（最终版已划重点）2023年政府工作报告双语对照

政府工作报告

REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT

——2023年3月5日在第十四届全国人民代表大会第一次会议上

Delivered at the First Session of the 14th National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China on March 5, 2023

国务院总理 李克强

Li Keqiang

Premier of the State Council

各位代表：

Fellow Deputies,

本届政府任期即将结束。现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告工作，请予审议，并请全国政协委员提出意见。

The term of this government is about to come to a close. On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval and also for comments from members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).

一、 过去一年和五年工作回顾

1. A Review of Our Work in 2022 and over the Past Five Years

2022年是党和国家历史上极为重要的一年。党的二十大胜利召开，描绘了全面建设社会主义现代化国家的宏伟蓝图。面对风高浪急的国际环境和艰巨繁重的国内改革发展稳定任务，以习近平同志为核心的党中央团结带领全国各族人民迎难而上，全面落实疫情要防住、经济要稳住、发展要安全的要求，加大宏观调控力度，实现了经济平稳运行、发展质量稳步提升、社会大局保持稳定，我国发展取得来之极为不易的新成就。

The year 2022 was a year of great importance in the history of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and our country. The Party successfully convened its 20th National Congress, during which it drew up an inspiring blueprint for building China into a modern socialist country in all respects. In the face of high winds and choppy waters in the international environment and challenging tasks in promoting reform, development, and stability at home, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core brought together the Chinese people of all ethnic groups and led them in meeting difficulties head-on. We acted on the requirements of responding effectively to Covid-19, maintaining economic stability, and ensuring security in development, and intensified macro regulation. As a result, we stabilized the economy, steadily enhanced development quality, and maintained overall social stability, securing new and hard-won achievements in China’s development.

过去一年，我国经济发展遇到疫情等国内外多重超预期因素冲击。在党中央坚强领导下，我们高效统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展，根据病毒变化和防疫形势，优化调整疫情防控措施。面对经济新的下行压力，果断应对、及时调控，动用近年储备的政策工具，靠前实施既定政策举措，坚定不移推进供给侧结构性改革，出台实施稳经济一揽子政策和接续措施，部署稳住经济大盘工作，加强对地方落实政策的督导服务，支持各地挖掘政策潜力，支持经济大省勇挑大梁，突出稳增长稳就业稳物价，推动经济企稳回升。全年国内生产总值增长3％，城镇新增就业1206万人，年末城镇调查失业率降到5.5％，居民消费价格上涨2％。货物进出口总额增长7.7％。财政赤字率控制在2.8％，中央财政收支符合预算、支出略有结余。国际收支保持平衡，人民币汇率在全球主要货币中表现相对稳健.粮食产量1.37万亿斤，增产74亿斤。生态环境质量持续改善。在攻坚克难中稳住了经济大盘，在复杂多变的环境中基本完成全年发展主要目标任务，我国经济展现出坚强韧性。

Over the past year, China’s economy was impacted by Covid-19 and other domestic and international factors beyond our expectations. However, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee, we carried out Covid-19 response and pursued economic and social development in an effective and well-coordinated way; and we improved and adjusted response measures in view of virus variations and the evolving dynamics of epidemic prevention and control.

Confronted with new downward pressure on the economy, we acted decisively and made timely adjustments. We made use of the policy tools kept in reserve over recent years, proactively adopted predetermined policies, and remained firm in advancing supply-side structural reform. We unveiled and implemented a full range of policies and follow-up measures to stabilize the economy.

We formulated plans for the task of ensuring overall economic stability. We stepped up supervision and support to ensure policy implementation by local governments and assisted them in fully leveraging the potential of policies, and supported major economically developed provinces in shouldering greater responsibility. We gave priority to ensuring stable growth, employment, and prices, thus bringing about a steady economic recovery.

Gross domestic product (GDP) of the year grew by 3 percent. A total of 12.06 million urban jobs were added, with the year-end surveyed urban unemployment rate falling to 5.5 percent. The consumer price index (CPI) rose by 2 percent. The total volume of trade in goods rose by 7.7 percent. The deficit-to-GDP ratio was kept at 2.8 percent, and central government revenue and expenditure were in line with budget projections, with expenditure slightly lower than the budgeted figure. A basic equilibrium was maintained in the balance of payments, and the RMB exchange rate remained stable relative to other major global currencies. Grain output reached 685 million metric tons, an increase of 3.7 million metric tons. The environment continued to improve.

Overcoming great difficulties and challenges, we succeeded in maintaining overall stable economic performance. Amid a complex and fluid environment, we were able to generally accomplish the main targets and tasks for the year. Such achievements are a testament to the tremendous resilience of China’s economy.

