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健康主题

Health-care waste

医疗废物

Environmental Impact

环境影响

Treatment and disposal of healthcare waste may pose health risks indirectly through the release of pathogens and toxic pollutants into the environment.

医疗废物的处理或处置可能将病原体和有毒污染物释放到环境中，从而间接地带来健康风险。

The disposal of untreated health care wastes in landfills can lead to the contamination of drinking, surface, and ground waters if those landfills are not properly constructed.

垃圾填埋地如果构建不当则可能污染饮用水。废物处置设施如果设计、运行或维护不佳则会存在职业风险。

Incineration of waste has been widely practised, but inadequate incineration or the incineration of unsuitable materials results in the release of pollutants into the air and in the generation of ash residue. Incinerated materials containing or treated with chlorine can generate dioxins and furans, which are human carcinogens and have been associated with a range of adverse health effects. Incineration of heavy metals or materials with high metal content (in particular lead, mercury and cadmium) can lead to the spread of toxic metals in the environment.

焚烧废物已成为广泛的做法，但如果焚烧没烧透或焚烧不适当的材料则可使污染物释放到空气中并产生灰渣。焚烧含氯的材料可以产生二恶英和呋喃，它们是人类致癌物，并与一系列不良健康反应有关。焚烧重金属或金属含量高的材料（尤其是铅、汞和镉）可能使有毒金属传播到环境中。

Only modern incinerators operating at 850-1100 °C and fitted with special gas-cleaning equipment are able to comply with the international emission standards for dioxins and furans.

只有温度高达摄氏850-1100度并装有特殊气体净化设备的现代焚化炉才能符合二恶英和呋喃的国际排放标准。

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