双语：关于全球治理变革和建设的中国方案
关于全球治理变革和建设的中国方案英文版
关于全球治理变革和建设的中国方案
Proposal of the People’s Republic of China on the Reform and Development of Global Governance
当前，世界之变、时代之变、历史之变正以前所未有的方式展开，和平赤字、发展赤字、安全赤字、治理赤字不断加重，人类前途命运再次来到何去何从的十字路口。同时，世界多极化、经济全球化持续演进，和平、发展、合作、共赢的时代潮流不可阻挡，讲团结、促合作、求进步仍然是人心所向。
Today, changes in the world, in our times and in history are unfolding in ways like never before. The deficits in peace, development, security and governance are growing. Humanity is once again at a crossroads, and facing a consequential choice on its future. Meanwhile, world multi-polarity and economic globalization keep evolving. Peace, development and win-win cooperation are the unstoppable trends of the times. Solidarity, cooperation and progress remain the aspiration of people around the world.
今年是习近平主席提出构建人类命运共同体理念十周年。面对世界百年未有之大变局，习近平主席立足中国，胸怀世界，创造性提出构建人类命运共同体理念，为世界未来发展指明方向，为应对共同挑战提供方案。十年来，构建人类命运共同体从理念转化为行动，从愿景转变为现实。中国呼吁国际社会践行真正的多边主义，维护以联合国为核心的国际体系，支持联合国在国际事务中发挥核心作用，推动全球治理体系发展完善，共同构建人类命运共同体。
This year marks the 10th anniversary of President Xi Jinping’s proposal on building a community with a shared future for mankind. Facing global changes unseen in a century, and keeping in mind both China’s realities and global developments, President Xi Jinping has creatively put forth the vision of building a community with a shared future for mankind. This proposal has pointed the way forward for the future development of the world and provided a solution for common challenges. Over the past decade, the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind has grown from an idea to action and a vision to reality. China calls on the international community to act on true multilateralism, uphold the international system with the United Nations at its core, support the U.N. in playing a central role in international affairs, further develop and improve the global governance system, and jointly build a community with a shared future for mankind.
一、加强全球安全治理，维护世界和平稳定
I. Enhancing global security governance and safeguarding world peace and stability
安全是人类最基本需求，也是最重要的国际公共产品。当前，热点问题频发，地缘冲突加剧，单边霸凌肆虐，国际社会需要和平而非战争、信任而非猜疑、团结而非分裂、合作而非对抗。中国欢迎联合国秘书长古特雷斯提出“新和平纲领”，愿同各方就此深入沟通，凝聚共识。
Security is humanity’s most basic need and the most important global public good. As the world faces frequently emerging hotspot issues, rising geopolitical conflicts, and rampant unilateral and bullying practices, the international community needs peace, trust, solidarity and cooperation, rather than war, suspicion, division or confrontation. China welcomes the New Agenda for Peace presented by Secretary General António Guterres, and is ready to have further discussions and build consensus with all parties.
习近平主席提出全球安全倡议，倡导坚持共同、综合、合作、可持续的安全观，坚持尊重各国主权、领土完整，坚持遵守联合国宪章宗旨和原则，坚持重视各国合理安全关切，坚持通过对话协商以和平方式解决国家间的分歧与争端，坚持统筹维护传统领域和非传统领域安全，共同构建人类安全共同体。
President Xi Jinping has put forward the Global Security Initiative (GSI). It advocates a commitment to the vision of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security; a commitment to respecting the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries; a commitment to abiding by the purposes and principles of the U.N. Charter; a commitment to taking the legitimate security concerns of all countries seriously; a commitment to peacefully resolving differences and disputes between countries through dialogue and consultation; and a commitment to maintaining security in both traditional and non-traditional domains, with a view to jointly promoting a global community of security for all.
中国坚定支持政治解决乌克兰危机。各国主权、领土完整都应得到维护，联合国宪章宗旨和原则都应得到遵守，各方合理安全关切都应得到重视，一切有利于和平解决危机的努力都应得到支持。危机根源在于欧洲安全治理出了问题，只有当事方正视问题症结，停止转移矛盾，通过积累互信、兼顾彼此合理安全关切，才能逐步为止战和谈创造条件。冲突战争没有赢家，制裁打压、火上浇油只会激化局势。必须坚持相互尊重，摒弃冷战思维，不搞团团伙伙，放弃阵营对抗，推动构建均衡、有效、可持续的欧洲安全架构。
China firmly supports a political settlement of the Ukraine crisis. The sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries should be upheld, the purposes and principles of the U.N. Charter observed, and the legitimate security concerns of all sides taken seriously. All efforts conducive to a peaceful settlement of the crisis should be supported. The root cause of the crisis lies in the problem of security governance in Europe. Parties concerned must face the crux of the issue squarely, stop shifting problems, build mutual trust and accommodate each other’s legitimate security concerns, so as to gradually create conditions for ceasefire and peace talks. No one gains from conflicts and wars. Imposing sanctions, exerting pressure, or adding fuel to the fire will only escalate the situation. It is important to maintain mutual respect, abandon the Cold War mentality, stop ganging up to stoke camp-based confrontation, and work to build a balanced, effective and sustainable European security architecture.
中国主张维护朝鲜半岛和平稳定，实现半岛无核化、建立半岛和平机制，通过对话协商解决问题，均衡解决各方合理关切。当前形势下，有关方应保持冷静克制，努力推动局势缓和，为重启对话付出努力和创造条件，而不是执迷于制裁施压，激化矛盾，加剧紧张。中国一直积极劝和促谈，愿同国际社会一道，按照“双轨并进”思路和分阶段、同步走原则，为推动半岛问题政治解决进程发挥建设性作用。
China maintains that it is important to preserve peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula, achieve denuclearization and establish a peace mechanism on the Peninsula. The issue needs to be resolved through dialogue and consultation, and the legitimate concerns of all sides addressed in a balanced manner. Given the current situation, parties concerned need to remain calm and restrained, work to ease the situation and make efforts to create conditions for the resumption of dialogue, rather than insisting on sanctions and pressuring, which would only aggravate problems and escalate tensions. China has been actively promoting peace and talks, and will continue to work with the international community to follow the dual-track approach and take phased and synchronized steps, and to play a constructive role in the political settlement of the Peninsula issue.
