中国的军控、裁军与防扩散努力
China's Endeavors for Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-Proliferation

中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室
Information Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China
二○○五年九月·北京
September 2005, Beijing 

目　　录
Contents
前　　言
Foreword
一、国际安全和军控形势
I. International Security and Arms Control Situation
二、基本政策主张
II. China's Basic Policy and Position
三、参与和推进国际军控与裁军进程
III. Participating in and Promoting International Arms Control and Disarmament Process
　　
四、致力于国家和区域裁军
IV. Committed to National and Regional Disarmament
五、积极参加国际防扩散努力
V. Actively Participating in International Non-Proliferation Efforts
六、加强防扩散出口管制
VI. Tightening Non-Proliferation Export Control
附　　录
Annexes
附录1：中国参加的军控、裁军和防扩散条约
Annex I: List of Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-Proliferation Treaties That China Has Joined
附录2：中国防扩散出口管制法规
Annex II: Laws and Regulations of China on Non-Proliferation Export Control
附录3：中国与有关国家达成的裁军和建立信任措施协定
Annex III: Agreements on Disarmament and Confidence-Building Measures Between China and Relevant Countries

前　言　
Foreword
　　2005年是中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利60周年。法西斯主义和军国主义发动的侵略战争，给世界带来了巨大灾难，人类文明惨遭空前浩劫。世界人民用鲜血和生命赢得了胜利与和平。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

　　The year 2005 marks the 60th anniversary of the victories of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. The war of aggression launched by fascists and militarists brought about untold sufferings to the world and wreaked unprecedented havoc on human civilization. The world people won victories and peace with their blood and lives.
　　2005年也是世界上最具普遍性、代表性和权威性的政府间国际组织——联合国成立60周年。联合国的成立，体现了各国人民建立一个和平、平等、合作、繁荣新世界的美好理想。60年来，联合国为缓解冲突、推动裁军、维护和平、促进发展进行了不懈努力，发挥了重要作用。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

　　The year 2005 also marks the 60th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations (UN), the most universal, representative and authoritative inter-governmental international organization in the world. The establishment of the UN has embodied the aspiration of peoples around the world for building a new world of peace, equality, cooperation and prosperity. The UN, over the past 60 years, has worked unremittingly for and played an important role in easing conflicts, promoting disarmament, safeguarding peace and boosting development.
　　中华民族爱好和平，崇尚“以和为贵”、“协和万邦”。在近代史上，中国曾饱受外来侵略和压迫之苦，深知和平的珍贵。当前，中国人民正沿着和平发展的道路，聚精会神搞建设，一心一意谋发展。中国的发展需要一个持久稳定的和平国际环境，中国的发展必将促进世界的和平与进步。中国将高举和平、发展、合作的旗帜，继续致力于推动国际军控、裁军与防扩散进程，永远不称霸，永远做维护世界和平、促进共同发展的坚定力量。
　　The Chinese nation loves peace and advocates that nothing is more valuable than peace and all nations should live in peace and harmony. Subjected to untold external aggression and suppression in its modern history, China fully understands how precious peace is. At present, the Chinese people are concentrating on development and nation-building along a road of peaceful development. China needs a long-lasting and stable international environment of peace for her development, which, in turn, will promote world peace and progress. China, holding high the banner of peace, development and cooperation, will remain committed to pushing forward the process of international arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation. China will never seek hegemony and will remain forever a staunch force for safeguarding world peace and promoting common development.
　　为全面阐述中国政府在军控、裁军与防扩散领域的政策与主张，系统介绍中国参与国际军控、裁军与防扩散事务的情况，现发表《中国的军控、裁军与防扩散努力》白皮书。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

　　This White Paper, China's Endeavors for Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-Proliferation, is published to fully elaborate on the Chinese government's policies and positions on arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation and to give a systematic account of China's involvement in the international arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation affairs.

一、国际安全和军控形势
　　I. International Security and Arms Control Situation
　　当今世界，和平、发展、合作已成为时代潮流。世界多极化和经济全球化趋势深入发展，科技进步日新月异，各国、各地区之间的交流与合作不断加强，在安全上的相互依存日益加深。维护和平、制约战争的因素在增长，世界的和平与发展面临难得的机遇。加强合作，共同应对全球性挑战，成为国际社会的共识。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

　　Peace, development and cooperation have become the trend of the times in the current world. World multi-polarization and economic globalization are developing in depth, and science and technology are advancing by leaps and bounds. Countries and regions have constantly strengthened their exchanges and cooperation as they are increasingly interdependent in security. World peace and development are facing rare opportunities as factors for maintaining peace and restraining war are increasing. It has become the consensus of the international community to enhance cooperation and jointly meet global challenges.
　　但是，天下并不太平。传统安全问题依然存在，局部战争和暴力冲突时有发生，热点问题此起彼伏。恐怖主义、大规模杀伤性武器扩散、跨国犯罪、传染性疾病等非传统安全威胁不断上升。传统与非传统威胁相互交织，国际安全面临严峻挑战。
　　However, the world is far from tranquil as traditional security issues persist, local wars and violent conflicts crop up time and again and hot-spot issues keep emerging. Non-traditional security threats such as terrorism, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD), transnational crimes and infectious diseases are on the rise. The intertwined traditional and non-traditional threats pose severe challenges to international security.
　　国际军控、裁军与防扩散与国际安全密切相关。在当前国际安全领域威胁日益多元化、不稳定和不可预测因素增加的情况下，军控、裁军与防扩散的内涵不断拓展，重要性日益增强。机遇与挑战并存、希望与隐忧同在。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

　　International arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation are closely linked with international security. Given more diversified threats to international security and larger numbers of unstable and unpredictable factors, the dimensions of arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation have been constantly expanded with increasing importance. Opportunities and challenges develop side by side while hopes and potential risks coexist.
　　一方面，国际军控、裁军与防扩散体系作为全球安全秩序的有机组成部分，为维护世界和平与稳定依然发挥着重要作用。自上世纪90年代以来，军控、裁军与防扩散又取得了新的积极成果，在禁止化学武器、禁止核试验等领域相继达成了一系列重要条约。国际社会在防止大规模杀伤性武器扩散问题上的共识不断加强。联合国安理会一致通过关于防扩散的第1540号决议。通过对话、合作解决扩散问题的政治外交努力继续推进。加强防扩散机制的倡议相继出台。各国安全对话加强，区域安全合作扩大。上述积极进展增进了各国之间的互信，推动了安全形势的缓和，维护了国际战略稳定。
　　On the one hand, as an integral part of the global security order, the international arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation regime is still playing an important role in safeguarding world peace and stability. Since the 1990s, fresh achievements have been scored in arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation. A number of important treaties have been concluded in such areas as the prohibition of chemical weapons and nuclear tests. The international consensus has been constantly strengthened on preventing the proliferation of WMD. The UN Security Council has unanimously adopted Resolution 1540 on non-proliferation. Political and diplomatic efforts have been continuously pursued to settle proliferation issues through dialogue and cooperation. Initiatives on strengthening the non-proliferation regime have been introduced. Security dialogues have been intensified among countries and regional security cooperation has been expanded. The aforementioned progress has enhanced mutual trust among countries, boosted the relaxation of the security situation and maintained international strategic stability.
　　另一方面，多边军控与裁军仍然任重道远。核裁军步履维艰，建立在首先使用核武器基础之上的核威慑战略尚未被摒弃，降低核武器使用门槛、研发新型核武器的动向堪忧。外空武器化和外空军备竞赛的危险加大。国际军控条约的普遍性仍有不足，抛弃重要军控条约的消极事态时有发生。多边军控和裁军机制面临困难。作为全球唯一的多边裁军谈判机构，日内瓦裁军谈判会议多年未能开展实质性工作。国际防扩散进程面临挑战。地区核问题解决前景仍不明朗，恐怖组织和其他非国家实体获取大规模杀伤性武器的风险加大。
　　On the other hand, there is still a long way to go in multilateral arms control and disarmament. The process of nuclear disarmament has been long and arduous. The nuclear deterrence strategy based on the first use of nuclear weapons has yet to be abandoned. The trend toward lowering the threshold for the use of nuclear weapons and developing new nuclear weapons is worrisome. There has been greater danger of weaponization of and an arms race in outer space. The universality of international treaties on arms control is still inadequate and negative examples of scrapping important arms control treaties occur from time to time. The multilateral arms control and disarmament regime is faced with difficulty. As the single multilateral disarmament negotiating body, the Conference on Disarmament (CD) in Geneva has for years been unable to carry out substantive work. The international non-proliferation process is facing challenges. The prospect for settling regional nuclear issues is still blurry and the risks of terrorist organizations and other non-state entities acquiring WMD are growing.
　　当前，国际军控、裁军与防扩散进程正处在关键的十字路口。抓住新机遇，应对新挑战，巩固和不断加强现有国际军控、裁军和防扩散体系，是维护国际和平、安全与稳定的必然要求，也是人心所向。国际社会普遍主张维护多边主义，推进国际军控和裁军进程，不断完善国际防扩散机制，加强国际合作，应对安全挑战。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

　　Currently, the international process of arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation is at a crucial crossroad. It is an absolute necessity for the maintenance of international peace, security and stability to seize fresh opportunities, meet new challenges and consolidate and constantly strengthen the existing international regime on arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation. This also conforms to the people's will. The international community is in favor of maintaining multilateralism, pushing forward the international process of arms control and disarmament, constantly improving the international non-proliferation regime, stepping up international cooperation and coping with security challenges.
　　为推进国际军控、裁军和防扩散事业公正、合理、全面、健康的发展，国际社会应遵守《联合国宪章》的宗旨和原则以及其他公认的国际关系准则，树立以互信、互利、平等、协作为核心的新安全观，通过对话增进相互信任，通过合作促进共同安全；确保各国平等参与国际军控、裁军与防扩散事务的权利，坚持在各国安全不受减损的基础上推进国际军控、裁军和防扩散进程；坚持在国际法框架内，通过政治和外交手段处理防扩散问题；维护并进一步加强和完善现有国际军控、裁军与防扩散法律体系；确保各国和平利用科学技术的正当权益；充分发挥联合国等多边机构的作用。
　　To promote a fair, rational, comprehensive and sound development of the international cause of arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation, the international community should follow the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and other universally recognized norms governing international relations, foster a new security concept featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination, enhance mutual trust through dialogue and promote common security through cooperation. The right of all countries to equal participation in international arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation affairs should be guaranteed and the international process of arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation promoted on the basis of no derogation of the security of all countries.
　　The issue of non-proliferation should be dealt with by political and diplomatic means within the framework of international law. The existing international legal system on arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation should be maintained, further strengthened and improved. The legitimate rights and interests of all countries as regards the peaceful use of science and technology should be guaranteed and the role of the UN and other multilateral organizations be brought into full play.

二、基本政策主张　
II. China's Basic Policy and Position
　　中国奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，坚持走和平发展的道路，努力把维护本国利益与促进各国共同利益相结合，积极在国际事务中发挥建设性作用。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

　　China pursues an independent foreign policy of peace, follows the road of peaceful development, works hard to integrate the efforts to safeguard its own national interests and promote common interests of all countries, and strives for a constructive role in international affairs.
　　在军控、裁军与防扩散领域，中国实践以互信、互利、平等、协作为核心的新安全观，致力于营造良好的国际和地区安全环境，维护世界和平，促进共同发展。
　　In the field of arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation, China follows the new security concept featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination, and commits itself to creating a favorable international and regional security environment, maintaining world peace and promoting common development.
　　在处理国际军控、裁军与防扩散事务时，中国政府坚持把是否有利于捍卫国家主权和安全，是否有利于维护全球战略稳定，是否有利于增进各国的普遍安全和互信，作为决策的依据。
　　In handling affairs related to international arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation, the Chinese government always bases its policy-making on the judgment whether it serves to safeguard national sovereignty and security, whether it serves to maintain global strategic stability and whether it serves to promote security for all and mutual trust among countries.
　　全面禁止和彻底销毁大规模杀伤性武器
　　Complete Prohibition and Thorough Destruction of WMD
　　彻底销毁核武器、实现无核武器世界，是国际社会的共同夙愿，也是中国的目标。
　　It is the shared aspiration of the international community as well as the goal of China to thoroughly destroy nuclear weapons and free the world from such weapons.　
　　冷战的结束和新的安全形势为大幅度削减进而全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器提供了可能。推动核裁军进程，对于降低核扩散危险，改善国际安全环境，促进世界和平与发展都具有重要意义。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

　　The end of the Cold War and the new security situation have made possible the substantial reduction of nuclear weapons, and then complete prohibition and thorough destruction of such weapons. Pushing forward nuclear disarmament process is of great significance to reducing the danger of nuclear proliferation, improving international security environment and promoting world peace and development.
　　为进一步推进核裁军进程，中国主张核武器国家采取以下措施：
　　China maintains that nuclear-weapon states should take the following measures to further promote nuclear disarmament process.