针对企业生产经营困难加剧，加大纾困支持力度。受疫情等因素冲击，不少企业和个体工商户遇到特殊困难。全年增值税留抵退税超过2.4万亿元，新增减税降费超过1万亿元，缓税缓费7500多亿元。为有力支持减税降费政策落实，中央对地方转移支付大幅增加。引导金融机构增加信贷投放，降低融资成本，新发放企业贷款平均利率降至有统计以来最低水平，对普惠小微贷款阶段性减息。用改革办法激发市场活力。量大面广的中小微企业和个体工商户普遍受益。

We stepped up relief support to enterprises facing growing difficulties in operation and production. Impacted by Covid-19 and other factors, many enterprises and self-employed individuals experienced acute distress. Last year, value-added tax (VAT) credit refunds exceeded 2.4 trillion yuan, newly implemented tax and fee cuts amounted to more than 1 trillion yuan, and postponements were introduced for tax and fee payments of over 750 billion yuan. To ensure implementation of tax and fee reduction policies, the central government significantly increased transfer payments to local governments.

We provided guidance to financial institutions on increasing credit supply and lowering financing costs. Average interest rates on new enterprise loans fell to the lowest level on record, and time-limited cuts were made to interest rates on inclusive loans to micro and small businesses. We injected fresh vitality into the market through reform. Many micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and self-employed individuals in various sectors have benefited as a result.

针对有效需求不足的突出矛盾，多措并举扩投资促消费稳外贸。去年终端消费直接受到冲击，投资也受到影响。提前实施部分“十四五”规划重大工程项目，加快地方政府专项债券发行使用，依法盘活用好专项债务结存限额，分两期投放政策性开发性金融工具7400亿元，为重大项目建设补充资本金。运用专项再贷款、财政贴息等政策，支持重点领域设备更新改造。采取联合办公、地方承诺等办法，提高项目审批效率。全年基础设施、制造业投资分别增长9.4％、9.1％，带动固定资产投资增长5.1％，一定程度弥补了消费收缩缺口。发展消费新业态新模式，采取减免车辆购置税等措施促进汽车消费，新能源汽车销量增长93.4％，开展绿色智能家电、绿色建材下乡，社会消费品零售总额保持基本稳定。出台金融支持措施，支持刚性和改善性住房需求，扎实推进保交楼稳民生工作。帮助外贸企业解决原材料、用工、物流等难题，提升港口集疏运效率，及时回应和解决外资企业关切，货物进出口好于预期，实际使用外资稳定增长。

To address lack of effective demand, we adopted a combination of measures to expand investment, stimulate consumption, and stabilize foreign trade.

Consumer spending was hit hard last year, and investment also suffered. In response, we launched several major projects set out in the 14th Five-Year Plan ahead of schedule, expedited the processes of issuing and utilizing local government special-purpose bonds, made better use of carryover quotas for special-purpose bonds in accordance with the law, and issued development and policy-backed financial instruments in two batches totaling 740 billion yuan to replenish the capital for major projects.

We used targeted re-lending, loan interest subsidies, and other policies to support key sectors in upgrading equipment. To speed up project screening, different government departments established joint offices and a commitment-based approval system was adopted for local governments.

In 2022, investments in infrastructure and the manufacturing sector increased by 9.4 percent and 9.1 percent respectively, while fixed-asset investment increased by 5.1 percent. This has, to some degree, offset the contraction in consumption. We fostered new modes and new forms of consumer spending and adopted measures including reductions and exemptions on vehicle purchase tax to boost spending on automobiles. As a result, sales of new-energy vehicles surged by 93.4 percent.

Initiatives were launched to stimulate spending on green and smart home appliances and green building materials in rural areas. Thanks to these efforts, we kept total retail sales of consumer products generally stable.

We adopted financial measures to meet people’s demand for buying their first home or improving their housing situation and took concrete steps to ensure that overdue housing projects were completed and delivered to meet people’s basic living needs.

We assisted foreign trade enterprises in tackling difficulties relating to raw materials, labor, and logistics, improved loading, unloading and transport efficiency in ports, and responded promptly to the concerns of foreign-funded enterprises and helped resolve their problems. The volume of trade in goods exceeded expectations, and utilized foreign investment increased steadily.