中国呼吁国际社会尊重阿富汗独立、主权、领土完整，坚持“阿人主导、阿人所有”原则，并在此基础上同阿保持接触对话，持续向阿提供人道和发展援助，支持阿融入地区互联互通和经济一体化进程，增强自主和可持续发展能力，正面引导和推动阿富汗包容建政、稳健施政、坚决反恐、对外友好。有关国家应切实从阿富汗变局中汲取教训，放弃在反恐问题上搞“双重标准”，无条件归还阿海外资产，解除对阿单边制裁，以实际行动履行对阿重建发展的责任。
China calls on the international community to respect the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Afghanistan, follow the “Afghan-led, Afghan-owned” principle, and maintain engagement and dialogue with Afghanistan on that basis. The international community needs to continue its humanitarian and development assistance for Afghanistan, support Afghanistan in integrating into the connectivity and economic integration process in the region to enhance its capability for independent and sustainable development, and encourage Afghanistan to put in place an inclusive political framework, adopt moderate policies, combat terrorism and develop friendly external relations. Certain country needs to draw lessons from what happened in Afghanistan, abandon double standard on combating terrorism, unconditionally return to Afghanistan its overseas assets, lift unilateral sanctions on Afghanistan, and take concrete actions to fulfill responsibilities to the reconstruction and development of Afghanistan.
中国坚定支持巴勒斯坦人民恢复民族合法权利的正义事业。解决巴勒斯坦问题的根本出路在于建立以1967年边界为基础、以东耶路撒冷为首都、享有完全主权的独立的巴勒斯坦国。国际社会应该加大对巴勒斯坦发展援助和人道主义帮扶,保障巴勒斯坦经济民生需求。要坚持和谈正确方向，尊重耶路撒冷宗教圣地历史上形成的现状，摒弃过激和挑衅言行，推动召开更大规模、更具权威、更有影响的国际和平会议，为重启和谈创造条件，为帮助巴勒斯坦和以色列两国和平共处作出切实努力。中方愿为巴方实现内部和解、推动和谈发挥积极作用。
China firmly supports the Palestinian people’s just cause of restoring their legitimate national rights. The fundamental solution to the Palestinian question is to establish an independent state of Palestine that enjoys full sovereignty on the basis of the 1967 border and with east Jerusalem as its capital. The international community needs to step up development assistance and humanitarian aid to Palestine, and help meet Palestine’s economic and livelihood needs. It is important to keep to the right direction of peace talks, respect the historical status quo of the holy sites in Jerusalem, refrain from making radical and provocative comments and moves, promote the hosting of an international peace conference with wider participation, higher authority and greater influence, create conditions for the resumption of peace talks, and make concrete efforts to help the two states of Palestine and Israel to coexist peacefully. China will play an active role in facilitating Palestine’s internal reconciliation and peace talks.
中国主张政治解决伊朗核、叙利亚、苏丹、利比亚、也门等地区热点问题，支持中东地区国家独立自主探索发展道路，团结协作解决地区安全问题，维护地区长治久安。中国支持非洲国家以非洲方式解决非洲问题，推动非洲大陆恢复和平稳定，支持非洲国家和人民自主选择的现代化道路。支持非洲在国际事务中以一个声音说话，不断提升国际地位。中国将同非方深化团结协作，共同落实“支持非洲工业化倡议”、“中国助力非洲农业现代化计划”和“中非人才培养合作计划”，助力非洲一体化和现代化事业步入快车道。中国坚决反对个别国家对他国滥用单边制裁和“长臂管辖”，为发展中国家发展经济和改善民生创造条件。
China believes that regional hotspots such as the Iranian nuclear issue and the issues of Syria, Sudan, Libya and Yemen need to be resolved through political means. China supports Middle East countries in independently exploring development paths, resolving regional security issues through solidarity and coordination, and maintaining lasting peace and security in the region. China supports African countries in solving African issues in the African way to restore peace and stability on the African continent, supports African countries and people in independently choosing their paths to modernization, and supports Africa in speaking with one voice on international affairs and continuously elevating its international standing. China will enhance solidarity and coordination with the African side, and jointly implement the Initiative on Supporting Africa’s Industrialization, the Plan for China Supporting Africa’s Agricultural Modernization and the Plan for China-Africa Cooperation on Talent Development, to help Africa bring its integration and modernization onto a fast track. China firmly opposes certain country’s wanton use of unilateral sanctions and long-arm jurisdiction, and believes that conditions should be created for the developing countries to grow their economy and improve the people’s well-being.
中国强烈谴责一切形式的恐怖主义和极端主义，反对将恐怖主义、极端主义与特定国家、民族、宗教挂钩，反对在反恐问题上采取“双重标准”，反对将反恐问题政治化、工具化。反恐应坚持综合施策、标本兼治，从源头消除恐怖主义滋生土壤。中国支持联合国发挥中心协调作用，帮助发展中国家提升反恐能力建设，推动国际反恐形成更大合力，并着力应对新兴技术带来的挑战。
China strongly condemns all forms of terrorism and extremism. China opposes associating terrorism and extremism with any particular country, ethnic group or religion, opposes double standard on counter-terrorism, and opposes politicizing or instrumentalizing the issue of counter-terrorism. It is important to take a holistic approach and address both the symptoms and root causes in fighting terrorism, so as to eradicate the breeding ground of terrorism at the source. China supports the U.N. in playing a central and coordinating role to help developing countries build capacity for fighting terrorism, form greater synergy worldwide against terrorism, and address the challenges brought by emerging technologies.