——应尽早就全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器缔结国际法律文书。
　　An international legal instrument on the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons should be concluded at an early date.
　　——核裁军应遵循公正合理、逐步削减、向下平衡的原则，两个拥有最大核武库的国家对核裁军负有特殊和优先的责任，应认真履行已达成的削减核武器条约，并遵循可核查、不可逆的原则进一步削减核武库，为最终走向全面、彻底核裁军创造条件。
　　Nuclear disarmament should be a just and reasonable process of gradual reduction toward a downward balance. The two countries possessing the largest nuclear arsenals bear special and primary responsibilities for nuclear disarmament. They should earnestly comply with the treaties already concluded on reduction of nuclear weapons and further reduce their nuclear arsenals in a verifiable and irreversible manner so as to create conditions for achieving the ultimate goal of complete and thorough nuclear disarmament.
　　——在实现全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器的目标之前，核武器国家应承诺不首先使用核武器，并承诺无条件不对无核武器国家和无核武器区使用或威胁使用核武器。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

　　Before the goal of complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons is achieved, nuclear-weapon states should commit themselves to no first use of nuclear weapons and undertake unconditionally not to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon states or nuclear-weapon-free zones.
　　——核武器国家应放弃以首先使用核武器为基础的核威慑政策，降低核武器在国家安全中的作用。
　　Nuclear-weapon states should abandon the policies of nuclear deterrence based on the first use of nuclear weapons and reduce the role of nuclear weapons in their national security.
　　——核裁军措施，包括各种中间措施，均应以“维护全球战略平衡与稳定”和“各国安全不受减损”为指针。
　　Nuclear disarmament measures, including intermediate measures, should follow the guidelines of maintaining global strategic balance and stability and undiminished security for all.
　　——日内瓦裁军谈判会议应尽快就工作计划达成一致，以早日开始“禁止生产用于核武器或其他核爆炸装置裂变材料条约”谈判，并成立核裁军、无核武器国家安全保证等特设委员会，就这些问题开展实质性工作。
　　The CD should reach an agreement on program of work soon so as to begin at an early date negotiations on the Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty (FMCT) and to establish Ad Hoc Committees and start substantive work on such issues as nuclear disarmament and security assurances to non-nuclear-weapon states.
　　中国主张全面禁止和彻底销毁生物武器和化学武器，坚决反对此类武器的扩散。
　　China stands for complete prohibition and thorough destruction of biological and chemical weapons and firmly opposes proliferation of such weapons.
　　在当前生物恐怖威胁和生物安全问题日趋突出的背景下，在《禁止生物武器公约》框架内继续探讨和制定加强公约有效性的措施具有重要现实意义。中国主张，国际社会在以下方面采取行动：微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

　　Against the backdrop of increased threat of bio-terrorism and prominence of bio-security issue, it is of great realistic significance to continue to explore and formulate measures to strengthen the effectiveness of the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) under the framework of this Convention. China holds that the international community should take the following actions.
　　——鼓励更多国家加入《禁止生物武器公约》，敦促所有缔约国全面、切实履行公约义务。
　　Encourage more countries to accede to the BWC and urge all its States Parties to fulfill their obligations in a comprehensive and faithful manner.
　　——保持并推进旨在加强《禁止生物武器公约》有效性的多边进程，通过充分协商，研讨、制定相关具体措施。
Maintain and facilitate the multilateral process aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of the BWC and explore and formulate concrete measures through full consultations.
　　——鼓励更多国家向联合国提交《禁止生物武器公约》建立信任措施宣布资料。
　　Encourage more countries to submit to the UN declarations on confidence-building measures regarding the BWC.

《禁止化学武器公约》是第一个全面禁止和彻底销毁一整类大规模杀伤性武器并有严格核查机制的国际法律文书，为多边军控和防扩散努力树立了成功的典范。为确保公约的全面实施，中国主张：微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

　　The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) is the first international legal instrument for complete prohibition and thorough destruction of a whole category of WMD with strict verification mechanism. It has set a successful example for multilateral arms control and non-proliferation efforts. To ensure full implementation of the CWC, China maintains:
　　——化学武器拥有国应加大工作力度，严格按公约要求尽早完成销毁其化学武器，接受禁止化学武器组织的有效监督。
　　Chemical weapon possessors should double their efforts to complete the destruction of their chemical weapons at an early date in strict accordance with the CWC and subject themselves to effective supervision by the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW).
　　——进一步改进和完善核查措施，公平、合理分配视察资源，提高视察的有效性和效费比。
　　It is imperative to further improve and optimize verification measures, allocate inspection resources in a fair and equitable manner and improve its cost-effectiveness.
　　——不断加强《禁止化学武器公约》的普遍性。
　　Continuously promote the universality of the CWC.
　　——有关国家应履行公约义务和有关承诺，早日启动遗弃在华化学武器的实质性销毁进程，以便尽早干净、彻底地销毁这些化学武器。
　　The country concerned should fulfill its obligations under the Convention and honor its commitments, start at an early date the substantive destruction process for the chemical weapons it abandoned in China so as to destroy those weapons completely and thoroughly as soon as possible.

防止大规模杀伤性武器及其运载工具的扩散
　　Preventing the Proliferation of WMD and Their Means of Delivery
　　大规模杀伤性武器及其运载工具的扩散，不利于世界的和平与稳定，也不利于中国的安全。中国坚决反对大规模杀伤性武器及其运载工具的扩散。中国认为，大规模杀伤性武器的扩散有其复杂的根源，防扩散必须标本兼治，综合治理。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

　　Proliferation of WMD and their means of delivery is conducive neither to world peace and stability nor to China's security. China firmly opposes proliferation of WMD and their means of delivery. China believes that proliferation of WMD has complicated root causes. In order to prevent their proliferation, an integrated approach must be adopted to address both the symptoms and the root causes.
　　——应致力于建设一个合作、互信的全球安全环境，谋求国际关系的普遍改善，实现各国的普遍安全。这既是消除扩散威胁的根本途径，也是顺利推进防扩散进程的前提。
　　All states should devote themselves to building a global security environment of cooperation and mutual trust, seeking universal improvement of international relations and achieving security for all. This is the best way to eliminate the danger of proliferation as well as the prerequisite for a smooth non-proliferation process.
　　——应努力通过政治外交手段解决扩散问题。防扩散手段应有利于维护和促进国际安全，应通过对话而不是对抗、合作而不是施压寻求问题的妥善解决。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

　　All states should resort to political and diplomatic means to solve the proliferation problem. Non-proliferation means should help maintain and promote international security. Proper solutions to proliferation issues should be sought out through dialogue instead of confrontation, and through cooperation instead of pressuring.
　　——应充分发挥联合国等国际组织的核心作用，在各国平等、普遍参与、民主决策的基础上，在现行国际法框架内加强和完善现有防扩散机制。
　　Full scope should be given to the central role of the UN and other international organizations. The existing non-proliferation mechanism should be strengthened and improved under the framework of international law and on the basis of equal and universal participation of all countries and democratic decision-making.
　　——应平衡处理防扩散与和平利用之间的关系。应保障各国和平利用的正当权利，也要杜绝任何国家以和平利用为借口从事扩散活动。
　　A balance should be struck between non-proliferation and peaceful uses. The legitimate rights of each state to peaceful uses should be guaranteed while proliferation activities under the pretext of peaceful uses be prevented.
　　导弹防御问题
　　Missile Defense
　　中国从维护全球战略平衡与稳定、维护地区和平与安全的角度看待和处理导弹防御问题。中国理解有关国家对弹道导弹及其技术扩散的安全关切，主张以政治和外交手段解决这一问题。研制、发展、部署导弹防御系统不是解决问题的有效办法。中国不希望导弹防御系统对全球战略稳定产生消极影响，给国际和地区和平与安全带来新的不稳定因素，影响大国之间的信任，损害其他国家正当的安全利益。中国更不愿意看到一些国家在导弹防御领域的合作造成新的弹道导弹技术扩散。中国主张，有关国家应增加导弹防御计划透明度，以利于增信释疑。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

　　China views and handles missile defense issues from the perspective of maintaining global strategic balance and stability and safeguarding regional peace and security. China understands the security concerns of relevant countries about the proliferation of ballistic missiles and their technology and stands for political and diplomatic solution to this matter. Research, development and deployment of missile defense systems are by no means an effective way to solve the problem. China does not wish to see a missile defense system produce negative impact on global strategic stability, bring new unstable factors to international and regional peace and security, erode trust among big powers, or undermine legitimate security interests of other countries. China is even more reluctant to see some countries cooperate in the missile defense field to further proliferate ballistic missile technology. China believes that relevant countries should increase transparency in their missile defense program for the purpose of deepening trust and dispelling misgivings.
　　台湾问题涉及中国的核心利益，中国反对任何国家以任何方式在导弹防御方面向中国台湾地区提供帮助或保护。
　　As the Taiwan question involves its core interests, China opposes the attempt by any country to provide help or protection to the Taiwan region of China in the field of missile defense by any means.

防止外空武器化和外空军备竞赛
　　Preventing Weaponization of and an Arms Race in Outer Space
　　外层空间是全人类的共同财富。当前，外空武器化的危险与日俱增。将武器引入外空，将导致外空军备竞赛，使之成为军事对抗的新领域。这一前景不符合世界各国的利益。
　　Outer space is the common wealth of mankind. At present, the danger of weaponization of outer space is increasing with each passing day. Taking weapons into outer space will lead to an arms race there and make it a new arena for military confrontation. Such a prospect is not in the interest of any country.
　　中国一贯主张和平利用外空。现有关于外空的国际法律文书不足以有效防止外空武器化和外空军备竞赛。国际社会应采取有效的预防措施，谈判达成相关国际法律文书，禁止在外空部署武器、对外空物体使用或威胁使用武力，确保外空完全用于和平目的。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

　　China has all along stood for peaceful use of outer space. The existing international legal instruments on outer space cannot effectively prevent weaponization of and an arms race in outer space. The international community should take effective preventive measures, negotiate and conclude relevant international legal instrument to prohibit deployment of weapons in outer space and the threat or use of force against objects in outer space so as to ensure that outer space is used purely for peaceful purposes.
　　解决军控领域的人道主义关切
　　Addressing Humanitarian Concerns in the Arms Control Field
　　中国致力于妥善解决军控领域的人道主义问题，主张在解决人道主义关切的同时，充分考虑主权国家合理的军事安全需要以及各国的经济和技术承受力。《特定常规武器公约》兼顾人道主义关切和正当军事需要。各国应切实履行公约，同时根据形势发展需要对其不断充实、完善。
　　China is committed to properly addressing humanitarian issues in the arms control field. It holds that while humanitarian concerns are addressed, full consideration should be given to the legitimate military security needs of sovereign states as well as economic and technological capacities of all countries. As the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) accommodates both humanitarian concerns and legitimate military needs, all States Parties should implement the CCW in good faith and constantly enrich and improve it if situation requires.
　　严厉打击轻、小武器领域的非法活动对于维护地区和平、稳定与发展，打击恐怖主义和贩毒、走私等跨国有组织犯罪，具有重大意义。中国主张从国家、地区和国际层面加强努力，寻求全面的解决办法。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

　　Firmly combating illegal activities in the field of small arms and light weapons (SALW) is of great importance to maintaining regional peace, stability and development, fighting terrorism and cracking down upon such transnational organized crimes as drug-trafficking and smuggling. China stands for greater efforts at the national, regional and international levels to seek a comprehensive solution in this regard.

三、参与和推进国际军控与裁军进程

III. Participating in and Promoting International Arms Control and Disarmament Process

中国一贯重视并支持国际军控与裁军努力。早在新中国诞生之初，反对军备竞赛、争取实现裁军就已成为中国外交政策的重要组成部分。中国相继加入并切实履行了有关国际军控条约，积极参加国际军控和裁军领域的各项重大活动，积极参与联合国和有关国际机构关于裁军问题的审议和谈判，提出许多合情合理、切实可行的主张，努力推进国际军控与裁军进程。

China has always attached importance to and been supportive of international efforts in the arms control and disarmament field. To oppose arms races and strive for disarmament has been an important part of China's foreign policy ever since the founding of the People's Republic. China has successively joined and faithfully implemented relevant international arms control and disarmament treaties. It has actively participated in important activities in the field of arms control and disarmament, including relevant discussions and negotiations in the UN and relevant international agencies, putting forward many reasonable and feasible proposals in this regard in a serious effort to promote the international arms control and disarmament process.

