双语：王毅在美国发表《登高望远，不惑前行》的主旨演讲

——王毅国务委员在美中关系全国委员会、美中贸易全国委员会、美国全国商会、美国对外关系委员会联合举办晚餐会上的主旨演讲

Vision and Conviction Will Take China-US Relations Forward

Keynote Speech by State Councilor Wang Yi

At Dinner Co-hosted by National Committee on US-China Relations,

US-China Business Council,

US Chamber of Commerce and Council on Foreign Relations

New York, 24 September 2019

（2019年9月24日，纽约）

女士们，先生们：

Ladies and Gentlemen,

很高兴再次来到纽约，同各位新老朋友进行交流。

It is my great pleasure to come back to New York and meet so many friends, both old and new.

记得去年也是在出席联大期间，我在对外关系委员会发表演讲，提出中美关系的症结在于美国对中国的认知。建议美国朋友认真思考：一个坚持走和平、合作、开放道路的中国，对美国是机遇还是挑战？一个在国际舞台上发挥积极和建设性作用的中国，究竟是美国的伙伴还是对手？

During the UNGA leaders' week last year, I spoke at the Council on Foreign Relations, and I argued that the crux of the China-US relationship was the US perception of China. I asked the audience to think really hard about the key questions: Is a peaceful, cooperative and open China an opportunity or a challenge to the US? Is a proactive and constructive China on the world stage a partner or an adversary for the US?

一年过去了，我看到美国国内仍在就此进行讨论，似乎出现了两种不同声音。对于如此重要且复杂的中美关系来说，这样的思辨或许不是坏事。因为事实会越辩越清，真理会越辩越明，相信美国朋友们最终一定能达成理性共识，给出正确的答案。

One year on, these questions are still being debated in the United States, which seems to be leading to two different views. This may not be a bad thing for a relationship as important and complex as China-US relations, as the debate will help people get closer to facts and truth. I believe that at the end of the day, Americans will reach a sensible consensus and find the right answer to those questions.

今年是中华人民共和国成立70周年，也是中美建交40周年。“四十而不惑”。对于中美关系而言，这是一个重要的历史时刻，我们需要登高望远，不惑前行。

This year marks the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China as well as the 40th anniversary of China-US diplomatic relations. This is a moment that means a lot to both China and the United States. A Chinese proverb has put it well, 'A man in his forties should have no doubts about life.' At this historical moment, we need to stand high, look far and take China-US relations forward with vision and conviction.

40年来，中美关系历经了各种风雨，但取得的巨大发展超出所有人的想象，不仅为两国人民带来巨大好处，也为世界的和平、稳定与繁荣作出了重要贡献。但毋庸讳言，当前的中美关系又再次来到十字路口。有些人不遗余力地把中国渲染成美国的主要对手，炒作中美关系难以逃脱所谓“修昔底德陷阱”、“文明冲突陷阱”，甚至鼓吹要与中国全面“脱钩”。

Over the past four decades, China-US relations have weathered many twists and turns. Yet they have steadily moved forward with progress beyond even people's boldest imagination. It has brought tremendous benefits to both nations, and contributed greatly to peace, stability and prosperity around the world. On the other hand, however, China-US relations have once again come to a crossroads. Some people are using every means to depict China as a major adversary, marketing their prophecy that the relationship is doomed to fall into the Thucydides Trap or the Clash of Civilizations Trap, and they even clamor for a full 'decoupling' with China.

在中美关系这艘巨轮面前，有两条截然不同的航路，一边天高海阔，另一边波涛汹涌。下一个40年中美关系将向何处去？是沿着正确航向继续前进，还是拐进麻烦不断的歧途？在作出这样重大的判断和选择时，我们应当端起历史的望远镜，从中美关系四十年风雨历程中寻找启示和指引。

Therefore, this giant ship of China-US relations is faced with two very different routes. One features calm seas and broad prospects, and the other faces churning waters and raging waves. It begs the question: Where will China-US relations go in the next 40 years? Are we going to move ahead along the right route, or veer onto the wrong one with endless troubles ahead? When we assess and decide on such a momentous issue, we must turn to history and look at the past four decades of China-US relations for inspiration and guidance.

首先，互利合作是唯一选择，中美双方谁也没占谁便宜。

First, mutually beneficial cooperation is the only right option for China and the United States, and neither country has taken advantage of the other.

最近有这样一个观点，说美国在同中国合作中“吃了大亏”。事实果真如此吗？当然不是。建交40年来，两国从彼此合作中都获得了巨大收益。通过优势互补、互利合作，美国经济实现了快速增长，美国家庭大幅降低了生活成本，美国企业更获取了丰厚利润。

过去40年，中美双边货物贸易额增长了252倍。根据美中贸易全国委员会报告，2009年至2018年间，仅美国对华出口就支撑了超过110万个美国就业岗位。97%的受访美国企业表示与中国做生意是盈利的。中美贸易平均每年为每个美国家庭节省850美元成本。

Recently there is such a claim that the US has been 'ripped off' in its cooperation with China. Is that really so? Of course not. In fact, both countries have benefited tremendously from cooperation in the past 40 years. Such cooperation, enhanced by our comparative strengths, has helped drive robust growth of the US economy, substantially cut the cost of living for US families, and enabled American firms to take home huge profits.