核武器用不得、核战争打不得，国际社会应共同反对使用或威胁使用核武器。中国支持在五核国领导人关于防止核战争的联合声明基础上，为减少战略风险进一步作出努力。应遵循“维护全球战略稳定”和“各国安全不受减损”原则循序渐进推进核裁军，拥有最大核武库的国家应切实履行核裁军特殊、优先责任，继续有效执行《新削减战略武器条约》，以可核查、不可逆和有法律约束力的方式进一步大幅、实质削减核武库，为最终实现全面、彻底核裁军创造条件。《不扩散核武器条约》是国际核裁军与核不扩散体系的基石，是战后国际安全体系的重要组成部分，对促进世界和平与发展的作用不可替代。国际社会应平衡推进条约三大支柱，共同维护条约权威性、有效性和普遍性。
Nuclear weapons must not be used and nuclear wars must never be fought. The international community should jointly oppose the threat or use of nuclear weapons. China supports greater efforts to reduce strategic risks based on the joint statement by the leaders of the five nuclear-weapon states on preventing nuclear war. Nuclear disarmament should be advanced in a step-by-step manner under the principles of “maintaining global strategic stability” and “undiminished security for all.” Countries with the largest nuclear arsenals should earnestly fulfill their special and primary responsibilities in nuclear disarmament, continue to effectively implement the New START Treaty, and make further substantial and substantive cuts to their nuclear arsenals in a verifiable, irreversible and legally binding manner, so as to create conditions for achieving the ultimate goal of general and complete nuclear disarmament. The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) is the bedrock of international nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation regime, and an important part of the post-war international security system. It plays an irreplaceable role in promoting world peace and development. The international community should advance the three pillars of the NPT in a balanced way and jointly safeguard the treaty’s authority, effectiveness and universality.
中国高度重视核安全，提出“理性、协调、并进”的核安全观，努力打造全球核安全命运共同体。核安全是核能发展和核技术应用的生命线，核能和平利用不能以牺牲自然环境和人类健康为代价。日本政府应全面回应国际社会对福岛核污染水排海问题的重大关切，履行应尽的道义责任和国际法义务，停止核污染水排海行动，以真诚态度同周边邻国充分沟通，接受严格国际监督，确保核污染水以科学、安全、透明的方式得到处置。
China pays great attention to nuclear security. It has proposed a rational, coordinated, and balanced approach to nuclear security and worked actively for a global community of shared future on nuclear security. Nuclear security is a lifeline in the development of nuclear energy and application of nuclear technology. Peaceful uses of nuclear energy should not be pursued at the expense of the environment and human health. The Japanese government should respond fully to the international community’s major concerns on the discharge of nuclear-contaminated water from Fukushima, shoulder its moral responsibilities and obligations under international law, and stop discharging the nuclear-contaminated water. The Japanese government needs to show sincerity and have full communication with neighboring countries, accept strict international oversight, and ensure that the contaminated water is disposed of in a science-based, safe and transparent manner.
中国致力于维护《禁止化学武器公约》权威性和有效性，实现无化武世界的目标，敦促日本加快日遗化武销毁进程，坚持以《禁止化学武器公约》为准绳妥善处理化武热点问题，反对政治化，积极推动化学领域和平利用国际合作。
China is committed to upholding the authority and effectiveness of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction (CWC) and to achieving the goal of a world free of chemical weapons. China urges Japan to speed up the destruction of abandoned chemical weapons in China. China upholds the CWC as a guideline for properly settling hotspot issues concerning chemical weapons, opposes politicization, and promotes international cooperation on peaceful uses of chemistry.
二、完善全球发展治理，共谋全球可持续发展
II. Improving global development governance and jointly pursuing global sustainable development
发展是人类社会的永恒追求，也是世界各国的共同责任。习近平主席提出全球发展倡议，呼吁国际社会增进团结互信，坚持发展优先，携手应对挑战，为推动联合国2030年可持续发展议程重回正轨注入动力。
Development is the eternal pursuit of mankind and the shared responsibility of all countries. President Xi Jinping has proposed the Global Development Initiative (GDI) and called on the international community to strengthen unity and mutual trust, put development first, and address challenges together, thus boosting efforts to bring the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development back on track.
中国将以落实全球发展倡议为引领，推动国际社会巩固扩大发展共识，将发展始终置于国际议程中心位置。加强全球、区域、次区域、国别层面发展战略对接，包括积极推动倡议同联合国发展领域进程形成合力，实现优势互补、联动发展。进一步调动各国政府、工商界、学术界、民间社会的发展资源，促进全球发展资源合理配置，深化倡议重点领域务实合作，同各方一道充实倡议开放式项目库。中国呼吁发达国家兑现在官方发展援助、气候融资等方面承诺，改进全球发展资源不平衡的局面，注重发展知识分享，为广大发展中国家提供能力建设支持。
With the implementation of the GDI as a main focus, China will push for international efforts to consolidate and expand consensus on development and keep development front and center on the global agenda. China will pursue greater synergy of development strategies at the global, regional, subregional and national levels, including synergy between the GDI and the U.N. development agenda, to achieve complementarity and interconnected development. More will be done to harness the development resources of governments, the business community, the academia and civil societies, improve the allocation of global development resources, deepen practical cooperation in the priority areas of the GDI, and work with all sides to enrich the open-ended pool of GDI projects. China calls on developed countries to deliver on their commitments on official development assistance and climate financing, address the uneven distribution of global development resources, pay attention to development knowledge sharing, and provide capacity-building support to developing countries.
