构建以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系
Build a New Type of International Relations Featuring Win-Win Cooperation
——对“21世纪国际关系向何处去”的中国答案
– China’s Answer to the Question “Where Are the International Relations of the 21st Century Heading”
中华人民共和国外交部部长 王毅
Wang Yi, Minister of Foreign Affairs People’s Republic of China
文章发表在《学习时报》6月20日头版
Published on the Front Page of Study Times, 20 June 2016
纵观近代民族国家体系形成以来的世界历史，国际社会既历经了热战与冷战的洗礼，也见证了发展与进步的潮流，既经受了对立与冲突的煎熬，也分享了沟通与融合的硕果，探索建立和平、公正、稳定的国际关系模式，始终是各国孜孜以求的目标。当前，世界多极化、社会信息化加速发展，经济全球化、文化多样化深入推进，国际社会进入格局调整、体系变革的关键阶段，“国际关系向何处去”这一时代命题更加突出地呈现在世人面前。在此背景下，以习近平同志为总书记的党中央及时提出构建以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系的重要思想，成为引导21世纪国际关系发展的重要理念。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂
In the world history since the formation of the nation states system in modern times, the international community experienced both hot wars and cold wars, witnessed the trend of development and progress, withstood the ordeals of confrontation and conflicts, and shared the benefits of communication and integration. All through these years, to build a model of international relations for peace, justice and stability remains a relentless pursuit of all countries. As the trend toward a multi-polar world, wider application of information technology, economic globalization and cultural diversity gains momentum, the international community is entering a crucial phase where changes are taking place in the world’s landscape and systems. “Where are international relations heading”, this question of our times thus cries out louder for an answer. Against such a backdrop, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as its General Secretary has put forth, in a timely fashion, the important thinking of building a new type of international relations featuring win-win cooperation, an important vision that will guide the development of international relations in the 21st century.
构建以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系成为中国外交的重要指导思想
Building a New Type of International Relations Featuring Win-Win Cooperation Has Become an Important Guiding Philosophy for China’s Diplomacy
2013年3月，习近平总书记访问俄罗斯时，首次提出推动建立以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系。2014年11月，习近平总书记在中央外事工作会议上强调，不能身体已进入21世纪，而脑袋还停留在冷战思维、零和博弈老框框内，要跟上时代前进步伐，推动建立以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系，把合作共赢理念体现到政治、经济、安全、文化等对外合作的方方面面。构建以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系成为中国外交的重要指导思想。2015年9月，习近平总书记在出席联合国成立70周年系列峰会期间，在联合国讲坛上提出，要继承和弘扬联合国宪章的宗旨和原则，构建以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系，同心打造人类命运共同体，得到国际社会广泛赞誉。构建以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系成为各国普遍认同和接受的思想理念。
In March 2013, during his visit to Russia, General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward, for the first time, the proposition to build a new type of international relations featuring win-win cooperation. In November 2014, General Secretary Xi stressed at the Central Conference on Work Relating to Foreign Affairs that one cannot live in the 21st century with the outdated thinking from the age of Cold War and zero-sum game and that it is important to keep abreast with the times, facilitate the building of a new type of international relations featuring win-win cooperation, and translate the vision on win-win cooperation into all aspects of external cooperation, including political, economic, security, cultural and other fields. Building a new type of international relations featuring win-win cooperation has since become an important guiding philosophy for China’s diplomacy. In September 2015, General Secretary Xi said at the UN headquarters during the summits commemorating the 70th anniversary of the founding of the UN, that it is vital to carry forward the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, build a new type of international relations featuring win-win cooperation, and make concerted efforts to foster a community of shared future for mankind. His remarks were widely acclaimed by the international community. Building a new type of international relations featuring win-win cooperation has since become a vision widely recognized and accepted by countries of the world.