针对就业压力凸显，强化稳岗扩就业政策支持。去年城镇调查失业率一度明显攀升。财税、金融、投资等政策更加注重稳就业。对困难行业企业社保费实施缓缴，大幅提高失业保险基金稳岗返还比例，增加稳岗扩岗补助。落实担保贷款、租金减免等创业支持政策。突出做好高校毕业生就业工作，开展就业困难人员专项帮扶。在重点工程建设中推广以工代赈。脱贫人口务工规模超过3200万人、实现稳中有增。就业形势总体保持稳定。

In response to significant employment pressure, we boosted policy support to stabilize and increase employment. Last year, the surveyed urban unemployment rate saw a notable increase for some time. Therefore, we put a stronger emphasis on ensuring stable employment when implementing fiscal, tax, financial, and investment policies. We postponed the payment of social insurance premiums by enterprises in distressed sectors, significantly increased the proportion of unemployment insurance funds returned to enterprises to keep payrolls stable, and raised subsidies for stabilizing and increasing employment. To support business startups, we implemented policies on guaranteed loans and on reducing or waiving the rent for state-owned premises.

We made college graduates employment a priority and provided targeted assistance to people who had difficulty finding employment. Work-relief programs in major projects were expanded. More than 32 million people were lifted out of poverty with new employment, maintaining a steady increase. Thanks to these efforts, overall employment remained stable.

针对全球通胀高企带来的影响，以粮食和能源为重点做好保供稳价。去年全球通胀达到40多年来新高，国内价格稳定面临较大压力。有效应对洪涝、干旱等严重自然灾害，不误农时抢抓粮食播种和收获，督促和协调农机通行，保障农事活动有序开展，分三批向种粮农民发放农资补贴，保障粮食丰收和重要农产品稳定供给。发挥煤炭主体能源作用，增加煤炭先进产能，加大对发电供热企业支持力度，保障能源正常供应。在全球高通胀的背景下，我国物价保持较低水平，尤为难得。

In the face of a global surge in inflation, we strived to ensure market supply and stable prices, particularly those of food and energy. Last year, global inflation rocketed to a 40-year high, exerting great pressure on domestic price stability.

We responded effectively to major natural disasters such as floods and droughts. To see that no time was lost during the planting and harvest seasons, we worked to ensure unrestricted movement of agricultural machines on public roads and saw that farming was free from disruptions.

We issued agricultural supply subsidies to grain growers in three installments. All this helped ensure good grain harvests and stable supplies of major agricultural products.

We leveraged the role of coal as a major source of energy, increased advanced coal production capacity and stepped up support for power plants and heat-supply enterprises to ensure energy supplies. Despite high global inflation, we have kept overall prices at a comparatively low level, which is truly remarkable.

针对部分群众生活困难增多，强化基本民生保障。阶段性扩大低保等社会保障政策覆盖面，将更多困难群体纳入保障范围。延续实施失业保险保障扩围政策，共向1000多万失业人员发放失业保险待遇。向更多低收入群众发放价格补贴，约6700万人受益。免除经济困难高校毕业生2022年国家助学贷款利息并允许延期还本。做好因疫因灾遇困群众临时救助工作，切实兜住民生底线。

To assist people experiencing increased difficulties in their lives, we bolstered support to ensure their basic living needs. We took time-limited measures to expand the scope of subsistence allowances and other social security policies to cover more groups in difficulty. Continuing the policy on expanding unemployment insurance coverage, we provided unemployment benefits to over 10 million people in total. We also provided price subsidies for more people on low incomes, benefiting about 67 million in all.

We waived interest payments on government-subsidized student loans to college graduates with financial difficulties and granted extensions on the principal repayments for these loans. We provided emergency assistance to people hit hard by the epidemic or natural disasters, thus ensuring that the basic living needs of all our people were met.

与此同时，我们全面落实中央经济工作会议部署，按照十三届全国人大五次会议批准的政府工作报告安排，统筹推进经济社会各领域工作。经过艰苦努力，当前消费需求、市场流通、工业生产、企业预期等明显向好，经济增长正在企稳向上，我国经济有巨大潜力和发展动力。

We also fully implemented the plans set forth at the Central Conference on Economic Work and in the Report on the Work of the Government approved at the Fifth Session of the 13th National People’s Congress (NPC), and made coordinated advances in all fields of economic and social development.

Thanks to our dedicated work, consumer demand, market distribution, industrial production, and business expectations have all markedly improved. China’s economy is staging a steady recovery and demonstrating vast potential and momentum for further growth.

各位代表!