核裁军问题

Nuclear Disarmament

作为核武器国家，中国从不回避自己在核裁军方面应尽的责任和义务。

As a nuclear-weapon state, China has never evaded its due responsibilities and obligations in nuclear disarmament.

中国一贯主张全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器。在1964年第一次核试验后，中国政府即发表声明，向世界各国政府郑重建议：召开世界各国首脑会议，讨论全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器问题。

China has always stood for the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons. Right after its first nuclear test in 1964, the Chinese government issued a statement, solemnly proposing to the governments of all countries the convocation of a world summit to discuss the issue of complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons.

中国在核武器的规模和发展方面始终采取极为克制的态度。中国是核武器国家中核试验次数最少的。中国过去没有、今后也不会参加核军备竞赛。中国从未在外国领土上部署核武器。上世纪90年代，中国关闭了青海核武器研制基地。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

China has persistently exercised the utmost restraint on the scale and development of its nuclear weapons. China has conducted the smallest number of nuclear tests among the five nuclear-weapon states. China has never taken part and will never take part in any nuclear arms race. China has never deployed nuclear weapons outside its own territories. In the 1990s, China closed down a nuclear weapon research and development base in Qinghai Province.

中国发展核武器从来就是为了防御目的。自拥有核武器的第一天起，中国政府就郑重声明：在任何时候和任何情况下都不首先使用核武器。无论是在冷战时期面临核威胁和核讹诈的时候，还是在冷战后国际安全环境发生巨大变化的情况下，中国始终恪守这一承诺。中国的这一政策今后也不会改变。

China's development of nuclear weapons has always been for the purpose of self-defense. Since the first day when it came into possession of nuclear weapons, the Chinese government has solemnly declared that it would not be the first to use such weapons at any time and in any circumstance. Whether confronted with the nuclear threat and nuclear blackmail during the Cold War, or faced with the great changes that have taken place in the international security environment after the Cold War, China has always stayed true to its commitment. China's policy in this regard will remain unchanged in the future.

中国积极推动核武器国家就互不首先使用核武器缔结多边条约。1994年1月，中国正式向其他四个核武器国家提出“互不首先使用核武器条约”草案，并积极谋求达成互不首先使用核武器和互不以核武器瞄准对方的安排。1994年9月，中俄宣布互不首先使用核武器和互不将战略核武器瞄准对方。1998年6月，中美宣布互不以核武器瞄准对方。2000年5月，中国、法国、俄罗斯、英国、美国五个核武器国家发表联合声明，宣布他们的核武器没有瞄准任何国家。

China has been actively promoting the conclusion of a multilateral treaty among nuclear-weapon states on mutual no-first-use of nuclear weapons against each other. In January 1994, China formally presented a draft text of the Treaty on the No-First-Use of Nuclear Weapons to the other four nuclear-weapon states. At the same time, China worked vigorously for arrangements among nuclear-weapon states on mutual no-first-use of nuclear weapons and mutual detargeting of nuclear weapons at each other. In September 1994, China and Russia declared that they would not be the first to use nuclear weapons against each other and would not target their strategic nuclear weapons at each other. In June 1998, China and the US declared the detargeting of their nuclear weapons against each other. In May 2000, China, together with the other four nuclear-weapon states, issued a joint statement declaring that their nuclear weapons are not targeted at any country.

从拥有核武器的第一天起，中国就承诺无条件不对无核武器国家和无核武器区使用或威胁使用核武器。1995年4月，中国政府发表声明，重申无条件向所有无核武器国家提供消极安全保证，并承诺向这些国家提供积极安全保证。2000年，中国与其他核武器国家发表联合声明，重申1995年在联合国安理会第984号决议中作出的安全保证承诺。中国呼吁其他核武器国家，无条件向所有无核武器国家提供消极和积极安全保证，并就此尽早谈判缔结国际法律文书。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

Ever since the first day when it came into possession of nuclear weapons, China has committed unconditionally not to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon states or nuclear-weapon-free zones. In April 1995, the Chinese government made a statement, reiterating its unconditional provision of negative security assurances to all non-nuclear-weapon states, and at the same time undertaking to provide these countries with positive security assurances. In 2000, China and other nuclear-weapon states issued a joint statement, reaffirming their security assurance commitment made in Resolution 984 of the UN Security Council in 1995. China calls upon the other nuclear-weapon states to unconditionally provide positive and negative security assurances to all non-nuclear-weapon states, and to conclude, through negotiations, an international legal instrument to this end at an early date.

中国尊重和支持有关国家和地区根据本地区的实际情况，在自行协商、自愿协议的基础上建立无核武器区或无大规模杀伤性武器区的努力。中国认为，核武器国家应尊重无核武器区的地位并承担相应的义务。从这一立场出发，中国政府签署并批准了《拉丁美洲和加勒比禁止核武器条约》第二附加议定书、《南太平洋无核区条约》第二、第三议定书及《非洲无核武器区条约》第一、第二议定书。中国支持东盟国家和中亚五国建立无核武器区的努力，愿在有关各方就案文达成一致后尽早签署议定书。中国支持建立中东无核武器和其他大规模杀伤性武器区的努力，希望这一目标早日实现。中国尊重和欢迎蒙古的无核武器地位。中国支持实现朝鲜半岛无核化。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

China respects and supports the efforts by relevant countries and regions to establish nuclear-weapon-free zones or WMD-free zones on the basis of consultations among themselves and voluntary agreements in light of actual regional conditions. China believes that nuclear-weapon states should respect the status of nuclear-weapon-free zones and assume corresponding obligations. Proceeding from this position, China has signed and ratified Protocol II of the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean, Protocols II and III of the South Pacific Nuclear-Free Zone Treaty and Protocols I and II of the African Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty. China supports the efforts by the ASEAN countries and the five Central Asian countries to establish nuclear-weapon-free zones and is ready to sign relevant protocols as early as possible after the countries concerned have reached agreement on the texts. China supports endeavors to establish nuclear-weapon-free and WMD-free zones in the Middle East and hopes to see its early realization. China respects and welcomes Mongolia's status as a nuclear-weapon-free country. China supports denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula.

中国已加入《南极条约》、《关于各国探索和利用包括月球和其他天体在内外层空间活动的原则条约》及《禁止在海床洋底及其底土安置核武器和其他大规模杀伤性武器条约》，承担了有关条约义务。

China has acceded to the Antarctic Treaty, the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies and the Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Seabed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil Thereof, and has undertaken corresponding obligations.

中国坚定支持《全面禁止核试验条约》，为推动达成条约作出了重要贡献，是首批签署条约的国家之一。中国政府宣布从1996年7月起暂停核试验，并一直恪守这一承诺。中国支持《全面禁止核试验条约》早日生效，希望所有国家尽快签批条约，呼吁核武器国家及其他有关国家在条约生效前继续维持暂停试。中国正在为批准条约积极履行国内的法律程序，成立了负责履约筹备工作的国家机构，并积极参加了条约筹委会的工作和历届促进条约生效大会。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

China firmly supports the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). China has made significant contributions to the conclusion of the Treaty and was among the first to sign it. In July 1996, the Chinese government declared a moratorium on nuclear test, and has all long honored such commitment. China supports the early entry into force of the CTBT and hopes that all countries will sign and ratify it at an early date. Meanwhile, China appeals to nuclear-weapon states and other relevant countries to maintain the moratorium on nuclear test before the CTBT comes into force. Currently, China is working vigorously on its domestic legal procedures for the ratification of the CTBT, and has established competent national agency to prepare for its implementation. China has actively participated in the work of the CTBT Preparatory Commission and all previous Conferences on Facilitating the Entry into Force of the CTBT.

中国支持日内瓦裁军谈判会议在达成全面、平衡的工作计划的基础上，早日开始谈判“禁止生产用于核武器或其他核爆炸装置裂变材料条约”。

China supports the early start of the negotiation of a treaty on the prohibition of the production of fissile material for nuclear weapons or other explosive devices on the basis of a comprehensive and balanced program of work to be reached by the CD in Geneva.

生物武器和化学武器问题

Biological and Chemical Weapons

中国在历史上曾深受外国生物武器和化学武器的伤害。日本遗弃在华化学武器至今仍对中国人民生命财产和生态环境安全构成重大而现实的威胁。

China suffered a lot from the use of biological and chemical weapons by foreign countries in history. The chemical weapons abandoned by Japan on Chinese soil are still posing a grave and real threat to the lives and property of the Chinese people, and to the ecological environment.

中国支持国际社会禁止生物武器和化学武器的努力，积极参与有关条约或议定书的谈判，以实际行动推进国际社会禁止与销毁生物武器和化学武器进程。

China supports the efforts by the international community to ban biological and chemical weapons and has actively participated in the negotiations of relevant treaties or protocols. China has taken concrete actions to promote the process undertaken by the international community to achieve complete prohibition and thorough destruction of biological and chemical weapons.

中国于1984年加入《禁止生物武器公约》，一贯支持并积极参与旨在加强公约有效性的多边努力。中国积极参加公约审议大会，提交了关于遵约情况的报告。从1988年起，中国一直按照公约审议会议的决定，每年向联合国提交《禁止生物武器公约》建立信任措施宣布资料。中国还积极参与了《禁止生物武器公约》议定书的谈判以及缔约国年会和专家组会议。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

China acceded to the BWC in 1984, and has always supported and actively participated in the multilateral endeavors aimed at strengthening the effectiveness of the Convention. China has actively participated in the BWC Review Conferences and submitted reports on compliance with the BWC. Since 1988, China has submitted to the UN its annual declarations on the confidence-building measures pursuant to relevant decisions of the Review Conferences. China has also played an active role in the negotiations on a protocol to the BWC as well as in the annual meetings of the States Parties and meetings of the experts.

中国积极参与了《禁止化学武器公约》的谈判，并力主将禁止使用化学武器和妥善处理遗弃化学武器问题纳入公约范畴，最终促成公约成为一个真正全面禁止化学武器的国际法律文书。

China actively participated in the negotiations of the CWC and had called strongly for addressing the issues of prohibiting the use of chemical weapons and the proper disposal of abandoned chemical weapons within the framework of the Convention, making it an international legal instrument truly for the complete ban of chemical weapons.

作为公约原始缔约国，中国为有效履行《禁止化学武器公约》及增进其普遍性作出了积极贡献。中国建立并不断完善国内履约法律体系和国家履约措施，加强国家履约机构能力建设。根据《禁止化学武器公约》的规定和本国国情，中国建立了中央和地方两级履约机构，形成了覆盖全国、管理有效的履约体系。在部分化学工业发达地区，还建立了市、县级履约机构。中国根据公约规定，按时、完整地提交了初始宣布和各类年度宣布。截至2005年6月底，中国接受了禁止化学武器组织95次现场核查，核查结果均表明中国严格履行了公约义务。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

As an original State Party to the CWC, China has made positive contributions to the effective implementation of the Convention and promotion of its universality. China has established and been constantly improving its national legislation and other measures for implementation of the Convention, as well as enhancing the capabilities of its National Authority. In accordance with the provisions of the Convention and the national conditions, China has set up implementation offices at both national and provincial levels, which constitute an effective nation-wide implementation system. In regions with advanced chemical industries, city and county level offices have also been established. China has, pursuant to the provisions of the Convention, submitted various categories of initial and annual declarations to the OPCW in a timely and comprehensive manner. By the end of June 2005, China has received 95 on-site inspections by the OPCW, the conclusions of which have all demonstrated that China has strictly implemented its obligations under the Convention.

中国政府不断推动《禁止化学武器公约》在香港特别行政区和澳门特别行政区的实施。2004年，香港特区完成了有关履约立法，特区政府通过中央政府提交了宣布，履约工作已经启动。澳门特区相关的履约筹备工作，包括履约立法正在有序进行。中国政府重视《禁止化学武器公约》在中国台湾地区的实施问题，将继续努力在一个中国前提下寻求妥善解决这一问题的办法。

The Chinese government has been constantly promoting the implementation of the CWC in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Macao Special Administrative Region. In 2004, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region started to implement the CWC, as the relevant implementation legislation was adopted and declarations were submitted to the OPCW through China's Central Government. Preparatory work for implementation of the CWC in the Macao Special Administrative Region, including implementation legislation, has registered steady progress. The Chinese government attaches importance to the implementation of the CWC in the Taiwan region of China and will continue to seek proper solution to the issue in accordance with the One China principle.