Over four decades, China-US trade in goods surged by 252 times. A USCBC report found that between 2009 and 2018, US exports to China alone supported more than 1.1 million jobs in the US. Ninety-seven percent of the US companies surveyed reported profits from doing business with China. And trade with China has saved the average US family US$850 on a yearly basis.

经济全球化是历史潮流，我们不应阻挡，也无法阻挡。全球化形成的资源自由流动，在给我们创造巨大财富的同时，也会带来各自国内发展的不均衡和各国之间贸易的不平衡。正确的态度是，国内问题要通过深化改革、调整分配机制加以缓解；国与国之间的问题应通过加强全球治理和平等对话协商予以解决。如果一味把责任归咎于别人，那就是找错了对象；单方面发动“贸易战”，则更是开错了药方。中美贸易摩擦一年多来，双方都遭受了不应有的损失。加征关税提高了美国企业生产成本、抬升了美国国内物价、消耗了美国经济的增长潜力，美国企业、农民、消费者都已切身感受到越来越明显的压力。比如纽约联邦储备银行测算，2018年美国对华2500亿商品加征关税使美国消费者每年多支付528亿美元，平均每个美国家庭每年多支出414美元。根据美国咨询机构“贸易伙伴关系”的预测，如果再对3000亿美元中国进口产品加征25%关税，将导致美国失去200多万个就业岗位，美国家庭平均成本增加2000多美元，美国国内生产总值减少1%。不仅如此，作为世界前两大经济体，中美打架，世界遭殃。经合组织已发出警告，目前中美贸易摩擦将把全球经济增长预期至少拉低0.7个百分点。这些事实说明，中美合作才能造福两国、惠及世界，摩擦只会两败俱伤、全球受害。

Economic globalization, as the trend of the times, should not and cannot be held back. The free flow of resources enabled by globalization has created enormous wealth, yet it will also lead to uneven development within countries and trade imbalances between them. The right approach to tackle domestic challenges is to deepen reform and improve the distribution system. And issues between nations should be addressed by enhancing global governance through equal dialogue and consultation. Neither scapegoating nor unilaterally initiating a trade war is the right prescription. The trade frictions between China and the US in the past year and more have inflicted losses on both countries, losses that shouldn't have happened. Higher tariffs have raised the production cost of US companies, pushed up US consumer prices, and dampened the growth prospects of the US economy. Businesses, farmers and consumers of the United States have felt mounting pressures. For instance, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York estimated that due to the additional tariffs imposed on US$250 billion of Chinese exports in 2018, US consumers would have to spend an extra US$52.8 billion every year. That is US$414 more in expenditure for every US family. According to The Trade Partnership, an American consulting service, a 25 percent additional tariff on US$300 billion of imports from China will make at least 2 million American jobs disappear, drive up household cost by over US$2,000, and wipe out 1 percent of the GDP of the United States. Yet that is not all. When the two largest economies lock horns, the world will suffer. The OECD already warned that China-US trade frictions could dent global growth by at least 0.7 percentage point. All this points to one simple fact: Cooperation benefits both China and the United States and the rest of the world; friction will only create a lose-lose situation and harm the whole world.

第二，开放融合是正确方向，中美双方谁也离不开谁。

Second, opening-up and integration represents the right direction, and neither China nor the United States can move ahead without the other.

40年来，中美关系同中国改革开放、同全球化进程相伴而行。两国已经互相成为最重要的贸易伙伴和投资对象国，产业链、供应链和价值链深度联接的利益共同体。2018年，中美双边贸易额超过6300亿美元，双向投资存量超过2400亿美元。中国成为美国飞机、农产品、汽车、集成电路的重要出口市场。2017年美国出口的57%大豆、25%飞机、20%汽车、14%集成电路、17%棉花都销往中国。当前，中美之间每年人员往来达500万人次，平均每天有1.7万人往来于中美之间，每17分钟就起降一个航班。

Over the past four decades, China-US relations have grown in sync with China's reform and opening-up as well as globalization of the world economy. The two countries are now the most important trade partners and investment destinations for each other. Our industrial, supply and value chains are deeply interconnected, and our interests closely entwined. In 2018, the bilateral trade exceeded US$630 billion, and two-way investment surpassed US$240 billion in cumulative terms. China has become a major export market for US aircraft, farm products, automobiles, and integrated circuits. Of all US exports in 2017, 57 percent of soybeans, 25 percent of aircraft, 20 percent of automobiles, 14 percent of integrated circuits, and 17 percent of cotton were sold to China. At present, there are five million travels between our two countries every year. That translates into 17,000 passengers every day, with one flight either taking off or touching down every 17 minutes.

