——人民生活持续改善。居民人均可支配收入实际增长6.5%。提高个人所得税起征点，设立6项专项附加扣除。加大基本养老、基本医疗等保障力度，资助各类学校家庭困难学生近1亿人次。棚户区住房改造620多万套，农村危房改造190万户。城乡居民生活水平又有新提高。微博@高斋翻硕

Living standards continued to improve. Per capita disposable personal income grew by 6.5 percent in real terms. The threshold for individual income tax was raised and six special additional deductions were created. Support for basic elderly care and basic health care was strengthened. Close to 100 million payments were made to assist students from families in financial difficulty, covering all school types. More than 6.2 million housing units were rebuilt in rundown urban areas and 1.9 million dilapidated rural houses were renovated. Urban and rural living standards continued to rise.

CATTI和MTI学习笔记：

1. per capita disposable personal income 居民人均可支配收入

2. threshold 美 [ˈθreʃhoʊld]  n. 门槛;门口;阈;界;起始点;开端;起点;入门

3. deduction 美 [dɪˈdʌkʃn]  n. 演绎;推论;推理;扣除(额);减去(数)。这里是扣除的意思。

4. rundown urban areas 棚户区

5. dilapidated 美 [dɪˈlæpɪdeɪtɪd]  adj. 破旧的;破烂的;年久失修的

我们隆重庆祝改革开放40周年，深刻总结改革开放的伟大成就和宝贵经验，郑重宣示在新时代将改革开放进行到底的坚定决心，激励全国各族人民接续奋斗，再创新的历史伟业。微博@高斋翻硕

We solemnly commemorated the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up, thoroughly reviewed its great achievements and the valuable experience gained in its pursuit, and pledged our resolve to see reform and opening up through in the new era, thus galvanizing the Chinese people of all ethnic groups to continue their hard work to make new historic achievements.

CATTI和MTI学习笔记：

1. solemnly 英 ['sɒləmli]  adv. 郑重;一本正经地;沉着脸;冉冉

2. the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up 改革开放40周年

3. pledge 美 [pledʒ]   n. 保证;诺言;誓约;抵押;质钱;抵押品v. 保证给予(或做);正式承诺;使保证;使发誓;抵押;典当。 这里是v. 保证给予(或做);正式承诺;使保证的意思。

4. galvanize 美 [ˈɡælvənaɪz]  v. 使震惊;使振奋;激励;刺激;电镀;给(金属)镀锌

回顾过去一年，成绩来之不易。我们面对的是深刻变化的外部环境。经济全球化遭遇波折，多边主义受到冲击，国际金融市场震荡，特别是中美经贸摩擦给一些企业生产经营、市场预期带来不利影响。微博@高斋翻硕

Looking back at the past year, we can see that our achievements did not come easily.

What we faced was profound change in our external environment. Setbacks in economic globalization, challenges to multilateralism, shocks in the international financial market, and especially the China-US economic and trade frictions, had an adverse effect on the production and business operations of some companies and on market expectations.

CATTI和MTI学习笔记：

1. did not come easily  来之不易

2. multilateralism 美 [ˌmʌltiˈlætərəlɪzəm]  n. 多边主义，多边政策(为达成核裁军多边协议)

3. the China-US economic and trade frictions 中美经贸摩擦

4. adverse  美 [ədˈvɜːrs]  adj. 不利的;有害的;反面的

我们面对的是经济转型阵痛凸显的严峻挑战。新老矛盾交织，周期性、结构性问题叠加，经济运行稳中有变、变中有忧。我们面对的是两难多难问题增多的复杂局面。实现稳增长、防风险等多重目标，完成经济社会发展等多项任务，处理好当前与长远等多种关系，政策抉择和工作推进的难度明显加大。微博@高斋翻硕

What we faced were severe challenges caused by the growing pains of economic transformation. An interlacing of old and new issues and a combination of cyclical and structural problems brought changes in what was a generally stable economic performance, some of which caused concern.

What we faced was a complicated terrain of increasing dilemmas. We had multiple targets to attain, like ensuring stable growth and preventing risks; multiple tasks to complete, like promoting economic and social development; and multiple relationships to handle, like that between short-term and long-term interests. And the difficulty of making policy choices and moving work forward increased markedly.

CATTI和MTI学习笔记：

1. interlace  美 [ˌɪntərˈleɪs]  v. (使)编结，交错

2. cyclical 美 [ˈsaɪklɪkəl]  adj. 循环的;周期的

3. terrain 美 [təˈreɪn]  n. 地形;地势;地带

4. dilemma 美 [dɪˈlemə]  n. (进退两难的)窘境，困境

5. markedly  adv. 显著地；明显地；引人注目地

经过全国上下共同努力，我国经济发展在高基数上总体平稳、稳中有进，社会大局保持稳定。这再次表明，在中国共产党领导下，中国人民有战胜任何艰难险阻的勇气、智慧和力量，中国的发展没有过不去的坎。微博@高斋翻硕

With the concerted efforts of the whole country, the Chinese economy, from a larger base, achieved generally stable growth while making further progress; and social stability was ensured. This once again shows that the Chinese people, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, have the courage, vision, and strength to prevail over any difficulty or obstacle. There is no difficulty that cannot be overcome in China's pursuit of development!