1999年，中日两国政府签署了《关于销毁中国境内日本遗弃化学武器的备忘录》。目前，处理日本遗弃在华化学武器工作已由研究论证阶段转入建设实施阶段，中日双方已就销毁技术、销毁设施选址等达成一致，专项环境标准已基本制定完成，日本遗弃在华化学武器挖掘回收与销毁设施建设的前期准备工作正按计划进行。

In 1999, the governments of China and Japan signed the Memorandum of Understanding on the Destruction of the Chemical Weapons Abandoned by Japan in China. Currently, relevant work of disposing the chemical weapons abandoned by Japan has moved from the phase of theoretical research and experiment to that of construction and implementation. The two sides have reached agreement on issues like the destruction technologies and location of destruction facility. Specific environmental standards have, by and large, been worked out. The preparatory work for the excavation and recovery of the chemical weapons abandoned by Japan and construction of the destruction facility is currently under way as planned.

中国积极参与禁止化学武器组织的各项活动，与该组织联合在华举办了三次地区履约会议和两次视察员培训班。中国还致力于促进各缔约国在化学领域的经济、技术发展及用于和平目的的化工贸易及其他国际合作。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

China takes an active part in the activities of the OPCW and has organized in China, jointly with the OPCW, three regional seminars on the implementation of the CWC and two training courses for inspectors. China also devotes itself to the promotion of economic and technological development in the chemical field, as well as trade and other international cooperation among States Parties for peaceful purposes.

防止外空军备竞赛问题

Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space (PAROS)

中国积极推动国际社会重视并处理防止外空军备竞赛和防止外空武器化问题，主张日内瓦裁军谈判会议设立防止外空军备竞赛问题特委会，谈判相关国际法律文书。作为第一步，裁谈会应尽早就防止外空军备竞赛问题开展实质性工作。

China has been vigorously calling for attention and efforts by the international community to prevent an arms race in and the weaponization of outer space. China stands for the establishment of an Ad Hoc Committee on PAROS by the CD in Geneva to negotiate an international legal instrument on PAROS. As a first step, the CD should set out to conduct substantive work on the issue of PAROS at an early date.

2000年，中国向裁谈会提交了题为“中国关于裁谈会处理防止外空军备竞赛问题的立场和建议”的工作文件，指出防止外空军备竞赛应成为裁谈会最优先议题之一，建议重建特委会，谈判缔结一项有关国际法律文书。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

In 2000, China submitted to the CD a working paper entitled "China's Position on and Suggestions for Ways to Address the Issue of Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space at the Conference on Disarmament," pointing out that PAROS should be one of the top priorities on the CD's agenda, and proposing the reestablishment of the Ad Hoc Committee to negotiate an international legal instrument in this regard.

2002年6月，中国、俄罗斯、白俄罗斯、印度尼西亚、叙利亚、越南、津巴布韦联合向裁谈会提交了关于“防止在外空部署武器、对外空物体使用或威胁使用武力国际法律文书要点”的工作文件，就未来国际法律文书的主要内容提出了具体建议，得到了许多国家的支持。

In June 2002, China, Russia, Belarus, Indonesia, Syria, Vietnam and Zimbabwe submitted to the CD a joint working paper entitled "Possible Elements for a Future International Agreement on the Prevention of Deployment of Weapons in Outer Space, the Threat or Use of Force against Outer Space Objects," putting forward specific proposals on the major elements for the future international legal instrument, which has gained wide support from many countries.

2004年8月，中国与俄罗斯在裁谈会联合散发了关于“现有国际法律文书与防止外空武器化”和“防止外空军备竞赛的核查问题”两份专题文件。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

In August 2004, China and Russia jointly distributed two thematic papers at the CD, entitled "Existing International Legal Instruments and the Prevention of the Weaponization of Outer Space" and "Verification Aspects of Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space."

2005年3月，中国、俄罗斯、联合国裁军问题研究所、加拿大西蒙斯基金会在日内瓦联合举办了“确保外空安全：防止外空军备竞赛”国际研讨会，会议取得圆满成功。

In March 2005, China and Russia, together with the UN Institute for Disarmament Research and the Simons Foundation of Canada, successfully hosted an international conference in Geneva on "Safeguarding Outer Space Security: Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space".

2005年6月，中国与俄罗斯在裁谈会联合散发了关于“防止外空武器化法律文书的定义问题”专题文件。

In June 2005, China and Russia jointly distributed a thematic paper at the CD, entitled "Definition Issues Regarding Legal Instruments on the Prevention of Weaponization of Outer Space."

导弹问题

Missiles

中国支持联合国等多边机构在处理导弹及其相关问题进程中发挥重要作用，推动在导弹防扩散方面建立一项为国际社会普遍接受的公正、非歧视性的多边机制。联合国导弹问题政府专家组是联合国框架内第一个专门处理导弹问题的机制，中国以建设性态度参加了专家组工作。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

China supports the important role played by the UN and other multilateral institutions in addressing missile and related issues. China advocates the establishment of a fair and non-discriminatory multilateral mechanism universally accepted by the international community in the field of missile non-proliferation. The UN Group of Governmental Experts on Missiles is the first specialized mechanism for addressing missile issues within the framework of the UN. China has participated in its work constructively.

中国赞同“防止弹道导弹扩散海牙行为准则”的防扩散宗旨，积极参加了草案的讨论。中国虽未加入该准则，但一直与包括准则成员国在内的各方保持沟通，共同致力于防止弹道导弹扩散。

China shares the non-proliferation objective of the Hague Code of Conduct Against Ballistic Missile Proliferation (HCOC) and took an active part in the discussions on the draft of the HCOC. Although China has not joined the HCOC, it has kept in touch with all parties including the subscribing states to the HCOC, making joint efforts to prevent the proliferation of ballistic missiles.

常规武器问题

Conventional Weapons

中国认真履行《特定常规武器公约》的义务，致力于加强公约有效性和普遍性。中国历来重视地雷、特别是杀伤人员地雷的不当使用对平民造成的伤害，赞成对地雷的使用进行适当、合理的限制，以防止地雷滥杀滥伤平民。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

China earnestly fulfills its obligation under the CCW and has been dedicated to enhancing its effectiveness and universality. China has always been deeply concerned about civilian casualties caused by inappropriate use of landmines, in particular anti-personnel landmines (APL). China supports appropriate and reasonable restrictions on the use of landmines, so as to prevent their indiscriminate use against civilians.

自加入经修订的《地雷议定书》以来，中国严格履行议定书各项规定，积极开展履约宣传和教育，根据议定书要求制定了一系列新的军用标准，对不符合议定书规定的老、旧地雷进行了全面普查，并分批分期改造或销毁，迄今已销毁了数十万枚老、旧地雷。自1996年宣布暂停出口不符合经修订的《地雷议定书》规定的杀伤人员地雷以来，中国一直恪守承诺。上世纪90年代，中国在边境地区进行了两次大规模扫雷行动，基本消除了境内雷患。

Since its accession to the Amended Protocol on Landmines, China has strictly implemented the provisions of the Protocol. Public awareness and education campaigns concerning the implementation of the Protocol have been launched. A series of new military standards as required by the Protocol have been adopted. A comprehensive survey of old or obsolete landmines has been conducted, and a phased program of modification or destruction of such landmines is implemented. To date, hundreds of thousands of old or obsolete landmines have been destroyed. China has observed in good faith its commitment declared in 1996 to a moratorium on export of APL that do not meet the requirements of the Protocol. In the 1990s, China conducted two large-scale de-mining operations in the border areas, thus basically eliminating landmine problems within its borders.

中国理解和同情其他国家面临的雷患问题，积极致力于国际扫雷援助与合作。从1998年至今，中国通过捐款、援助扫雷装备、扫雷技术培训等方式，积极参与近10个亚、非国家的扫雷工作。2004年，中方与“国际禁雷运动”澳大利亚分会在昆明联合举办了“人道主义扫雷技术与合作国际研讨会”。

China fully understands and sympathizes with other countries' sufferings caused by landmines and has been actively engaged in international de-mining assistance and cooperation. Since 1998, China has participated in de-mining operations in about 10 countries in Asia and Africa through various forms of assistance, including financial donations, providing de-mining equipment and technical training. In 2004, China and the Australian Network of International Campaign to Ban Landmines co-sponsored a Humanitarian Mine/UXO Clearance Technology and Cooperation Workshop in Kunming.

中国虽未加入《渥太华禁雷公约》，但认同其人道主义宗旨和目标，不断加强与公约缔约国之间的沟通与交流。

Though China is not a party to the Ottawa Convention, it endorses the humanitarian purposes and objectives of the Convention and has been constantly strengthening exchanges and communication with its States Parties.

中国重视反车辆地雷问题，认为反车辆地雷与杀伤人员地雷造成的人道主义关切程度不同，处理方式也应有所区别；应充分考虑各国国情和实际承受能力，通过多种途径解决反车辆地雷问题。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

China also attaches importance to the issue of anti-vehicle landmines (AVL). China is of the view that the issue of AVL should be addressed differently from that of APL, as the extent of the humanitarian concerns caused by AVL and APL are different. China is in favor of a multi-faceted approach to addressing the issue, taking into full account the specific situation and actual capacities of different countries.

中国以建设性态度参与了《战争遗留爆炸物议定书》的谈判缔结，支持议定书早日生效，目前正积极准备批准该议定书。

China played a constructive role in the negotiation and conclusion of the Protocol on Explosive Remnants of War and is in favor of its early entry into force. Currently, China is actively preparing for the ratification of this Protocol.

中国支持打击轻、小武器非法贸易的多边努力，积极参与联合国的有关工作。中国为《枪支议定书》的谈判缔结发挥了建设性作用，并于2002年12月签署《枪支议定书》。中国支持并积极参与了联合国“识别和追查非法轻、小武器国际文书”的谈判，认真落实联合国轻、小武器《行动纲领》，及时向联合国提交国家报告。2005年4月，中国与联合国、日本、瑞士在北京联合举办了轻、小武器问题国际研讨会。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

China supports multilateral efforts to combat the illicit trade in SALW and has actively participated in the relevant work within the UN framework. China played a constructive role in the negotiation of the Firearms Protocol and signed the Protocol in December 2002. China supports and actively participated in the negotiation of the UN Instrument on Identifying and Tracing Illicit SALW. It has earnestly implemented the UN Program of Action on SALW and has submitted its national reports in a timely manner. In April 2005, China hosted an international workshop on SALW in Beijing, which was co-sponsored with the UN, Japan and Switzerland.

四、致力于国家和区域裁军

IV. Committed to National and Regional Disarmament

中国坚定不移地奉行防御性的国防政策。在确保国家安全利益的前提下，中国始终将军队的数量和规模控制在维护国家安全需要最低限度内，多次主动采取单方面的裁军行动。

China has unswervingly pursued a national defense policy that is defensive in nature. Under the premise of ensuring national security interests, China has always kept the quantity and size of its armed forces at the minimum level necessary for maintaining national security and has for many times taken the initiative to adopt unilateral disarmament.

中国高度重视亚太地区的安全、稳定与发展，坚持“与邻为善、以邻为伴”的方针和“睦邻、安邻、富邻”的政策，努力探索建立信任措施的有效途径，积极参加地区安全机制建设，致力于建立一个对话而非对抗的亚太安全框架。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

Attaching high importance to the security, stability and development of the Asia-Pacific region, China has adhered to the principle of "building friendship and partnership with neighboring countries" and the policy of "fostering an amicable, peaceful and prosperous neighborhood," endeavored to seek effective approaches for confidence-building measures (CBMs), actively participated in the construction of regional security mechanism and devoted itself to establishing an Asia-Pacific security framework featuring dialogue rather than confrontation.

大幅裁减军队员额

Large-scale Reduction of the Military Personnel

中国于1985年决定裁减军队员额100万。到1987年，中国人民解放军的总员额由423.8万减到323.5万。之后，又作了进一步裁减。至1990年，全军总员额减到319.9万，共裁减103.9万。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

China made the decision to downsize its military personnel by one million in 1985. By 1987, the size of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) had been reduced from 4.238 million to 3.235 million and further reductions followed thereafter. By 1990, the number of armed forces had been cut down to 3.199 million, downsized by a total of 1.039 million.