对于两个经济规模如此庞大、相互依存如此深厚的国家，要彼此“脱钩”和“关门”，简直就是天方夜谭，既不理智，也不现实。经过中国人民几十年的艰苦奋斗，中国经济已不是什么小池塘，而是一片宽广的大海。中国已成为世界第二大货物贸易进口国和服务贸易进口国，拥有全球规模最大、增长最快的中等收入群体，是全球最主要且最具潜力的市场。如果与中国“脱钩”，那就意味着与机遇脱钩，与未来脱钩。对于这个道理，美国企业界应当最清楚。据美方研究机构统计和调查显示，尽管受到中美贸易摩擦影响，2019年上半年美企对华投资69亿美元，比前两年同期均值提高1.5%。87%的在华美企表示将继续留在中国，因为中国有成熟的本地供应链和劳动力市场，其他国家无法取代。中国美国商会74%的成员计划进一步扩大在华投资。

Given the size of our economies and the level of interdependence, the so-called 'decoupling' or 'shutting the door to each other' is just like an attempt to build castles in the air. It is neither sensible nor realistic. After several decades of hard work of the Chinese people, the Chinese economy has grown from a small pond to something as big as a vast ocean. China is now the world's second largest importer of goods and services. It has the world's biggest and most promising market with the largest and fastest-growing middle-income population. Decoupling from the Chinese economy would be decoupling from opportunities, and from the future. I hope the US business community would fully appreciate this logic. According to US statistics, despite the on-going trade frictions, US companies invested US$6.9 billion in China in the first half of 2019, an increase of 1.5 percent over the average level in the same period of the last two years. Eighty-seven percent of US companies in China indicated that they would choose to stay in China because the advanced supply chain and labor force in China are just irreplaceable. And 74 percent of the members of AmCham China plan to invest more in China.

开放是中国既定国策，中国开放的大门绝不会关上，只会越开越大。我们早在2010年就已履行完入世降税承诺，目前关税水平进一步降至7.5%，低于绝大多数发展中国家。我们还在世界上首创举办进口博览会，向世界打开中国的市场，让各国分享发展的机遇。中国深化结构性改革的步伐不断加快。近日，我们又取消了合格境外机构投资者（QFII）和人民币合格境外机构投资者（RQFII）投资额度限制，在进一步扩大对外开放方面迈出新的步伐。《外商投资法》及其配套法规将于明年全面实施，形成更加公平、透明和规范的市场竞争环境。准入前国民待遇和负面清单管理正在全面铺开，外商投资负面清单一年比一年缩短。当然，开放应当是相互的。中国正在不断扩大对包括美国在内所有国家的开放，同时也希望美国对中国敞开大门，减少各种不合理的限制。总之，中国过去几十年改革开放的努力与成绩举世瞩目，不应被蓄意忽视和抹杀；中国过去几十年发展进步为包括美国在内世界各国带来的巨大利益无可争辩，不容任何人歪曲和诋毁。

Opening-up is China's set policy. China's door will not be closed; it will only open even wider. We fulfilled as early as in 2010 our tariff reduction commitments made upon joining the WTO. Currently, our average tariff has been cut further to 7.5 percent, lower than that of most other developing countries. China is also the first in the world to host an annual import expo. The purpose is to open up China's market, and share with others opportunities brought by China's development. China is accelerating the structural reform of its economy. This month, we announced further opening of the Chinese market by abolishing the QFII and RQFII investment quotas. The Foreign Investment Law and its matching regulations will enter into force next year to foster a fairer, more transparent and orderly business environment. The management model of pre-establishment national treatment and the negative list is being applied nationwide. Foreign investors will find the negative list getting shorter and shorter. Yet, opening-up should go both ways. While China opens wider to the US and the rest of the world, we expect the US to do the same to China and remove all unreasonable restrictions. All in all, China's efforts of reform and opening-up during the past few decades and what it has accomplished along the way should be recognized by others, rather than be disparaged or denied. China's development and progress has delivered enormous benefits to other countries, including the US. No one should attempt to deny or distort this fact.

第三，冲突对抗没有出路，中美双方谁也改变不了谁。

Third, conflict and confrontation will lead nowhere, and neither country can mold the other in one's own image.

中美两国历史文化、社会制度、发展道路、现实国情不同，存在分歧和摩擦在所难免，关键是如何正确认识、稳妥处理。2000多年前的中国圣贤孔子曰：“君子和而不同，小人同而不和”，深刻阐释出真正的“和”是建立在承认和尊重“不同”之上。19世纪贵国著名哲学家爱默生有句名言：“高层次的友谊，是在差异当中寻求一种深刻的认同”。两国哲人跨越千年，但揭示的道理却不约而同。人类文明的发展不能停滞，更不能倒退。国与国之间的差异和不同不应成为阻挡双方交流的鸿沟，而应成为相互借鉴、彼此促进的动力。

China and the United States differ from each other in history, culture, social system, development path and national conditions. Disagreements and frictions between us are almost inevitable. What matters most is that we perceive them objectively and handle them properly. Over 2,000 years ago, Chinese sage Confucius observed that 'A gentleman seeks harmony without uniformity whereas a petty man does just the opposite', making the case that real harmony is anchored on recognition of and respect for differences. Your great philosopher Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote that in true friendship, both parties 'recognize the deep identity which, beneath their disparities, unites them'. The two philosophers, though living millennia apart, spoke to the same truth. The advance of human civilization must not stop, still less go backward. Differences and disparities should not be a chasm preventing people from engaging each other. Rather, they could become an impetus for mutual learning and shared progress.

