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《翻译的基本知识》读书笔记:《水浒传》中的误译,不合逻辑
钱歌川《翻译的基本知识》的读书笔记
所著书籍:《翻译的基本知识》《英文疑难详解》《翻译的技巧》《英文一日一题》
今天公主号“高斋翻硕”给大家分享的读书笔记如下:
岂有此理必有误:逻辑为王,合乎情理
翻译是一个实践性的活动,在翻译中我们要忠于原文,忠于文字,可以加入译者的修饰语,也可以有译者对文章的理解,但这一切的前提是要有逻辑,要符合事物的客观规律,要合乎自然规律,要合乎常理。
太阳东升西落,月有阴晴圆缺,宇宙的斗转星移,人类的基本情感,父母对孩子的爱,人类追求幸福的天性等这些都是合乎常理的。如果译文有悖常理或不遵循自然科学规律,那么就或多或少存在问题。
作者举了著名诺贝尔文学奖获得者赛珍珠译的《水浒传》中的例子,我们一起来看看。
1. 第三十二回中有句:武行者心中要吃,哪里听他分说,一片声喝道:“放屁!放屁!”。赛珍珠将这句译为:
Now Wu the priest longed much in his heart to eat, and so how could he be willing to listen to this explanation? He bellowed forth, "Pass your wind-Pass your wind!
我们先看看pass the wind 的意思。
pass the wind: (生理上的)放屁
It’s very rude to pass the wind in the public.
在公共场所放屁是非常粗鲁的。
但在汉语口语中,“放屁”多指说了没有道理的废话。相当于英语中的nonsense, shit。
还举了一个例子在第七回:
“炕上却有两个榔瓢,取一个下来倾那瓮酒来吃了会,剩了一半”。
On the brick bed were two coconut shells. He took one and dipped up the wine with it and drank half of it.
要译这句首先要搞清楚几个常识性的概念。什么是“榔瓢”,什么是“翁”。
a. 葫芦与椰子
中国人的“瓢”是用“葫芦(gourd)”做的。
但在国外,类似的舀水工具是用椰子壳coconut shell作的。
所以“榔瓢”译为coconut shell。
b. dip:浸或蘸
They dipped their bread into the jam.
He dipped his biscuit into his tea.
dip up表示舀水,取水,打水,汲取
Dip up a bucketful of water from the well.
从井里打满一桶水。
而且翁口一般比瓢口小,怎能伸进去取水呢?所以不能说dipped up the wine with it ,可以说poured the wine into it。
2. 《水浒传》第十回中一句:
“阮小七便在船内取将一桶小鱼上来,约有五七斤。”
赛珍珠译为:
Juan the seventh then went to his boat and brought up a bucket of small fish and they were five to seven catties(斤)each in weight."
a. bucket 表示“水桶”
She carried the bucket without spilling a drop.
b. bucket 表示“许多”
They have buckets of confidence.
他们很自信。
c. a bucket of 表示“一桶的量”
a bucket of warm water 一桶温水
a bucket of small fish 一桶小鱼
译文说 they were five to seven catties(斤)each in weight.每斤小鱼重五至七斤,显然不对。原文的意思是指这一桶小鱼总重五至七斤。所以应该改为Juan the seventh then went to his boat and brought up a bucket of small fish weighing five to seven catties." 后置定语修饰a bucket.
最后给大家个福利!!!