1990年以后，中国军队进行了一系列调整，军队规模进一步缩小。1997年，中国决定在三年内再次裁减军队员额50万，使中国军队规模降至250万的水平。2003年，中国决定在两年内再裁减军队员额20万，使军队总规模降至230万。

Since 1990, China's armed forces have undergone a series of adjustments and their size has continued to shrink. China decided in 1997 to once again downsize its military by 500,000 within three years, reducing its military size to the level of 2.5 million. In 2003, China decided to further cut down the number by 200,000 within two years and to reduce its military size to the level of 2.3 million.

在较短时间内，中国单方面裁军行动的范围之广、裁减幅度之大为国际军控与裁军史所少见，充分体现了中国政府和人民对军控与裁军事业的坚定信念和爱和平、求发展的真诚愿望。

The wide scope and magnitude of China's unilateral disarmament in such a relatively short period of time are rarely seen in the history of international arms control and disarmament. This has fully demonstrated the firm belief of the Chinese government and people on the arms control and disarmament cause as well as their sincere aspiration for peace and development.

维持较低水平国防费

Maintaining a Low Level of Defense Spending

中国一贯注重控制国防费规模，按照国防建设与经济建设协调发展的方针合理安排国防费。改革开放以来，为集中力量进行经济建设，中国政府严格控制国防支出。1979年至2004年，中国国防费占同期国家财政支出的比例总体呈下降趋势，1979年为17.37%，2004年为7.76%，2004年与1979年相比，下降近10个百分点。 　

China has always put emphasis on the control of its defense expenditure scale. The defense spending is appropriately allocated under the guideline of coordinated development of national defense and economy. Since the adoption of the reform and opening-up policies, the Chinese government has kept its defense expenditure under strict control in order to concentrate its strength on economic development. From 1979 to 2004, the percentages of China's defense expenditure to its financial expenditure of the same period followed a downward curve on the whole. It was 17.37% in 1979, and 7.76% in 2004, down by about 10 percentage points.　

图表1：1979—2004年中国国防费占同期国家财政支出的比例

 

中国国防支出的总体水平在世界上相对较低。中国国防支出的低水平，不仅反映在国防费的绝对值上，也反映在国防费占国内生产总值（GDP）和国家财政支出的比重上。2004年，中国的国防费为2199.86亿元人民币，占当年国内生产总值和国家财政支出的比重分别为1.61%和7.76%。2004年中国的国防费仅相当于美国的5.77%、英国的41.03%、法国的75.65%、日本的63.97%。2005年，中国的年度国防费预算为2477.56亿元人民币。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

China's overall defense expenditure remains at a relatively low level in the world. This is not only reflected in the absolute amount of defense expenditure, but also in the percentages to the GDP and financial expenditure. In 2004, China's defense expenditure registered 219.986 billion yuan, accounting for 1.61% of that year's GDP and 7.76% of that year's financial expenditure and amounting to only 5.77% of that of the US, 41.03% that of the United Kingdom, 75.65% that of France and 63.97% that of Japan. China's defense budget for 2005 is 247.756 billion yuan.　　　

图表2：2003年、2004年部分国家国防费比较（金额单位：亿美元）

　　

图表3：2004年度部分国家国防费占国内生产总值（GDP）和财政支出的比例（％） 

国 家	美国	俄罗斯	英国	法国	日本	中国
占GDP	4.02	2.69	3.50	2.01	0.98	1.61
占财政支出	20.09	15.49	8.33	11.14	5.97	7.76

　　

Note: Statistics in the chart are sourced from the national defense reports, financial reports or other government reports released by the said countries. In 2003 and 2004, the average dollar-yuan exchange rate was 8.2770 and 8.2768 respectively.

Chart 3: Percentage of Defense Expenditure to GDP and to State Financial Expenditure of Some Countries in 2004 (%)
Country	US	Russia	UK	France	Japan	China
To GDP	4.02	2.69	3.50	2.01	0.98	1.61
To State Financial Expenditure	20.09	15.49	8.33	11.14	5.97	7.76

近年来，中国在国家经济发展和财政收入增长的基础上，适度增加了国防费，但增长幅度较小。上世纪90年代以来的绝大多数年份，中国国防费的增长率低于国家财政支出的增长率。中国增加的国防费主要用于：1.提高军队人员工资福利待遇，保证军队人员生活水平随着社会经济发展同步提高；2.完善军人社会保险制度，包括建立军人伤亡保险、退役医疗保险、军人住房补贴、随军配偶基本生活保障和社会保险补贴等制度；3.保障军队体制编制调整改革，对最近裁减的20万军队员额进行妥善的退役安置；4.加大军队人才建设投入，完善人才激励机制，确保军队人才战略工程的实施；5.适度增加部分装备建设经费，提高军队在现代技术特别是高技术条件下的防卫作战能力。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

Based on the economic development and revenue growth, China has moderately increased its defense expenditure in recent years. However, the increase was relatively small. For most years since the 1990s, the growth rate of China's defense expenditure has been lower than that of the state financial expenditure. The increased part of the defense expenditure has primarily been used for the following purposes: 1. Increase of the salaries and allowances of the military personnel to ensure the improvement of their living standards in step with the socio-economic development; 2. Further improvement of the social insurance system for servicemen, including the establishment of systems like casualty insurance, medical insurance for ex-servicemen, housing subsidy, basic life guarantee for accompanying spouses of servicemen and social insurance subsidy; 3. Support for the structural and organizational reform of the military and proper resettlement for the 200,000 servicemen recently discharged from active service; 4. Increased investment in the development of high-caliber talents in the military, and refined incentive mechanism for talented people to ensure the achievement of the PLA's Strategic Project for Talented People; and 5. Moderate increase of equipment expenses to improve the PLA's defensive combating capability under the conditions of modern technology, particularly high technology.

图表4：1995-2004年中国国防费增长率与国家财政支出增长率（%）

 

Chart 4：Comparison Between the Growth Rates of China's Defense Expenditure and State Financial Expenditure from 1995 to 2004 (%)

中国政府对国防费始终坚持严格控制、严格管理、严格监督的原则，建立了完善的管理体制和法规制度。中国政府依据《中华人民共和国国防法》，保障国防事务的必要经费，将国防费全部纳入国家财政预算安排，并按《中华人民共和国预算法》实施管理。中国的国防预算由全国人民代表大会审查批准，是公开、透明的。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

The Chinese government has always adhered to the principle of strict control, strict management and strict supervision of defense expenditure and has established a full-fledged management and legal system. The Chinese government, pursuant to the National Defense Law of the People's Republic of China, ensures the necessary funds for national defense, incorporates the entire expenditure in the state budget and exercises management over it in accordance with the Budget Law of the People's Republic of China. Examined and approved by the National People's Congress, China's defense budget is open and transparent.

区域裁军和建立信任措施

Regional Disarmament and Confidence-Building Measures

中国高度重视并积极推动区域裁军和建立信任措施合作，与有关邻国达成了一系列协定和共识，为改善地区安全环境、促进共同发展作出了贡献。这些协定反映了中国倡导的新安全观，体现了一些对亚太安全对话与合作具有普遍意义的原则和精神，包括：相互同等安全；以对话合作谋求安全；平等协商、互利合作；不针对第三国；不威胁或损害他国的安全与稳定；坚持防御性国防政策；军事领域友好交往等。

China attaches great importance to and actively promotes the cooperation on regional disarmament and CBMs. It has reached a series of agreements and consensus with relevant neighboring countries, thus making contributions to the improvement of regional security environment and enhancement of common development. These agreements reflect the new security concept initiated by China and embody the principles and spirit that are of universal significance to security dialogue and cooperation in Asia-Pacific, including mutual and equal security; seeking security through dialogue and cooperation; equal consultation and mutually beneficial cooperation; being not against a third state; no threat or harm to the security and stability of other countries; insisting on national defense policy of defensive nature; friendly exchanges in the military field, etc.

1994年7月，中国与俄罗斯签署《关于预防危险军事活动的协定》。1996年4月，中国与哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、俄罗斯、塔吉克斯坦签署《关于在边境地区加强军事领域信任的协定》。1997年4月，中国与上述国家签署了《关于在边境地区相互裁减军事力量的协定》。上述协定开启了“上海五国”的合作进程，为上海合作组织的成立和发展奠定了坚实基础。上海合作组织成立四年多来，已建立起较完善的机构体系和法律基础，顺利启动安全、经济等领域的合作，正发展成为促进地区安全、稳定和发展的重要机制。

In July 1994, China and Russia signed the Agreement on the Prevention of Dangerous Military Activities. In April 1996, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan signed the Agreement on Confidence-Building in the Military Field Along the Border Areas. In April 1997, China signed the Agreement on the Mutual Reduction of Military Forces in the Border Areas with the aforementioned countries. These agreements opened the cooperation process of the "Shanghai Five" and laid down a solid foundation for the establishment and development of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). For more than four years since its establishment, SCO has formed a full-fledged institutional system and legal basis, smoothly launched the cooperation in the security, economic and other fields and is growing into a significant mechanism promoting regional security, stability and development.

1993年9月，中国与印度签署了《关于在中印边境实际控制线地区保持和平与安宁的协定》。1996年11月，两国签署了《关于在中印边境实际控制线地区军事领域建立信任措施的协定》。2005年4月，中印两国签署《关于在中印边境实际控制线地区军事领域建立信任措施的实施办法的议定书》，就1996年建立信任措施协定有关条款的具体实施办法达成协议。上述协定的签署和落实，为维护中、印边境的和平安宁，促进两国友好关系发展，推动边界问题的和平解决发挥了重要积极作用。

In September 1993, China and India signed the Agreement on the Maintenance of Peace and Tranquility Along the Line of Actual Control in the China-India Border Areas. In November 1996, the two countries signed the Agreement on Confidence-Building Measures in the Military Field Along the Line of Actual Control in the China-India Border Areas. In April 2005, the two countries signed the Protocol on Modalities for the Implementation of Confidence-Building Measures in the Military Field Along the Line of Actual Control in the China-India Border Areas, which is an agreement on the concrete implementing approaches of relevant clauses in the Agreement signed in 1996. The signing and implementation of these agreements have played important and positive roles in maintaining peace and tranquility in the China-India border areas, promoting the friendly relations between the two countries and facilitating the peaceful resolution of the border issue.

2002年11月，中国与东盟签署《南海各方行为宣言》，显示了各方维护南海稳定、开展南海合作的共同意愿。各方承诺以和平方式解决领土和管辖权争议；不采取使争议复杂化、扩大化的行动；通过国防官员对话、自愿通报联合军事演习等促进相互信任；积极开展海洋环保、海洋科研、航行和交通安全、搜救、打击跨国犯罪等领域合作。2004年12月，中国与东盟举行了落实《南海各方行为宣言》后续行动高官会，会议就启动南海合作达成了重要共识，并决定成立落实《南海各方行为宣言》后续行动联合工作组。2005年8月，联合工作组在菲律宾举行了首次会议。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

In November 2002, China and ASEAN signed the Declaration on the Conduct of the Parties in the South China Sea (DOC), which showed all parties' common desire to maintain stability and carry out cooperation in this region. The parties concerned undertook to resolve their territorial and jurisdictional disputes by peaceful means, refrain from taking any actions that would complicate or escalate disputes, promote mutual trust through dialogues between defense officials and voluntary notification of joint military exercise, and actively carry out cooperation in the fields of marine environmental protection, marine scientific research, safety of navigation and communication at sea, search and rescue operation and combating transnational crimes. In December 2004, China and ASEAN held the Senior Officials Meeting on the Implementation of the DOC, at which important consensus was reached on launching the South China Sea cooperation and the decision was made on the establishment of a Joint Working Group for the implementation of the DOC. In August 2005, the first meeting of the Joint Working Group was convened in the Philippines.

中国高度重视东盟地区论坛的作用，支持其开展建立信任措施，每年主动提交《年度安全展望报告》。自1997年起，中国共承办了两次东盟地区论坛建立信任措施会间会，以及中国安全政策培训班、军事后勤保障研讨会、加强非传统安全领域合作研讨会等八个建立信任措施项目。中国支持东盟地区论坛逐步扩大国防官员参与，于2003年论坛第十届外长会议上提出召开安全政策会议的倡议，并于2004年11月在北京召开了首次“东盟地区论坛安全政策会议”。

China attaches great importance to the role played by the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), supports its CBMs and voluntarily submits the Annual Report on Security Outlook every year. Since 1997, China has hosted two Inter-sessional Meetings on CBMs of the ARF and undertaken eight CBMs programs, including Training Courses on Chinese Security Policies, Seminar on Military Logistics Support and Seminar on Strengthening Cooperation in the Field of Non-traditional Security Issues. China supports gradual expansion of defense officials' participation in the ARF. At the ARF's Tenth Meeting of Foreign Ministers in 2003, China put forward the proposal of convening a meeting on security policies, and in November 2004, the first ARF Security Policy Conference was held in Beijing.

