张培基散文翻译：《故都的秋》-山东大学MTI翻硕真题汉译英
秋天是收获的季节，认真备考MTI的你们应该已经看到了努力的成效，距离考研不到两个月了，大家可一定要坚持下去哦~
Joy有话说：
今天公主号“高斋翻硕”Joy和Vicky（西外翻硕毕业）给大家分享山东大学2016年MTI考研真题，郁达夫《故都的秋》张培基英译解析，时间有限，只和大家分享详细的3句解析，剩余的只列出单词。
原文：
秋天，无论在什么地方的秋天，总是好的；可是啊，北国的秋，却特别地来得清，来得静，来得悲凉。我的不远千里，要从杭州赶上青岛，更要从青岛赶上北平来的理由，也不过想尝一尝这“秋”，这故都的秋味。
江南，秋当然也是有的，但草木凋得慢，空气来得润，天的颜色显得淡，并且又时常多雨而少风；一个人夹在苏州上海杭州，或厦门香港广州的市民中间，混混沌沌地过去，只能感到一点点清凉，秋的味，秋的色，秋的意境与姿态，总看不饱，尝不透，赏玩不到十足。秋并不是名花，也并不是美酒，那一种半开、半醉的状态，在领略秋的过程上，是不合适的。
在北平即使不出门去吧，就是在皇城人海之中，租人家一椽破屋来住着，早晨起来，泡一碗浓茶，向院子一坐，你也能看得到很高很高的碧绿的天色，听得到青天下驯鸽的飞声。
张培基译文：
Autumn, wherever it is, always has something to recommend itself. In North China, however, it is particularly limpid, serene and melancholy. To enjoy its atmosphere to the full in the onetime capital, I have, therefore, made light of travelling a long distance from Hanghou to Qingdao, and thence to Peiping.
There is of course autumn in the South too, but over there plants wither slowly, the air is moist, the sky pallid, and it is more often rainy than windy. While muddling along all by myself among the urban dwellers of Suzhou, Shanghai, Xianmen, Hong Kong or Guangzhou, I feel nothing but a little chill in the air, without ever relishing to my heart’s content the flavour, colour, mood and style of the season. Unlike famous flowers which are most attractive when half opening, good wine which is most tempting when one is half drunk, autumn, however, is best appreciated in its entirety.
Suppose you put up in a humble rented house inside the bustling imperial city, you can, on getting up at dawn, sit in your courtyard sipping a cup of strong tea, leisurely watch the high azure skies and listen to pigeons circling overhead.
Autumn is always pleasant no matter where it is. But autumn in the North is especially clear, especially serene, especially pathetic in its coolness. It was for no other purpose than to savour this “autumn” to the full, the taste of autumn in the old capital, that I went to the trouble of journeying a thousand li, from Hangzhou to Qingdao, and thence to Beiping.
01
第一句：秋天，无论在什么地方的秋天，总是好的；
Autumn, wherever it is, always has something to recommend itself.
1. wherever指的是在任何地方，例如：
Some people enjoy themselves wherever they are.
有些人能够随遇而安。
wherever it is在句子之间做插入语，也可以说no matter where it is。
2. wherever it is无论在哪，it指的就是“秋天”，英语不喜欢重复，用it代替。
3. “总是好的”这几个词看着简单，翻译的时候不好处理。
今天这里是先解读，即“总有值得自己推荐的东西”，所以翻译为has something to recommend itself。
也可以解读为“秋天总是令人愉悦的/气候宜人/吸引人的”，所以也可以翻译为pleasant/pleasing。
综上，这句话也可以说：
Autumn, wherever it is, is always pleasant.
Autumn, wherever it is, is always pleasing.
02
第二句：可是啊，北国的秋，却特别地来得清，来得静，来得悲凉。
In North China, however, it is particularly limpid, serene and melancholy.
1. however 一般居于句中，前后都要加逗号，这样的结构营造了文学色彩。
2. “北国”并不是真的“国家”，如四川大学MTI真题里面考过佛国Buddhist land；
这里指的是“中国华北地区”，主要指的是北京的秋天，所以翻译为In North China，in 类似的。
3. Limpid清澈；透明的，例如：
The limpid lake is like a mirror.
湖面同明镜一样清澈。
这里也可以说clear。
4. serene 平静的；宁静的；安详的。例如：
The sound was so serene that it seemed unearthly.
那种声音听起来是那么宁静，仿佛天外之音。
5. Melancholy（令人）悲哀的；（令人）沮丧的。例如：
The melancholy song died away.
哀婉的歌声渐渐消失了。
这里也可以说sombre，pathetic。
03
第三句：我的不远千里，要从杭州赶上青岛，更要从青岛赶上北平来的理由，也不过想尝一尝这“秋”，这故都的秋味。
To enjoy its atmosphere to the full in the onetime capital, I have, therefore, made light of travelling a long distance from Hanghou to Qingdao, and thence to Peiping.
