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健康主题

Human rights

人权

“The right to the highest attainable standard of health” implies a clear set of legal obligations on states to ensure appropriate conditions for the enjoyment of health for all people without discrimination.

“最高而能获致之健康标准”需要一套有利于所有人健康的社会标准，包括获得卫生服务，安全的工作条件，适足的住房和富有营养的食物。实现健康权与实现食物、住房、工作、教育、不歧视、获取信息和参与等方面的其它人权密切相关。

Focus on disadvantaged populations

弱势人群和健康权

Disadvantage and marginalization serve to exclude certain populations in societies from enjoying good health. Three of the world’s most fatal communicable diseases – malaria, HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis – disproportionately affect the world’s poorest populations, and in many cases are compounded and exacerbated by other inequalities and inequities including gender, age, sexual orientation or gender identity and migration status.

社会中的脆弱和边缘化人群往往不太可能享有健康权。世界最致命的三种传染病，即疟疾、艾滋病毒/艾滋病和结核病严重影响世界最贫穷人口，给发展中国家的经济造成巨大负担。

Conversely the burden of non-communicable diseases – often perceived as affecting high-income countries – is increasing disproportionately among lower-income countries and populations, and is largely associated with lifestyle and behaviour factors as well as environmental determinants, such as safe housing, water and sanitation that are inextricably linked to human rights.

相反，通常被认为影响高收入国家的非传染性疾病负担现正在低收入国家和人群中不成比例地增加。在国家内部，某些人群，如原住民社区等，健康不良的比率更高并在获取优质和可负担的卫生保健服务方面面临重大障碍。这些人因癌症、心血管病和慢性呼吸道疾病而死亡和发病的比率比一般人群高很多。

A focus on disadvantage also reveals evidence of those who are exposed to greater rates of ill-health and face significant obstacles to accessing quality and affordable healthcare, including indigenous populations. While data collection systems are often ill-equipped to capture data on these groups, reports show that these populations have higher mortality and morbidity rates, due to noncommunicable diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic respiratory disease. These populations may also be the subject of laws and policies that further compound their marginalization and make it harder for them to access healthcare prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and care services.

特别容易感染艾滋病毒的人群，如年轻妇女，男男性行为者和注射吸毒者，往往受到歧视，在社会和经济上处于不利地位。这些脆弱人群可能是法律和政策的目标，由此进一步加剧其边缘状况，使其更难获得预防和医护服务。

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