携手打造人类命运共同体
Work Together to Create a Community of Shared Future for Mankind
王毅
Wang Yi
2016年5月31日
31 May 2016
党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为总书记的党中央深刻洞察人类前途命运和时代发展趋势，准确把握中国与世界关系的战略走向，在一系列国际场合提出打造人类命运共同体的重要倡议，引起国际社会热烈反响，对当代国际关系正在产生积极而深远的影响。在党中央坚强领导下，中国外交高举打造人类命运共同体的旗帜，奋力开拓、阔步前行，维护世界和平、促进共同发展，谱写着中华民族走向伟大复兴新的辉煌篇章。
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary has, with a keen appreciation of the future of mankind and the trend of the times and an accurate grasp of the strategic direction of China’s relationship with the rest of the world, put forward the important vision of creating a community of shared future for mankind on a number of international occasions. This vision has received warm response from the wider international community and is exerting positive and far-reaching influence on contemporary international relations. Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee and holding high the banner of creating a community of shared future for mankind, China is making great strides in its diplomacy to uphold world peace and promote common development and is writing another splendid chapter in its journey toward the great renewal of the Chinese nation.
中国特色大国外交理论创新的重大成果
A Major Innovation in the Theory of Major-country Diplomacy with Chinese Features
人类命运共同体理念植根于源远流长的中华文明和波澜壮阔的中国外交实践，契合各国求和平、谋发展、促合作、要进步的真诚愿望和崇高追求，有着深刻丰富的理论内涵。3年多来，习近平同志在许多国际场合就这一理念作了重要论述。2015年9月，在联合国成立70周年系列峰会上，他全面阐述打造人类命运共同体的内涵，强调要建立平等相待、互商互谅的伙伴关系，营造公道正义、共建共享的安全格局，谋求开放创新、包容互惠的发展前景，促进和而不同、兼收并蓄的文明交流，构筑尊崇自然、绿色发展的生态体系。这五个方面形成了打造人类命运共同体的总布局和总路径，描绘了国际关系发展的美好前景，成为中国特色大国外交理论创新的重大成果。这五个方面从不同角度诠释了人类命运共同体的内涵，相辅相成、缺一不可，形成一个完整统一的有机整体。
The vision of a community of shared future for mankind is rooted in the time-honored Chinese civilization and the great conduct of China’s diplomacy. It also meets the sincere wishes and lofty aspirations of all countries for peace, development, cooperation and progress. This vision, therefore, has profound and rich theoretical meaning. In the past three years and more, President Xi Jinping has expounded on this important vision on numerous international occasions. In September 2015, at the summits commemorating the 70th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations, President Xi Jinping fully elaborated on the vision, laying emphasis on the need to forge partnerships in which countries treat each other as equals, engage in mutual consultation and show mutual understanding, create a security architecture featuring fairness, justice, joint contribution and shared benefits, promote open, innovative and inclusive development that benefits all, increase inter-civilization exchanges to enhance harmony, inclusiveness and respect for differences, and build an eco-system that puts mother nature and green development first. These five aspects, taken together, constitute the overall approach to create a community of shared future for mankind, depict a bright future for progress of international relations and represent a major innovation in the theory of major-country diplomacy with Chinese features. Each presenting the community of shared future for mankind from a different perspective, the five aspects are mutually reinforcing and indispensable parts of an integral whole.
构建伙伴关系是主要途径。打造人类命运共同体，要从构建全球伙伴关系做起。习近平同志强调，我们要在国际和区域层面建设全球伙伴关系，走出一条“对话而不对抗，结伴而不结盟”的国与国交往新路。打造人类命运共同体，倡导各国摆脱结盟或对抗的窠臼，顺应时代发展潮流，平等相待、互商互谅，探索构建不设假想敌、不针对第三方、具有包容性和建设性的伙伴关系。这为各国正确处理相互关系指明了方向和途径。
Building partnerships is a major pathway. It is where we should start if we are to create a community of shared future for mankind. Comrade Xi Jinping has stressed that we need to build global partnerships at regional and international levels and find a new path for state-to-state interactions featuring dialogue and partnership rather than confrontation and alliance. To create a community of shared future for mankind calls on all countries to abandon the outdated mindset of seeking alliance or confrontation, act along the trend of the times, treat each other as equals, value consultation and mutual understanding, and explore partnerships that are inclusive and constructive instead of targeting at an imagined enemy or any third party. This has made the direction and route clear for countries to properly handle their relations.