新中国成立之初，美国奉行对华遏制政策，两国在朝鲜半岛甚至兵戎相见，随后陷入22年的对抗。美国参谋长联席会议主席布莱德利将军说，这是一场在错误的时间、错误的地点同错误的对手进行的错误的战争。上世纪70年代，基辛格博士秘密访华，尼克松总统和毛泽东主席、周恩来总理打开中美重新交往的大门，开启了两国和平共处、共谋繁荣之路。这段曲折历程充分说明，对抗冲突不符合中美双方各自的利益，对话合作才是正确的交往之道。美国国内有人声称，过去几十年对华接触交往没有达到改变中国的目的，应当重拾遏制政策。这种试图按照自己的意愿改造别人的想法从一开始就是错误的，更是不可能实现的。70年后的今天，美方应该避免再次选错对手进行一场错误的对抗。

In the early years of the People's Republic of China, the United States sought to contain China. The two countries even fought a war on the Korean Peninsula, which was followed by 22 years of confrontation. General Omar Bradley, then Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, called what happened in Korea 'the wrong war, at the wrong place, at the wrong time, and with the wrong enemy'. It was not until the 1970s that things began to change. Dr. Kissinger's secret visit to China and the meetings between President Richard Nixon and Chairman Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai re-opened the door of contact, and set the two countries on a path toward peaceful co-existence and joint pursuit of prosperity. The ups and downs in our relations provide ample evidence that confrontation and conflict is not in the interests of either China or the United States, and that dialogue and cooperation is the only way forward. Some Americans claim that the US' decades-long engagement policy has failed in its original purpose of changing China, and that it is time to revert to a policy of containment. Such an idea of molding others according to one's wish is wrong, and will never work. Seventy years have passed, and the US should not start another wrong fight with the wrong country.

人类居住的这个星球从来都是丰富多彩的。近代以来，中国曾在谋求发展振兴的道路上艰难探索、不断试验，包括一度引进西方体制，但最终都以失败告终，因为它不符合中国的国情和需要。直到后来，中国共产党把马克思主义理论同中国自身国情紧密结合起来，找到了一条加快实现国家富强、人民幸福康庄大道，这就是中国特色社会主义道路。经过70年的历史检验，这条道路已经被证明是完全正确的，也因此得到中国人民的一致拥护和坚定支持。多个外国机构的民调显示，中国民众对本国社会制度和发展道路的支持度在所有受访国当中始终排名第一。既然是成功的道路，为什么要改变？既然人民群众支持，为什么要放弃？试问，对于中国这样一个体量庞大、国情复杂的国家，世界上有哪种制度能让中国始终保持团结稳定，并且成为维护世界和平与安全的重要支柱？有哪条道路能让14亿中国人集体摆脱贫困、迈向全面小康，在创造自身发展奇迹的同时，也为人类的进步作出如此重大的贡献？作为一个拥有5000年悠久文明的国家，中国将不畏浮云遮望眼，始终保持战略定力和文化自信，不被别人影响，更不受别人摆布。我们将沿着自己选择的道路和确定的方向坚定不移地走下去，永远把国家和民族的前途命运掌握在自己手中，一往无前地推进中华民族的伟大复兴。

The world we live in is a diverse place. In the modern times, China had explored and experimented on possible paths toward development and rejuvenation, including by adopting the Western system at one point. But they all ended in failure because of their incompatibility with China's national conditions and needs. It wasn't until the Communist Party of China (CPC) adapted the Marxist theories to Chinese realities that a path toward national rejuvenation and happiness was found. And that is the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Seventy years of history leads to the conclusion that this is a right path and is hence fully and firmly supported by the Chinese people. Polls by multiple foreign institutions show that China enjoys the highest domestic support rate regarding its social system and development path among all the countries surveyed. Since it is a successful path, why should we change course? Since it enjoys the people's support, why should we give it up? Let's ask ourselves: Which other system on earth could ensure unity and stability of a country as enormous and sophisticated as China and make it an important pillar for world peace and security? Which other path could China take to create a miracle of development, lifting 1.4 billion people out of poverty and delivering moderate prosperity in all respects, and, while at it, making such a major contribution to human progress? As an ancient civilization with 5,000 years of history, China will not be blinded by floating clouds. We will maintain our strategic focus and our confidence in our culture. We will not be influenced, and even less manipulated. We will unswervingly follow the path and direction we have chosen. We will always grasp the future of our country and nation in our own hands and march toward the great renewal of the Chinese nation with an indomitable will.

