18.5.3中英双语：刘晓明大使在英国圣安德鲁斯大学的主旨演讲

刘晓明大使在英国圣安德鲁斯大学的主旨演讲：《开放包容，永争一流，共创更加美好的世界》

Keynote Speech by H.E. Ambassador Liu Xiaoming at the University of St Andrews: Ever to be Open, Ever to Excel

 （2018年5月2日，英国圣安德鲁斯大学）

The University of St Andrews, 2 May 2018

尊敬的圣安德鲁斯大学校长梅普斯顿女士，

Vice Chancellor Mapstone,

尊敬的苏格兰商会主席蒂姆·阿兰先生，

Mr. Allan,

老师们、同学们，

Teachers and Students,

女士们、先生们，

Ladies and Gentlemen:

很高兴访问美丽的圣安德鲁斯大学。我出任中国驻英国大使已经八年有余，走访了英国不少大学，一直期盼访问圣安德鲁斯大学，但一直未能找到机会。今天我终于来了，这使我想起我在大学学到的一句英国谚语：“可口的晚餐不怕晚”（It is never too late to have a delicious supper）。然而，我来英国后曾向英国朋友讨教，他们有的说这不是英国谚语，有的说这是。不管是不是，我今天来圣安德鲁斯大学的目的不是为了一顿可口的晚餐，虽然我要感谢梅普斯顿校长刚刚款待了我一顿可口的午餐。我还要感谢梅普斯顿校长告诉了我一句地道的苏格兰谚语：“彭斯之夜晚餐不怕晚”（It is never too late to have a Burns Supper）。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

It is a real delight to come to the beautiful campus of the University of St Andrews.

I have visited many British universities during my eight years as Chinese Ambassador to the UK. The University of St Andrews, however, remains on my wish list until the opportunity presents itself today.

This reminds me of an English proverb I learned at college which goes "It is never too late to have a delicious supper." Since coming to Britain, I have consulted my friends in this country. Some say it is not an English proverb. Others say it is.

Anyway, a delicious supper is not my reason to be here, although I thank Vice-Chancellor Mapstone for treating me to a delicious lunch a moment ago. I also want to thank the Vice-Chancellor for sharing with me a Scottish saying about supper: "It is never too late to have a Burn's supper".

言归正传，我此访的目的，一是感受圣安德鲁斯大学悠久的历史传承和厚重的文化底蕴；二是与圣安德鲁斯大学的老师和同学们就当今世界重大议题进行交流。

Coming back to my reasons to visit St Andrews, they are first of all to appreciate the University's time-honoured history and rich cultural heritage, and second, to meet you, the teachers and students and exchange views on important issues of our world today.

圣安德鲁斯大学历史悠久，人才辈出，培育了美国开国元勋、《独立宣言》签署者威尔逊和威瑟斯彭，5位诺贝尔奖获得者，以及对数发明人纳皮尔，世界上第一个研制出天花疫苗的“免疫学之父”詹纳，还有剑桥公爵威廉王子和公爵夫人凯特王妃。

I am overwhelmed by St Andrews' splendid list of alumni:

•      Five Nobel laureates;

•      John Napier, discoverer of logarithms;

•      Edward Jenner, the pioneer of smallpox vaccine and father of immunology;

•      James Wilson and John Witherspoon, founding fathers of the United States of America and signatories of the Declaration of Independence;

•      And Their Royal Highnesses The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge.

圣安德鲁斯大学与中国也很有缘分，不仅同中国人民大学和香港大学建立了学生交换项目，也同中国国家留学基金委员签订合约，联合培养中国高质量的博士学生。目前有超过550名中国学生在此学习。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

I am also impressed by St. Andrews' close ties with China. These include the student exchange programmes with Renmin University of China and the University of Hong Kong, and the joint Chinese PHD students programme with the China Scholarship Council. As I speak, there are over 550 Chinese students studying at St. Andrews.

