通过十九大看“party”和“congress”的大小写规则
众所周知，“party”和“congress”在文中使用时存在特殊性；因其所表达的意思不同所以大小写的书写上也有差异。那么我们今天就来看看这其中是否有规律可循，让我们一起来探究一下吧。
首先，我们先看看“party”。目前就小编了解到的“party”大小写存在差别的情况，主要是这个单词用来特指某一个国家的党派，但就这个词表示“党派”的意思，大小写也存在差异，我们先看几个例子：
1. On behalf of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, I will now deliver a report to the 19th National Congress.(《十九大政府工作报告》)
中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会，是在全面建成小康社会决胜阶段、中国特色社会主义进入新时代的关键时期召开的一次十分重要的大会。
2. The Sunrise Party ,formerly known as the Sunrise Party of Japan was a conservative and nationalist political party in Japan.（维基百科）
3. In our Party, each and every one of us must always breathe the same breath as the people, share the same future, and stay truly connected to them.(《十九大政府工作报告》)
全党同志一定要永远与人民同呼吸、共命运、心连心。
4. Senator of both parties seek answers on US military deaths in West Africa. (https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/oct/22/frederica-wilson-donald-trump-niger-benghazi)
5. A Montana Republican party official would have shot Guardian reporter Ben Jacobs if had approached hers as he did Greg Gianforte, who assaulted Jacobs one day before he was elected to Congress.
(https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/oct/21/montana-gianforte-ben-jacobs-karen-marshall-would-have-shot)
总结：例1,2,3可以看出特指某党派时通常用大写；第二次提到特指某党派也用大写。从例4,5可以看出代指两个或两个以上党派时用小写；泛指某个党派时用小写。
接着，我们再看看“congress”：
我们会发现“congress”在使用的时候也会出现大小写的差异，通过下面的几个例子来看一下吧。
一. 特指某一国家的国会时用大写：
1.国会投票否决了改变工会结构的动议。
The Congress voted down a motion to change the union's structure 《柯林斯词典》
2.总统否决了国会通过的一揽子经济计划。
The President vetoed the economic package passed by Congress. 《柯林斯词典》
3.国会否决了这项议案。
Congress voted the bill down.
4.国会对政府打击犯罪的新措施提出了批评。
Congress has criticised new government measures to combat crime.
《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》
二．专业名词中用大写：
The five years since the 18th National Congress have been a truly remarkable five years in the course of the development of the Party and the country.《十九大政府工作报告》
十八大以来的五年，是党和国家发展进程中极不平凡的五年。
三．指某次大会时，大小写都有，但是国外很多网站用小写：
1.We must keep to the path of socialist political development with Chinese characteristics; uphold and improve the system of people’s congresses, the system of Party-led multiparty cooperation and political consultation, the system of regional ethnic autonomy, and the system of community-level self-governance; and consolidate and develop the broadest possible patriotic united front.《十九大政府工作报告》
必须坚持中国特色社会主义政治发展道路，坚持和完善人民代表大会制度、中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度、民族区域自治制度、基层群众自治制度，巩固和发展最广泛的爱国统一战线。
2.The country's rapid progress under "socialism with Chinese characteristics" shows there is "a new choice for other countries", he told the Communist Party congress.(BBC)
3.The congress, which takes place once every five years, will finish on Tuesday. More than 2,000 delegates are attending the event, which is taking place under tight security. (BBC)
4.The theme of the Congress is: Remain true to our original aspiration and keep our mission firmly in mind.《十九大政府工作报告》
5.A lot has changed after the party congress.
党代会后发生了很多变化。《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》
总结：从上面的例子可以看出特指某国国会和专有名词情况下一般都是用大写形式，除此之外，“congress”指某次大会的时候，大小写均可，但是国外大都用小写。