当然，中国未来发展的道路还很长，任务还很艰巨，也还有很多地方需要改革完善，我们随时欢迎各国朋友提出善意忠告和宝贵意见。同时，各国国情不同，需求各异，我们历来尊重其他国家包括美国自己选择的制度和道路，不会向别国输出中国的社会制度和发展模式，更不会重蹈历史上传统大国国强必霸的覆辙。我们从来无意改变美国，美方也不应总是寻求改变中国。美方提出要使美国再次伟大，进而呼吁要“保持伟大”。和美国人民一样，中国人民也有过上更美好生活的权利。两国有各自的发展目标，但并不是非此即彼的关系，更没有必要相互排斥，我们完全可以相互借力、相互成就。中国的振兴将为美国提供长期稳定和可持续的市场；美国保持活力，也可为中国的发展提供更好的外部环境。其中的关键，就是以包容的心态尊重对方的发展权利，欣赏对方取得的成就。归根到底，为了中美两国，为了这个世界，我们需要找到，也必须找到一条两个社会制度、文化背景不同的大国在这个星球上长期和平相处、进而合作共赢之道。

Of course, China's development path ahead is long and winding, and much remains to be improved through reform. We welcome all well-intentioned advice and valuable suggestions from foreign friends. At the same time, countries differ in national conditions and have different needs. We fully respect the choices other countries, the US included, have made about their system and path. We will not export our social system or development model. And China will not follow the old path of past powers who sought hegemony. It is never China's intention to change the United States. Likewise, the United States should not seek to change China. The United States is working to 'Make America Great Again' and 'Keep America Great'. The Chinese people, like the American people, are entitled to a better life. These two development goals are not mutually exclusive or a zero-sum equation. We may well help each other and work with each other. China's renewal will provide the US with a stable and sustainable market; a vibrant US will provide a better external environment for China's development. The key is to embrace an open mind and respect each other's right to development, and appreciate each other's accomplishments. In the final analysis, for the sake of our two countries and the world, we must find a way for two major countries different in social system and cultural background to live together on this planet in peace and to cooperate with each other for win-win results.

第四，共担责任是历史潮流，中美双方谁也不必取代谁。

Fourth, shouldering responsibilities together accords with the trend of history, and neither of our two countries has to replace the other.

美国现在有人炒作所谓“国际权力转移”的问题，担心中国要取代美国在世界上的地位，这既是对中国的战略误判，也是对自身缺乏自信。中国仍是世界上最大的发展中国家，我们的人均国民收入、人类发展指数以及科技教育水平与美国还有很大差距。中国传统文化讲究内敛谦和，倡导厚往薄来，从来没有称王称霸的基因，也无意在国际舞台上玩什么“权力的游戏”。当前乃至今后可预测的时间里，美国仍是世界上综合国力最强的国家。邓小平先生曾幽默地说，天塌下来有大个子顶着。我们希望并乐见美国继续为世界的和平与发展发挥建设性作用。当然，今天的世界正面临越来越多的全球性挑战，没有哪个国家能够独善其身，也没有哪个国家能够包打天下，共同承担国际责任是一个必然趋势。每个国家尤其是大国都可以在其中发挥各自的优势，扮演力所能及的角色。中国愿意承担自己应尽的那份责任。

Some in the United States are hyping up the so-called 'shift of international power'. They worry that China will unseat the United States from its role in the world. This is a strategic misjudgment about China and shows a lack of self-confidence. China is still the largest developing country in the world. It is far behind the United States in terms of per capita national income, the Human Development Index and sophistication of science, technology and education. Traditional Chinese culture stresses moderation and humility, and believes kindness should be reciprocated and repaid. Seeking hegemony has never been in the Chinese DNA. China has no intention to play the 'game of thrones' on the world stage. For now and the foreseeable future, the United States is and will still be the strongest country in the world. Mr. Deng Xiaoping once said humorously that should the sky fall, there is the tallest guy to prop it up. We hope the United States will continue to play a constructive role for global peace and development, and we welcome such a role. The world is confronted with growing global challenges. No country can do well in isolation or fix all the problems by itself. Sharing international responsibilities is an inevitable trend. All countries, especially the big ones, can complement one another by drawing on their strengths. China stands ready to fulfill its due responsibilities.

11年前，当金融海啸发生时，中美两国与世界各国同舟共济，携手合作，有效应对国际金融危机。今天，国际形势中不稳定不确定因素增多，世界面临着各种“黑天鹅”、“灰犀牛”，当惊涛骇浪再次来临时，各国唯一的选择仍应是同心协力，共克难关。

When the world was hit by the financial tsunami 11 years ago, China and the United States, together with other countries, worked in solidarity to effectively stem the crisis. Today there are more destabilizing factors and uncertainties in the international situation. And various 'black swans' and 'gray rhinos' are lurking across the world. If and when another storm hits, the only choice for us is still to rally together in the same spirit and with one heart, one mind.