今年是习近平主席提出“一带一路”倡议十周年。十年来，中国大力弘扬以和平合作、开放包容、互学互鉴、互利共赢为核心的丝路精神，以互联互通为主线，促进政策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅通、资金融通、民心相通，实现各国共同发展繁荣。今年10月，中国将举办第三届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛，愿以此为契机，推动共建“一带一路”实现更高合作水平、更高投入效益、更高供给质量、更高发展韧性，同各方深化各领域交流合作，推进共建“一带一路”同2030年可持续发展议程有效对接、协同增效，为推动全球发展事业作出更大贡献。
This year marks the 10th anniversary of President Xi Jinping’s proposal of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Over the past decade, China has championed the Silk Road spirit of peace and cooperation, openness and inclusiveness, mutual learning, and mutual benefit, and focused on enhancing policy, infrastructure, trade, financial and people-to-people connectivity, with a view to delivering development and prosperity to all countries. In October this year, China will host the third Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation. That will be an opportunity for China to push for higher-level cooperation, better cost-effectiveness, higher-quality supply, and stronger development resilience in Belt and Road cooperation and work with all parties to deepen exchange and cooperation across the board, enhance the complementarity and synergy between the BRI and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and make greater contributions to global development.
中国支持推动经济全球化朝着更加开放、包容、普惠、平衡、共赢的方向发展。国际社会要坚持以开放为导向，坚持多边主义，坚定维护自由贸易和多边贸易体制，反对单边主义和保护主义，促进互联互通，鼓励融合发展；坚持以平等为基础，尊重各国的社会制度和发展道路，推动全球经济治理体系更加公正合理；坚持以合作为动力，坚持共商共建共享，促进合作共赢。
China supports efforts to make economic globalization more open, inclusive, balanced and beneficial to all. The international community needs to stick to opening up as the overall direction, uphold multilateralism, firmly safeguard free trade and the multilateral trading system, oppose unilateralism and protectionism, promote connectivity, and encourage integrated development; stick to equality as the basis, respect the social systems and development paths of different countries, and make the global economic governance system more just and equitable; and stick to cooperation as a driving force, pursue extensive consultation and joint contribution for shared benefits, and promote mutually beneficial cooperation.
粮食安全事关人类生存之本，是落实2030年可持续发展议程的重要内容。中国支持联合国机构发挥专业优势和协调作用，动员国际社会特别是发达国家加大援助力度，缓解有关国家人民的燃眉之急。国际社会要加强合作，共同建立公平合理、持续稳定的农业贸易秩序，避免将粮食安全问题政治化、武器化。要加强对发展中国家特别是最脆弱国家的支持，帮助他们切实提升粮食安全保障水平。
Food security is essential for human survival. It is an important part of the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. China supports U.N. agencies in leveraging their professional expertise and coordinating role to mobilize scaled up assistance from the international community, developed countries in particular, to meet the pressing needs of people in relevant countries. The international community needs to step up cooperation to establish a fair, equitable, sustainable and stable order for agricultural trade, and avoid politicizing and weaponizing food security issues. Greater support should be given to developing countries, especially the most vulnerable countries, to help them enhance capacity for food security.
中国支持走绿色低碳发展之路。推进能源公正转型，应充分尊重各国不同国情和能力，传统能源的逐步退出应建立在新能源安全可靠的替代基础上。当前全球能源安全面临严峻挑战，根源不是生产和需求问题，而是供应链出了问题，国际合作受到干扰。中国坚决反对将能源问题政治化、工具化、武器化，各国应共同努力畅通供应链，维护能源市场和价格稳定，实现人人获得可负担得起、可靠和可持续现代能源目标。
China supports the pursuit of green and low-carbon development. In the course of a just energy transition, the different national realities and capabilities of countries should be fully respected, and traditional energy should be phased out on the basis of ensuring safe and reliable alternative energy sources. The grave challenges of energy security are essentially caused by disruption in supply chain and international cooperation, not by production or demand. China firmly opposes attempts to politicize, instrumentalize and weaponize energy issues. Countries should work together to ensure smooth supply chains, stabilize the energy market and prices, and strive for the goal of ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all.
中国高度重视应对气候变化，主张各国应在多边框架下合力应对这一迫在眉睫的全球性挑战。应坚持《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《巴黎协定》的目标、原则及制度安排，特别是共同但有区别的责任原则。发达国家应正视其历史责任，率先行动大幅减排，并切实兑现对发展中国家的资金、技术和能力建设支持。中国愿同国际社会一道，推动《巴黎协定》全面有效实施，携手共建公平合理、合作共赢的全球气候治理体系。
China attaches great importance to addressing climate change and maintains that countries should work in concert within multilateral frameworks to tackle this pressing global challenge. It is important to stick to the objectives, principles and institutional arrangements outlined in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Paris Agreement, especially the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities. Developed countries should face their historical responsibilities squarely, take the lead in significantly reducing emissions, and deliver on their commitments of financial, technical and capacity-building support to developing countries. China will work with the rest of the international community to push for the full and effective implementation of the Paris Agreement and to foster a fair, equitable, cooperative and win-win system of global climate governance.
三、推进全球人权和社会治理，共促文明交流进步
Ⅲ. Advancing global human rights and social governance and jointly promoting civilizational exchange and progress
不同文明之间平等交流、互学互鉴，将为人类破解时代难题、实现共同发展提供强大精神指引。习近平主席提出全球文明倡议，着眼推动不同文明交流互鉴、增进各国人民相知相亲、凝聚国际社会合作共识、促进人类文明发展进步，为推动人类社会现代化进程、推动构建人类命运共同体注入强大动力。
Equal-footed exchange and mutual learning between different civilizations will provide robust spiritual guidance for humanity in resolving the challenges of our times and realizing common development. In proposing the Global Civilization Initiative (GCI), President Xi Jinping aims to promote the exchange and mutual learning between civilizations, enhance mutual understanding and friendship between people of all countries, build international consensus for cooperation and advance the progress of human civilizations. This has injected strong impetus to the modernization of human society and building a community with a shared future for mankind.