CATTI和MTI学习笔记：

1. concerted efforts 共同努力

2. the Communist Party of China 中国共产党

3. prevail over 美 [prɪˈveɪl ˈoʊvər]  胜过;战胜  后边常与difficulty or obstacle连用，表示克服/战胜困难、障碍等。

4. obstacle  美 [ˈɑːbstəkl]  n. 障碍;阻碍;绊脚石;障碍物;障碍栅栏

一年来，我们深入贯彻以习近平同志为核心的党中央决策部署，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，统筹稳增长、促改革、调结构、惠民生、防风险，稳妥应对中美经贸摩擦，着力稳就业、稳金融、稳外贸、稳外资、稳投资、稳预期，主要做了以下工作。微博@高斋翻硕

Over the past year, we fully implemented all major policies and plans made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core. We followed the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability, and worked holistically to maintain stable growth, advance reform, make structural adjustments, improve living standards, and guard against risks. We handled economic and trade frictions with the United States appropriately. We worked to ensure stable employment, a stable financial sector, stable foreign trade, stable foreign investment, stable domestic investment, and stable expectations. Our main work of the past year was as follows.

CATTI和MTI学习笔记：

1. the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core 以习近平同志为核心的党中央

2. follow the general principle of... 坚持...的总基调/总原则

3. pursuing progress while ensuring stability 稳中求进

4. holistically 整体地;全面地。

5. guard 美 [ɡɑːrd]  n. 卫兵;警卫员;看守;(统称)卫兵，警卫;警戒;保卫;保护v. 警卫;守卫;保卫;看守;监视。 这里是v.守卫;保卫的意思。

6. as follows 如下;分别是

一是创新和完善宏观调控，经济保持平稳运行。面对新情况新变化，我们坚持不搞“大水漫灌”式强刺激，保持宏观政策连续性稳定性，在区间调控基础上加强定向、相机调控，主动预调、微调。微博@高斋翻硕

First, we developed new ways to improve macro regulation and ensured a generally stable economic performance.

Facing new circumstances and developments, we were firm in choosing not to adopt a deluge of strong stimulus policies, and we maintained the continuity and consistency of macro policies. As we conducted regulation to keep main economic indicators within an appropriate range, we also improved targeted and well-timed regulation, and carried out anticipatory adjustments and fine-tuning.

CATTI和MTI学习笔记：

1. macro regulation 宏观调控

2. deluge 美 [ˈdeljuːdʒ]  n. 暴雨;大雨;洪水;涌现的事物;蜂拥而至的事物v. 使涌来;使充满;泛滥;淹没。这里是n.涌现的事物;蜂拥而至的事物的意思。

3. carry out 实施; 执行; 实行

4. anticipatory 美 [ænˈtɪsəpətɔːri]  adj. 期待的;期望的;预期的

坚持实施积极的财政政策，着力减税降费、补短板调结构。下调增值税税率，扩大享受税收优惠小微企业范围，出台鼓励研发创新等税收政策。全年为企业和个人减税降费约1.3万亿元。优化财政支出结构，盘活财政存量资金，重点领域支出得到保障。微博@高斋翻硕

We continued to pursue a proactive fiscal policy, focusing on cutting taxes and fees, strengthening areas of weakness, and promoting structural adjustment. We reduced VAT rates and expanded the coverage of tax relief for small businesses with low profits, and introduced preferential tax policies to encourage R&D and innovation. Over the year, the tax and fee burden on enterprises and individuals was thus reduced by around 1.3 trillion yuan. We improved the composition of budgetary spending, put idle budgetary funds to use, and ensured spending in key areas.

CATTI和MTI学习笔记：

1. proactive 美 [ˌproʊˈæktɪv]  adj. 积极主动的;主动出击的;先发制人的

2. VAT rates增值税税率

3. preferential 美 [ˌprefəˈrenʃl]  adj. 优先的;优惠的;优待的

4. R&D  abbr. 研究与发展(research and development)

5. idle 美 [ˈaɪdl]  adj. 懈怠的;懒惰的;闲置的;没有工作的;闲散的v. 混时间;闲荡;无所事事;空转;挂空挡;未熄火;(尤指暂时地)关闭工厂，使(工人)闲着。 这里是adj.闲置的意思。

坚持实施稳健的货币政策，引导金融支持实体经济。针对融资难融资贵问题，先后4次降低存款准备金率，多措并举缓解民营和小微企业资金紧张状况，融资成本上升势头得到初步遏制。及时应对股市、债市异常波动，人民币汇率基本稳定，外汇储备保持在3万亿美元以上。微博@高斋翻硕

We maintained a prudent monetary policy and encouraged financial support for the real economy. In response to the difficulties and high costs of financing, we reduced required reserve ratios four times, and applied a combination of measures to ease funding shortages faced by private enterprises and small and micro businesses. Initial success was thus made in curbing the rising cost of financing.

We promptly responded to abnormal fluctuations in the stock and bond markets, and kept the RMB exchange rate basically stable. China's foreign exchange reserves were maintained at over US$3 trillion.

CATTI和MTI学习笔记：

1. prudent monetary policy 稳健的货币政策

2. real economy 实体经济

3. in response to 响应；回答；对…有反应

4. curb 美 [kɜːrb]  v. 控制，抑制，限定，约束(不好的事物) n. 起控制(或限制)作用的事物。这里是v. 控制，抑制的意思。

5. fluctuation  美 [ˌflʌktʃuˈeɪʃn]  n. 波动，涨落，起伏