作为联合国第二大会费国和维和摊款国，中国已向世界派出3.9万人次维和军事人员，是安理会常任理事国中派遣维和人员最多的国家。中国积极参与气候变化、可持续发展、核安全、网络安全、防扩散等多边治理进程，与各方一道推动热点问题的政治解决。中国重视在这些问题上同美国开展协调与合作。

As the second largest contributor to the UN regular budget and peacekeeping assessment, China has sent 39,000 peacekeeping military personnel to UN peace missions around the world, the largest among the permanent members of the UN Security Council. China has played an active part in the multilateral process of global governance regarding climate change, sustainable development, nuclear security, cyber-security and non-proliferation. China has been working with other countries to seek a political settlement of hot-spot issues. And we take seriously our cooperation and coordination with the US on all these issues.

习近平主席说过，中美合作可以办成许多有利于两国和世界的大事。两国元首已经达成共识，那就是在相互尊重的基础上管控分歧，在平等互利的基础上拓展合作，共同推进以协调、合作、稳定为基调的中美关系。

President Xi Jinping once pointed out that by working together, China and the United States can accomplish great things that benefit both countries and the world. The two Presidents have agreed that our two countries need to manage differences on the basis of mutual respect, expand cooperation on the basis of equality and mutual benefit, and jointly advance the China-US relations based on coordination, cooperation and stability.

怎样才能真正把这一共识落到实处？我提三点意见：

How to effectively implement what our Presidents have agreed upon? I wish to share with you three observations.

第一，对于双方可以开展合作的领域，应本着合作共赢的精神坚定不移向前推进和深化。

First, for areas where we can cooperate, we need to resolutely advance and deepen such cooperation in a win-win spirit.

新形势下，中美可以合作、应该合作的领域不断扩大，从反对恐怖主义、打击毒品犯罪到处理朝鲜半岛问题、阿富汗问题等，都需要中美双方集中精力深化合作，使两国人民和各国人民都能从中受益，并不断增强新时期中美关系发展的内生动力。最近，中国政府采取坚决措施整类列管芬太尼类物质，成为中美合作的一个新亮点。

Under the current circumstances, there are more and more areas where China and the US can and should cooperate. Issues ranging from fighting terrorism and drug-related crime to dealing with issues of the Korean Peninsula and Afghanistan, all require that our two countries engage in focused and deeper cooperation to benefit our peoples and beyond, and to lend new impetus to the growth of our relations in the new era. In the past weeks and months, the Chinese government has taken firm measures to schedule the whole class of fentanyl-related substances. This has become the latest highlight in China-US cooperation.

经贸合作是中美关系的“压舱石”，人文交流是“推进器”。我们不能把压舱石丢弃，也不要让推进器熄火，而是要在巩固现有合作基础上，着眼新的现实做出新的规划，积极寻找和扩大利益交汇点，不断拓展新的合作领域。要顺应两国人民的愿望，积极鼓励工商、科技、教育、旅游、文化、青年、地方等领域交流，而不是人为设限设卡。

In China-US relations, economic cooperation has been the 'ballast' and people-to-people exchanges the 'propeller'. The last thing we should do is to throw off the ballast or shut down the propeller. On the contrary, we need to build on the good work in place, craft new plans based on new realities, actively look for and expand our shared interests, and explore new areas of cooperation. Our people's desire for enhanced exchange and cooperation must be honored. Interactions on business, science, technology, education, tourism, culture, youth and at the sub-national level must be encouraged, not restricted or blocked.

第二，对于双方存在分歧的问题，应本着不冲突不对抗的精神妥善加以管控。

Second, for issues where we do not see eye to eye with each other, we need to have them properly managed in the spirit of avoiding conflict or confrontation.

中美竞争和分歧从来都存在，但我们不能让偏见和戒惧控制我们的思维，更不能让冲突和对抗主导中美关系，而要做好管控，坚持求同存异，更应聚同化异，为对话留下余地，为合作开辟空间。

It is nothing new that there is competition and disagreement between us. However, we must not let our mind be controlled by prejudice and apprehension, or let our relationship be defined by conflict and confrontation. What we need is to have those differences properly handled, and keep working to expand common ground while setting aside and reducing differences, so as to create space for dialogue and open up prospects for cooperation.

中方提出“一带一路”倡议，并不针对美方，美方一时有顾虑，我们可以对话沟通，但不应抹黑拆台。对于美国在全球的盟友体系以及提出的一些合作倡议，中方会尊重美方的传统影响和现实利益，但前提是不应损害中国的利益，更不应把矛头指向中国。中美在非洲、在拉美、在中东等地区也没有必要相互提防，而应增进理解，加强对话，探讨三方合作的可能。

China's Belt and Road Initiative is not targeted at the United States. There may be some doubts on the part of the US, something that could be worked out through dialogue and communication. What we don't welcome are attempts to discredit the initiative. Regarding the United States' global alliance system and cooperation proposals, China respects the traditional influence and actual interests of the United States. Yet neither the alliance system nor the proposals should be predicated on harming Chinese interests or targeting China. Meanwhile, there is no need for our two countries to guard against each other in Africa, Latin America or the Middle East. Rather, we may increase dialogue and mutual understanding, and explore the possibility for tripartite cooperation.