要尊重世界文明多样性，坚持文明平等、互鉴、对话、包容，以文明交流超越文明隔阂、文明互鉴超越文明冲突、文明包容超越文明优越。要共同弘扬和平、发展、公平、正义、民主、自由的全人类共同价值，反对将价值观和模式强加于人，反对搞意识形态对抗。要重视文明传承和创新，充分挖掘各国历史文化的时代价值，推动各国优秀传统文化在现代化进程中实现创造性转化、创新性发展。
We need to respect the diversity of civilizations, uphold the principles of equality, mutual learning, dialogue and inclusiveness among civilizations, and let cultural exchange transcend estrangement, mutual learning transcend clashes, and coexistence transcend feelings of superiority. We need to jointly advocate humanity’s common values of peace, development, equity, justice, democracy and freedom, reject imposing values and models on others, and oppose stoking ideological confrontation. We need to attach importance to the inheritance and innovation of civilizations, fully harness the relevance of histories and cultures to the present times, and push for creative transformation and innovative development of all fine traditional cultures in the process of modernization.
实现人人享有人权，是人类社会的共同追求。人民幸福生活是最大的人权。各国发展人权事业应坚持以人民为中心，将实现人民对美好生活的向往作为出发点和落脚点，不断解决好人民最关心最直接最现实的利益问题，让人民过上幸福生活。要保障人民民主权利，充分发挥人民的积极性、主动性、创造性，让人民真正当家作主，平等共享人权，成为人权事业发展的主要参与者、促进者、受益者。
Human rights for all is the shared pursuit of humanity. People’s happiness is the biggest human right. In advancing human rights, countries should put the people front and center, make the people’s aspirations for a better life their starting point and ultimate goal, and keep making efforts to resolve the most practical problems that are of the greatest and most direct concern to the people, so that people can lead a good life. We must safeguard people’s democratic rights, fully inspire their motivation, initiative and creativity, and ensure that the people run the country, enjoy human rights equally, and become the chief participants, promoters and beneficiaries in human rights advancement.
促进和保护人权没有放之四海而皆准的模式，各国自主选择的人权发展道路必须得到尊重。人权是历史的、具体的、现实的。各国历史文化传统、社会制度、经济社会发展水平存在差异，选择的人权发展道路必然不同。各国应将人权普遍性原则同本国实际结合起来，从本国国情和人民要求出发推动人权事业发展。不能把人权问题政治化、工具化，搞双重标准，更不能以人权为借口干涉别国内政、围堵遏制别国发展。
There is no one-size-fits-all model for promoting and protecting human rights. All countries’ independent choice of their own path of human rights development should be respected. Human rights have historical, specific and practical contexts. Countries vary from one another in historical background, cultural heritage, social systems and levels of socio-economic development. Their paths of human rights advancement can have inevitable differences. They need to combine the principle of universality of human rights and their national conditions and advance human rights in light of national realities and the needs of their people. Human rights issues should not be politicized or used as a tool, double standard should be rejected, and still less should human rights be used as an excuse to interfere in other countries’ internal affairs or encircle and contain other countries as they pursue development.
人权的内涵是全面的、丰富的，各类人权同等重要，应统筹兼顾、系统推进。生存权、发展权是首要的基本人权，经济、社会、文化权利必须得到足够重视。种族歧视、宗教仇恨、单边强制措施对人权影响等长期存在的问题应尽快得到切实解决，数字科技、人工智能与人权等新问题应得到关注和妥善应对。
Human rights is an all-encompassing, rich concept. All aspects of human rights are equally important and should be advanced in a coordinated and systematic way. Among them the rights to subsistence and development are the basic human rights of paramount importance, and economic, social and cultural rights should be accorded enough attention. Long-standing issues, such as racial discrimination, religious hatred and the negative impact of unilateral coercive measures on human rights should be effectively addressed as soon as possible. Emerging issues including digital technology and artificial intelligence in relation to human rights should receive due attention and be addressed properly.
促进和保护人权需要国际社会共同努力。应以安全守护人权，尊重各国主权和领土完整，同走和平发展道路，践行全球安全倡议，为实现人权创造安宁的环境。应以发展促进人权，践行全球发展倡议，提高发展的包容性、普惠性和可持续性，做到发展为了人民，发展依靠人民，发展成果由人民共享。应以合作推进人权，践行全球文明倡议，在相互尊重、相互包容、平等相待基础上开展人权交流合作，相互借鉴，凝聚共识，共同推动人权文明发展进步。
Promoting and protecting human rights requires concerted effort of the international community. Human rights should be safeguarded through enhancing security. It is important to respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries, jointly follow a path of peaceful development, implement the GSI and create a peaceful environment for the realization of human rights. Human rights should be advanced through development. It is important to implement the GDI, make development more inclusive, universally beneficial and sustainable, and make sure that development is for the people and by the people, and that its fruits are shared among the people. Human rights should be facilitated through cooperation. It is important to implement the GCI, engage in human rights exchange and cooperation on the basis of mutual respect, inclusiveness and equality, learn from each other, build consensus and jointly pursue human rights progress.
人权理事会等联合国人权机构应成为对话合作的平台，不是对抗施压的场所。联合国人权机构应恪守联合国宪章宗旨和原则，秉持公正、客观、非选择性、非政治化原则，同会员国开展建设性对话与合作，尊重各国主权，在授权范围内客观公正履职。发展中国家在联合国人权机构人员代表性不足的状况应尽快得到改变。应通过纪念《世界人权宣言》75周年进一步推动国际人权对话与合作，促进国际人权事业健康发展。
The Human Rights Council and other U.N. human rights bodies should be platforms for dialogue and cooperation, not places for confrontation and pressuring. The U.N. human rights bodies should adhere to the purposes and principles of the U.N. Charter, uphold the principles of impartiality, objectivity, non-selectivity and non-politicization, conduct constructive dialogue and cooperation with Member States, respect the sovereignty of all countries, and perform within their mandate in an objective and impartial manner. The underrepresentation of developing countries in the staff composition of the U.N. human rights bodies should be changed as soon as possible. International human rights dialogue and cooperation should be further promoted through commemorating the 75th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights for the healthy development of the global human rights cause.