实现共同安全是重要保障。当今世界，各国安全相互关联、彼此影响。没有真正的安全，就不可能打造人类命运共同体。习近平同志指出，要树立共同、综合、合作、可持续安全的新观念，统筹应对传统和非传统安全威胁，走出一条共建共享共赢的安全之路。这一安全观是对世界和平与安全事业的积极贡献，有利于各国增进互信与协作、共同应对安全难题、维护世界和地区和平。
Realizing security for all is an important guarantee. Today, security of all countries is inter-related and will affect each other. Without genuine security, it would be impossible to create a community of shared future for mankind. Comrade Xi Jinping has pointed out that it is important to establish a new vision for common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, address traditional and non-traditional security threats in a coordinated manner, and ensure that security is upheld and shared by all. A positive contribution to global peace and security, the new security vision will help enhance mutual trust and coordination among countries and enable them to work together to address security challenges and maintain world and regional peace.
坚持合作共赢是基本原则。新的时代呼唤新的思维。习近平同志指出，要构建以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系，摒弃零和游戏、你输我赢的旧思维，树立双赢、共赢的新理念，在追求自身利益时兼顾他方利益，在寻求自身发展时促进共同发展。中国积极倡导合作共赢，以合作取代对抗，以共赢取代独占。这从根本上摒弃了弱肉强食的丛林法则，有利于开辟国与国之间携手共进、共同发展的新时代。
Win-win cooperation is the fundamental principle. New era calls for new mentality. Comrade Xi Jinping has pointed out that it is important to build a new type of international relations featuring win-win cooperation, replace the old mindset of zero-sum game with a new thinking for win-win and all-win progress, accommodate others’ interests while pursuing one’s own and promote common development while striving for one’s own. China is a strong advocate for win-win cooperation, which should take the place of confrontation and exclusiveness. This fundamentally rejects the law of the jungle under which the weak is bullied by the strong and will help open up a new era of joint progress and common development for all countries.
促进文明交流是牢固纽带。建设人类命运共同体，促进文明交流互鉴是重要一环。习近平同志强调，不同民族、不同文明没有优劣之分，只有特色之别；不同文明和谐共处、交流互鉴，可以成为增进各国人民友谊的桥梁、推动人类社会进步的动力、维护世界和平的纽带。只有秉持这样的文明观，不同文明才能实现共同发展，共同促进人类社会和谐进步。而鼓吹“文明冲突论”或“文明优越论”，是与打造人类命运共同体背道而驰的。
Promoting inter-civilization exchanges is a strong bond. It is an important aspect of the endeavor to build a community of shared future for mankind. Comrade Xi Jinping has stressed that each nation and civilization have its distinct features, and no one can claim to be superior to others. Diverse civilizations, through harmonious coexistence and mutual learning, may become a bridge of friendship among peoples, a driving force for social progress and a bond for world peace. Only with such attitude toward civilization can different civilizations flourish together and jointly promote harmony and progress of human society. Any rhetoric to stir up “clash of civilizations” or trumpet the superiority of a certain civilization runs counter to the endeavor to create a community of shared future for mankind.
推动可持续发展是必要条件。习近平同志指出，国际社会应该携手同行，牢固树立尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然的意识，坚持走绿色、低碳、循环、可持续发展之路，实现世界的可持续发展和人的全面发展。人类社会实践表明，只有如此，各国才能解决好工业文明带来的矛盾，以人与自然和谐相处为目标，一道建设和维护人类共同的地球家园。
Promoting sustainable development is an important precondition. Comrade Xi Jinping has made it clear that the international community should work together to raise the awareness of the need to respect, accommodate and protect nature, adhere to the path of green, low-carbon, circular and sustainable development, and realize sustainable development of the world and all-round development of human being. The history of human society shows that only in this way can countries effectively address challenges brought by industrial civilization, work for harmony between man and nature, and jointly build and protect our shared planet.