构建以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系思想，秉承新中国外交优良传统，符合联合国宪章关于主权平等、和平解决国际争端、促成国际合作等宗旨和原则，契合当今时代发展潮流，是对传统国际关系理论的超越与创新，具有深刻的理论内涵和重大的现实指导意义。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂
The vision to build a new type of international relations featuring win-win cooperation embodies the fine diplomatic tradition of New China, conforms to the purposes and principles of the UN Charter about sovereign equality, peaceful settlement of international disputes, and international cooperation, and suits the trend of the times. It is an innovation that goes beyond traditional theories of international relations and boasts profound theoretical and realistic significance.
一是以命运共同体为处理国际关系的共同目标。过去500多年来，无论是殖民主义、帝国主义还是霸权主义，都带来对立与分裂，制造动荡与冲突，人类社会为此付出沉重代价。构建以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系思想在洞察国际形势和世界格局发展大势的基础上，对人类社会前进方向作出前瞻性思考，提出打造人类命运共同体的“五位一体”总布局和总路径，倡导“建立平等相待、互商互谅的伙伴关系，营造公道正义、共建共享的安全格局，谋求开放创新、包容互惠的发展前景，促进和而不同、兼收并蓄的文明交流，构筑尊崇自然、绿色发展的生态体系”。这展现了中国同各国同呼吸、共命运的世界情怀和大国担当，为国际社会实现持久和平与共同繁荣开辟了新前景。
First, it is a vision that takes a community of shared future as the common goal in handling international relations. Over the past five centuries and more, colonialism, imperialism and hegemonism have all led to confrontation, division, turmoil and conflict, for which mankind has paid a huge price. The vision on building a new type of international relations featuring win-win cooperation, based on insightful observations of the world’s situation and the evolution of the international landscape, is a forward-looking thinking on the future direction for the human society. It features an overall plan and roadmap for achieving a community of shared future in five dimensions, namely, a partnership of equality and mutual accommodation, a security structure of justice, joint contribution and shared benefits, a development prospect of openness, innovation, inclusiveness and reciprocity, inter-civilization exchanges that uphold unity without uniformity, and an ecological system that respects nature and nurtures green development. It is a vision that reflects China’s keen sense of responsibility for the world as a major country to share weal and woe with other countries and opens up new prospects of enduring peace and prosperity for the whole world.
二是以共同利益为处理国际关系的重要基础。当今世界，各国相互联系、相互依存、利益交融不断深化，共同营造和平稳定环境、谋求共同发展繁荣的现实需求和政治意愿也日益增强。构建以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系思想用整体而不是割裂的眼光看待和处理国际关系，倡导各国在维护本国利益的同时，将维护和促进人类共同利益作为看待和处理国际关系的重要出发点，强调“计利当计天下利”，主张各国在求同存异的基础上相互尊重、平等相待，不断凝聚和扩大共同利益，实现不同社会制度、不同发展道路、不同文化传统国家和平共处、和谐共生。这把握了时代脉搏，为国际关系长期、稳定、健康发展打下坚实基础。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂
Second, it is a vision that takes common interests as the important foundation for handling international relations. In today’s world, countries are increasingly inter-connected and inter-dependent with their interests more closely inter-woven. To create a peaceful and stable environment and pursue common development and prosperity reflects a rising need and represents a growing political will. The vision to build a new type of international relations featuring win-win cooperation views and handles international relations from a holistic instead of piecemeal approach, and encourages countries to protect and promote the common interests of mankind while safeguarding their own interests and takes it as an important premise in viewing and handling international relations. The vision highlights the importance of common interests of mankind, and maintains that countries should respect each other and treat each other as equals on the basis of shelving differences and seeking common ground, and that they should work to build and expand shared interests, so as to achieve peaceful and harmonious co-existence of countries despite their differences in social systems, development paths and cultural traditions. This is a vision that responds to the trend of the times and thus lays a solid foundation for sustained, steady and sound development of international relations.