推动妇女和儿童事业发展是社会治理的重要方面。国际社会要继续大力推进落实《北京宣言》和《行动纲领》，把保障妇女、儿童权益置于重要位置。要制定完善国家妇女儿童发展战略，采取综合措施确保妇女、儿童享有各项发展成果，实现妇女儿童事业和经济社会同步发展。要支持联合国发挥领导协调作用，加强全球妇女儿童事业国际合作。
Promoting the cause of women and children is an important aspect of social governance. The international community needs to keep working hard to implement the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, and put the protection of the rights and interests of women and children high on their agenda. National strategies for the development of women and children should be formulated and improved, comprehensive measures taken to ensure that women and children enjoy the various benefits of development, and the development of women and children kept in step with socio-economic progress. We should support the U.N. in its leading and coordinating role and strengthen international cooperation on the cause of women and children.
教育是推动人类文明进步的重要力量。中国愿同世界各国加强教育交流，扩大教育对外开放，积极支持发展中国家教育事业发展。呼吁世界各国加大教育投入，推动教育更加公平、包容、安全。支持联合国在实现教育可持续发展目标方面发挥重要作用，以教育改革发展促进全球和平与可持续发展，助力实现教育机会均等、教育成果普惠，努力实现2030年可持续发展教育目标。
Education is an important force for the progress of human civilization. China stands ready to work with countries around the world for more educational exchange, enhance openness in education and actively support other developing countries in advancing education. We call on all countries to step up input in education and enhance its equity, inclusiveness and safety. We support the U.N.’s important role in realizing the sustainable development goal on education, the efforts to promote global peace and sustainable development through reform and development of education, and contribute to realizing equality in education opportunities and universal benefits of educational advancement, to realize the SDG on education in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
四、开拓全球新疆域治理，完善未来治理格局
Ⅳ. Developing global governance of new frontiers and building a governance framework for the future
科技进步和发展丰富了国际和平与安全的内涵和外延，深海、极地、外空、网络和数字、人工智能等成为全球治理新疆域。面对新形势新领域新挑战，要秉持和平、发展、普惠、共治原则，积极推动新疆域治理规则与时俱进，充分反映发展中国家意见、利益和诉求。充分保障发展中国家的参与权、话语权和决策权。
The progress and development of science and technology has enriched the denotations and connotations of the concepts of international peace and security. The deep sea, polar regions, outer space, cyberspace and digital technology, and artificial intelligence (AI) have become new frontiers of global governance. Faced with the new circumstances, new areas and new challenges, we need to follow the principles of peace, development, inclusiveness and shared governance, and take active steps to keep the rules governing new frontiers up to date with the times and fully reflective of developing countries’ opinions, interests and aspirations. The rights to participation, stating their views, and decision-making of developing countries should be fully safeguarded.
科技成果应该造福全人类，而不应该成为限制、遏制其他国家发展的手段。少数国家不得将霸权思维渗透到新疆域治理中，泛化国家安全概念，以科技优势构筑“小院高墙”。各国应抓住新一轮科技革命和产业革命的历史性机遇，加速科技成果向现实生产力转化，挖掘疫后经济增长新动能，携手实现跨越式发展。联合国应发挥核心作用，落实“在国际安全领域促进和平利用国际合作”联大决议，确保发展中国家充分享受和平利用科技的权利，促进实现可持续发展目标，同时有效应对科技发展带来的安全风险。中国将以更加开放的思维和举措推进国际科技交流合作，同各国携手打造开放、公平、公正、非歧视的科技发展环境，促进互惠共享，为人类发展进步贡献中国科技力量。
Scientific and technological advances should benefit all humanity, not becoming means of restricting and containing other countries’ development. Certain countries must not erode the governance of new frontiers with their hegemonic mentality, overstretch the concept of national security and build “small yards with high fences” with their advantage in science and technology. Countries need to seize the historic opportunity of the new round of scientific, technological and industrial revolution, accelerate translating scientific and technological advances into productivity, uncover new drivers of growth in the post-COVID era, and work together to leapfrog progress in development. The U.N. should play the core role in implementing the resolution of the General Assembly entitled “Promoting International Cooperation on Peaceful Uses in the Context of International Security,” ensure that developing countries fully enjoy the right to peaceful uses of science and technology to facilitate the realization of sustainable development goals, and effectively respond to security risks posed by scientific and technological development. China will enhance international exchange and cooperation in science and technology with a more open mind and actions, work with other countries to foster an open, fair, equitable and non-discriminatory environment for the development of science and technology, and promote mutual and shared benefit, to tap into China’s strength in science and technology for advancing human development.
人工智能的发展惠及各国，其全球治理也应由各国广泛参与。各方应秉持共商共建共享原则，发挥联合国主渠道作用，坚持以人为本、智能向善、注重发展、伦理先行等理念，增加发展中国家代表性和发言权，推动形成具有广泛共识的治理框架和标准规范，确保人工智能安全、可靠、可控，确保各国共享人工智能技术红利。
The development of AI benefits all countries, and all countries should be able to participate extensively in the global governance of AI. All parties should follow the principles of extensive consultation and joint contribution for shared benefits, give play to the role of the U.N. as the main channel, and promote a people-centered approach and such visions as AI for good, emphasis on development and priority for ethics. All parties should work for greater representation and voice of developing countries, and shape widely accepted AI governance framework, standards and norms, and ensure that AI is safe, reliable and controllable, and that all countries share in the benefits of AI technologies.
