双语：关于2022年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况与2023年国民经济和社会发展计划草案的报告
2023年计划报告全文英语翻译
关于2022年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况与2023年国民经济和社会发展计划草案的报告
REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2022 PLAN FOR NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND ON THE 2023 DRAFT PLAN FOR NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
——2023年3月5日在第十四届全国人民代表大会第一次会议上
Delivered at the First Session of the 14th National People’s Congress on March 5, 2023
国家发展和改革委员会
National Development and Reform Commission
各位代表：
Esteemed Deputies,
受国务院委托，现将2022年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况与2023年国民经济和社会发展计划草案提请十四届全国人大一次会议审查，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。
The National Development and Reform Commission has been entrusted by the State Council to deliver this report on the implementation of the 2022 plan and on the 2023 draft plan for national economic and social development to the First Session of the 14th National People’s Congress (NPC) for its deliberation and approval. The Commission also invites comments from members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).
一、2022年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况
I. Implementation of the 2022 Plan for National Economic and Social Development
2022年是党和国家历史上极为重要的一年。党的二十大胜利召开，描绘了全面建设社会主义现代化国家的宏伟蓝图，为新时代新征程党和国家事业发展、实现第二个百年奋斗目标指明了前进方向、确立了行动指南。一年来，面对风高浪急的国际环境和艰巨繁重的国内改革发展稳定任务，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，各地区各部门坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，深入贯彻落实党的十九大和十九届历次全会精神，认真学习贯彻党的二十大精神，按照党中央、国务院决策部署，认真执行十三届全国人大五次会议审议批准的《政府工作报告》和审查批准的2022年国民经济和社会发展计划，落实全国人大财政经济委员会审查意见，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，落实疫情要防住、经济要稳住、发展要安全的要求，完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念，主动构建新发展格局，着力推动高质量发展，深化供给侧结构性改革，统筹国内国际两个大局，统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展，统筹发展和安全，持续做好“六稳”“六保”工作，加大宏观调控力度，应对超预期因素冲击，经济实现平稳运行，发展质量稳步提升，科技创新成果丰硕，改革开放全面深化，美丽中国建设扎实推进，就业物价基本平稳，粮食安全、能源安全和人民生活得到有效保障，保持了经济社会大局稳定，成功举办北京冬奥会、冬残奥会，全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程迈出坚实步伐。
The year 2022 was of great importance in the history of both the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the country. The 20th National Congress of the CPC was successfully convened. The Congress unveiled a grand blueprint for building China into a modern socialist country in all respects, charting the course and establishing a guide to action for continued progress in advancing the cause of the Party and the country on the new journey to achieve the Second Centenary Goal in the new era.
Over the past year, we faced a volatile and complex situation abroad and the challenging tasks of advancing reform and development and ensuring stability at home. Under the firm leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, all regions and departments consistently followed the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implemented the guiding principles from the 19th CPC National Congress and the plenary sessions of the 19th CPC Central Committee, and earnestly studied and implemented the guiding principles from the 20th CPC National Congress. In accordance with the decisions and plans of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, we faithfully implemented the Report on the Work of the Government and the 2022 plan for national economic and social development, which were approved at the Fifth Session of the 13th NPC, and we adopted the NPC Financial and Economic Affairs Committee’s suggestions based on its review of the 2022 plan.
We remained true to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability and made sure that the requirements for keeping the epidemic under control, stabilizing the economy, and pursuing safe development were followed. We fully and faithfully applied the new development philosophy on all fronts, worked to create a new pattern of development, and focused on promoting high-quality development. We deepened supply-side structural reform. We gave full consideration to both domestic and international imperatives, coordinated our response to the novel coronavirus disease (Covid-19) with economic and social development, and placed equal emphasis on development and security. We continued to ensure stability on the six key fronts and security in the six key areas, and we strengthened macro regulation. In these ways, we effectively responded to impacts from factors that went beyond our anticipation, ensured steady economic performance, and sustained increases in the quality of development. We achieved substantial progress in scientific and technological innovation, deepened reform and opening up across the board, and made solid progress in building a Beautiful China. Employment and prices were kept basically stable, food and energy security and the people’s wellbeing were effectively guaranteed, and overall economic and social stability were maintained. The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics and Paralympics were a great success. In short, we took solid steps forward on the new journey to build China into a modern socialist country in all respects.
