益必然造成损失，必然为中国经济转型平添新的复杂因素，但“艰难困苦，玉汝于成”。中国从站起来、富起来到强起来，历经各种艰难困苦，斗争的艰巨性从来没有阻挡前进的步伐。任何外部压力，中国人民最终都能将其转化为促进发展的强大动力。中国的发展绝不可能靠别人“恩赐”。面对外来强权压力，中国具有强大的承受力，会坦然应对中国崛起之路上的这一沟坎，接受大国成长之路上的这一考验。

China knows that the trade war is tough, and it grants more composure for the country. Inflicted with the largest-ever trade war in world economic history, China will inevitably suffer economic and trade losses, and be confronted with new difficulties in national economic transformation. But just as jade needs to be polished, China also needs to go through trials and tribulations to be strong.

No hardship has ever stopped China from standing up, growing rich and becoming strong. Any external pressure will ultimately be turned into strong impetus for development. China’s development is not a handout from other countries, and it has the ability to withstand pressures from external powers. It will calmly face this obstacle on the course of its rising and accept this test that a major country has to encounter on the path of development.

中方看透了贸易战得失的“辩证性”。中国向来认为机遇与挑战并存，一贯认为挑战可以转化为机遇。面对美方的挑衅，中方会斗智斗勇，但不斗气，不图一时之痛快，不争一日之短长。在中美贸易战中，中方站在正义一边，世界发展大势站在中方一边。中国不会盲目自信，更不会无谓恐美。中国坚持改革开放大方向不会变，坚持苦炼内功、强基固本不会变，坚持和平发展道路不会变，完全可以化“危”为“机”，加速实现高质量发展。

China sees both the dark and bright sides of the trade war. The country has a belief that challenges can be turned into opportunities. Provoked by the US, China will fight back with wisdom and courage, stay restrained and adopt a long-term prospective. In the US-China trade war, China upholds justice and follows the trends of global development. The country will never be complacent or fear the US. China will continue upholding reform and opening-up and focusing on its own development, as well as adhering to peaceful development. By doing this, the country will finally turn risks into opportunities and walk faster toward high-quality development.

中国历史悠久，战略文化深厚，积累了丰富的对外斗争经验。上世纪三四十年代，毛泽东对中国抗日战争诸问题作了深入研究后，得出“抗日战争是持久战，最后胜利是中国的——这就是我们的结论”。在上世纪八九十年代，以美国为首的西方国家对中国施加制裁，大有“黑云压城城欲摧”之势。邓小平坚信“谁也压不垮我们”。事实证明，中国不但没有垮、没有乱，而且发展的更快更稳更好了。

With a long history and profound strategic culture, China has gained rich experience in the fight against foreign forces. In the 1930s and 1940s, Chairman Mao Zedong said, “the War of Resistance against Japan is a protracted war and the final victory will be ours – this is our conclusion”, after in-depth analysis on issues concerning the War.

In the 1980s and 1990s, western countries represented by the US imposed sanctions on China, casting shadow on the latter’s future. However, the chief architect of China’s economic reform Deng Xiaoping firmly believed that nothing could defeat China. History has proved that China was not defeated and put into chaos; instead, it is developing more rapidly and better.

进入新时代，面对复杂的国内外环境，习近平强调要有“乱云飞渡仍从容”的战略定力，做到“临大事而不乱”，明确指出：“我们看世界，不能被乱花迷眼，也不能被浮云遮眼，而要端起历史规律的望远镜去细心观望。” 在中国前所未有地走近世界舞台中央、接近实现中华民族伟大复兴的目标，世界处于百年未有之大变局之际，敏锐的洞察力、清醒的判断力、果断的决策力、坚定的执行力将会成为中国破解贸易战、砥砺前行的保障。

Faced with complicated domestic and international environments, Chinese President Xi Jinping stressed that the country should maintain its strategic composure and have a calm mind in the face of major challenges. He also clearly pointed out that we should not allow our views to be blocked by intricate developments in observing the world.

China is unprecedentedly approaching the center of the international arena, and getting closer to realize the rejuvenation of the nation, while the world is going through unprecedented changes. At this critical moment, a keen insight, a clear mind, decisiveness, and a strong execution will guarantee China to win the trade war and forge ahead.

也许，“不打不相识”。中美历史上交手多次，特朗普政府对华搞极限施压、讹诈、抹黑、妖魔化这一套对中国不起作用。

Perhaps China and the US will not know each other better without the trade war. In history, the two countries have been in conflicts for many times. Trump’s tactic of oppressing, blackmailing, denigrating and demonizing China will not work at all.

（作者为中国国际问题研究院特聘研究员）

(Jia Xiudong is a researcher with the China Institute of International Studies.)