国际社会应致力于维护一个和平、安全、开放、合作的网络空间，反对网络空间阵营化、军事化、碎片化，不得泛化国家安全概念，无理剥夺他国正当发展权利，不得利用网络技术优势，扩散进攻性网络技术，将网络空间变为地缘竞争的新战场。要摒弃单边保护主义，坚持开放、公平、非歧视原则，为国际海缆等重要国际基础设施建设营造开放、包容的良好环境。中方支持联合国在全球数字治理和规则制定方面发挥主导作用，愿与各方一道就数字发展及全球数字治理的突出问题寻求解决思路，凝聚国际共识，以《全球数据安全倡议》为基础，制定数字治理国际规则。各方应坚持多边主义，坚守公平正义，统筹发展和安全，深化对话合作，完善全球数字治理体系，构建网络空间命运共同体。网络犯罪是各国面临的共同威胁，中国支持在联合国主持下，谈判制定一项具有普遍性、权威性的全球公约，为各国强化打击网络犯罪国际合作构建法律框架。
The international community should commit to upholding a cyberspace featuring peace, security, openness and cooperation, and oppose the camp-based division, militarization and fragmentation of cyberspace. No party should overstretch the concept of national security, or unscrupulously deprive another country of its legitimate right to development. Advantage in cyber technologies should not be used to spread aggressive cyber technologies, or turn cyberspace into a new battleground for geopolitical competition. It is important to reject unilateral protectionism, uphold the principles of openness, fairness and non-discrimination, and create a sound, open and inclusive environment for building important international infrastructure such as submarine cables. China supports the U.N. in playing a leading role in global digital governance and rules-making. China stands ready to work with all parties to find solutions to acute issues in digital development and global digital governance, build international consensus, and develop international rules on digital governance based on the Global Initiative on Data Security. All parties should uphold multilateralism, stay committed to fairness and justice, both pursue development and safeguard security, deepen dialogue and cooperation, improve the global digital governance system, and work for a community with a shared future in cyberspace. Cybercrimes are a common threat facing all countries. China supports negotiations chaired by the U.N. to formulate a universal and authoritative global convention, to create a legal framework for countries to strengthen international cooperation against cybercrimes.
中国高度重视生物安全，致力于完善全球生物安全治理。中国支持缔约国共同落实《禁止生物武器公约》第九次审议大会成果，推动加强《禁止生物武器公约》工作组取得实质成果，不断强化公约机制，重启公约核查议定书多边谈判。同时，国际社会应共同倡导负责任的生物科研，鼓励所有利益攸关方自愿采纳《科学家生物安全行为准则天津指南》，以降低生物安全风险、促进生物科技健康发展。
China attaches great importance to biosecurity and is committed to improving global biosecurity governance. China supports States Parties in jointly implementing the outcomes of the Ninth Review Conference of the Biological Weapons Convention and facilitating substantive outcomes achieved by the working group on the strengthening of the Convention. China supports strengthening the Convention mechanism by resuming multilateral negotiations on a Convention verification protocol. Meanwhile, the international community should work together to advocate responsible biological research and development, and encourage all stakeholders to voluntarily observe the Tianjin Biosecurity Guidelines for Codes of Conduct for Scientists, in order to reduce biosecurity risks and promote the sound development of biological science and technology.
海洋对于人类社会生存和发展具有重要意义。中国愿同各国携手维护以国际法为基础的海洋秩序，在全球安全倡议框架下妥善应对各类海上共同威胁和挑战，在全球发展倡议框架下科学有序开发利用海洋资源，在平等互利、相互尊重基础上推进海洋治理合作，维护海洋和平安宁和航道安全，构建海洋命运共同体，推动全球海洋事业不断向前发展。
Oceans hold great significance for the survival and development of human society. China will work with all countries to uphold the maritime order based on international law, properly address all kinds of common maritime threats and challenges under the framework of the GSI, develop and utilize marine resources in a science-based and orderly manner under the framework of the GDI, advance marine governance cooperation based on equality, mutual benefit and mutual respect, safeguard maritime peace and tranquility and waterway security, build a maritime community with a shared future, and promote steady progress of the global maritime cause.
和平探索利用外层空间是世界各国都享有的平等权利，外空的持久和平与安全关乎各国安全、发展和繁荣。中国始终坚持探索和利用外空为全人类谋福利的原则，维护以1967年《外空条约》为基石的外空国际秩序，在平等互利、和平利用、包容发展的基础上，开展外空国际合作，反对外空武器化和军备竞赛，倡导在外空领域构建人类命运共同体。主要航天大国应承担起维护外空和平与安全的主要责任。中国支持联合国充分发挥外空全球治理和国际合作主平台作用，支持裁谈会尽快谈判达成外空军控法律文书。
Peaceful exploration and use of outer space is an equal right for all countries in the world. Lasting peace and security in outer space bears on the security, development and prosperity of all countries. China has all along upheld the principle of exploration and use of outer space for the well-being of the entire humanity, and safeguarded the international order in outer space with the Outer Space Treaty of 1967 as the cornerstone. On the basis of equality, mutual respect, peaceful use and inclusive development, China carries out international cooperation on outer space, opposes the weaponization of and an arms race in outer space, and advocates building a community with a shared future for mankind in outer space. Countries that are major players in outer space should take up primary responsibility for safeguarding peace and security in outer space. China supports the U.N. in giving full play to its role as the main platform for global governance and international cooperation on outer space, and supports early start of negotiations and conclusion of a legal instrument on arms control in outer space through negotiations at the Conference on Disarmament.