校训是一个学校的灵魂。圣安德鲁斯大学的毕业生之所以英才济济，离不开学校校训的引领，即“永争一流”（Ever to Excel)。我很欣赏这条校训，因为只有秉持“永争一流”的精神，才能精益求精，不畏艰险，顽强拼搏，勇攀事业的高峰。

Most of all, I admire St. Andrews' official motto, the soul of this University.

"Ever to Excel" must have inspired generations of outstanding graduates to constantly strive for perfection, to fear no danger, to stop at no hardship, and to always set the highest goals for themselves.

如何才能“永争一流”？我认为，无论对个人还是国家而言，最重要的都是把握时代发展的潮流，顺应世界前进的方向，坚持开放包容、兼收并蓄、博采众长，而不是搞“一国优先”，搞保护主义和孤立主义。今天，我想以开放包容为主题，与大家分享我对中国的发展、对中英关系以及对未来世界的看法。

In today's world, "Ever to excel" requires one, whether a person or a country, to keep abreast with the trend of the times, to stay open and be inclusive. That means one should not put a single country first and revert to protectionism and isolationism.

On this note, I will focus my speech today on openness and inclusiveness and share with you my views on China's development, China-UK relations and the future of the world.

今年是中国改革开放40周年。40年来，开放包容始终是中国发展的主旋律，也是中国发展成功的秘诀。

Openness and inclusiveness has been the main theme of China's development in the past 40 years of reform and opening up. It is also the secret to China's success.

40年来，从农村到城市，从试点到推广，从经济体制改革到全面深化改革，中国坚持立足国情、放眼世界，既强调独立自主、自力更生，又注重对外开放、合作共赢；既坚持社会主义基本政治制度，又探索社会主义市场经济改革方向；既“摸着石头过河”在实践中创新发展，又不断研究新情况、解决新问题、总结新经验，在发展中完善制度，书写国家和民族发展的壮丽诗篇。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

For 40 years, China has expanded the reform from rural areas to cities, from pilot zones to the whole country, and from economic restructuring to deeper reforms across the board.

In this process,

•      China has taken into full consideration its national conditions and at the same time adopted a global view. It has emphasised both independence and self-reliance, and opening up and win-win cooperation.

•      China has adhered to socialism as its fundamental political system and at the same time carried out reforms to adopt market economy.

•      China has been both practical and pioneering in its reforms. "Crossing the river by feeling the stones" is how China experimented and pressed ahead with many of its reform programmes. At the same time, when reforms lead to new situations, encountered new problems and gathered new experience, these were examined, addressed and incorporated in a new round of reform. This is how China has improved its system through development, and written a success story in its national development.

40年来，我们始终坚持对外开放的基本国策，打开国门搞建设，加快发展开放型经济。今天，中国已经成为世界第二大经济体、第一大工业国、第一大货物贸易国、第一大外汇储备国。40年来，中国国内生产总值年均增长约9.5%，对外贸易额年均增长14.5%。

For 40 years, China has remained committed to opening up. This has been a fundamental national policy and the success of this policy is an open China with an open economy.

China today is the world's second largest economy, largest industrial producer, largest trader in goods, and largest holder of foreign exchange reserves. China's economy has been growing at an average annual rate of 9.5% and its foreign trade at 14.5%.

40年来，我们始终致力于建设开放型世界经济，从建立经济特区到加入世界贸易组织，从大规模“引进来”到大踏步“走出去”，再到“一带一路”建设，开放水平显著提高。改革开放以来，中国累计吸引外资超过1.7万亿美元，累计对外直接投资超过1.2万亿美元，连续多年对世界经济增长贡献率超过30%，成为世界经济增长的主要稳定器和动力源。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

For 40 years, China has stayed committed to building an open world economy. From establishing special economic zones to joining the WTO, from massive inflow of FDI and big steps in outbound investments to proposing the Belt and Road Initiative, China has opened its market at an increasingly higher level.