（一）始终坚持人民至上、生命至上，取得疫情防控重大决定性胜利。坚持科学精准防控，因时因势优化调整防控政策措施，制定实施第九版防控方案和第九版诊疗方案，严格落实疫情防控“九不准”要求，打赢大上海保卫战，经受住了武汉保卫战以来最为严峻的考验，迅速果断处置有关地区发生的局部聚集性疫情，成功避免了致病力较强、致死率较高的病毒株的广泛流行，为打赢疫情防控阻击战赢得了宝贵时间。常态化疫情防控和应急处置更加精准有效，强化学校、养老院、儿童福利机构等重点场所及重大活动、节日期间防控措施，加强陆路边境口岸地区疫情防控救治能力建设，开展“平急两用”隔离收治设施试点建设，着力做好生活物资保障。全力推进疫苗、药物等研发推广和生产保障，国产新冠疫苗药物研发取得新进展，抗疫国际合作持续深化。实施重点产业链供应链企业“白名单”管理，切实抓好交通物流保通保畅，确保重点产业链不被阻断。11月以来，围绕“保健康、防重症”，不断优化调整防控措施，出台进一步优化疫情防控二十条措施和新十条措施，加强老年人、孕产妇、儿童等重点人群健康服务和管理，加快推进老年人疫苗接种，加强重点抗疫物资生产、调度和供应，有效遏制涉疫产品价格违法行为，加强基层医疗服务保障，完善疫情防控救治体系建设，提升应急处置能力，2亿多人得到诊治，近80万重症患者得到有效救治，为将新冠病毒感染调整为“乙类乙管”和较短时间实现疫情防控平稳转段打下了基础、创造了条件。三年多我国抗疫防疫历程极不平凡，我们高效统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展，有效保护了人民群众生命安全和身体健康，最大限度减少了疫情对经济社会发展的影响，创造了人类文明史上人口大国成功走出疫情大流行的奇迹。实践证明，党中央对疫情形势的重大判断、对防控工作的重大决策、对防控策略的重大调整是完全正确的，措施是有力的，群众是认可的，成效是巨大的。
We remained committed to putting the people and their lives above all else and achieved a major, decisive victory in our fight against Covid-19.
We adhered to a targeted and science-based approach in our Covid-19 response and improved and adjusted our response policies and measures as the situation evolved. We formulated and put into practice the ninth editions of containment protocols and diagnostic and therapeutic protocols, and we strictly implemented requirements for prohibiting nine types of excessive response. We won the great battle to protect Shanghai, withstanding the most challenging test since the fight to protect Wuhan, and took swift and decisive steps to handle local outbreaks. With these actions, we prevented highly virulent and fatal variants from spreading widely and won precious time for securing victory in the fight against Covid-19.
We made our routine epidemic prevention and control measures and emergency response more precise and effective. We reinforced response measures for key venues including schools, nursing homes, and child welfare institutions and for major events and holidays and enhanced land border areas’ epidemic prevention, control, and treatment capacity. We launched pilot projects for building quarantine and treatment facilities that are capable of operating both under normal conditions and in emergencies and worked to ensure the supply of daily necessities. We made every effort to promote the research, development, and application of vaccines and medicines and guaranteed their production. China’s domestic Covid-19 vaccines and remedies saw new progress in research and development (R&D), and China continued to expand international cooperation in the fight against Covid-19. We put enterprises along key industrial and supply chains on white lists to ensure smooth transportation and logistics and guarantee that key industrial chains are not blocked.
Since November 2022, we have continued to improve and adjust our response measures by focusing on ensuring people’s health and preventing severe cases. We rolled out 20 measures to optimize our Covid-19 response followed by 10 more, improved health services and management for key groups such as seniors, pregnant and lying-in women, and children, and worked faster to help the elderly get vaccinated. We strengthened the production, distribution, and supply of key epidemic supplies and effectively dealt with illegal pricing manipulation for epidemic-related products. We strengthened primary-level medical services, improved the systems for epidemic prevention, control, and treatment, and enhanced our emergency response capacity. We provided effective treatment for more than 200 million diagnosed patients, including close to 800,000 severe cases. These efforts laid a foundation and made it possible for the government to downgrade its response to Covid-19 to “Class B infectious disease, Class B control,” and secure a smooth transition in our response efforts in a relatively short time.
