对于每天坐高铁上下班的“打工人”来说,通勤压力确实很大,今天我在公众号“高斋外刊双语精读”上给大家分享部分经济学人上的描述。这篇简单,大家可以积累一些表达和句型。
高斋参考译文:许多人表示,城际通勤是为了获得更好的工作,而不是为了提高生活质量。事实上,很多人都表示通勤让人很疲惫,只有“年轻时”才能扛得住。为了促进新开发区域的发展,高铁站往往建在远离现有城市中心的地方,所以从高铁站到工作地点还有很长一段路。这一切给婚姻和家庭带来了不利影响。
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第一句:More of them describe intercity travel as a route to a better job than to a higher quality of life.
许多人表示,城际通勤是为了获得更好的工作,而不是为了提高生活质量。
1. 固定表达:describe sth as的字面意思是“把……描述为……”,可以灵活翻译,表示“某人看来/表示”,如双语完整版:“人人影视字幕组”,凉了 | 经济学人精读中的这句:
For many internet users, this has been a sad moment. On social media they bade farewell to what they described as something irreplaceable: entertainment free of the dead hand of China’s censors, and with far more accurate subtitles than most officially approved content.
对许多用户来说,这真是一个悲伤的时刻。在社交媒体上,他们向自己口中不可替代的东西道了别:人人影视字幕组提供的影视作品没有经过中国审查机构的严苛审查,而且字幕翻译也比大多数官方审查后的影视作品更精准。
2. 固定表达:intercity travel的意思是“城际通勤”。这里travel是名词,表示“长途通勤”。
intercity travel的同义表达有intercity mobility和intercity commuting。“城际通勤族”可以用intercity commuters表示。
这里顺便说下commute作动词和名词的用法:
A. commute作为动词可以表示“上下班往返;通勤”,比如例句:Mike commutes to London every day. 迈克每天都去伦敦上班。
commute的动名词是commuting,如经济学人上这句:China’s high-speed trains enable long-distance commuting. 中国的高铁让长途通勤成为可能。
还比如今天讲的这段的第二句Indeed, many call commuting stressful...也用了commuting。
B. commute作为可数名词可以表示“上下班路程”,比如例句:I have only a short commute to work. 我上班的路程很近。
再比如经济学人在描述城际通勤时也用到了这个词:
As countries such as Japan, France and Spain invested in high-speed trains, travelling at 250kph or more, new pairs of cities found themselves an hour or so apart, allowing for previously unthinkable commutes.
在日本、法国、西班牙等国投资建设时速不下250公里的高铁后,更多城市之间通勤时间只需一小时左右,让之前无法想象的通勤成为了可能。
3. 固定表达:a route to的字面意思是“一条……的路”,引申为“一条……的途径”,可以结合语境灵活翻译,比如经济学人在报道发展中国家致富途径时是这样用的:
Attracting investment in labour-intensive manufacturing has been a route to riches for many developing countries, including China.
包括中国在内的许多发展中国家,在劳动密集型制造业吸引投资是一个致富的方法。
还有CATTI和MTI备考报告中也用到了这个表达:要以发展促和平,打破“贫困引发冲突,冲突破坏发展”的恶性循环。It must prioritize development as a route to peace and break the vicious circle of poverty, conflict and lack of development.
今天这句话直译是“多数人表示城际通勤是获得更好的工作的途径,而不是更高的生活质量的途径”,这样翻不够通顺,所以我们把“……的途径”换一种说法,变成“是为了……”,因此整句话的翻译是“多数人表示城际通勤是为了获得更好的工作,而不是为了提高生活质量”。
4. 固定表达:a higher quality of life可以翻译为“更高的生活质量”或“更好的生活”,放在政工文本中一般指的是“改善民生”,比如工作报告中的这句:
另一个是增加公共产品、公共服务供给,既拉动有效需求,又可以改善民生。
The second focuses on better provision of public goods and services, which in turn contributes to stronger demand and a higher quality of life.
higher living standards也可以表示“更好的生活”,比如金融时报在描述降低贸易壁垒的好处时就用到了这个表达:
Lower trade barriers brought higher living standards, and freer financial markets redefined the global economy.