三是以共赢为处理国际关系的基本原则。在西方国际关系理论中，弱肉强食、丛林法则被奉为圭臬，你输我赢、赢者通吃被视作天经地义。构建以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系思想超越了零和博弈、冷战思维等旧观念，认为“一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园”，主张在国际关系中尊重各国自主选择的社会制度和发展道路，坚持正确义利观，在维护自身利益同时兼顾各方利益，在谋求自身发展同时促进共同发展，致力于实现双赢、多赢、共赢。这顺应了国际社会的普遍愿望，为推动国际秩序朝着更加公正合理的方向发展提供了新思路。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂
Third, seeking win-win outcome is our basic principle in handling international relations. Western theories of international relations worship the law of the jungle which leaves the weak at the mercy of the strong and regard zero-sum game and winner-takes-all as an unalterable tenet. However, as we often say in China, “A single flower does not make spring, while one hundred flowers in full blossom bring spring to the garden.” The vision of building a new type of international relations featuring win-win cooperation rises above the zero-sum mentality of the Cold War and maintains that the social system and development path independently chosen by a country should be respected, that countries must have an enlightened view of its moral responsibility and national interests, and that every country, while pursuing its own development, should be sensitive to the interests of all sides and strive for win-win outcomes for all. This vision meets the common aspiration of the international community and suggests a new possibility of building a more just and equitable international order.
四是以合作为处理国际关系的主要方式。当前，国际社会处于大发展大变革大调整之中，各国既面临大国对抗风险下降、科技进步日新月异、区域合作方兴未艾等前所未有的重要机遇，也面对恐怖主义、气候变化、能源资源安全等日益增多的全球性挑战。单打独斗维护不了自身安全，以邻为壑、结盟对抗更没有出路，同舟共济、共享机遇、共迎挑战是各国处理相互关系的唯一正确选择。构建以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系思想站在世界和平与发展的战略高度审视国际关系，倡导以对话取代对立、以合作取代对抗，主张各国通过不断扩大互利合作，有效应对日益增多的全球性挑战，协力解决关乎世界发展和人类进步的重大问题。这指明了新形势下国际关系发展的正确路径，为国际社会扩大交流合作、避免冲突对抗注入强劲动力。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂
Fourth, cooperation is our preferred approach to handling international relations. The world is undergoing major development, transformation and adjustment. Thanks to the subdued risk of major-power confrontation, the phenomenal development of science and technology and booming regional cooperation, countries are faced with important opportunities never seen before. However, global challenges such as terrorism, climate change, and energy and resources security are also on the rise. In this context, no country can achieve security all by itself. A beggar-thy-neighbor approach or the alliance-or-confrontation mindset will lead nowhere. Coming together to share opportunities and meet challenges is the only viable way for us to handle state-to-state relations. The vision of building a new type of international relations featuring win-win cooperation approaches international relations from a strategic perspective of world peace and development. It aims to replace confrontation with dialogue and cooperation, and calls for all countries to work together to effectively address the widening array of global challenges and settle the major issues affecting human development and progress by expanding mutually beneficial cooperation. This is a sure path for the development of international relations under the new circumstances and injects a strong impetus to the global endeavor to increase exchanges and cooperation and prevent conflict and confrontation.
以合作共赢思想为指导，扎实推进构建新型国际关系的实践
China Has Worked Energetically to Build a New Type of International Relations Oriented Toward Win-Win Cooperation
中国不仅是新型国际关系的倡导者，也是积极践行者。党的十八大以来，在以习近平同志为总书记的党中央坚强领导下，我们以合作共赢思想为指导，扎实推进构建新型国际关系的实践，开辟了中国特色大国外交的崭新局面。
China not only advocates but also actively pursues the new type of international relations. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2012, under the leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the General Secretary, we have been making steady progress in building the new type of international relations of win-win cooperation, thus advancing our major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics.
