2018年美国的人权纪录

Human Rights Record of the United States in 2018

中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室微信公众号：高斋翻译学堂@微博：高斋翻硕

State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China

 2019年3月

March 2019

目录

Contents

导言

Foreword

一、公民权利屡遭践踏

Frequent Infringement on Civil Rights

二、金钱政治大行其道

Money Politics Prevail in the United States

三、贫富分化日益严重

III. Income Inequality Continued to Rise

四、种族歧视变本加厉

Worsening Racial Discrimination

五、儿童安全令人担忧微信公众号：高斋翻译学堂@微博：高斋翻硕

V．Children Face Worrisome Safety Problems

六、性别歧视触目惊心

Shocking Gender Discrimination

七、移民悲剧不断上演

VII. Continuous Tragedies for Immigrants

八、单边主义不得人心

VIII. Unilateralism is Losing Ground

导言

Foreword

当地时间3月13日，美国国务院发布《2018年国别人权报告》，继续对世界上190多个国家的人权状况指手画脚、抹黑污蔑，而对自身存在的严重人权问题却置若罔闻、视而不见。如果人们对2018年美国的人权状况稍加检视便不难发现，自诩为“人权卫士”的美国政府，其人权纪录依然是劣迹斑斑、乏善可陈，其奉行的人权双重标准昭然若揭。微信公众号：高斋翻译学堂@微博：高斋翻硕

On March 13 local time, the State Department of the United States released its 2018 country reports on human rights practices, continued pointing fingers at and slandering human rights situations in over 190 countries, while blindly ignoring its own serious human rights problems. If one takes a glimpse into the human rights situation of the United States in 2018, it will not be difficult to find that the United States government, a self-styled “human rights defender,” has a human rights record which is flawed and lackluster, and the double standards of human rights it pursues are obvious.微信公众号：高斋翻译学堂@微博：高斋翻硕

——枪支暴力危害严重。2018年美国共发生涉枪案件57103件，导致14717人死亡、28172人受伤，其中未成年人死伤3502人。枪支暴力导致美国人均预期寿命减少近2.5岁。

– Gun violence poses grave danger. There were a total of 57,103 gun violence incidents in the United States in 2018, leaving 14,717 killed and 28,172 injured. The number of children and teens killed or injured was 3,502. Gun violence has shortened the life expectancy of Americans by nearly 2.5 years.

——宗教不宽容言论甚嚣尘上。在2018年美国中期选举中，反穆斯林言论大幅上升。调查显示，针对穆斯林的阴谋论日益进入政治主流，“超过三分之一的候选人声称穆斯林天生暴力或构成迫在眉睫的威胁”，“将近三分之一的候选人呼吁剥夺穆斯林的基本权利或宣称伊斯兰教不是宗教”。微信公众号：高斋翻译学堂@微博：高斋翻硕

– Religious intolerance remarks were on the rise. The mid-term elections in 2018 saw a surge of anti-Muslim opinions. A report found that conspiracy theories targeting Muslims have increasingly entered the political mainstream. “More than a third have claimed that Muslims are inherently violent or pose an imminent threat,” and “Just under a third of the candidates considered have called for Muslims to be denied basic rights or declared that Islam is not a religion.”

——网络监控司空见惯。美国政府的“棱镜”项目24小时运行，未经授权恣意对公民的电子邮件、脸谱网消息、谷歌聊天、Skype网络通话等进行监听监控。

– Internet surveillance becomes a common practice. The warrantless wiretapping program PRISM is operating around the clock, vacuuming up emails, Facebook messages, Google chats, Skype calls, and the like.微信公众号：高斋翻译学堂@微博：高斋翻硕

——金钱操控美国政治。2018年中期选举共花费52亿美元，比上次中期选举增长35%，是有史以来最昂贵的中期选举。“美国政府成为富豪的代言人。”

– Money politics prevail in the United States. The total cost of the 2018 mid-term elections was 5.2 billion U.S. dollars, a 35 percent increase over 2014 in nominal dollars, making them by far the most expensive mid-term elections on record. The U.S. government is representing the super-rich.