For over three years, China’s fight against Covid-19 has been truly extraordinary. We efficiently coordinated our epidemic response and economic and social development, and we effectively protected the people’s health and safety, thereby minimizing the impact of the epidemic on economic and social development. For a populous country to emerge from a pandemic largely unscathed is a miraculous achievement in the history of human civilization. Practice shows that the CPC Central Committee’s major judgments on the development of the epidemic, its major decisions on response efforts, and its major adjustments to our response strategy have been completely correct. It has taken measures that have proven effective in practice and that enjoy public support, yielding tremendous results.
（二）实施稳健有效的宏观政策，保持了经济社会大局稳定。针对疫情反复延宕、乌克兰危机爆发等超预期因素冲击，果断加大宏观政策实施力度，突出稳增长稳就业稳物价，推动经济企稳回升。2022年国内生产总值达到121万亿元，增长3.0%；全国城镇新增就业1206万人，年末全国城镇调查失业率为5.5%；物价总水平持续平稳运行，居民消费价格指数（CPI）单月同比涨幅始终运行在3%以下，全年上涨2.0%，与全球通胀水平达到40多年新高形成鲜明对比；国际收支状况较好，年末外汇储备规模为31277亿美元。
We implemented prudent and effective macro policies and maintained overall economic and social stability.
In response to the impacts of repeated resurgence and continued spread of the coronavirus, the outbreak of the Ukraine crisis, and other factors that went beyond our anticipation, we decisively took stronger steps in implementing our macro policies. We promoted sustained economic recovery, with a focus on ensuring stable growth, employment, and prices. China’s gross domestic product (GDP) reached 121 trillion yuan in 2022, representing annual growth of 3%. A total of 12.06 million urban jobs were created nationwide, and the year-end surveyed urban unemployment rate was 5.5%. Overall stability was maintained in prices, with the monthly year-on-year rise in the consumer price index (CPI) kept under 3% and yearly CPI growth at 2%, which stood in stark contrast to the 40-plus-year record high in global inflation. China had a favorable balance of international payments, and its foreign reserves totaled 3.1277 trillion US dollars at the end of 2022.
一是宏观调控持续创新完善。及时出台实施稳经济一揽子政策和接续措施，加强对地方落实政策的督导服务，有效应对超预期冲击。积极的财政政策提升效能，更加注重精准、可持续。安排财政赤字3.37万亿元，保证财政支出强度，保持了对经济恢复的必要支持力度。安排新增地方政府专项债券3.65万亿元，依法盘活用好专项债务结存限额5029亿元，加快专项债券发行使用，有效发挥专项债券在稳投资稳增长中的积极作用。用好直达机制，提高财政资金精准性有效性。切实兜牢基层“三保”底线，中央对地方转移支付规模9.71万亿元，增长17.1%，有效缓解市县财政减收增支压力。稳健的货币政策灵活适度，保持流动性合理充裕。两次下调存款准备金率，释放长期流动性。落实好普惠小微贷款支持工具、碳减排支持工具、支持煤炭清洁高效利用专项再贷款，新出台科技创新再贷款、交通物流专项再贷款、普惠养老专项再贷款等结构性货币政策工具，加大对经济社会发展重点领域和薄弱环节的支持力度。2022年末，广义货币供应量（M2）余额和社会融资规模存量分别增长11.8%和9.6%。全年新增人民币贷款比上年多增1.36万亿元，制造业中长期贷款比年初增加2.56万亿元。稳步推进汇率市场化改革，保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上基本稳定。强化宏观政策统筹协调，高效开展新出台政策文件与宏观政策取向一致性评估，充分发挥宏观政策协调机制作用，政策协同效应明显增强。
1) More new approaches were adopted to improve macro regulation.
We introduced a package of policies and follow-up measures in a timely manner to keep economic performance stable, and we strengthened supervision and guidance over local implementation of these policies, thus effectively responding to impacts that went beyond our anticipation.
Our proactive fiscal policy became more effective, with greater emphasis placed on keeping it targeted and sustainable. The government deficit was set at 3.37 trillion yuan, which ensured fiscal spending intensity and maintained the scale necessary to support economic recovery. Local governments issued an additional 3.65 trillion yuan in special-purpose bonds, special-purpose bonds from previous years’ unused inventory worth 502.9 billion yuan were issued and put to good use in accordance with the law, and the issuance and use of special-purpose bonds were accelerated, all of which helped give full play to their positive role in sustaining investment and growth. We put the mechanism for direct allocation of budgetary funds into full use and made government spending more targeted and effective. We made concrete efforts to protect the three priorities of the people’s basic wellbeing, payment of salaries, and normal government functioning at the local level. Transfer payments from the central to local governments totaled 9.71 trillion yuan, an increase of 17.1%, which effectively relieved pressure on city and county governments from decreased revenues and increased expenditures.