The result is encouraging. Since adopting the reform and opening up policy, China has opened a market of over $1.7 trillion to foreign investment, and invested over $1.2 trillion overseas. In recent years, China has contributed over 30% of world economic growth every year and become a major stabiliser and powerhouse for world economic growth.

40年来，我们始终坚持尊重世界文明多样性，主张以文明交流超越文明隔阂，以文明互鉴超越文明冲突，以文明共存超越文明优越，将开放包容的中国精神融入构建人类命运共同体的伟大进程，呼吁世界各国遵循开放包容的精神，创造人类美好未来。

For 40 years, China has adhered to the policy of respecting the diversity of civilisations. We have called for exchanges between civilisations as a way to clear misunderstanding. We have advocated mutual learning in order to eliminate conflicts. And we have championed equal-footed coexistence over the myth of superior civilisation.

The Chinese people cherish the spirit of openness and inclusiveness. And in this spirit, China proposes to build a community with a shared future for mankind, and hopes that countries in the world will join in to create a more beautiful future.

女士们，先生们，

Ladies and gentlemen,

去年，我们庆祝了中英建立大使级外交关系45周年。回顾过去，开放包容也是中英关系发展的主旋律，同时也是两国合作深入推进的强大动力，主要体现在三个方面：

Last year, China and the UK celebrated the 45th anniversary of ambassadorial diplomatic ties. For 45 years, openness and inclusiveness has also been the main theme of this relationship and the driving force behind the ever deeper cooperation between our two countries. This is reflected in the following three aspects:

一是开拓思路，创新模式，开创解决历史问题新范例。去年是香港回归中国20周年。香港顺利回归中国，不仅扫清了中英关系的历史障碍，推动中英关系“轻装前进”，也为世界各国通过和平谈判解决历史遗留问题树立了典范，为推动世界和平、发展与进步事业贡献了“中国方案”和“中国智慧”。我有幸参加了香港政权交接仪式，亲历了这一历史性时刻，也与英国结下“不解之缘”。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

First, in the spirit of openness and inclusiveness, China and the UK have created a new model for addressing historical problems.

Last year marks the 20th anniversary of the return of Hong Kong. The returning of Hong Kong cleared the historical obstacle for China-UK relations. It also set an example for countries hoping to address historical issues through peaceful negotiations. This has been a successful application of "Chinese solution" and "Chinese wisdom" in pursuit of world peace, development and progress.

I had the honor to attend the handover ceremony 20 years ago and witness this historic moment. That was in fact the beginning of my close bond with Britain.

二是相互尊重，平等相待，开启中英关系新时代。过去40多年，中英关系实现“四级跳”：从外交关系正常化到建立全面伙伴关系，到全面战略伙伴关系，再到面向21世纪全球全面战略伙伴关系，开启两国关系“黄金时代”。中英关系之所以能取得跨越式发展，根本原因在于双方认识到，只有尊重彼此自主选择的社会制度和发展道路，尊重彼此核心利益和重大关切，求同存异，开放包容，聚同化异，才能将中英关系打造成为大国之间相互尊重、互信合作的典范。

Second, in the spirit of openness and inclusiveness, China and the UK have respected each other and ushered in a new era for our bilateral relations.

In over forty years, China-UK relationship has leaped up four stages: from normalisation of diplomatic ties, to comprehensive partnership, to comprehensive strategic partnership, and then to global comprehensive strategic partnership for the 21st century and the China-UK "Golden Era".

The fundamental reasons for this leapfrogging development are: First, mutual respect for each other's independent choice of social system and development path; Second, respect for each other's core interests and major concerns; Third, pursuit of common interests while respecting differences.

Our shared belief in openness and inclusiveness has helped make China-UK relationship an example of mutual respect, mutual trust and win-win cooperation between major countries.