1. 汉语意合，英语形合。汉语这句话比较散，译者将“不远千里从杭州赶上青岛，更要从青岛赶上北平”作为主要成分，“也不过想尝一尝这“秋”，这故都的秋味”作为目的状语。
2. 注意虚实。汉语里面说“不远千里”、“不远万里”都是不怕很远走了很远的路，其中“千里和万里”并不是正的“一千里”、“一万里”。
这里翻译为made light of travelling a long distance from，其中made light of 就是意思是“不怕远走了很远”。
也可以说I went to the trouble of traveling a long distance，其中 went to the trouble of表示不辞辛劳干某事。
traveling a long distance也可以说traveling thousands of miles。
不过有时候也见翻译为接近实的，比如美国前第一夫人米歇尔北大演讲提到：
读万卷书，不如行万里路。
It is better to travel ten thousand miles than to read ten thousand books.
3. 原文“这‘秋’，这故都的秋味”重复了两遍就是为了强调，英语不喜欢重复，翻译为its atmosphere to the full。
it指的是Autumn；
to the full意思是“尽量；在最大程度上；充分地；彻底地”，例如：
He was a guy who enjoyed life to the full.
他是个尽情享受生活的人。
当然，你也可以重复，怎么翻译就看你的水平了。
4. 故都in the onetime capital：onetime指的是“曾经的；以前的；从前的；一度的”，例如：
She's 87 years old, and a one-time member of the Ziegfeld Follies.
她现年87岁，曾经是齐格菲尔时事讽刺剧团的成员之一。
Onetime也可以说old。
5. 尝一尝enjoy，也可以说 savour。例如：
I wanted to savour every moment.
我要细心品味，一刻也不错过。
所以，这句话也可以翻译为：
To savour the taste of autumn to the full in the old capital, I went to the trouble of traveling a long distance.
04
第四句：江南，秋当然也是有的，但草木凋得慢，空气来得润，天的颜色显得淡，并且又时常多雨而少风；
There is of course autumn in the South too, but over there plants wither slowly, the air is moist, the sky pallid, and it is more often rainy than windy.
1. Pallid 暗淡的；微弱的；乏味的。
2. Moist 微湿的；湿润的，例如：
Grasses were moist with dew.
草被露水沾湿了。
3. 多雨而少风 more often rainy than windy，也可以说 There is more rain and less wind.
原来的译文是more...than...的一种特殊用法，表示有/多……而/少……，相当于more sth and less sth。
例如：
He is more brave than wise.
他有勇无谋。
05
第五句：一个人夹在苏州上海杭州，或厦门香港广州的市民中间，混混沌沌地过去，只能感到一点点清凉，秋的味，秋的色，秋的意境与姿态，总看不饱，尝不透，赏玩不到十足。
While muddling along all by myself among the urban dwellers of Suzhou, Shanghai, Xianmen, Hong Kong or Guangzhou, I feel nothing but a little chill in the air, without ever relishing to my heart’s content the flavour, colour, mood and style of the season.
1. muddle along 得过且过，例如，I muddle along from day to day. 我是混一天算一天。
2. Chill 寒冷；寒意；凉意；着凉；受寒；害怕的感觉，例如：
It's spring but there's still a chill in the air.
初春季节仍有寒意。
3. Relish 享受；从…获得乐趣；渴望；喜欢
4. to my heart's content心满意足
06
第六句：秋并不是名花，也并不是美酒，那一种半开、半醉的状态，在领略秋的过程上，是不合适的。
Unlike famous flowers which are most attractive when half opening, good wine which is most tempting when one is half drunk, autumn, however, is best appreciated in its entirety.
1. 这句话译者将原文进行了句式重组，“Unlike famous flowers which are most attractive when half opening, good wine which is most tempting when >意思是“不像名花一样半开的时候最诱人，不像好酒一样半醉的时候最诱人”。
2. tempting 吸引人的；诱人的；有吸引力的。例如：
That cake looks very tempting.
那蛋糕的样子让人嘴馋。
3. in its entirety 从总体上而言；作为一个整体，例如：
Listening to it in its entirety is also fairly unrewarding.
07
第七句：在北平即使不出门去吧，就是在皇城人海之中，租人家一椽破屋来住着，早晨起来，泡一碗浓茶，向院子一坐，你也能看得到很高很高的碧绿的天色，听得到青天下驯鸽的飞声。
Suppose you put up in a humble rented house inside the bustling imperial city, you can, on getting up at dawn, sit in your courtyard sipping a cup of strong tea, leisurely watch the high azure skies and listen to pigeons circling overhead.
1. Humble这里指的是“粗陋的；简陋的；不起眼的”比如，humble house简陋的房子
2. Bustling 热闹；繁华；熙熙攘攘的；繁忙；熙熙攘攘，例如a bustling city熙熙攘攘的城市
3. strong tea 浓茶，例如：
Strong coffee or tea late at night may cause sleeplessness.
深夜喝浓咖啡或浓茶可能会导致失眠。
