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Climate change and health

气候变化与健康

Key facts

重要事实

Climate change affects the social and environmental determinants of health – clean air, safe drinking water, sufficient food and secure shelter.

气候变化影响健康问题的社会和环境决定因素——清洁的空气、安全的饮用水、充足的食物和有保障的住所。

Between 2030 and 2050, climate change is expected to cause approximately 250 000 additional deaths per year, from malnutrition, malaria, diarrhoea and heat stress.

气候变化预计将在2030年至2050年间，每年多造成约25万人死于营养不良、疟疾、腹泻和气温过高。

The direct damage costs to health (i.e. excluding costs in health-determining sectors such as agriculture and water and sanitation), is estimated to be between USD 2-4 billion/year by 2030.

据估计，到2030年时对健康带来的直接损失费用（即：不包括对诸如农业及饮用水和环境卫生等健康决定部门带来的费用）为每年20-40亿美元。

Areas with weak health infrastructure – mostly in developing countries – will be the least able to cope without assistance to prepare and respond.

卫生基础设施薄弱地区（主要在发展中国家）最缺乏能力在无援助的情况下进行应对、做好准备和作出反应。

Reducing emissions of greenhouse gases through better transport, food and energy-use choices can result in improved health, particularly through reduced air pollution.

通过选择更好的运输、食物和能源利用方案减少温室气体排放，尤其是通过减少空气污染，可使健康得到改善。

Climate change

Over the last 50 years, human activities – particularly the burning of fossil fuels – have released sufficient quantities of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases to trap additional heat in the lower atmosphere and affect the global climate.

过去50多年来，人类活动，尤其是燃烧矿物燃料，释放了大量二氧化碳和其它温室气体，使更多的热量滞留在大气层低层并影响了全球气候。

In the last 130 years, the world has warmed by approximately 0.85oC. Each of the last 3 decades has been successively warmer than any preceding decade since 1850.

过去130年中，全球气温上升约0.85°C。自1850年以来，全球气候每30年都比之前任何一个十年连续回暖。

Sea levels are rising, glaciers are melting and precipitation patterns are changing. Extreme weather events are becoming more intense and frequent.

海平面在上升，冰川在溶化，降水规律在变化。极端气候事件变得更加剧烈和频繁。

What is the impact of climate change on health?

气候变化对健康有何影响？

Although global warming may bring some localized benefits, such as fewer winter deaths in temperate climates and increased food production in certain areas, the overall health effects of a changing climate are likely to be overwhelmingly negative. Climate change affects social and environmental determinants of health – clean air, safe drinking water, sufficient food and secure shelter.

虽然全球变暖可带来一些地方性好处，例如在温和的气候中冬季死亡减少以及在某些地区提高粮食产量，但气候变化的整体健康影响很可能主要是负面的。气候变化影响健康问题的社会和环境决定因素——清洁的空气、安全的饮用水、充足的食物和有保障的住所。

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