政治上，逐步走出一条国与国交往的新路子。中国在主要大国中率先把建立伙伴关系确定为国家间交往的指导原则，坚持“对话而不对抗、结伴而不结盟”，同80多个国家和地区或区域组织建立了不同形式的伙伴关系，初步构建起遍布全球的伙伴关系网络。伙伴关系不设假想敌、不针对第三方，体现了和平性、平等性、包容性。我们努力构建总体稳定、均衡发展的大国关系框架，中美新型大国关系建设迈出坚实步伐，中俄全面战略协作伙伴关系保持高水平运行，中欧四大伙伴关系建设开花结果，中国同金砖国家团结合作日益深化。我们认真贯彻亲诚惠容的周边外交理念，与地区国家携手建设亚洲命运共同体，各层次、各领域合作全面展开，利益融合不断加深。我们积极践行正确义利观，着力加强同亚非拉发展中国家的团结合作，实现同发展中国家和地区合作架构全覆盖，推动同发展中国家合作迈上新台阶。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂
Politically, we are exploring a new path for state-to-state relations. China took the lead among major countries in making the establishment of partnerships as a guiding principle for state-to-state relations. Committed to having dialogue rather than confrontation and forming partnership rather than alliance, we have forged partnerships of various kinds with more than 80 countries, regions and regional organizations. As a result, China’s global partnership network is taking shape. It does not have any hypothetical enemy and is not targeted at any third party, thus keeping our relations with other countries peaceful, equal-footed and inclusive. We are working to set up a framework for major-country relations featuring overall stability and balanced development. Solid efforts have been made in building a new model of major-country relations with the United States. Our comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination with Russia has maintained high-standard performance. China-EU partnerships of peace, growth, reform and inter-civilization dialogue have yielded fruitful results. Solidarity and cooperation among BRICS countries have been deepened. We are committed to a neighborhood diplomacy of amity, sincerity, mutual benefit and inclusiveness, and working with other countries in Asia to build a community of shared future. Cooperation has been unfolding at different levels in various fields and has broadened our converging interests. We have developed an enlightened view of moral responsibility and national interests, strengthened solidarity and cooperation with other developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America, built a cooperation framework that covers all developing countries and regions, and elevated our cooperation with them to a new level.
经济上，推动形成包容性发展的新格局。中国在国际上积极倡导以公平、开放、全面、创新为核心的发展理念，推动各国增强发展能力、改善国家发展环境、优化发展伙伴关系、健全发展协调机制，为促进世界经济强劲、可持续、平衡增长作出重要贡献。我们全面参与联合国框架内可持续发展等问题的讨论与合作，积极推动制定2030年可持续发展议程。秉持共商、共建、共享原则，扎实推进“一带一路”建设，加强同沿线国家发展战略对接，为亚欧大陆和世界发展振兴注入强劲动力。积极推进互联互通建设，推动“一带一路”框架下重大互利合作项目全面展开并取得重要早期收获。大力深化国际产能合作，初步形成覆盖亚、非、欧、美四大洲的国际产能合作布局，使自身发展成果惠及更广泛的区域。发起成立亚洲基础设施投资银行、丝路基金、金砖国家新开发银行，促进全球经济治理机制改革完善。我们将以筹办二十国集团杭州峰会为契机，引导二十国集团成员深化改革、推进创新、加强协调，为推动构建创新、活力、联动、包容的世界经济作出中国贡献。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂
Economically, we are forging a new framework for inclusive development. China actively advocates fair, open, all-round and innovative development across the world, and calls on all countries to improve the capacity, environment, partnership and coordination mechanism for development and contribute their share to the strong, sustainable and balanced growth of the world economy. We have taken an active part in the discussions and cooperation on sustainable development within the UN frameworks as well as the formulation and adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. On the basis of wide consultation, joint contribution and shared benefit, we are advancing the Belt and Road Initiative (i.e. the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road) and aligning our development strategies with countries along the route so as to inject a strong impetus to the development of the Eurasian continent and the world at large. To improve connectivity, we are working on major mutually beneficial projects as part of the Belt and Road Initiative, with important “early harvests” already achieved. We are vigorously deepening production capacity cooperation with other countries and extending such cooperation across Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas so that other parts of the world will benefit more from China’s development. We initiated the founding of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, the Silk Road Fund and the BRICS Development Bank to improve the global economic governance architecture. We will take the G20 Hangzhou Summit as an opportunity to encourage all G20 members to advance reform, innovation and coordination. This will be China’s contribution to the building of an innovative, invigorated, interconnected and inclusive world economy.