Our prudent monetary policy was flexible and appropriate, and ample liquidity was maintained. Required reserve ratios were lowered twice to release long-term liquidity supply. We fully leveraged instruments to support inclusive loans to micro and small enterprises (MSEs) and carbon emissions reduction, facilitated targeted relending for promoting cleaner and more efficient use of coal, and introduced new structural monetary policy tools such as relending for sci-tech innovation and targeted relending for transportation and logistics development and for public-interest elderly care. In doing so, we scaled up support for key areas and weak links in economic and social development. By the end of 2022, the balance of China’s M2 money supply and aggregate financing had increased by 11.8% and 9.6% respectively year-on-year. New RMB loans for the year grew by 1.36 trillion yuan, and medium- and long-term loans to the manufacturing sector increased by 2.56 trillion yuan over the beginning of the year. We took steady steps to make the RMB exchange rate more market-based and kept it generally stable at an adaptive, balanced level.
We strengthened macro policy coordination and took effective steps in assessing consistency of orientation between newly issued policies and documents and macro policies. We also made full use of macro policy coordination mechanisms. All of this markedly improved policy coordination.
二是减负纾困力度明显加大。全年新增减税降费和退税缓税缓费超过4.2万亿元，其中增值税留抵退税超过2.4万亿元，新增减税降费超过1万亿元，缓税缓费超过7500亿元。延续实施制造业中小微企业和个体工商户缓缴部分税费、阶段性缓缴部分行政事业性收费和保证金等支持政策，出台针对餐饮、零售、旅游、交通运输等服务业特殊困难行业和养老托育行业的纾困扶持措施等。对困难行业企业社保费实施缓缴。做好普惠小微企业贷款延期支持工具和普惠小微企业信用贷款支持计划接续转换，将普惠小微贷款支持工具激励资金支持比例由1%提高至2%，对普惠小微贷款在第四季度的利息减1个百分点。加大困难群众基本生活保障力度，阶段性扩大低保等社会保障政策覆盖面，调整社会救助和保障标准与物价上涨挂钩联动机制，适当降低启动条件，将更多低收入人群纳入补贴范围。
2) Greater efforts were made to help ease enterprises’ burdens and resolve their difficulties.
In 2022, newly-introduced tax and fee cuts, tax refunds, and deferred tax and fee payments exceeded 4.2 trillion yuan. Of this, value-added tax (VAT) credit refunds surpassed 2.4 trillion yuan, new tax and fee cuts exceeded 1 trillion yuan, and deferred tax and fee payments totaled over 750 billion yuan. We extended policies to postpone certain tax payments for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) and self-employed individuals in manufacturing and to temporarily postpone the collection of certain administrative charges and guarantee funds, among other supporting policies. We introduced targeted measures to provide relief for businesses experiencing particular difficulty in service industries such as catering, retail, tourism, and transportation as well as businesses engaged in elderly care and childcare services. We allowed enterprises in sectors facing difficulties to delay their contributions to social insurance schemes.
We worked to ensure continuity and renewal of loans under the former two instruments to support deferred payments on inclusive loans of MSEs and to support inclusive credit loans to MSEs. In addition, we raised the ratio of government funding for new loans issued through the instrument to support inclusive loans to MSEs from 1% to 2% and reduced the interest rate of inclusive loans to MSEs by one percentage point for the fourth quarter of the year.
To better ensure basic standards of living for those in need, we temporarily extended the coverage of subsistence allowances and other social security policies, and we adjusted the mechanism tying social assistance and benefit payments to increases in the price of goods by appropriately lowering the threshold for the mechanism to kick in, in order to include more low-income earners.
三是重要商品保供稳价进一步加强。推进重要民生商品价格调控机制落地见效，加强产运销衔接和进出口、储备吞吐调节，强化预期引导，促进价格平稳运行。坚持粮食最低收购价政策托底定位，适当提高稻谷、小麦最低收购价，稳定口粮生产。压实“菜篮子”市长负责制，加强生猪市场调控，缓解生猪猪肉价格大幅波动。规范价格指数行为，期货现货市场联动监管明显加强。创新构建煤炭价格调控监管长效机制，引导煤炭价格在合理区间运行，积极应对国际油气价格大幅上涨，保障居民用电用气需求和价格稳定。
3) Stronger steps were taken to guarantee the supply and price stability of major commodities.