Fellow Deputies,

过去五年极不寻常、极不平凡。在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，我们经受了世界变局加快演变、新冠疫情冲击、国内经济下行等多重考验，如期打赢脱贫攻坚战，如期全面建成小康社会，实现第一个百年奋斗目标，开启向第二个百年奋斗目标进军新征程。各地区各部门坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，深刻领悟“两个确立的决定性意义，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到两个维护”，全面贯彻党的十九大和十九届历次全会精神，深入贯彻党的二十大精神，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念，构建新发展格局，推动高质量发展，统筹发展和安全，我国经济社会发展取得举世瞩目的重大成就。

The past five years have been truly momentous and remarkable. Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, we have met numerous tests, including accelerated changes on the international landscape, the Covid-19 pandemic, and a domestic economic slowdown. 

We both won the critical battle against poverty and finished building a moderately prosperous society in all respects as scheduled, thus attaining the First Centenary Goal and embarking on a new journey to realize the Second Centenary Goal.

All localities and government departments followed the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era; gained a deep understanding of the decisive significance of establishing Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and establishing the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era; enhanced their consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership; stayed confident in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics; upheld Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and upheld the Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership; and fully acted on the guiding principles from the 19th CPC National Congress and the plenary sessions of the 19th Party Central Committee and thoroughly implemented the guiding principles from the Party’s 20th National Congress.

We stayed true to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability. We fully and faithfully applied the new development philosophy on all fronts, worked to create a new pattern of development, promoted high-quality development, and ensured both development and security. As a result, we have made major achievements in economic and social development, which garnered recognition around the world.

——经济发展再上新台阶。国内生产总值增加到121万亿元，五年年均增长5.2％，十年增加近70万亿元、年均增长6.2％，在高基数基础上实现了中高速增长、迈向高质量发展。财政收入增加到20.4万亿元。粮食产量连年稳定在1.3万亿斤以上。工业增加值突破40万亿元。城镇新增就业年均1270多万人。外汇储备稳定在3万亿美元以上。我国经济实力明显提升。

-Economic strength reached new heights.

China’s GDP increased to 121 trillion yuan, registering an annual growth rate of 5.2 percent over the past five years. Over the past decade, GDP has increased by almost 70 trillion yuan at an annual rate of 6.2 percent. We have achieved a medium-high rate of economic growth given our large economic aggregate and transitioned to high-quality development. Government revenue increased to 20.4 trillion yuan. Annual grain output remained steady at over 650 million metric tons for many consecutive years. The total value-added of industry exceeded the 40-trillion-yuan mark, and average yearly urban jobs growth hit more than 12.7 million. Foreign exchange reserves remained stable at over US$3 trillion. These figures show that China’s economic strength has increased significantly.

——脱贫攻坚任务胜利完成。经过八年持续努力，近1亿农村贫困人口实现脱贫，全国832个贫困县全部摘帽，960多万贫困人口实现易地搬迁，历史性地解决了绝对贫困问题。

- The critical fight against poverty was won. 

Thanks to eight years of continued efforts, close to 100 million poor rural residents and a total of 832 impoverished counties were lifted from poverty, including more than 9.6 million poverty-stricken people relocated from inhospitable areas. We have thus, once and for all, resolved the problem of absolute poverty in China.

——科技创新成果丰硕。构建新型举国体制，组建国家实验室，分批推进全国重点实验室重组。一些关键核心技术攻关取得新突破，载人航天、探月探火、深海深地探测、超级计算机、卫星导航、量子信息、核电技术、大飞机制造、人工智能等领域创新成果不断涌现。全社会研发经费投入强度从2.1％提高到2.5％以上，科技进步贡献率提高到60％以上，创新支撑发展能力不断增强。

-Fruitful gains were made in scientific and technological innovation. 

We established a new system for mobilizing resources nationwide to make key technological breakthroughs, opened a number of national laboratories, and reorganized key national laboratories in several batches.

Breakthroughs were made in core technologies in key fields, and a stream of innovations emerged in areas such as manned spaceflight, lunar and Martian exploration, deep sea and deep earth probes, supercomputers, satellite navigation, quantum information, nuclear power technology, airliner manufacturing, artificial intelligence, and biomedicine.

As spending on R&D increased from 2.1 percent to over 2.5 percent of GDP, the contribution of scientific and technological progress to economic growth exceeded 60 percent. The capacity of innovation to sustain development was enhanced continuously.

——经济结构进一步优化。高技术制造业、装备制造业增加值年均分别增长10.6％、7.9％，数字经济不断壮大，新产业新业态新模式增加值占国内生产总值的比重达到17％以上。区域协调发展战略、区域重大战略深入实施。常住人口城镇化率从60.2％提高到65.2％，乡村振兴战略全面实施。经济发展新动能加快成长。

-The economic structure was further improved. 