三是携手并进，共谋发展，开辟合作共赢新境界。在双方共同努力下，中英各领域合作不断深化，开创了诸多“第一”：英国第一个发行人民币债券，中国各大银行相继在伦敦开设分行或子行，伦敦成为中国境外最大人民币离岸中心；英国在西方大国中第一个申请加入亚投行，第一个向亚投行基础设施项目注资，第一个设立“一带一路”特使和专家理事会；中国对英投资不断攀升，高居对欧洲各国投资之首；英国还是吸引中国留学生最多，开办孔子学院最多，开展校际合作最广泛的欧洲国家。目前中国在英留学生超过17万，其中约有1万多名中国留学生在苏格兰学习，已成为苏格兰最大的外国留学生群体。在英孔子学院有29所、孔子课堂156个，注册学员超过16万。苏格兰地区拥有5所孔子学院和44个孔子课堂，按人口计算是全球孔子学院和课堂分布最密集的地区。昨天，我在苏格兰设得兰群岛中耶尔中学，为全英最北端的孔子课堂揭牌。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

Third, in the spirit of openness and inclusiveness, China and the UK have joined hands to pursue win-win development.

Thanks to the efforts on both sides, China and the UK have deepened cooperation across the board and created many "first's".

•      The UK is the first foreign country to issue RMB-denominated bond. Major Chinese banks have set up branches or subsidiaries in London, creating the largest offshore RMB centre outside China.

•      The UK is the first among Western major countries to apply to join the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), the first to inject capital into AIIB infrastructure development projects, and the first to appoint a special envoy to the Belt and Road Initiative and set up the Expert Board.

•      The UK is the largest destination in Europe for Chinese investment.

•      And of all European countries, the UK has the largest number of Chinese overseas students and Confucius Institutes and boasts the most extensive cooperation with Chinese universities.

There are over 170,000 Chinese students in the UK, of who over 10,000 are here in Scotland. They are the largest international student community in Scotland.

Across the UK, there are 29 Confucius Institutes and 156 Confucius Classrooms, with over 160,000 registered students.

Of these, five Confucius Institutes and 44 Confucius Classrooms are located in Scotland. In proportion to its population, Scotland has more Confucius Institutes and Classrooms than any other parts of the world.

我高兴地看到，中国与苏格兰开放包容合作硕果累累。现在有50多家苏格兰企业在华设立机构，中国在苏投资遍地开花，涵盖能源、零售、汽车、创新等诸多领域。中国中铁三局集团在苏格兰投资100亿英镑开发综合型基础设施项目建设，中国携程旅游网出资14亿英镑收购总部设在爱丁堡的天巡网，中国长江三峡集团公司和葡萄牙电力公司联合成功中标位于苏格兰马里湾海域的海上风电项目，将中国工程技术应用优势与英国海上风能研发技术完美结合在一起。

I am happy to tell you that yesterday I unveiled the Confucius Classroom in the farthest and northernmost part of Scotland and of Britain. That is Mid Yell Junior High School in Shetland.

The open and inclusive cooperation between China and Scotland has yielded many fruitful results. Over 50 Scottish companies have set up businesses in China. Chinese investment has found their way into energy, retail, automobile, innovation and other areas in Scotland. Let me give you a few examples.

•      China Railway No.3 Engineering Group has invested £10 billion in Scotland's comprehensive infrastructure projects.

•      China's Ctrip invested £1.4 billion and acquired the Edinburgh-headquartered Skyscanner.

•      China Three Gorges Corporation, together with the Portuguese company EDP Renewables, won a bid for the Moray Firth offshore wind project in Scotland. This has been a successful match of China's strength in engineering technology application and Britain's research and development capability in offshore wind power.