安全上，积极提出维护国际地区安全的新思路。面对此起彼伏的国际地区热点以及纷繁复杂的各种全球性挑战，我们倡导共同、综合、合作、可持续的安全观，提出“解决热点问题三原则”，践行中国特色热点问题解决之道，为推动伊朗核、叙利亚、南苏丹、阿富汗、朝鲜半岛核等热点问题的政治解决作出重要贡献。倡导处理南海问题“双轨思路”，坚决维护国家领土主权和海洋权益，同时坚定致力于同地区国家共同维护南海和平稳定。积极参与国际反恐合作，主张反恐要标本兼治，反对搞双重标准。中国深入参与联合国维和行动，是安理会五常中派出维和人员最多的国家，贡献的维和经费已上升到世界第二位。中国加入联合国新的维和能力待命机制，建立8000人的维和待命部队，设立常备成建制维和警队。中国军舰连续7年在亚丁湾、索马里海域执行护航任务，先后为6000多艘中外船舶安全护航。我们还积极推进网络安全、应对气候变化国际合作，为维护世界和平与安全提供越来越多的公共产品，充分展现了负责任大国的担当。
On the security front, we have actively contributed our ideas to safeguarding international and regional security. Faced with the complex international and regional hotspots and global challenges, we have championed an outlook featuring common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, put forth the “three principles for settling hotspot issues” and followed the approach with distinctive Chinese features in seeking solutions, thereby making important contributions to the political settlement of the Iranian nuclear issue, issues of Syria, South Sudan, Afghanistan and the Korean nuclear issue. We call for a dual-track approach to handle the South China Sea issue to firmly uphold territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests, and at the same time commit to joint efforts with other countries in the region in maintaining peace and stability in the South China Sea. We take an active part in international counter-terrorism cooperation, call for addressing both the symptoms and root causes of terrorism, and oppose double standards. China has been deeply engaged in the UN peacekeeping operations. China is the largest troop contributing country among the permanent members of the UN Security Council and the second largest financial contributor to UN peacekeeping missions. China is in the process of joining the new UN Peacekeeping Capability Readiness System, building a peacekeeping standby force of 8,000 troops and establishing a permanent peacekeeping police squad. Chinese naval ships have provided escort services to over 6,000 Chinese and foreign vessels passing through the Gulf of Aden and waters off the Somali coast in the past seven years. China has also played an active part in promoting international cooperation on cyber security and climate change and offered a growing number of public goods in the interest of world peace and security, fulfilling its responsibility as a major country.
文化上，大力开创不同文明交流互鉴的新气象。文明因交流而多彩，因互鉴而丰富。中国历来主张维护文明多样性，倡导尊重各国自主选择的社会制度和发展道路，以文明交流互鉴取代文明对抗冲突，推动不同民族、文化、宗教交流交融、互学互鉴，求同存异、和谐共处。中国同美、俄、英、法、欧盟、印尼等多个国家和地区组织建立人文交流机制，推动科技、教育、文化、卫生、旅游、体育、青年、妇女等各领域交流合作。创办太湖世界文化论坛，以加强中外文化交流为宗旨，邀请各国知名人士共商不同文明对话与合作大计。倡议召开亚洲文明对话大会，加强青少年、民间团体、地方、媒体等各界交流，打造智库交流合作网络，让文明交流成为增进亚洲人民相互了解的桥梁、促进地区和平合作的平台。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂
On the cultural front, we have worked hard to boost exchanges and mutual learning among different civilizations. Exchanges and mutual learning add to the diversity and richness of civilizations. China has all long stood for protecting the diversity of civilizations. It believes in respecting the choices countries make of their own social systems and development paths and replacing confrontation and conflict among civilizations with exchanges and mutual learning. China has pushed for exchanges, mutual learning and integration among ethnic groups, cultures and religions for them to seek common ground and live in harmony. China has established mechanisms for cultural and people-to-people exchanges with the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, the European Union, Indonesia and other countries and regional organizations to enhance exchanges and cooperation in science and technology, education, culture, health, tourism, sports and among youth and women. We have initiated the Tai Hu World Cultural Forum with the mission of strengthening cultural exchanges between China and the rest of the world, inviting eminent people from various countries to discuss ways to promote dialogue and cooperation among civilizations. China has proposed to hold the Asia Civilization Dialogue Conference to increase interactions among the youth, civil groups, local communities and the media and to form a network of think-tank cooperation so that civilization exchanges will serve as a bridge to greater mutual understanding among Asian peoples and a platform for promoting regional peace and cooperation.