中美经贸摩擦应当通过对话协商来解决。中方谈判的大门一直敞开，谈判应当以相互尊重、平等互利为基础，以言而有信、言行一致为前提，不能在单边的威胁下进行，不能以牺牲中国正当合理的发展权为代价。最近双方在关税问题上都采取了一些释放善意的举措。上周，双方副部长级磋商在华盛顿开展了建设性讨论，希望第十三轮经贸高级别磋商能取得积极成果。中美都是有智慧的大国，相信双方只要坚持平等对话、合作共赢的理念，就一定能够找到有效管控进而妥善解决问题的办法。

Our trade frictions need to be resolved through dialogue and consultation. China has kept its door to negotiation open. Yet the negotiation must be based on mutual respect, equality, mutual benefit, and honoring one's word with action. Negotiation cannot take place under threats or at the expense of China's legitimate right to development. In recent weeks, both sides showed some goodwill on tariffs. Last week, a vice ministerial consultation was held in Washington, D.C., and the consultation was constructive. Hopefully the upcoming 13th round of high-level economic and trade consultations will produce a positive outcome. China and the US are both great countries with great wisdom. If we have dialogue as equals and pursue win-win cooperation, I am sure we can figure out a solution to effectively manage and properly resolve our differences.

第三，对于涉及彼此核心利益的事务，应本着相互尊重的精神坚持互不干涉内政。

Third, for matters that involve each other's core interests, China and the US need to stick to the principle of non-interference in each other's internal affairs in a spirit of mutual respect.

中美关系要稳定，最根本的是要尊重彼此的领土主权、社会制度以及发展道路、不把自己的意志和模式强加于对方。我们从不会干涉美国的内政，相信美国人民能够解决好自己的问题。同时美方也应以同样的态度对待中国，不干涉中国的内政。

If the China-US relationship is to remain stable, it is most important that we respect each other's territorial sovereignty, social system and development path, and try not to impose one's will or model on the other. China will never interfere in the internal affairs of the United States, and we trust that the American people are capable of sorting out their own problems. Likewise, we expect the US to treat China in the same spirit and not interfere in China's internal affairs.

台湾问题的本质是中国面临国土分裂的危险，而维护国家的统一和领土完整是任何政府都必须承担的责任，美国也不例外。中国一贯主张并致力于两岸和平统一，但绝不会任由“台独”张狂!希望美方切实恪守一个中国原则和中美三个联合公报，支持中国政府反对“台独”、反对分裂的努力。

On the Taiwan question, the crux of the matter is that China faces the danger of a separation of its territory. Upholding national unity and territorial integrity is the bounden duty of all governments in the world, with the US being no exception. China stands for and has worked toward peaceful reunification, yet we will never allow 'Taiwan independence' forces to get their way. We hope the United States will faithfully honor the one-China principle and the three Sino-US joint communiqués, and support the Chinese government in opposing 'Taiwan independence' and separation.

“一国两制”在香港取得了巨大成功，这是一个谁也无法否定的事实。反对暴力、守护法治是目前维护香港繁荣稳定的当务之急。希望美方言行一致，切实尊重中国的主权，尊重香港特区政府止暴制乱、恢复秩序的努力。

As for Hong Kong, the 'one country, two systems' arrangement has been a big success, a fact that no one can deny. To maintain Hong Kong's prosperity and stability, the pressing task now is to reject violence and defend the rule of law. We hope the US will be consistent in its words and actions, respect China's sovereignty, and respect the efforts of the Hong Kong SAR government to stop violence and restore order.

另外，我还想专门谈谈关于中国新疆的事情。近来，新疆自治区政府依法采取了一系列预防性反恐举措，这本来完全是中国的内政，但却受到了国际上一些反华势力的蓄意抹黑和攻击。事情的真相到底是什么？

Let me also spend a moment to talk about the Xinjiang region of China. The government of the Xinjiang Autonomous Region has recently taken a series of preventive measures against terrorism in accordance with law. This is purely China's internal matter, yet our preventive efforts have been deliberately discredited and attacked by some anti-China forces. So what is the truth of this matter?

真相是，中国政府历来重视新疆的稳定与发展，重视保护新疆的宗教和文化。新疆自治区成立64年来，新疆的地区经济总量增加了80倍，几十万贫困人口脱贫。新疆目前有28000多处宗教场所，近3万名宗教教职人员，这两个数字比几十年前增长了10倍。目前平均每530位穆斯林民众就拥有一座清真寺，这一比例比很多穆斯林国家都要高。

The truth is that the Chinese government has all along valued Xinjiang's stability and development, and taken care to preserve its religion and culture. In the 64 years since the Xinjiang Autonomous Region was established, its economy has grown by 80 times, and hundreds of thousands of local people have been lifted out of poverty. There are over 28,000 religious sites in Xinjiang and close to 30,000 clerical personnel. Both figures have increased ten-fold compared with several decades ago. Nowadays, every 530 Muslims in Xinjiang have a mosque, which is higher than even many Muslim countries.