人类发展与世界和平事业的中国元素
The China Element in the Cause of Human Development and World Peace
打造人类命运共同体理念，引领人类发展进步潮流，推动世界和平与繁荣实践，具有鲜明的中国特征。
The vision of a community of shared future for mankind charts the course for human development and progress, and aims to promote world peace and prosperity. It is a vision with distinct Chinese features.
正义性。打造人类命运共同体，意味着各国不分大小、强弱、贫富一律平等，共同享受尊严、发展成果和安全保障，维护以联合国宪章宗旨和原则为核心的国际关系基本准则和国际法基本原则，弘扬和平、发展、公平、正义、民主、自由等全人类的共同价值。这就牢牢占据了人类道义和时代发展的制高点。
It is a vision of justice. In a community of shared future for mankind, all countries, irrespective of their size, strength and wealth, are equal, and all are entitled to enjoy dignity, development benefits and security guarantee due to them; all observe the basic norms governing international relations centering around the purposes and principles of the UN Charteras well as the basic principles of international law, and all work to uphold the universal values of peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy and freedom. The vision is based on a moral high ground and leads the trend of development of the times.
和平性。和平是中国外交的根本属性，也是打造人类命运共同体的本质特征和重要前提。打造人类命运共同体，需要各国都坚持走和平发展道路，反对使用或威胁使用武力；既坚定维护国家主权和正当权益，又坚持通过对话协商以和平方式处理国际争端，实现各国和睦相处、和谐共生、和平发展。
It is a vision of peace. The fundamental nature of China’s diplomacy is for peace, and peace constitutes the nature and a prerequisite of the vision of a community of shared future for mankind. To build such a community, all countries are called upon to adhere to the path of peaceful development, oppose the use or threat of force, be resolute in upholding the sovereignty and legitimate rights and interests of a nation, and stay committed to peaceful settlement of international disputes through dialogue and negotiation. The purpose is to bring about harmony and amity among nations as well as peaceful development for all.
包容性。人类命运共同体是一个生机勃勃、开放包容的体系。不同地理区域、历史文化、社会制度、经济体量、发展阶段的国家，只要认同人类命运共同体的核心理念，就可以求同存异、和而不同、加强合作、谋求共赢，维护和拓展各自正当国家利益，并为推动人类社会发展进步作出应有贡献。
The vision is an inclusive one. The community of shared future for mankind is in itself an open and inclusive system that holds bright prospects. It brings countries together, however different they may be in geographical location, history, culture, social system, size of economy or development stage. As a core concept of such a community, countries come together in a common cause to foster common ground and harmonious coexistence by shelving their differences, and all work to strengthen win-win cooperation, uphold and expand legitimate national interests, and each contribute their fair share to human development and progress.
综合性。人类命运共同体是一个多向度的概念。从地理区域看，中国在双边、地区、全球层面都提出了构建命运共同体倡议。从领域内涵看，人类命运共同体理念涵盖政治、安全、发展、文明、生态等多个领域。从发展进程看，可以分为利益共同体、责任共同体和命运共同体三个阶段。利益共享、责任共担，为打造命运共同体提供重要基础和必由之路，打造命运共同体则是构建利益共同体和责任共同体的结合和升华。
The vision is an integrated one. The community of shared future for mankind is a multi-dimensional concept. In terms of geographical scope, China has called for building communities of shared future at the bilateral, regional and global levels. In terms of content, the community of shared future covers the political field, as well as security, development, culture and the environment. The evolution of the vision has gone through three stages: a community of shared interests, a community of shared responsibilities and a community of shared future. Shared interests and shared responsibilities constituted the foundation and due path for building a community of shared future, which is an elevated integration of the community of shared interests and the community of shared responsibilities.