——沦为贫富分化最严重的西方国家。美国1%的最富有人群拥有全国38.6%的财富，而普通民众的财富总量和收入水平持续下降。近半美国家庭生活拮据，1850万人生活在极端贫困中。– The United States has the highest rate of income inequality among Western countries. The share of the top 1 percent of the population in the United States owned 38.6 percent of total wealth. In relation to both wealth and income, the share of the general public has fallen continuously. Nearly half of the American households live in financial difficulties and 18.5 million Americans live in extreme poverty.

——仇恨犯罪再创新高。美国联邦调查局2018年11月发布的数据显示，上年度美国共发生7175起仇恨犯罪案件，同比增加约17%；其中约60%的犯罪涉种族歧视，近50%的受害者是非洲裔。微信公众号：高斋翻译学堂@微博：高斋翻硕

– Hate crimes surged to new height. A report released by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in November 2018 said hate crimes rose by about 17 percent to 7,175 cases in the United States in 2017. Offenses motivated by racial prejudice made up about 60 percent of hate crimes, with African-Americans being targeted in nearly half of them.

——非洲裔生存状况堪忧。美国非洲裔家庭财富的中位值只有白人的十分之一。非洲裔的贫困率是白人的2.5倍，失业率长期维持在白人的2倍左右，入狱率是白人的6倍以上，婴儿死亡率是白人的2.3倍，人均预期寿命比白人低约3.5岁。

– The living conditions of African-Americans are worrisome. The median white family has about 10 times as much wealth as the median black family. African Americans are 2.5 times as likely to be in poverty as whites, about twice as likely to be in unemployment as whites, and more than 6 times as likely as whites to be incarcerated. The infant mortality rate is 1.3 times higher for African Americans, whose average life expectancy is about 3.5 years shorter than whites.

——校园枪声不绝于耳。2018年美国发生94起校园枪击案，共有163人伤亡，是有记录以来校园枪击案数量最多、伤亡最重的一年。校园暴力事件数量比上一学年增长了113%。

– There were endless school shootings. Last year, a total of 94 school shootings occurred across the United States and left 163 people dead or injured, making it the worst year on record with the most school shooting cases and the most severe casualties. Violent incidents in schools also increased 113 percent from the previous school year.微信公众号：高斋翻译学堂@微博：高斋翻硕

——女性深陷性骚扰和性侵恐惧。调查显示，81%的女性受访者表示在一生中经历过性骚扰，27%的女性受访者表示曾遭受性侵犯。微信公众号：高斋翻译学堂@微博：高斋翻硕

– Women are living in fear of sexual harassment and sexual assaults. A survey found that 81 percent of women interviewed had experienced some form of sexual harassment, and 27 percent said they had been sexually assaulted.

——移民政策致使骨肉分离。美国政府2018年4月开始实施“零容忍”政策，导致至少2000名移民儿童被迫与家人分离。边境执法人员虐待、性侵未成年移民案件数量惊人增长。

– Immigration policy separated children from parents. A new “zero tolerance” policy inaugurated by the U.S. government in April 2018 has separated at least 2,000 migrant children from their families. There has also been a startling increase in the number of instances where U.S. Border Patrol officers have mistreated or sexually abused juvenile migrants.微信公众号：高斋翻译学堂@微博：高斋翻译

——悍然退出联合国人权理事会。《大西洋月刊》网站的报道文章分析认为，美国此举最阴险的意图是为了防止自身受到侵犯人权的指控。

– Flagrantly withdraw from the UN Human Rights Council. The Atlantic said in an online analysis that one of the most likely, and most insidious, arguments for the move is to prevent the United States from being called out on its own alleged human-rights abuses.微信公众号：高斋翻译学堂@微博：高斋翻硕