贸易壁垒的降低,带来了生活水平的提高,而更自由的金融市场重新定义了全球经济。
如果是“过上更好的生活”,可以说live/lead a better life。
另外,与a higher quality of life相对的自然就是a lower quality of life,比如世界卫生组织在描述女性生存状况时这样用:
While life expectancy is higher for women than men in most countries, a number of health and social factors combine to create a lower quality of life for women.
尽管在大多数国家妇女的预期寿命高于男性,但一些卫生和社会因素综合起来导致妇女的生活质量较低。
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第二句:Indeed, many call commuting stressful, and something to do “when they are young”.
事实上,很多人都表示通勤让人很疲惫,只有“年轻时”才能扛得住。
1. 固定表达:call sth +adj.这种结构表示“认为某物/某事如何”,比如美联社例句:University President Teresa Sullivan called the allegations “Shocking”. 校长苏利文认为这样的罪行让人震惊。
如果是call sb/sth +n.的结构,则表示“把……说成;认为……是;将……称为”,如call him a traitor称他是叛徒。
今天这句话中stressful和commuting something to do “when they are young”并列。这样还原应该容易理解了:Indeed, many call commuting stressful, and call commuting something to do “when they are young”.
call commuting something to do “when they are young”是call sth + n.的结构,something to do “when they are young”是一起的,表示“年轻时做的事”。
2. 一词多义:stressful作为形容词有多个含义,这里帮大家分一下类:
A. 表示“有压力的;压力大的”,相当于pressured,比如Elite Daily在描述20岁的人生压力时是这样说的:
It's a stressful, confusing chapter of life between the joyous and beer-infused years of college and actual adulthood.
20多岁的人生有压力,有困惑,你即将从快乐的大学时光迈向成年人的世界。
我们说工作压力大也可以用这个词:The workplace had gotten more stressful than it was just a few decades ago,. 现在工作比几十年前压力大。
B. 表示“紧张而忙碌的;繁重的”,多用于修饰life和job,相当于busy,比如lead stressful lifestyles out of necessity迫于生计不得不过着紧张忙碌的生活;stressful jobs最繁重的工作。
C. 表示“艰难的”,相当于tough,arduous和hard,比如四六级真题中出现的这句:It was a stressful time for all of us. 对我们所有人来说,那是一个艰难的时期。
说到stressful,我们还要回顾一下它对应的名词stress的相关用法,常见的短语有suffer from stress有精神压力,cope with stress应对压力,emotional/mental stress感情/思想负担,stress management压力管理。
stress levels表示“压力水平”,比如China Daily例句:Exercise might also improve mood by reducing stress levels. 运动还能通过降低人们的压力水平,从而提高心情状态。
post-traumatic stress disorder指“创伤后应激障碍”,简称PTSD,如纽约时报双语:家暴问题在全球范围内这么严重?| 外刊精读中的这句:
Women who have experienced violence from a partner are more likely to suffer from depression, anxiety, panic attacks and post-traumatic stress disorder.
曾遭受家暴的病人更可能患上抑郁症、焦虑症、无端恐惧症和创伤后应激障碍。
所以,如果你想表达“西方国家的年轻人承受着越来越大的压力”,就可以像卫报这样说:Young people were increasingly reporting higher stress levels around the western world.
stress也可以作为动词来用,表示强调,同义词有emphasize,underline和underscore,比如外刊例句:Researchers have stressed the importance of connecting education with technology. 研究人员强调了技术与教育结合的重要性。
还有be stressed out,表示“因心理紧张而被压垮的”,同义表达有be worn out,be under too much pressure和be overloaded。形容词是stressed-out,比如经济学人标题就用到了这个词:Stressed-out Chinese love melodrama about courtly life越是压力过大的中国人越喜欢看宫廷剧。
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第三句:To promote newly built districts, high-speed railway stations are often built far from existing city centres, obliging commuters to travel long distances from stations to workplaces.