科学性。打造人类命运共同体，是对人类社会发展进步潮流的前瞻性思考，是需要国际社会为之长期奋斗的共同理想和愿景目标，同时也是各国共同破解当下发展与安全难题、正确处理相互关系所应秉持的共同价值、行为准则和手段路径。打造人类命运共同体思想，从国际关系实践中产生，又在实践中不断丰富发展，闪耀着辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义科学精神的光芒。
The vision is a scientific one. It is a forward-looking idea regarding the trend of development in the world. It represents a common aspiration and common goal of human development and requires long-term efforts of all countries in the world. At the same time, it represents the common value, code of conduct and pathway that countries need to embrace to jointly tackle the current development and security challenges and properly handle state-to-state relations. The vision originates from the practice of international relations and keeps moving forward with the development in the real world. It shines as the crystallization of dialectical materialism and historical materialism.
国际秩序和国际体系变革的中国方案
A China Solution Regarding the Changing International Order and International System
打造人类命运共同体，为人类社会发展进步指明了方向、描绘了蓝图。当前，世界正处于历史性变革之中，国际秩序和格局以及全球治理体系正在发生深刻复杂演变。各国都在思考，应如何维护二战后建立的以联合国宪章宗旨和原则为核心的国际秩序？如何推动国际关系朝着民主化、法治化、合理化的方向发展？如何在经济全球化、世界多极化、文化多样化、社会信息化的时代背景下推动各国同舟共济、携手合作，共同走向美好的明天？面对这些重大课题，中国倡导打造人类命运共同体，提出了推动国际秩序和国际体系变革的中国方案。按照这一方案，中国将与其他国家共同营造人人免于匮乏、获得发展、享有尊严的光明前景，建设“各美其美，美人之美，美美与共，天下大同”的美好世界。
The vision of a community of shared future for mankind charts the course and draws the blueprint for human development and progress. Changes of a historic nature are taking place in the world, and the international order and the global landscape as well as the global governance system are in a process of profound and complex evolution. Countries are eagerly looking for solutions to such question as how to uphold the post-war international order with the purposes and principles of the UN Charter at the core? How to promote democracy, the rule of law and proper balance in international relations? How could countries work together for a better future at a time of growing economic globalization, multi-polarization, cultural diversity and in an information era? China’s solution to these significant questions is to build a community of shared future for mankind. The China solution is put forward to help address the changing international order and system. What it points to is a bright future where all are free from want, all have access to development and enjoy dignity, and all live in a beautiful world of harmony and mutual respect.
打造人类命运共同体，为中华民族伟大复兴开辟了新境界、提供了新动力。当今中国比历史上任何时期都更加走近世界舞台的中央，比历史上任何时候都更加接近实现民族复兴的目标。随着中华民族伟大复兴进入关键阶段，中国与世界的前途命运空前紧密地联系在一起。中国倡导并推动人类命运共同体建设，把中国人民的利益同各国人民的共同利益结合起来，把中国梦同世界梦连结起来，赋予中华民族伟大复兴更加深刻的世界意义，体现了中国将自身发展与世界共同发展相统一的全球视野、世界胸怀和大国担当。在打造人类命运共同体进程中，中国推动世界各国和平共处、良性互动、合作共赢，将为中华民族伟大复兴营造良好外部环境。
The initiative of building a community of shared future for mankind has broken new ground for the great renewal of the Chinese nation and lent it fresh impetus. China today is moving closer to the center of the world stage and to realizing the goal of national renewal than ever before. As China enters the critical stage of the great national renewal, its future and destiny are ever more closely connected with that of the world. As part of advocating and advancing the building of a community of shared future for mankind, China will promote the interests of its own people in conjunction with the common interests of people all over the world and pursue the Chinese dream in the course of attaining the dream of the whole world, thus adding a more profound global significance to the great renewal of the Chinese nation. This demonstrates the global vision of China as a responsible major country to synergize its own development with the common development of the world. In building a community of shared future for mankind, China encourages all countries to coexist peacefully, engage in sound interaction and seek win-win cooperation. This in turn will create a favorable environment for the great renewal of the Chinese nation.