五、积极参加国际防扩散努力

V. Actively Participating in International Non-Proliferation Efforts

防止大规模杀伤性武器及其运载工具扩散是国际社会面临的共同任务。中国坚决反对大规模杀伤性武器及其运载工具的扩散，积极参与国际防扩散进程。中国已参加了防扩散领域的所有国际条约和相关国际组织，并与其他国家和有关多国出口控制机制积极开展交流与合作。中国积极参与国际社会解决有关防扩散问题的外交努力，推动通过对话与合作，以和平方式解决相关问题。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

Preventing the proliferation of WMD and their means of delivery is the common task of the international community. China firmly opposes the proliferation of WMD and their means of delivery and has actively participated in international non-proliferation process. China has joined all international treaties and relevant organizations in the field of non-proliferation, and has maintained active exchanges and cooperation with other countries and relevant multinational export control mechanisms. China has actively participated in the diplomatic efforts of the international community to address relevant non-proliferation issues, working to promote resolution of such issues by peaceful means through dialogues and cooperation.

履行防扩散国际义务

Fulfilling International Obligations of Non-Proliferation

自1992年加入《不扩散核武器条约》以来，中国忠实履行条约各项义务，致力于维护和加强条约的普遍性、有效性和权威性，努力促进条约防止核武器扩散、推进核裁军进程、促进和平利用核能三大目标。

Since joining the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) in 1992, China has faithfully honored all its obligations and dedicated itself to maintaining and enhancing the universality, effectiveness and authority of the NPT. China remains committed to promoting the three goals of the NPT, namely, non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, nuclear disarmament and peaceful uses of nuclear energy.

1984年，中国加入国际原子能机构。1988年，中国与该机构签订了《中华人民共和国和国际原子能机构关于在中国实施保障的协定》，自愿将部分民用核设施置于机构的保障监督之下。1998年，中国与国际原子能机构签署了保障监督协定的附加议定书。2002年初，中国正式完成该议定书生效的国内法律程序，成为第一个完成该程序的核武器国家。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

China joined the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in 1984. In 1988, China signed the Agreement Between the People's Republic of China and the IAEA for the Application of Safeguards in China, and voluntarily placed its civilian nuclear facilities under the IAEA safeguards. China signed with the IAEA the Protocol Additional to the IAEA Safeguards Agreement in 1998, and in early 2002 formally completed the domestic legal procedures necessary for the entry into force of the Additional Protocol, thus becoming the first nuclear-weapon state to complete the relevant procedures.

1991年11月，中国政府宣布，在连续的基础上向国际原子能机构通报中国向无核武器国家出口或从无核武器国家进口大于1有效公斤核材料的情况。1993年7月，中国正式承诺，在自愿基础上向国际原子能机构通报所有核材料的进出口、核设备及相关非核材料的出口情况。1996年5月，中国承诺不向无核武器国家未接受国际原子能机构保障监督的核设施提供帮助，包括不对其进行核出口，不与其进行人员与技术的交流与合作。目前，中国已将进口国接受国际原子能机构全面保障监督作为核出口条件。

In November 1991, the Chinese government announced that it would, on a continuing basis, notify the IAEA of China's export to or import from non-nuclear-weapon states of any nuclear material of over one effective kilogram. In July 1993, China formally undertook that it would voluntarily notify IAEA of all its import and export of nuclear material as well as its export of nuclear equipment and related non-nuclear material. In May 1996, China pledged not to provide assistance, including nuclear export and personnel and technical exchanges and cooperation, to nuclear facilities of non-nuclear-weapon states not under the IAEA safeguards. At present, acceptance of the IAEA full-scope safeguards by importing countries has been set by China as the precondition for nuclear export.

　　中国高度重视《禁止化学武器公约》在防止化学武器扩散方面发挥的重要作用。中国颁布了一系列法规，制定了配套的管制清单，形成了一整套对公约附表化学品的生产、经营、使用及进出口活动的有效管理机制。中国与其他缔约国在附表化学品进出口领域保持沟通，及时核实澄清进出口数据，严格执行公约关于向非缔约国转让附表化学品的规定。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

China attaches great importance to the key role of the CWC in preventing proliferation of chemical weapons. China has promulgated a series of laws and regulations and adopted relevant control lists, which constitute a whole set of effective control mechanism covering production, sales, use, export and import of scheduled chemicals of the CWC. China has kept close contact with other States Parties to the CWC on export and import of scheduled chemicals, verifying and clarifying its export and import data in a timely manner and strictly implementing the provisions of the CWC on transferring scheduled chemicals to non-states parties.

中国严格履行《禁止生物武器公约》义务，颁布了一系列法规，对生物两用品及相关设备和技术出口实行严格管制。

China strictly fulfills its obligation under the BWC and has promulgated a series of laws and regulations to exercise strict control over export of dual-use biological agents and related equipment and technologies.

发展与多国出口控制机制的关系

Developing Relations with Multinational Export Control Mechanisms

中国重视多国出口控制机制在防扩散领域发挥的重要作用，积极与这些机制开展对话与交流，学习和借鉴其有益经验和做法。

China values the important role of the multinational export control mechanisms in the field of non-proliferation. China has conducted active dialogues and exchanges with these mechanisms, learning from and drawing on their useful experience and practices for its own reference.

1997年10月，中国加入“桑戈委员会”。2004年6月，中国加入“核供应国集团”，严格按其准则和清单实施出口管制。

In October 1997, China joined the Zangger Committee. In June 2004, China joined the Nuclear Suppliers Group and is now managing export control in strict accordance with the rules and list of the Group.

2004年2月和5月，中国与“导弹及其技术控制制度”分别在巴黎和北京举行了两轮对话会，就导弹领域的出口控制制度、控制清单、执法情况及中国加入问题进行了交流和磋

商。2004年9月，中国正式申请加入“导弹及其技术控制制度”。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

In February and May 2004, China held two rounds of dialogues with the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) in Paris and Beijing respectively, exchanging views on export control regimes, control lists and law-enforcement in the missile field as well as China's membership in the MTCR. In September 2004, China officially submitted its application for membership of the MTCR.

中国还与“澳大利亚集团”保持接触和交流。双方分别于2004年3月和2005年3月举行了两轮磋商，就生物和化学领域防扩散形势、《禁止化学武器公约》和《禁止生物武器公约》履约情况、“澳大利亚集团”运作情况、中国防扩散政策和出口管制措施等交换看法。

China also keeps contacts and exchanges with the Australia Group. The two sides held two rounds of consultations in March 2004 and March 2005 respectively, during which views were exchanged on the non-proliferation situation in the biological and chemical field, implementation of the CWC and the BWC, operation of the Australia Group and China's non-proliferation policy and export control measures.

2004年4月和2005年5月，中国同“瓦森纳安排”在维也纳举行了两轮对话会，就常规武器及相关双用途物项和技术的出口管制原则、清单及“最佳操作规范”等问题深入交换意见，双方同意将此对话机制化。

In April 2004 and May 2005, China held two rounds of dialogues with the Wassenaar Arrangement in Vienna, exchanging views on the principles of export control on conventional weapons and related dual-use items and technologies, the control list and "the best practice." The two sides agreed to hold regular dialogues in the future.

开展防扩散交流与合作

Conducting Exchanges and Cooperation on Non-Proliferation

中国重视并积极开展双边防扩散交流与合作，借鉴其他国家在防扩散领域的有益经验和做法。中国与澳大利亚、法国、德国、日本、韩国、巴基斯坦、俄罗斯、英国、美国以及欧盟等保持着磋商与交流。2004年12月，中国与欧盟签署《中华人民共和国与欧洲联盟关于防扩散和军备控制问题的联合声明》，双方相互确认对方为裁军和防扩散领域的重要战略伙伴，并确定了优先合作领域。中国还严格按照防扩散政策和出口管制法规，通过情报交流和执法合作，与有关国家联合打击扩散活动。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

China attaches importance to and actively participates in bilateral exchanges and cooperation on non-proliferation, whereby it is able to draw on the useful experience and practices of other countries in this field. China has maintained consultations and exchanges with Australia, France, Germany, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Pakistan, Russia, the UK, the US and the EU. In December 2004, China and the EU signed the Joint Declaration on Non-Proliferation and Arms Control, in which the two sides confirm that China and the EU are major strategic partners in the fields of disarmament and non-proliferation, and define the priority areas for cooperation in this regard. China has also, in strict compliance with its non-proliferation policies and export control laws and regulations, worked with relevant countries to crack down on proliferation activities through information exchange and law-enforcement cooperation.

中国支持有关地区组织和机制在防扩散方面发挥作用，以建设性态度参加了有关交流与对话，探讨在地区层面解决扩散问题的有效途径。中国参加了东盟地区论坛加强防扩散的努力。中国将与美国、新加坡于2006年共同承办东盟地区论坛防扩散研讨会。中国愿与各方继续保持沟通与协调，共同推动地区防扩散进程。

China supports the role of relevant regional organizations and mechanisms in the field of non-proliferation, and has participated in relevant exchanges and dialogues in a constructive manner, exploring effective ways to address non-proliferation issues at the regional level. China has participated in the initiatives of the ARF to strengthen non-proliferation efforts. China will, in cooperation with the US and Singapore, hold an ARF seminar on non-proliferation in 2006. China is ready to keep contact and coordination with other parties to jointly promote the regional non-proliferation process.

推动联合国发挥重要作用

Promoting the Important Role of the UN

作为联合国安理会常任理事国，中国支持联合国在防扩散领域发挥重要作用，促进国际共识，深化国际合作。

As a permanent member of the UN Security Council, China supports the important role played by the UN in the field of non-proliferation in further consolidating international consensus and deepening international cooperation.

1992年初，联合国安理会发表主席声明，把大规模杀伤性武器的扩散定为对国际和平与安全的威胁。中国在声明起草过程中发挥了建设性作用。

In early 1992, the UN Security Council issued a Presidential Statement, defining the proliferation of WMD as a threat to international peace and security. China played a constructive role in drafting the Statement.

2004年4月，联合国安理会一致通过第1540号决议。该决议是安理会通过的第一个专门的防扩散决议，有利于在现有国际法基础上推动和加强国际合作，妥善解决非国家行为者获取和贩运大规模杀伤性武器及其运载工具和相关材料的问题。中国积极参加了决议磋商，提出了许多建设性建议，为通过该决议作出了重要贡献。2004年10月，中国根据决议要求提交了执行决议情况的国家报告，从立法、执法及国际合作等方面详细介绍了中国政府为防止和打击非国家行为者的扩散活动所采取的措施。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

In April 2004, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1540 unanimously. As the first resolution specifically on non-proliferation adopted by the Security Council, it is conducive to promoting and enhancing international cooperation on the basis of existing international laws, and to properly addressing the problem of acquisition and trafficking of WMD, their means of delivery and the related materials by non-state actors. China actively participated in the consultations on the Resolution, put forward many constructive proposals and made important contributions to its adoption. In October 2004, China submitted its national report on implementation of the Resolution in accordance with the provisions of the Resolution, which introduced in detail measures taken by the Chinese government to prevent and combat proliferation activities by non-state actors in the areas of legislation, law-enforcement and international cooperation.

六、加强防扩散出口管制　　

VI. Tightening Non-Proliferation Export Control

有效的出口管制是实现防扩散目标的重要手段。作为一个具有一定工业和科技能力的国家，中国在这一领域采取了极为负责任的政策和举措。经过多年努力，中国的防扩散出口管制完成了从行政管理向法制化管理的转变，相关出口管制做法已与国际通行做法基本一致。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

Effective export control serves as an important means to pursue the non-proliferation goal. As a country with certain capacity in industry, science and technology, China has adopted highly responsible policies and measures in this regard. After years of endeavor, China has completed a transition in its non-proliferation export control from an administrative pattern to one based on law with relevant measures basically in line with common international practices.