女士们，先生们，

Ladies and gentlemen,

英国文学家狄更斯曾说，“这是最好的时代，这是最坏的时代；这是智慧的时代，这是愚蠢的时代；这是信仰的时代，这是怀疑的时代；这是光明的季节，这是黑暗的季节；这是希望之春，这是失望之冬。”今天，我们就生活在这样一个大发展大变革大调整的时代。一方面，和平与发展仍然是时代主题，世界多极化、经济全球化、社会信息化、文化多样化深入发展，全球治理体系和国际秩序变革加速推进，各国相互联系和依存日益加深，国际力量对比更趋平衡，和平发展大势不可逆转。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

Charles Dickens wrote,

"It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair."

He was describing an age of profound development and transformation. Today, ours is also a time of profound development and transformation.

On the one hand,

•      Peace and development remains the over-aching theme and irreversible trend of our times;

•      Multi-polarisation, globalisation, IT application and cultural diversity continue to deepen;

•      Reform of the international order and governance system advances with accelerated pace;

•      Countries are increasingly connected and inter-dependent;

•      And there is increased equilibrium in the international balance of power.

但另一方面，世界面临的不稳定性不确定性突出，世界经济增长动能不足，贫富分化日益严重，地区热点问题此起彼伏，恐怖主义、网络安全、重大传染性疾病、气候变化等非传统安全威胁持续蔓延，人类仍面临许多共同挑战。

On the other hand,

•      The world is facing growing uncertainties and destabilising factors;

•      Economic growth has been sluggish, the wealth gap widening, and regional hot-spots intensifying;

•      Non-traditional security threats such as terrorism, cyber insecurity, major epidemics and climate change continue to spread.

没有哪个国家能够独自应对当今人类面临的各种挑战，也没有哪个国家能够退回到自我封闭的孤岛。人类已经成为你中有我、我中有你的命运共同体。在这样的形势下，我们应该建立一个什么样的世界？中国的答案是，以开放包容的胸襟“推动构建新型国际关系”和“推动构建人类命运共同体”。

In a word, people around the world still face many common challenges.

No country can address these challenges alone. Nor can any country afford to retreat to self-isolation. Mankind is one interdependent community.

In such circumstances, what kind of a world do we want? What kind of a future can we build?

China's answer is this: We should build a new-type of international relations; We should build a community with a shared future for mankind.

“推动构建新型国际关系”有三层含义：

What do we mean by the new type of international relations? It is a type of relations that has three features.

一是相互尊重，就是要摈弃以强凌弱的丛林法则，坚持国家不分大小、强弱、贫富一律平等，尊重各国根据各自国情选择发展道路，坚决反对外部势力干涉主权国家内政。

First, mutual respect.

This means,

•      The "the law of the jungle" where the strong bullies the weak must be rejected.

•      All countries, regardless of size, strength or wealth, are equal members of the international community.

•      Countries should respect each other's independent choice of development path and oppose external interference in the internal affairs of a sovereign country.

二是公平正义，就是世界的命运必须由各国人民共同掌握，世界上的事情应该由各国政府和人民商量着办，确保各国发展权利平等、机会平等、规则平等，营造公正合理的国际秩序。

Second, fairness and justice.

This means,

•      The future of the world is in the hands of the people of all countries.

•      The affairs of the world should be addressed through consultations between the governments and peoples of all the countries.

•      Countries should have equal rights to development, have equal access to opportunities and be equals before the rules.

•      And the international order should be equitable and reasonable.

三是合作共赢，就是奉行双赢、多赢、共赢的新理念，摒弃我赢你输、赢者通吃的旧思维，实现不同社会制度、不同发展道路、不同文化传统的国家和平共处、和谐共生、共同发展。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

Third, win-win cooperation.

This means,

•      We should replace the old mindset of "I win, you lose" or "winner takes all" with the new ideal of "win-win for all".

•      Countries with different social systems, development paths and cultural heritages should coexist in peace and harmony, and work for common development.

“推动构建人类命运共同体”有五层含义：

Now let me explain the community with a shared future for mankind by outlining its five-fold meaning.