打造人类命运共同体，引领中国特色大国外交理论与实践创新，丰富了党中央治国理政的理念和方略。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为总书记的党中央在保持对外大政方针稳定性连续性基础上，大力推进外交理论与实践创新，开启了中国特色大国外交新征程。作为中国外交创新的核心成果，打造人类命运共同体和实现中华民族伟大复兴一道成为中国特色大国外交追求的目标。在这一目标指引下，确立了以坚持和平发展为战略选择、以寻求合作共赢为基本原则、以建设伙伴关系为主要路径、以践行正确义利观为价值取向的中国特色大国外交理论体系框架，丰富了以习近平同志为总书记的党中央治国理政的理念和方略，成为中国特色社会主义理论体系的重要组成部分。
The initiative of building a community of shared future for mankind is a key component in China’s innovation in the theory and practice of major-country diplomacy with Chinese features and enriched the national governance approaches and strategies of the Party Central Committee. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary, on the basis of overall continuity in major foreign policies, has pioneered new theories and practices of Chinese foreign policy and set China on a new journey of major-country diplomacy with Chinese features. As the core outcome of these pioneering efforts, the building of a community of shared future for mankind, together with the realization of the great renewal of the Chinese nation, has been held up as twin goals of major-country diplomacy with Chinese features. It is under the guidance of this vision that we have established the theoretical framework of major-country diplomacy with Chinese features, with peaceful development as the strategic choice, win-win cooperation as the basic principle, partnership-building as the main pathway, and balanced approach to friendship and interests as the overarching principle. This has enriched the national governance approaches and strategies of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary and become an important component of the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
打造人类命运共同体，融会贯通中外优秀思想文化和智慧，增进了中国同世界的沟通认知。打造人类命运共同体理念，传承和弘扬“和为贵”“世界大同”“天人合一”等中华优秀传统思想文化，同坚持独立自主的和平外交政策、坚持和平共处五项原则、坚持互利共赢的开放战略、坚持推动建设和谐世界等新中国优秀外交传统一脉相承，同时反映了各国人民追求发展进步的共同愿望以及一些区域和国家建立不同形式共同体的有益经验，既具有鲜明的中国特色，又蕴含全人类共同价值，获得世界各国特别是发展中国家的广泛支持。这一理念寻求各国建设美好世界的最大公约数，不断增进中外人民之间的思想和心灵沟通，加强中国同世界各国的认知认同。
The initiative of building a community of shared future for mankind has drawn on the culture and wisdom of both China and other countries and enhanced the communication and understanding between China and the world. The concept of community of shared future for mankind carries forward traditional Chinese philosophical beliefs such as “harmony is of paramount value”, “achieve universal prosperity in the whole world” and “unity of man and nature”. It is in line with the diplomatic traditions of New China, including the independent foreign policy of peace, Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence, win-win strategy of opening up and the building of a harmonious world. It also reflects the common aspiration of people all over the world for development and progress and the beneficial experience of some regions and countries in building communities. Embodying both salient Chinese features and common values of all mankind, it has won the support of countries all over the world, particularly developing ones. This concept is aimed to seek the broadest common interests of countries in building a better future for mankind, and will be conducive to enhancing heart-to-heart communication between people in China and other countries and the mutual understanding between China and the rest of the world.
“长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。”中国不仅是打造人类命运共同体的倡导者，也是实践者、贡献者和先行者。在打造人类命运共同体的征程上，中国外交将继续奏响和平发展、合作共赢的时代强音，为实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标和中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦营造更加有利的国际环境，为推动人类和平与发展进步事业作出新的更大贡献。
“A time will come to ride the wind and cleave the waves, I’ll set my cloud-like sail to cross the sea which raves.” China is not only an advocate for the building of a community of shared future, but also a practitioner, contributor and pioneer. On this journey, Chinese diplomacy will continue to uphold the themes of peaceful development and win-win cooperation, foster a more favorable international environment for the realization of the two centenary goals and the Chinese dream of great national renewal, and make new and even greater contribution to peace, development and progress of mankind.