防扩散出口管制法规体系

Legal System on Non-Proliferation Export Control

自上世纪90年代中期以来，中国逐步建立起涵盖核、生物、化学、导弹等相关敏感物项和技术及所有军品的完备的出口管制法规体系。在核领域，中国政府颁布了《中华人民共和国核出口管制条例》、《中华人民共和国核两用品及相关技术出口管制条例》。在生化领域，中国政府颁布了《中华人民共和国生物两用品及相关设备和技术出口管制条例》、《中华人民共和国监控化学品管理条例》及《实施细则》、《各类监控化学品名录》、《有关化学品及相关设备和技术出口管制办法》。在导弹领域，中国政府颁布了《中华人民共和国导弹及相关物项和技术出口管制条例》。在军品出口领域，中国政府颁布了《中华人民共和国军品出口管理条例》。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

Since the mid-1990s, China has gradually set up a comprehensive legal system for export control of nuclear, biological, chemical, missile and other sensitive items and technologies as well as all military products. The Chinese government has promulgated the Regulations of the PRC on the Control of Nuclear Export and the Regulations of the PRC on the Control of Nuclear Dual-Use Items and Related Technologies Export in the nuclear field; the Regulations of the PRC on the Export Control of Dual-Use Biological Agents and Related Equipment and Technologies, the Regulations of the PRC on the Administration of the Controlled Chemicals together with the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Regulations, the Controlled Chemicals List and the Measures on the Export Control of Certain Chemicals and Related Equipment and Technologies in the biological and chemical field; the Regulations of the PRC on the Export Control of Missiles and Missile-Related Items and Technologies in the missile field; and the Regulations of the PRC on the Administration of Arms Export in the arms export field.

中国的出口管制法规广泛采取国际通行的许可证管理制度、最终用户和最终用途证明制度、清单控制方法、全面控制原则等。为降低扩散风险，相关法规还规定，核出口、监控化学品及军品出口只能由政府指定的少数贸易公司专营。所有法规均对违法出口行为规定了具体的处罚措施。

China's legislation on export control widely embraces such international practices as licensing system, end-user and end-use certification, list control and "catch-all" principle. In order to reduce the risk of proliferation, relevant regulations also stipulate that nuclear exports and the export of controlled chemicals and military products can only be handled by a few trading companies designated by the Government. All regulations spell out in detail penalty measures for illegal exports.

上述法规的管制范围与国际通行做法基本保持一致。例如：核领域清单已与“桑戈委员会”、“核供应国集团”的清单完全一致，并将根据“桑戈委员会”及“核供应国集团”清单的变化不断进行相应调整；生化领域清单与“澳大利亚集团”的清单基本一致；导弹领域清单与“导弹及其技术控制制度”的附件基本一致。在出口管制实践中，中国政府的出口管制主管部门还可依法对上述清单外物项和技术的出口实施临时管制。

The scope of control of the aforementioned regulations is basically identical with international practices. For example, in the nuclear field, the control list tallies completely with those of the Zangger Committee and the Nuclear Suppliers Group and will undergo constant adjustments corresponding to changes made to them; in the biological and chemical field, the lists are basically the same as those of the Australia Group; the missile list also conforms by and large with the annex to the MTCR. In real practice, the competent export control departments of the Chinese government may also exercise, on an ad interim basis, export control according to law on items and technologies not on these lists.

此外，《中华人民共和国对外贸易法》、《中华人民共和国海关法》、《中华人民共和国刑法》、《中华人民共和国行政处罚法》、《中华人民共和国货物进出口管理条例》、《中华人民共和国技术进出口管理条例》等，也为中国的防扩散出口管制提供了法律依据。

In addition, the Foreign Trade Law of the PRC, the Customs Law of the PRC, the Criminal Law of the PRC, the Administrative Punishments Law of the PRC, the Regulations of the PRC on the Import and Export Control of Goods and the Regulations of the PRC on the Import and Export Control of Technologies also provide a legal basis for China's non-proliferation export control.

防扩散出口管制机构

Non-Proliferation Export Control Organs

中国的防扩散出口管制涉及诸多政府部门。目前，各部门之间已形成了明确的分工和协调机制。

China's non-proliferation export control involves many of the government's functional departments. So far, a mechanism for a clear division of responsibility and coordination has been established among these departments.

中国的核出口由国防科工委会同其他相关政府部门进行管理。军品出口，其中包括导弹和直接用于导弹的生产设施和关键设备的出口由国防科工委和国防部有关部门会同其他相关政府部门进行管理。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

China's nuclear export comes under the control of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (COSTIND), in coordination with other relevant government departments. Arms export, including the export of missiles, and facilities and key equipment used directly for the production of missiles, is under the control of the COSTIND and the relevant department under the Ministry of National Defense, in coordination with other government departments concerned.

核两用品、生物两用品、有关化学品，以及用于民用目的的导弹相关两用物项和技术的出口，由商务部会同其他相关政府部门进行管理。其中，核两用品、导弹相关两用物项和技术的出口，由商务部会同国防科工委进行审查；与动植物相关的生物两用品和技术的出口，由商务部根据需要会同农业部进行审查；与人相关的生物两用品和技术的出口，由商务部根据需要会同卫生部进行审查；生物两用品的相关设备和技术，以及有关化学品的相关设备和技术的出口，由商务部根据需要会同国家发展和改革委员会进行审查；监控化学品出口由国家发展和改革委员会会同商务部进行审查。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

The export of nuclear dual-use items, dual-use biological agents, certain chemicals, and the missile-related dual-use items and technology for civilian use is under the control of the Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM), in coordination with other government departments concerned. Among them, the export of nuclear dual-use items and missile-related dual-use items and technologies is subject to examination by the MOFCOM, in coordination with the COSTIND. The export of dual-use biological agents and technologies related to animals and plants is subject to examination by the MOFCOM, in coordination with the Ministry of Agriculture if needed. The export of dual-use biological agents and technologies related to humans is subject to examination by the MOFCOM, in coordination with the Ministry of Health if needed. The export of equipment and technologies related to dual-use biological agents and of equipment and technologies related to certain chemicals is subject to examination by the MOFCOM, in coordination with the State Development and Reform Commission if needed. The export of controlled chemicals is subject to examination by the State Development and Reform Commission, in coordination with the MOFCOM.

涉及外交政策的敏感物项及相关设备和技术的出口，由上述主管部门会同外交部进行审查。对国家安全、社会公众利益有重大影响的出口项目，主管部门还将会同其他部门报国务院、中央军事委员会批准。

The export of sensitive items and related equipment and technologies that relate to foreign policy is subject to examination by the above-mentioned competent departments, in coordination with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Where the export items entail significant impact on national security and public interests, the competent departments shall, jointly with other relevant departments, submit the case to the State Council and the Central Military Commission for approval.

海关总署负责上述物项和技术的出口监管工作，并参与相关违法出口案件的调查处理。海关有权对出口经营者出口的货物是否属敏感物项和技术提出质疑，并要求出口经营者按规定向政府主管部门申办出口许可或不属出口管制范围的相关证明。

The General Administration of Customs (GAC) is responsible for supervision and control of the export of the above-mentioned items and technologies, and it also participates in investigating and handling cases of illegal exports. The Customs have the authority to question whether the items from the exporters are sensitive items and technologies, and to request the exporters to follow regulations and apply to competent government departments either for export license or for relevant certificates to show that the exports are not controlled items.

严格执行防扩散出口管制法规

Rigorous Implementation of Laws and Regulations on Non-Proliferation Export Control

中国政府高度重视执法，采取了一系列有效措施，确保出口管制法规的贯彻落实。

The Chinese government attaches great importance to law enforcement and has adopted a series of effective measures to ensure the implementation of laws and regulations on export control.

2002年11月，商务部制定《敏感物项和技术出口经营登记管理办法》。2003年12月，商务部与海关总署联合制定《敏感物项和技术出口许可证暂行管理办法》。上述办法规范了敏感物项和技术的出口经营及许可证的申请、审批、发放、使用和验核工作。2004年1月，商务部和海关总署启动敏感物项和技术出口计算机管理系统，实现了许可证的审批、发证机关与海关监管部门的联网，大幅提高了对敏感物项和技术出口的监督管理能力。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

In November 2002, the MOFCOM formulated th e Measures on the Administration of Export Registration for Sensitive Items and Technologies. In December 2003, the MOFCOM and the GAC jointly formulated the Provisional Measures on the Administration of Export Licenses on Sensitive Items and Technologies. These measures standardized the export of sensitive items and technologies as well as the application, approval, issuance, use and verification of license. In January 2004, the MOFCOM and the GAC jointly launched a computer control system for the export of sensitive items and technologies by connecting within the same network different agencies that approve and issue the license with the supervision branch of the Customs. This has greatly enhanced the capacity to supervise and control the export of sensitive items and technologies.

商务部和海关总署依据核、生物、化学和导弹领域的出口管制清单编制了包括658项物项和技术的《敏感物项和技术出口许可证管理目录》，其中34%已确定海关编码。中国海关还将高科技设备广泛运用在通关监管的各个环节，极大地提高了现场海关的执法能力和检查效率。

Based on control lists for nuclear, biological, chemical and missile exports, the MOFCOM and the GAC jointly compiled the Export Licensing Catalogue of Sensitive Items and Technologies covering 658 items and technologies, of which 34% have had their customs code determined. China's Customs also extensively apply hi-tech equipment in various links in the process of supervision and control of customs clearance, which has significantly upgraded the capacity of on-site law enforcement and efficiency of examination.

有关出口管制主管部门聘请核、生物、化学、导弹领域的专家，建立了“国家出口管制专家支持体系”，以帮助政府主管部门在出口审批过程中对相关物项作出准确、科学的判断。

Relevant competent authorities on export control have set up a "national expert supporting system for export control" that engages experts from nuclear, biological, chemical and missile fields to assist competent authorities in making correct and scientific judgments on relevant items during the process of export examination and approval.

在防扩散出口管制工作中，中国政府坚持执法必严、违法必究。对于涉嫌违法出口敏感物项和技术的个案，政府主管部门均进行认真调查，并依法处理。自2002年底以来，中国政府共查处了违法出口敏感物项和技术的各类案件数十起。主管部门已将涉案企业列入“关注名单”，防止其再次从事此类活动。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

In non-proliferation export control, the Chinese government adheres to the principle of enforcing the law strictly and punishing all offenders. For any suspected case of illegal export of sensitive items and technologies, competent authorities carry out careful investigation and handle it according to law. Since the end of 2002, the Chinese government has dealt with scores of cases of various types concerning illegal export of sensitive items and technologies. Competent authorities have put the companies involved in these cases on a "watch list" so as to prevent the recurrence of similar activities.

2004年5月，中国政府建立了跨部门防扩散出口管制应急协调机制，详细规定了相关出口管制部门在处理紧急防扩散出口管制案件时的职责、分工及处理程序，为迅速、有效处理此类案件提供了机制保障。

In May 2004, the Chinese government established an inter-agency contingency mechanism for export control and spelt out in detail the responsibilities, division of labor and work procedures of relevant export control departments in dealing with emergency cases in this respect. This has provided an institutional safeguard for swift and effective handling of such cases.

加强出口管制法规宣传和企业教育

Publicity for Laws and Regulations on Export Control and Education for Enterprises

中国政府重视对出口管制执法人员，尤其是基层执法人员的教育和培训，以提高其依法实施出口管制的政策水平和能力。有关出口管制法规颁布后，商务部对地方各级商务主管官员进行了全面的政策法规培训。在违法出口案件的多发地区，商务部还不定期举办出口管制政策法规和执法专项培训。2004年5月，海关总署联合有关防扩散出口管制机构对全国海关现场官员进行敏感物项和技术出口的政策法规培训。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

he Chinese government attaches importance to educating and training law enforcement officials for export control, especially those at the grass-roots level, so as to raise their policy awareness and capability to exercise export control according to law. After the release of relevant laws and regulations on export control, the MOFCOM carried out comprehensive training programs on policies, laws and regulations for commerce officials at local levels. In places prone to cases of illegal export, the MOFCOM also holds, on non-regular basis, special training courses on policies, laws and regulations and law-enforcement of export control. In May 2004, the GAC, jointly with relevant organs in charge of non-proliferation export control, conducted training programs for on-site customs officials across the country on policies, laws and regulations with regard to the export control of sensitive items and technologies.

中国政府采取各种措施对企业宣传和普及防扩散法规，提高其知法守法和自律意识。主要措施包括：在政府主管部门网站上全面公布出口管制法规；通过定期举办防扩散政策法规培训班、讲座、发放宣传册等形式向出口企业宣传出口管制政策、法规及出口审批程序，要求企业认真执行，依法经营；设立热线电话，及时为企业答疑解惑；对违法出口企业进行查处并予公布。

The Chinese government has taken various measures to make the legislation on export control known to enterprises, with a view to raising their awareness and self-discipline to abide by the law. Major measures include: to publish the full text of laws and regulations on export control on the web sites of competent government departments; to get export enterprises familiarized, by organizing regular training courses and lectures and distributing pamphlets, with policies, laws and regulations on export control as well as the procedures for export examination and approval to ensure that the enterprises implement them in real earnest and run their business according to law; to set up a hotline to timely clear up doubts or questions from the enterprises; and to investigate and punish illegal exporters and make them public.