一是持久和平。和平犹如空气和阳光，受益而不觉，失之则难存。没有和平，发展就无从谈起。构建持久和平，世界各国都应该坚决摒弃冷战思维和强权政治，以对话解决争端、以协商化解分歧，做和平的维护者和促进者。

First, lasting peace.

Peace, like air and sunshine, is hardly noticed and easily forgotten, but its absence is life-threatening. Without peace, development cannot be possible.

To achieve lasting peace, all countries need to renounce the cold-war mentality and power politics, address disputes through dialogues, and bridge differences through consultation. All countries need to be protectors and promoters of peace.

二是普遍安全。世上没有绝对安全的世外桃源，一国的安全不能建立在别国的动荡之上，他国的威胁也可能成为本国的挑战。各国应该走合作安全、集体安全、共同安全的新路，着力实现共同、综合、合作、可持续的安全。

Second, universal security.

There is no oasis in the world that one can escape to for absolute security. And security built upon other's misery is not secure, because a threat to other countries may turn out to be a challenge to one's own security.

The only way out is for all countries of the world to make collective, comprehensive and cooperative efforts in search of common and sustainable security.

三是要共同繁荣。“一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园”。世界各国在考虑自身利益，做好自己的事的同时，不能损害其他国家利益，必须同舟共济，努力加强政策协调，减少负面外溢效应，让世界各国实现联动增长，在普惠中追求共赢。

Third, common prosperity.

"A single flower does not make a spring."

While pursuing our respective national interests, countries should not undermine the interests of others. Instead, countries should enhance policy coordination and reduce negative spillover effects. This is the way for countries of the world to achieve inter-connected development and win-win results.

四是要开放包容。保护主义如饮鸩止渴，损人不利己。在经济全球化出现波折，保护主义抬头、多边贸易体制受到冲击的时刻，世界各国应该坚定维护世界贸易组织规则，坚定支持开放、透明、包容、非歧视性的多边贸易体制，坚定做开放型世界经济的倡导者和推动者。

Fourth, open and inclusive development.

Taking protectionist moves is like drinking poisoned wine to quench thirst. Protectionism does more harm than good.

At a time of anti-globalisation backlash and surging protectionism, the multi-lateral trade regime is under threat. It is important that countries firmly uphold WTO rules, support the open, transparent, inclusive and nondiscriminatory multi-lateral trade regime, and advocate and facilitate the building of an open world economy.

五是要清洁美丽，就是要坚持环境友好，推动经济、社会、环境协调发展，保护好生态环境，构筑尊崇自然、绿色发展的生态体系，实现人与自然、人与社会和谐，保护好人类赖以生存的地球家园。

Fifth, clean and beautiful environment.

The community with a shared future for mankind is an environment-friendly community, and its survival hinges upon a balance between economic growth, social progress and environmental protection. Therefore, it focuses on the preservation of the eco-environment, respects nature and advocates green development.

This community features harmony between people, society and nature, and is dedicated to saving the planet Earth for every inhabitant.

女士们、先生们，

Ladies and gentlemen,

中国有句古话，“海纳百川，有容乃大。”惟有开放包容，才能超越分歧；惟有开放包容，才能不断扩大共同利益；惟有开放包容，才能有效应对各种挑战；惟有开放包容，才能“永争一流”，推动不同文明交流互鉴、共同进步。让我们秉持开放包容理念，努力打造人类命运共同体，共同开创世界更加美好的未来！微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

There is a saying in China, "Ocean is vast because it opens to admit all rivers."

Ever to be open and inclusive, we can bridge our differences, expand common interests, address various challenges, promote exchanges and mutual learning between civilisations and achieve common progress.

Ever to be open and inclusive, we can excel!

Ever to be open and inclusive, we can build a community with a shared future for mankind, and create a more beautiful future for the world!

谢谢！

Thank you!

下面我愿回答大家的提问。

Now, I would like to take your questions.