各国携手践行合作共赢理念，共同谱写21世纪国际关系新篇章
China Is Committed to Working with Other Countries to Pursue Win-win Cooperation and Write a New Chapter of International Relations in the 21st Century
大道至简。构建以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系思想应天时、接地气，表述朴实浅显，内涵丰富深刻，具有鲜明的中国特色和普遍的世界意义。概括起来，在国际关系中实现合作共赢就是要扩大共同利益，不要损人利己;要加强对话合作，不要对立对抗;要实现多赢共赢，不要零和博弈;要打造命运共同体，不要分裂分化。这是中国特色大国外交理论与实践创新的重大成果，其价值和意义正日益得到彰显。
Great truth is often expressed in a simple way. The vision of building a new type of international relations featuring win-win cooperation echoes the trend of the times and answers the need of reality. It embodies rich and profound dimensions, and is expressed in a simple and down-to-earth way. It has born distinctive Chinese features and high relevance to the whole of the world. In a nutshell, realizing win-win cooperation in international relations requires that we expand common interests instead of pursuing our own interests at the expense of others’, strengthen dialogue and cooperation instead of having antagonism and confrontation, pursue win-win benefits and all-win outcomes instead of zero-sum game, and build a community of shared future instead of sowing dissension and discord. This vision is a major innovation in the theory and conduct of major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics, and its value and significance are increasingly coming to the fore.
国际社会对构建以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系思想给予积极评价和热烈呼应，普遍认为中国提出这一思想理念的目的是强调基于共同利益基础之上的合作，避免相互冲突，通过对话来解决争端或达成协议，具有非常积极和进步的意义，同时也有可操作性，世界需要这样的思想理念;中国笃行构建以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系理念有利于世界各国相向而行，推动人类进步事业更好向前迈进。随着合作共赢思想理念在国际上日益深入，一个平等、包容、可持续的国际关系将更加清晰地展现在世人面前。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂
The vision of building a new type of international relations featuring win-win cooperation has received high appreciation and warm response from the international community. It is widely believed that this vision advocated by China is designed to promote cooperation underpinned by shared interests, avoid conflicts and settle disputes or reach agreement through dialogue. Hence, it is a highly positive and progressive vision. This vision can also be put into practical operation and it is a vision that the whole world needs to have. China’s firm commitment to this vision will inspire other countries to join hands in advancing the progress of mankind. As the idea of win-win cooperation is embraced by more people, the international relations featuring equality, inclusiveness and sustainability will prevail.
古人云：“执大象，天下往”。我们愿同各国携手践行合作共赢的思想理念，共同谱写21世纪国际关系的崭新篇章，创造各国人民共同享受尊严、共同享受发展成果、共同享受安全保障的光明未来。
As an old Chinese saying goes, “Great truth meets the aspiration of all.” China is ready to work with other countries to apply the vision of win-win cooperation, write new chapters in international relations in the 21st century, and create a brighter future of dignity, progress and security to be enjoyed by all.