中国政府鼓励并指导企业结合自身实际情况，建立健全内部防扩散出口管制机制，落实防扩散工作责任制。一些企业成立了防扩散出口管制办公室，负责宣传国家相关政策法规，制定本企业具体落实措施，监督本企业的科研、生产、经营活动，确保企业遵守国家法规；实行问责制，由企业法人对本企业防扩散工作负责，企业相关部门的管理者和员工签订责任书，履行防扩散义务。中国政府还鼓励企业对外开展出口管制经验交流。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

The Chinese government encourages and guides the enterprises to build their own internal mechanisms for non-proliferation export control and implement accountability for non-proliferation in accordance with their own specific situations. Some enterprises have set up offices for non-proliferation export control to disseminate information of relevant national policies and legislation, draw up specific measures for implementation within the enterprises, and supervise their own scientific research, production and business operations so as to ensure that the enterprises abide by national laws and regulations. They also have in place an accountability mechanism in which the legal person is responsible for non-proliferation work of his/her enterprise while administrative and other personnel in relevant sections sign responsibility pledges and fulfill their non-proliferation obligations accordingly. The Chinese government also encourages enterprises to exchange experiences in export control.

防扩散出口管制是一项长期工作。中国政府将继续不断完善防扩散出口管制法规，加强出口管制执法能力建设，建立健全内部机制，加强法规宣传和对企业的教育培训，为国际防扩散努力作出应有的贡献。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

The non-proliferation export control is a long-term task. The Chinese government will keep on improving its legislation in this regard, enhancing the capacity-building of law enforcement, setting up and optimizing internal mechanisms, and reinforcing publicity of legislation as well as education and training for enterprises, in a bid to make due contributions to the international non-proliferation endeavor.

附　录

Annexes

附录1：中国参加的军控、裁军和防扩散条约

Annex I: List of Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-Proliferation Treaties That China Has Joined  

核领域：

In the Nuclear Field

《拉丁美洲和加勒比禁止核武器条约》第二附加议定书（1973年8月签署，1974年6月交存批准书）

Additional Protocol II to the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (signed in August 1973, the instrument of ratification deposited in June 1974)

《南太平洋无核区条约》第二、第三附加议定书(1987年2月签署，1988年10月交存批准书)

Additional Protocols II and III to the South Pacific Nuclear-Free Zone Treaty (signed in February 1987, the instrument of ratification deposited in October 1988)

《中华人民共和国和国际原子能机构关于在中国实施保障的协定》(1988年9月签署，1989年9月生效)微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

Agreement Between the People's Republic of China and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the Application of Safeguards in China (signed in September 1988, effective since September 1989)

《核材料实物保护公约》（1989年2月加入）

Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (acceded in February 1989)

《禁止在海床洋底及其底土安置核武器和其他大规模杀伤性武器条约》(1991年2月加入)

Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Seabed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil Thereof (acceded in February 1991)

《不扩散核武器条约》(1992年3月加入)

Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (acceded in March 1992)

《核安全公约》(1994年签署，1996年4月批准)

Convention on Nuclear Safety (signed in 1994, ratified in April 1996)

《非洲无核武器区条约》第一、第二议定书（1996年4月签署，1997年10月交存批准书）

Protocols I and II to the African Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty (signed in April 1996, the instrument of ratification deposited in October 1997)

《全面禁止核试验条约》（1996年9月签署）

Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (signed in September 1996)

《中华人民共和国和国际原子能机构关于在中国实施保障的协定的附加议定书》（1998年12月签署，2002年3月生效）

Protocol Additional to the Agreement Between the People's Republic of China and the IAEA for the Application of Safeguards in China (signed in December 1998, entered into force in March 2002)

化学领域：

In the Chemical Field

《关于禁止发展、生产、储存和使用化学武器及销毁此种武器的公约》（1993年1月签署，1997年4月交存批准书）

Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction (signed in January 1993, the instrument of ratification deposited in April 1997)

生物领域：

In the Biological Field

《禁止在战争中使用窒息性、毒性或其他气体和细菌作战方法的议定书》

Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare

《禁止细菌（生物）及毒素武器的发展、生产及储存以及销毁这类武器的公约》（1984年11月加入）

Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction (acceded in November 1984)

常规领域：

In the Conventional Field

《禁止或限制使用某些可被认为具有过分伤害力或滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器公约》及其所附第一、第二、第三号议定书（1981年9月签署，1982年4月交存批准书，2003年6月批准公约第一条修正案，同年8月交存批准书）微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects and Protocols I-III (signed in September 1981, the instrument of ratification deposited in April 1982; the amended Article 1 of the Convention ratified in June 2003, the instrument of ratification deposited in August 2003)

《禁止或限制使用某些可被认为具有过分伤害力或滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器公约》所附的《禁止或限制使用地雷、诱杀装置和其他装置的修正议定书》（修订的第二号议定书）（1998年11月交存批准书）

Amended Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices Annexed to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects (Amended Protocol II) (the instrument of ratification deposited in November 1998)

《禁止或限制使用某些可被认为具有过分伤害力或滥杀滥伤作用的常规武器公约》所附的《关于激光致盲武器的议定书》（第四号议定书）（1998年11月交存批准书）

Protocol on Blinding Laser Weapons Annexed to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects (Protocol IV) (the instrument of ratification deposited in November 1998)

《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》所附的《关于打击非法制造和贩运枪支及其零部件和弹药的补充议定书》（2002年12月签署）

Protocol Against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, Supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crimes (signed in December 2002)

其他：

In Other Fields

《南极条约》（1983年6月加入）

The Antarctic Treaty (acceded in June 1983)

《关于各国探索和利用包括月球和其他天体在内外层空间活动的原则条约》（1983年12月加入）

Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (instrument of accession deposited in December 1983)

《关于登记射入外层空间物体的公约》（1988年12月加入）

Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space (acceded in December 1988)

《禁止为军事或任何其他敌对目的使用改变环境的技术的公约》（2005年6月加入）

Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques (acceded in June 2005)

附录2：中国防扩散出口管制法规

Annex II: Laws and Regulations of China on Non-Proliferation Export Control

核领域：

In the Nuclear Field

《中华人民共和国核出口管制条例》（1997年9月颁布，2001年6月修订）

Regulations of the PRC on the Control of Nuclear Export (promulgated in September 1997, revised in June 2001)

《中华人民共和国核两用品及相关技术出口管制条例》（1998年6月颁布）

Regulations of the PRC on the Control of Nuclear Dual-Use Items and Related Technologies Export (promulgated in June 1998)

《核产品转运及过境运输审批管理办法（试行）》（2000年1月颁布）

Measures on the Administration of Approval for Transfer and Transit of Nuclear Items (For Trial Implementation) (promulgated in January 2000)

生物领域：

In the Biological Field

《中华人民共和国生物两用品及相关设备和技术出口管制条例》（2002年10月颁布）

Regulations of the PRC on the Export Control of Dual-Use Biological Agents and Related Equipment and Technologies (promulgated in October 2002)

化学领域：

In the Chemical Field

《中华人民共和国监控化学品管理条例》（1995年12月颁布）

Regulations of the PRC on the Administration of Controlled Chemicals (promulgated in December 1995)

《各类监控化学品名录》（1996年5月颁布，1998年6月进行补充）

Controlled Chemicals List (promulgated in May 1996, supplemented in June 1998)

《〈中华人民共和国监控化学品管理条例〉实施细则》（1997年3月颁布）

Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Regulations of the PRC on the Administration of Controlled Chemicals (promulgated in March 1997)

《列入第三类监控化学品的新增品种清单》（1998年6月颁布）

List of New Chemicals Controlled in Category 3 (promulgated in June 1998)

《有关化学品及相关设备和技术出口管制办法》（2002年10月颁布）

Measures on the Export Control of Certain Chemicals and Related Equipment and Technologies (promulgated in October 2002)

导弹领域：

In the Missile Field

《中华人民共和国导弹及相关物项和技术出口管制条例》（2002年8月颁布）

Regulations of the PRC on the Export Control of Missiles and Missile-Related Items and Technologies (promulgated in August 2002)

军品出口领域：

In the Arms Export Field

《中华人民共和国军品出口管理条例》（1997年10月颁布、2002年10月修订、2002年11月颁布《军品出口管理清单》）

Regulations of the PRC on the Administration of Arms Export (promulgated in October 1997, amended in October 2002; the Military Products Export Control List promulgated in November 2002)

敏感物项：

Sensitive Items

《敏感物项和技术出口经营登记管理办法》（2002年11月颁布）

Measures on the Administration of Export Registration for Sensitive Items and Technologies (promulgated in November 2002)

《敏感物项和技术出口许可证暂行管理办法》（2003年12月颁布）

Provisional Measures on the Administration of Export Licenses on Sensitive Items and Technologies (promulgated in December 2003)

《敏感物项和技术出口许可证管理目录》（2003年12月颁布）

Export Licensing Catalogue of Sensitive Items and Technologies (promulgated in December 2003)

其他相关法规：

Other Related Laws and Regulations

《中华人民共和国对外贸易法》（1994年5月颁布，2004年4月修订）

Foreign Trade Law of the PRC (promulgated in May 1994, amended in April 2004)

《中华人民共和国行政处罚法》（1996年3月颁布）

Administrative Punishments Law of the PRC (promulgated in March 1996)

《中华人民共和国海关法》（1987年1月颁布，2000年7月修订）

Customs Law of the PRC (promulgated in January 1987, amended in July 2000)

《中华人民共和国刑法》修正案（2001年12月颁布）

Amendments to the Criminal Law of the PRC (promulgated in December 2001)

《中华人民共和国技术进出口管理条例》（2001年12月颁布）

Regulations of the PRC on the Import and Export Control of Technologies (promulgated in December 2001)

《中华人民共和国货物进出口管理条例》（2001年12月颁布）

Regulations of the PRC on the Import and Export Control of Goods (promulgated in December 2001)

附录3：中国与有关国家达成的裁军和建立信任措施协定

Annex III: Agreements on Disarmament and Confidence-Building Measures Between China and Relevant Countries

《关于在中印边境实际控制线地区保持和平与安宁的协定》（1993年9月签署）

Agreement Between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of India on the Maintenance of Peace and Tranquility Along the Line of Actual Control in the China-India Border Areas (signed in September 1993)

《中俄关于预防危险军事活动的协定》（1994年7月签署）

Agreement Between China and Russia on the Prevention of Dangerous Military Activities (signed in July 1994)

《中华人民共和国主席和俄罗斯联邦总统关于互不首先使用核武器和互不将战略核武器瞄准对方的联合声明》（1994年9月签署）

Joint Statement by the President of the People's Republic of China and the President of the Russian Federation on No-First-Use of Nuclear Weapons and Detargeting of Strategic Nuclear Weapons Against Each Other (signed in September 1994)

《中华人民共和国和哈萨克斯坦共和国、吉尔吉斯共和国、俄罗斯联邦、塔吉克斯坦共和国关于在边境地区加强军事领域信任的协定》（1996年4月签署）微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

Agreement on Confidence-Building in the Military Field Along the Border Areas Among China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan (signed in April 1996)

《关于在中印边境实际控制线地区军事领域建立信任措施的协定》（1996年11月签署）

Agreement on Confidence-Building Measures in the Military Field Along the Line of Actual Control in the China-India Border Areas (signed in November 1996)

《中华人民共和国和哈萨克斯坦共和国、吉尔吉斯共和国、俄罗斯联邦、塔吉克斯坦共和国关于在边境地区相互裁减军事力量的协定》（1997年4月签署）

Agreement on the Mutual Reduction of Military Forces in the Border Areas Among China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan (signed in April 1997)

《中美两国国防部关于建立加强海上军事安全磋商机制的协定》（1998年1月签署）

Agreement Between the Ministry of National Defense of the PRC and the Department of Defense of the USA on Establishing a Consultation Mechanism to Strengthen Military Maritime Safety (signed in January 1998)

《南海各方行为宣言》（2002年11月签署）微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

Declaration on the Conduct of the Parties in the South China Sea (signed in November 2002)

《关于在中印边境实际控制线地区军事领域建立信任措施的实施办法的议定书》（2005年4月签署）

Protocol Between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of India on Modalities for the Implementation of Confidence-Building Measures in the Military Field Along the Line of Actual Control in the China-India Border Areas (signed in April 2005)