真相是，新疆各族人民在过去二十多年里饱受极端和恐怖主义之害。从上世纪90年代开始，新疆地区发生了几千起暴恐案件，造成数千名无辜人员伤亡，对当地各族民众的生命、财产、正常宗教信仰自由等基本人权造成了严重破坏。

The truth is that people of different ethnicities in Xinjiang suffered deeply from extremism and terrorism in the last 20 years and more. There had been several thousand cases of violent terrorism since the 1990s, and thousands of innocent people had been killed or injured. These attacks took a heavy toll on the life and property of the local people and their freedom of religious belief and other fundamental human rights.

真相是，近年来新疆自治区采取的举措，目的很明确，就是从源头上预防极端主义和恐怖主义的滋生。这不仅符合中国法律，也是国际上提倡的共同理念。联合国《防止暴力极端主义行动计划》指出，贫困、失业和教育程度低，以及暴力极端主义随意歪曲和利用宗教信仰等是形成暴力极端主义的原因，建议各国更早介入，用预防措施配合打击暴力极端主义。新疆自治区正是这么做的，而且效果十分明显。三年来，新疆没有再发生过一起暴恐案件。

The truth is that the measures taken in Xinjiang in recent years have a clear-cut purpose. It is to prevent extremism and terrorism at the root. These measures are consistent with Chinese law and the common approaches of the global community. According to the UN's Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism, poverty, unemployment and low levels of education are the causes of violent extremism along with the distortion and exploitation by violent extremist groups of religious beliefs. The Plan of Action suggests early engagement and combining counter-extremism actions with preventive measures. That is precisely what Xinjiang has been doing. Visible progress has been made: There has not been a single case of violent terrorism in the past three years.

真相是，新疆设立的教培中心是帮助部分民众摆脱极端和恐怖主义影响、提高自身职业技能的学校，而绝非什么“集中营”。我们今年以来已邀请了上千名包括美国等西方国家在内的外交官、媒体、学者等各界人士赴新疆参访，去教培中心亲眼看一看，去新疆各地实地走一走。他们回来后都表示，看到的情况与某些西方势力和媒体的报道完全不一样。近日，50个国家联名致函联合国人权理事会主席，支持中国在涉疆问题上的立场，指出新疆设立教培中心等举措有效预防了极端和恐怖主义，保障了基本人权。在这些国家中，近30个国家是伊斯兰合作组织的成员国。

The truth is that the education and training centers in Xinjiang are schools that help the people in question free themselves from the influence of extremism and terrorism and acquire professional skills. The centers are anything but 'concentration camps'. This year, we have invited more than 1,000 Westerners from the diplomatic, media and academic circles, including from the United States, to visit Xinjiang. They have seen the education centers first-hand and visited other places. Their impression is that the situation on the ground is the opposite of what some Western forces and media have described. Not long ago some 50 countries, in a co-signed letter to the President of the Human Rights Council, expressed support for China's position on Xinjiang-related issues. They pointed out that the education and training centers and other measures in Xinjiang have effectively prevented extremism and terrorism, and basic human rights in Xinjiang have been safeguarded. Among the co-signatories, nearly 30 countries are members of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation.

谣言止于智者，止于眼见为实。新疆自治区所做的一切，都是为了2500万各族人民的幸福安康，都是为了给国际反恐事业作出更大贡献，对此我们光明磊落，坦坦荡荡。一切恶意的中伤和抹黑都注定不可能得逞。我们希望各国人士，包括在座的美国各界朋友更多了解事情真相，也欢迎大家有机会亲自去新疆走一走看一看，不要被谣言所蒙蔽和误导。

Rumors find no market among the fair-minded and pale in the face of facts. The measures taken by the Xinjiang Autonomous Region are all for the safety and happiness of the 25 million people of different ethnic groups there, and for contributing a greater share to the international fight against terrorism. We are fully open and above-board, and are confident that no vile smears will succeed. We hope to present a true picture of Xinjiang to all of you here and to people from other countries. We would welcome you to Xinjiang and see for yourselves the situation there, and we hope that no one is misled or deceived by the rumors.

各位朋友，

Friends,

中美关系是世界上最重要的双边关系。习近平主席曾指出，我们有一千条理由把中美关系搞好，没有一条理由把中美关系搞坏。

The China-US relationship is the most consequential bilateral relationship in the world. As President Xi Jinping has emphasized, our two countries have a thousand reasons to grow the relationship and none whatsoever to wreck it.

中美关系和全球和平发展的明天，取决于我们对历史经验教训的汲取，取决于我们今天的选择和行动。我相信，只要中美秉持不冲突不对抗、相互尊重、合作共赢的理念，切实增进互信，管控分歧，加强交流，扩大合作，中美关系就一定能健康稳定发展，为两国和世界人民带来更多福祉。谢谢大家！

The future of China-US relations and global peace and development hinges on us drawing on the experience and lessons of history, and on the choice we make and action we take today. I am confident when we effectively enhance mutual trust, properly manage differences and strengthen exchanges and cooperation in keeping with the principle of no conflict or confrontation, mutual respect and win-win cooperation, China-US relations will surely enjoy sound and steady growth, bringing greater benefits to people of our two countries and beyond. Thank you!