We worked to ensure that price regulation mechanisms for essential commodities were effectively implemented. We strengthened coordination of production, transportation, and sales, improved adjustments to imports and exports and commodity reserves, enhanced guidance over market expectations, and ensured that market prices remained stable. We continued to employ the minimum purchase price policy for grains as an effective means to ensure reasonable grain prices, and we appropriately raised the minimum purchase prices for rice and wheat, thus keeping grain production stable. We put more responsibility on city mayors to ensure the supply of non-staple foods and strengthened regulation over the hog market to cope with sharp fluctuations in hog and pork prices. Activities related to price indexes were standardized, and coordinated oversight over spot markets and futures markets was markedly improved. We created long-term mechanisms for coal price regulation and oversight, kept coal prices within an appropriate range, actively responded to the sharp rise in international oil and gas prices, and guaranteed stable supply and prices for household electricity and gas.
（三）坚定实施扩大内需战略，内需潜力持续释放。扎实推动构建新发展格局“1+N”政策体系落实落细，制定实施扩大内需战略规划纲要（2022－2035年）和“十四五”扩大内需战略实施方案，聚焦重点领域扩投资稳消费，进一步激发国内需求潜力，促进国内大循环加快畅通。
We firmly implemented the strategy to expand domestic demand and consistently unlocked the potential of domestic demand.
We thoroughly and effectively implemented the “1+N” policy framework for fostering a new development pattern. We formulated and implemented an outline for the strategy to expand domestic demand for 2022 through 2035 and an implementation plan for the strategy to expand domestic demand during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. Focusing on expanding investment and stabilizing consumption in key areas, we further unlocked the potential of domestic demand and promoted smoother flows in the economy.
一是投资关键作用充分发挥。建立并高效运转推进有效投资重要项目协调机制，强化用地、环评、用能等要素保障和重大问题协调，做到“资金、要素跟着项目走”，加快推进重点任务落实和重大项目建设，努力形成更多实物工作量。创新设立政策性开发性金融工具，分两批投放基金7400亿元，为重大项目建设补充资本金，支持的2700多个重大项目已全部开工。通过专项再贷款与财政贴息配套支持重点领域设备更新改造，推动扩大制造业中长期贷款投放。适度超前开展基础设施投资，推进“十四五”规划102项重大工程实施，新型基础设施加快布局，川藏铁路全面建设取得良好开局，装机规模全球第二大的白鹤滩水电站全面投产，白鹤滩至江苏、浙江特高压直流输电工程运行，小洋山北侧集装箱码头（陆域部分）、平陆运河工程、南水北调中线引江补汉工程等开工建设。发挥中央预算内投资撬动作用。加快地方政府专项债券发行使用并进一步扩大支持范围。鼓励引导社会资本盘活老项目、投入新项目，促进存量资产和新增投资良性循环，已累计发行上市基础设施领域不动产投资信托基金（REITs）试点项目24个，总发行规模超过780亿元。全面推进城镇老旧小区改造，全国实际新开工老旧小区改造5.25万个。城市基础设施建设短板加快补齐，城市燃气管道等老化更新改造积极推进。全国固定资产投资（不含农户）57.21万亿元，增长5.1%；其中，基础设施、制造业投资分别增长9.4%、9.1%，一定程度弥补了消费收缩缺口。
1) Investment fully played its key role in driving development.
We established a coordination mechanism for advancing major projects to promote effective investment and ran it efficiently to strengthen support in terms of land provision, environmental impact assessments, energy, and other factors and to improve coordination on major issues. We made sure that investment funds and other production factors stayed connected to projects they were allocated to and sped up implementation of key tasks and construction on major projects, in an effort to see real work begin on more of these projects. We created new policy and development finance instruments and issued 740 billion yuan in two batches to replenish the capital for more than 2,700 major projects, all of which have since broken ground. We supported equipment upgrades in key areas by providing targeted relending and interest subsidies and encouraged more medium- and long-term lending to the manufacturing sector.
We made proactive investments in infrastructure as appropriate, advanced construction on the 102 major projects outlined in the 14th Five-Year Plan, and accelerated planning for new types of infrastructure. Full-scale construction on the Chengdu-Lhasa Railway got off to a good start; Baihetan Hydropower Station, ranking second in the world in terms of installed capacity, came into full production; and the ultra-high voltage direct-current transmission project from Baihetan to Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces began operation. Construction began on the North Xiaoyangshan Container Terminal (land area), the Pinglu Canal project, and the Yangtze River to Han River diversion project along the central route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project.