为了促进新开发区域的发展,高铁站往往建在远离现有城市中心的地方,所以从高铁站到工作地点还有很长一段路。
1. 句子结构分析:这句话的主干部分是high-speed railway stations are often built far from existing city centres,主语是high-speed railway stations,使用被动语态are often built;To promote newly built districts表示目的;obliging commuters to travel long distances from stations to workplaces是现在分词形式作主干的结果状语。
2. newly built表示“新建的”,比如《新英汉大辞典》例句:Row upon row of newly built warehouses line the waterfront. 江岸新建的仓库鳞次栉比。
3. Existing:现有的。我在高斋翻硕班讲过:
"Envisioning future infrastructure from scratch is far easier and more cost efficient than retrofitting an existing urban fabric,' Grady Gammage, a spokesman for the venture said in the statement. (18年西外MTI翻硕真题讲解英译汉)
该投资集团发言人格雷迪·甘米奇(Grady Gammage)在声明中表示:“与改造现有城市结构相比,打造一个全新社区会更为容易,也更具成本效益。”
4. travel long distances是一起的,表示走很长路或乘坐某交通工具得很长时间。如worldbank上这句:Many teachers live outside the local community and must travel long distances to teach. 许多教师来自他乡,并且需要长途跋涉来上课。
5. 一词多义:oblige作为动词有多个意思和用法,这里给大家分类讲解:
A. oblige有“责任,义务”的意思。be obliged to do sth表示“应该做某事”,比如:Banks should be obliged in return to help reinvigorate the real economy. 作为回报,银行应承担起帮助重振实体经济的义务。
名词是obligation,表示家庭责任,家庭义务。如高斋外刊精读翻译班中就有讲:Family obligations often lead women to choose to work part-time. 女性往往会因为家庭责任而选择从事兼职工作。
B. be obliged to do sth表示强迫/迫使干某事,如The President was obliged to concede power to the army. 总统被迫把权力让给军队。
C. oblige也有“(根据要求或需要)帮忙,效劳”的意思,比如《牛津词典》例句:Call me if you need any help—I'd be happy to oblige. 若有需要,尽管给我打电话。我很乐意帮忙。
今天这里是B层意思,表示被迫,迫使,不得不。obliging commuters to travel long distances from stations to workplaces是oblige sb to do sth的用法,我们知道高铁站一般在郊区,所以下了高铁,还有很长一段路才能到上班的地方。
obliging commuters to travel long distances from stations to workplaces这个字面意思是迫使通勤者从高铁站到工作地点……,这样翻译不通顺,可以换个说法,即所以从高铁站到工作地点还有很长一段路。
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第四句:All this exacts a toll on marriages and families.
这一切给婚姻和家庭带来了不利影响。
1. 固定表达:exacts a toll on表示“带来不利影响;造成不良后果(也就是付出代价)”的意思,exact可以替换为take。比如外媒在报道不合理的“996”制度时是这样用的:The relentless nature of the work culture now seems to be taking a toll on tech workers powering the sector. 如今看来残酷的工作文化给辛苦贡献的技术人员带来了痛苦。
经济学人在表达“高昂物价使生活水准大打折扣”时是这么说的:
But despite 15 years of deflation, Japan's punishingly high prices still take a toll on its residents' standard of living.
尽管日本连续15年出现通货紧缩,其高昂的物价仍然使居民的生活水准大打折扣。
如果在toll前面加上一个heavy来修饰,也就是take a heavy toll,意思就变成了“带来严重影响;带来沉重打击;使遭受重创”,比如经济学人的这句:In Italy and America, where the pandemic has taken a heavier toll, interest from foreign tourists has weakened significantly more.
类似的还有固定表达take a battering和take a hit。注意区别:take a heavy toll on sth是指“对……产生严重影响/打击”,而sth take a battering/ take a hit/ be hit hard by/ be badly affected by都表示sth受到严重影响/打击。
比如经济学人说“报纸业遭受重创”时用到了take a battering:The newspaper industry is taking a battering.
在描述疫情使澳大利亚和日本的原油和股票受到重创时,卫报用到了take a hit:As businesses in China remain shuttered and travel bans mount, crude oil and shares in Australia and Japan also take a hit.
经济学人原文:More of them describe intercity travel as a route to a better job than to a higher quality of life. Indeed, many call commuting stressful, and something to do “when they are young”. To promote newly built districts, high-speed railway stations are often built far from existing city centres, obliging commuters to travel long distances from stations to workplaces. All this exacts a toll on marriages and families.
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