对于中式英语,我们通常会从思维的角度来论证中英两种语言的差异。不过,从翻译的角度说,中式英语应在很大程度上归属到“世界英语”(global English)的范畴;在做中译英时,以尽可能表达中文的意思为目标,在用词上接近于plain English。当然,如果译者能很好的使用一些地道的词语,译文质量则会更上一层楼!
从语言角度来看,中式英语本身具有强烈的“中文词语英化”的特点,但对于英语母语者来说,这种似是而非的表达,只会造成“失之毫厘,谬以千里”的结果!不过,在这其中,有一些中文词语在英语中是有对应词的,需要译者有更多的英语知识积累,方能察觉并用到!
一、中英文化有相通之处,不同的词语表达同样的意思
有他这颗扫帚星,什么事情都办不成。
【误】With a comet like him, nothing can be accomplished.
【正】With a jinx like him, nothing can be accomplished.
【注】“扫帚星”是中国人对“慧星”(comet)的俗称,因其后面像拖着一条像扫帚一样的长尾巴而得名。在中国古代,“扫帚星”被认为是灾难的预兆,并被用来比喻不吉利的人或事;祸根;person or thing that is thought to bring bad luck(to sb/sth);curse。英语的 comet虽然没有这层含义,但却有一个对应的说法,即 jinx。例:There's a jinx on/Someone's put a jinx on this car: It's always giving me trouble.“这辆汽车不太吉利,总给我找麻烦”。
萝卜青菜,各有所爱。
【误】Some prefer radish but others prefer cabbage.
【正】Tastes differ.
【注】Tastes differ/vary是句英语谚语,除此以外,原句还可翻译成No dish suits all tastes或You can never make everyone happy等。《新概念英语》第三册第23课的标题是:One man's meat is another man's poison,表达的很生动。 总之,应采取意译。
他一向嘴硬,从不认错。
【误】He has always got a hard mouth and never admit a fault.
【正】He never says uncle.
【注】say (cry) uncle: to give up or in; to surrender;to admit defeat。Say uncle主要是男孩们打架时的用语,当一方想制服另一方时,就用命令的口气说:“Say uncle!”这时,有的孩子为了表示不服输,就是不说。后来,say uncle就成了“服输”的代名词,而not say uncle就相当于“嘴硬”了。
老师很喜欢这个嘴甜的小姑娘。
【误】The teacher likes this sweet-mouthed little girl very much.
【正】The teacher likes this honey-lipped little girl very much.
【注】一个人说的话很得人心,招人喜欢,中国人喜欢说这个人“嘴甜”,字面意思自然是sweet-mouthed,不过,honey-lipped更符合英美人的语言习惯。
同学们都很讨厌他,因为他经常拍老师的马屁。
【误】The student all dislike him because he often pats the teacher's ass.
【正】The students all dislike him because he often licks the teacher's boots.
【注】以前在欧洲,臣民见到国王与王后往往要匍匐在地,亲吻他们的靴子。后来,人们将lick the boots引申为“为了某种目的而讨好某人”,它与汉语的“拍马屁”含义一样。在美国英语中,“拍马屁”还有另一种说法,即polish the apple,典出以前的学生用擦亮的苹果来讨好老师。
人都是这山望着那山高,对自己的现状没有满意的时候。
【误】Almost all people think that the other mountain is higher than the one he's standing on. They never feel satisfied with what they've already got.
【正】Almost all people think that the grass is greener on the other hill. They never feel satisfied with what they've already got.
【注】“这山望着那山高”是指人不满足于现状的心理,它在英语中有现成的说法,即 the grass is greener on the other hill(他山的草更绿),因此我们借用即可,这样既方便又更有利于与西方人沟通。
别看别人不把她当回事,在家里她可是父亲的掌上明珠。
【误】Although other people never take her seriously, she is the pearl on her father's hand at home.
【正】Although other people never take her seriously, she is the apple of her father's eye at home.
【注】中英文常用不同的喻体表明相同的喻义,“掌上明珠”与the apple of one's eye就是一个很好的例子。这种情况我们一般应尊重各国文化和习俗,翻译时取目的语的固定说法,而不必直译,这有助于将意思更有效地传达给读者。
The apple of one's eye源自圣经《旧约》,当时人们用apple指人的瞳孔。尽管瞳孔现在已经用pupil来表示,不再是apple了,但这一用法却延续了下来。
都十点钟了。起床了,懒虫!
【误】It's ten o'clock. Get up, lazy worm!
【正】It's ten o'clock. Get up, lazy bones!
【注】“懒虫”并非真是一条虫,只不过被用来形容人很懒惰罢了,即a lazy person。英语里与之对应的说法是lazy bones(懒骨头)。注意,这里的bone应以复数形式出现,也许是因为不会只有一根骨头懒吧!另外,也可以用slugabed来表示同样的意思!
我们俩关系最好,他经常来我这儿蹭饭吃。
【误】We are best friends. He always comes here to have meals for free.
【正】We are best friends. He always comes here to bum meals off me.
【注】第一句只表明“他常到我这儿来白吃白喝”,但朋友这间的那种亲密关系没有体现出来。而 bum sth. off sb.指向非常熟的朋友要一些不起眼的小东西,而朋友也不会介意还不还。
我希望你不要拖我的后腿。
【误】I hope that you won't pull my leg.
【正】I hope that you won't hold me back.
【注】pull one's leg 是“愚弄某人,开某人的玩笑”的意思,相当于make fun of sb.。英语中与“拖后腿”相对应的表达是hold sb. back 或be a drag on sb.等。
告别中式英语,不是一件容易的事
告别中式英语,不是一件容易的事
发布时间:2019-03-13 14:53 作者:高斋翻译学堂 点击:
次
|