We gave play to the catalytic role of investment from the central government budget. We accelerated the issuance and use of local government special-purpose bonds and further widened their scope of usage. We encouraged and channeled private capital toward restarting suspended projects and initiating new ones, and promoted positive interplay between idle assets and new investment. A total of 24 pilot projects on real estate investment trusts (REITs) in the infrastructure sector have gone public, with a total issuance volume of over 78 billion yuan.
We advanced the renovation of old urban residential communities nationwide, leading to the launch of renovations to 52,500 such communities last year. We worked faster to make up deficiencies in urban infrastructure and actively advanced the upgrading of old urban gas pipelines and other facilities. National fixed-asset investment (excluding rural households) totaled 57.21 trillion yuan, an increase of 5.1% over the previous year. Of this amount, investment in infrastructure and manufacturing rose by 9.4% and 9.1% respectively, partly making up for the losses caused by shrinking consumption.
二是促进居民消费逐步恢复。完善促进消费的政策体系，制定出台进一步释放消费潜力促进消费持续恢复的意见，综合施策释放消费潜力。阶段性对符合条件的乘用车减半征收车辆购置税，延续实施免征新能源汽车购置税政策。大力发展绿色消费，印发促进绿色消费实施方案，系统设计促进绿色消费的制度政策体系，推进新能源汽车、绿色智能家电、绿色建材下乡活动。汽车、家电等大宗消费潜力有效释放，全年新能源汽车销售688.7万辆，比上年增长93.4%，市场渗透率达25.6%，产销量连续8年保持全球第一。推进线上线下消费有机融合，促进网络消费，推动餐饮住宿、交通运输、文化旅游等接触性行业逐步回暖。支持县域商业体系、农产品供应链体系建设。全年社会消费品零售总额43.97万亿元，其中网上零售额达13.79万亿元。
2) Efforts were made to promote the gradual recovery of consumer spending.
We improved our policy system for boosting consumption, formulated and released guidelines on further unleashing consumption potential to promote sustained consumption recovery, and unlocked consumption potential through combined measures.
We temporarily halved the purchase tax on eligible passenger vehicles and extended the policy of purchase tax exemption for new-energy vehicles (NEVs). To vigorously develop green consumption, we introduced an implementation plan for boosting green consumption, designed corresponding mechanisms and policy systems, and encouraged the purchase and use of NEVs, green and smart home appliances, and green building materials in rural areas. We effectively tapped consumption potential for big-ticket items such as automobiles and home appliances. In 2022, 6.887 million NEVs were sold, representing a 93.4% year-on-year increase. The market penetration rate of NEVs reached 25.6%, and China ranked first in the world for the eighth consecutive year in terms of NEV output and sales.
We integrated online and offline consumption, promoted online consumer spending, and saw that contact-intensive sectors such as catering and hospitality, transportation, and culture and tourism were gradually restored. We supported the development of county-level commercial systems and supply chains for farm produce. Retail sales of consumer goods totaled 43.97 trillion yuan last year, including 13.79 trillion yuan in online sales.
三是经济循环进一步畅通。制定实施“十四五”现代物流发展规划，统筹推动国家物流枢纽、国家骨干冷链物流基地、国家级示范物流园区建设，促进物流业与制造业深度融合，加快打造“支点城市+骨干走廊”现代流通网络，深入实施国家综合货运枢纽补链强链，加快建设一批综合货运枢纽及集疏运体系重点项目，优化商贸流通基础设施布局，推进市场设施高标准联通，成立国务院物流保通保畅工作领导小组，打通“大动脉”，畅通“微循环”，保障生产生活物资供应和产业链供应链循环畅通。
3) Smoother flows in the economy were ensured.
We formulated and implemented a plan for developing modern logistics during the 14th Five-Year Plan period to coordinate the development of national logistics hubs, key national cold-chain logistics bases, and national demonstration logistics parks. We facilitated deep integration of logistics and manufacturing and accelerated the development of a modern distribution network underpinned by key cities and major transportation corridors. We made greater efforts to strengthen integrated national freight hubs, and we sped up the construction of a number of such hubs and major projects in collection, distribution, and transportation systems. We optimized the infrastructure layout for goods distribution and did a better job connecting market facilities. A leading group for ensuring smooth logistics under the State Council was established to promote unimpeded transportation and logistics, thus guaranteeing the supply of daily necessities and production materials as well as the smooth operation of industrial and supply chains.
本文来源：新华网
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