五、加强联合国核心作用，推进全球治理体系改革
V. Strengthening the core role of the U.N. and advancing the reform of the global governance system
各国在联合国成立75周年政治宣言中承诺，加强全球治理，构建今世后代的共同未来。我们要以2024年未来峰会为契机，本着对子孙后代负责态度，加强团结合作，推进全球治理体系变革，支持联合国更好发挥作用。
In the Declaration on the Commemoration of the Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the United Nations, the countries committed to strengthen global governance for the common future of present and coming generations. The Summit of the Future in 2024 presents an opportunity for us to, with a sense of responsibility to succeeding generations, cement solidarity and cooperation, advance the reform of the global governance system, and support the U.N. in better playing its role.
中国积极参与全球治理体系改革和建设，践行共商共建共享的全球治理观，坚持真正的多边主义，推进国际关系民主化，推动全球治理朝着更加公正合理的方向发展。全球治理体系变革的关键是兼顾公平和效率，符合变化了的世界政治经济形势，满足应对全球性挑战的现实需要，顺应和平发展合作共赢的历史趋势。
China takes an active part in the reform and development of the global governance system. It practices consultation, cooperation and shared benefits in global governance, upholds true multilateralism, promotes greater democracy in international relations, and works for more just and equitable global governance. The key to the reform of the global governance system lies in balancing fairness and efficiency, keeping up with the evolved international political and economic landscape, meeting the practical need to address global challenges, and being in tune with the historical trend of peace, development, cooperation and mutual benefit.
中国坚定支持联合国在国际事务中的核心地位，联合国改革应有利于维护多边主义和联合国作用，有利于扩大发展中国家在国际事务中的发言权，有利于提高联合国机构的执行能力和管理效率。应坚持联合国平等协商的基本原则，推动联合国更好主持公道、厉行法治、促进合作、聚焦行动。
China firmly supports the core role of the U.N. in international affairs. The reform of the U.N. should be conducive to safeguarding multilateralism and the role of the U.N., increasing the voice of developing countries in international affairs, and boosting the enforcement capacity and management efficiency of U.N. agencies. It is important to follow the basic principle of equal-footed consultation in the U.N., and help the U.N. stand firm for justice, uphold the rule of law, promote cooperation and focus on real action.
中国支持对安理会进行必要、合理改革，以提高安理会的权威和效率，增强其应对全球性威胁和挑战的能力，更好地履行《联合国宪章》赋予的职责。安理会不应成为大国、富国俱乐部。改革必须切实增加发展中国家的代表性和发言权，纠正非洲历史不公，让更多外交政策独立、秉持公正立场的发展中国家有机会进入安理会，并参与其决策。中方支持就优先解决非洲诉求作出特殊安排。安理会改革涉及联合国未来和全体会员国根本利益。各方应维护联大安理会改革政府间谈判主渠道地位，坚持会员国主导原则，通过充分民主协商，达成最广泛的政治共识，就改革涉及的五大类问题，寻求兼顾各方利益和关切的“一揽子”解决方案。
China supports necessary and equitable reform of the Security Council to boost its authority and efficiency, enhance its capacity to tackle global threats and challenges, and let it better fulfill its mandate prescribed in the U.N. Charter. The Security Council should not become a club of the big countries or rich countries. Its reform should credibly increase the representation and voice of developing countries, redress the historical injustices done to Africa, and give more developing countries with independent foreign policies and just positions the opportunity to sit on the Security Council and participate in its decision-making. China supports making special arrangements to meet Africa’s aspiration as a priority. Security Council reform concerns the future of the U.N. and the fundamental interests of the entire membership. All parties should uphold the role of the intergovernmental negotiations on Security Council reform as the main channel, follow the member state-led principle, reach the most extensive political consensus through full and democratic consultation, and seek a package solution that addresses the interests and concerns of all parties on the five clusters of key issues related to the reform.
中国主张加强联合国、二十国集团、国际货币基金组织、世界银行等机制沟通合作，强化宏观经济政策协调，完善全球经济治理。要提高国际金融机构运营和筹资的能力和效率，提高发展中国家在国际金融机构中的代表性和发言权，提高特别提款权等储备资产使用效率，加大向发展中国家急需的国际公共产品投资，多边债权人应共同参与债务处理。
China advocates strengthening communication and cooperation among mechanisms such as the U.N., the G20, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, to enhance macroeconomic policy coordination and improve global economic governance. It is important to boost the capacity and efficiency of international financial institutions in operation and fund-raising, increase the representation and voice of developing countries in international financial institutions, raise the efficiency of using reserve assets such as Special Drawing Rights, step up investment in international public goods urgently needed by developing countries, and ensure participation of multilateral creditors in joint handling of debts.
中国支持对全球卫生治理体系进行必要合理改革，提升全球卫生治理体系效率，更好应对全球公共卫生危机，推动构建人类卫生健康共同体。中国支持世界卫生组织在全球卫生治理中发挥中心协调作用，支持其在客观、公正、科学基础上，加强同各方在全球卫生领域的合作。中国将继续支持和参与全球科学溯源，坚决反对任何形式的政治操弄。
China supports necessary and equitable reform of the global health governance system, to raise the efficiency of the system, better respond to global public health crises, and build a global community of health for all. China supports the World Health Organization in playing a central coordinating role in global health governance and in strengthening cooperation on public health with all sides in an objective, just and science-based manner. China will continue to support and participate in science-based global origins-tracing, and firmly opposes political manipulation of any form.
人类处于一个充满挑战的时代，也是一个充满希望的时代。面对日益严峻复杂的全球性挑战，推动加强和完善全球治理体系是世界各国必须承担的共同任务。中国将同国际社会携手前行，坚持真正的多边主义，推动落实全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议，共同开创人类更加美好的未来！
Humanity is living in a time rife with challenges and also a time full of hope. Faced with global challenges that are increasingly serious and complex, countries around the world must assume the shared task of working to strengthen and improve the global governance system. China will work together with the rest of the international community to uphold true multilateralism and implement the GDI, the GSI and the GCI. Together, we will create a better future for humanity.
本文来源：外交部
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