The value-added of high-tech manufacturing and of equipment manufacturing increased by an annual average of 10.6 percent and 7.9 percent respectively. China’s digital economy continued to grow in strength. The value-added of new industries and new business forms and models accounted for over 17 percent of GDP. We fully implemented the coordinated regional development strategy and major regional development strategies. The share of permanent urban residents in the total population rose from 60.2 percent to 65.2 percent. The rural revitalization strategy was implemented across the board. New drivers of growth developed at a much faster pace.

——基础设施更加完善。一批防汛抗旱、引水调水等重大水利工程开工建设。高速铁路运营里程从2.5万公里增加到4.2万公里，高速公路里程从13.6万公里增加到17.7万公里。新建改建农村公路125万公里。新增机场容量4亿人次。发电装机容量增长40％以上。所有地级市实现千兆光网覆盖，所有行政村实现通宽带。

-Infrastructure was further upgraded. 

Work began on the construction of major water conservancy projects such as those against floods and droughts and those for water diversion. The length of in-service high-speed railways increased from 25,000 kilometers to 42,000 kilometers, and the expressway network expanded from 136,000 kilometers to 177,000 kilometers. In rural areas, 1.25 million kilometers of road were newly built or upgraded. The passenger handling capacity of airports increased by 400 million. Installed power capacity increased by more than 40 percent. Gigabit fiber optic internet services covered all prefecture-level cities, and broadband internet was installed in every administrative village in China.

——改革开放持续深化。全面深化改革开放推动构建新发展格局，供给侧结构性改革深入实施，简政放权、放管结合、优化服务改革不断深化，营商环境明显改善。共建“一带一路”扎实推进。推动区域全面经济伙伴关系协定(RCEP)生效实施，建成全球最大自由贸易区。货物进出口总额年均增长8.6％，突破40万亿元、连续多年居世界首位，吸引外资和对外投资居世界前列。

-Reform and opening up were deepened. 

We deepened reform and opening up across the board in an effort to create a new pattern of development. We further promoted supply-side structural reform and reforms to streamline government administration, delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services. Thanks to these endeavors, a notable improvement has been made in the business environment.

Joint efforts to advance the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) made solid headway. China played its part for the entry into force of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement, which has created the world’s largest free trade zone. China’s total volume of trade in goods exceeded 40 trillion yuan, registering an annual growth rate of 8.6 percent. It has thus been the top global trader for many years running. China is now both a major destination for foreign investment and a leading global outbound investor.

——生态环境明显改善。单位国内生产总值能耗下降8.1％、二氧化碳排放下降14.1％。地级及以上城市细颗粒物(PM2.5)平均浓度下降27.5％，重污染天数下降超过五成，全国地表水优良水体比例由67.9％上升到87.9％。设立首批国家公园，建立各级各类自然保护地9000多处。美丽中国建设迈出重大步伐。

-The quality of the eco-environment improved significantly. 

Energy consumption per unit of GDP dropped by 8.1 percent, and carbon dioxide emissions fell by 14.1 percent. In cities at and above the prefecture level, the average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) dropped by 27.5 percent and the number of days with heavy air pollution fell by over 50 percent. The proportion of surface water bodies of good quality increased from 67.9 percent to 87.9 percent.

China’s first five national parks were established, and over 9,000 nature reserves spanning all categories and levels were established. We have made significant strides in building a Beautiful China.

——人民生活水平不断提高。居民收入增长与经济增长基本同步。居民消费价格年均上涨2.1％。新增劳动力平均受教育年限从13.5年提高到14年。基本养老保险参保人数增加1.4亿、覆盖10.5亿人，基本医保水平稳步提高。多年累计改造棚户区住房4200多万套，上亿人出棚进楼、实现安居。

-Living standards rose steadily. 

Personal income grew generally in step with economic growth, with national per capita disposable income increasing by 5.1 percent annually. The CPI rose at an annual rate of 2.1 percent. The average length of schooling for new entrants to the workforce rose from 13.5 years to 14 years. Basic old-age insurance now covers 1.05 billion people, an increase of 140 million over the past five years. Basic medical insurance saw steady improvement. Over the past decade, we have rebuilt more than 42 million housing units in run-down urban areas, and over 100 million people have moved into new apartments.

经过多年精心筹办，成功举办了简约、安全、精彩的北京冬奥会、冬残奥会，为促进奥林匹克运动发展、促进世界人民团结友谊作出重要贡献。

After many years of meticulous preparation, we successfully presented the world with streamlined, safe, and splendid 2022 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games, which made a major contribution to boosting the popularity of winter sports in China and to promoting the Olympic movement as well as solidarity and friendship among the peoples of all countries.