双语：中华人民共和国2021年国民经济和社会发展统计公报

中华人民共和国2021年国民经济和社会发展统计公报全文翻译

中华人民共和国2021年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[1]

Statistical Communiqué of the People’s Republic of China on the 2021 National Economic and Social Development [1]

国家统计局

National Bureau of Statistics of China

2022年2月28日

February 28, 2022

2021年是党和国家历史上具有里程碑意义的一年。在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，各地区各部门坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻党的十九大和十九届历次全会精神，弘扬伟大建党精神，按照党中央、国务院决策部署，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念，加快构建新发展格局，全面深化改革开放，坚持创新驱动发展，推动高质量发展。我们隆重庆祝中国共产党成立一百周年，实现第一个百年奋斗目标，开启向第二个百年奋斗目标进军新征程，沉着应对百年变局和世纪疫情，构建新发展格局迈出新步伐，高质量发展取得新成效，实现了“十四五”良好开局。我国经济发展和疫情防控保持全球领先地位，国家战略科技力量加快壮大，产业链韧性得到提升，改革开放向纵深推进，民生保障有力有效，生态文明建设持续推进。这些成绩的取得，是以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导的结果，是全党全国各族人民勠力同心、艰苦奋斗的结果。

The year 2021 is a year of milestone significance in the history of the Communist Party of China and the People’s Republic of China. Under the strong leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, all regions and departments took Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as the guideline, fully implemented the spirits of the 19th CPC National Congress and the Plenary Sessions of the 19th Central Committee of the CPC and fostered the great founding spirit of the CPC. All regions and departments followed the decisions and arrangements made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, committed to the general working guideline of making progress while maintaining stability, fully and faithfully implemented the new development philosophy on all fronts, accelerated fostering a new development pattern, comprehensively deepened the reform and opening up, insisted on innovation-driven development, and promoted the high-quality development. We celebrated the centenary of the founding of the CPC, fulfilled the First Centenary Goal, and embarked on the new journey to achieve the Second Centenary Goal. While responding with composure to changes and the pandemic both unseen in a century, we have made new advances in fostering a new development pattern and pursuing high-quality development, and got off to a good start in implementing the 14th Five-Year Plan. China has maintained the leading position in the economic growth and the epidemic prevention and control in the world. National strategic capacity in science and technology accelerated its growth, industrial chain resilience was improved, reform and opening-up was advanced in depth, people’s livelihood was strongly and effectively safeguarded, and ecological conservation was carried forward. These are the results of the strong leadership of the Central Committee of the CPC with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core and the results of concerted efforts and hard work by the Party and the Chinese people of all ethnic groups.

一、综合

I. General Outlook

初步核算，全年国内生产总值[2]1143670亿元，比上年增长8.1%，两年平均增长[3]5.1%。其中，第一产业增加值83086亿元，比上年增长7.1%；第二产业增加值450904亿元，增长8.2%；第三产业增加值609680亿元，增长8.2%。第一产业增加值占国内生产总值比重为7.3%，第二产业增加值比重为39.4%，第三产业增加值比重为53.3%。全年最终消费支出拉动国内生产总值增长5.3个百分点，资本形成总额拉动国内生产总值增长1.1个百分点，货物和服务净出口拉动国内生产总值增长1.7个百分点。全年人均国内生产总值80976元，比上年增长8.0%。国民总收入[4]1133518亿元，比上年增长7.9%。全员劳动生产率[5]为146380元/人，比上年提高8.7%。

According to preliminary estimation, the gross domestic product (GDP) [2] in 2021 was 114,367.0 billion yuan, up by 8.1 percent over the previous year with the average two-year growth [3] of 5.1 percent. Of this total, the value added of the primary industry was 8,308.6 billion yuan, up by 7.1 percent over the previous year, that of the secondary industry was 45,090.4 billion yuan, up by 8.2 percent and that of the tertiary industry was 60,968.0 billion yuan, up by 8.2 percent. The value added of the primary industry accounted for 7.3 percent of the GDP; that of the secondary industry accounted for 39.4 percent; and that of the tertiary industry accounted for 53.3 percent. The contribution of the final consumption expenditure to GDP growth rate was up by 5.3 percentage points, that of the gross capital formation to GDP growth rate up by 1.1 percentage points and that of the net exports of goods and services to GDP growth rate up by 1.7 percentage points. The per capita GDP in 2021 was 80,976 yuan, up by 8.0 percent over the previous year. The gross national income [4] in 2021 was 113,351.8 billion yuan, up by 7.9 percent over the previous year. The overall labor productivity [5] was 146,380 yuan per person in 2021, up by 8.7 percent over the previous year.

年末全国人口[7]141260万人，比上年末增加48万人，其中城镇常住人口91425万人。全年出生人口1062万人，出生率为7.52‰；死亡人口1014万人，死亡率为7.18‰；自然增长率为0.34‰。全国人户分离的人口[8]5.04亿人，其中流动人口[9]3.85亿人。

By the end of 2021, the total number of national population [7] reached 1,412.60 million, an increase of 0.48 million over that at the end of 2020. Of this total, urban permanent residents numbered 914.25 million. There were 10.62 million births in 2021 with a crude birth rate of 7.52 per thousand; and there were 10.14 million deaths with a crude death rate of 7.18 per thousand. The natural growth rate was 0.34 per thousand. The number of population who live in places other than their household registration areas [8] reached 504 million, of which 385 million were floating population [9].

年末全国就业人员74652万人，其中城镇就业人员46773万人，占全国就业人员比重为62.7%，比上年末上升1.1个百分点。全年城镇新增就业1269万人，比上年多增83万人。全年全国城镇调查失业率平均值为5.1%。年末全国城镇调查失业率为5.1%，城镇登记失业率为3.96%。全国农民工[11]总量29251万人，比上年增长2.4%。其中，外出农民工17172万人，增长1.3%；本地农民工12079万人，增长4.1%。

At the end of 2021, the number of employed people in China was 746.52 million, and that in urban areas was 467.73 million, accounting for 62.7 percent for the total employed people, 1.1 percentage points higher than that at the end of the previous year. The newly increased employed people in urban areas numbered 12.69 million in 2021, 0.83 million more than the previous year. The surveyed urban unemployment rate in 2021 averaged 5.1 percent. The surveyed urban unemployment rate at the year end was 5.1 percent, and the registered urban unemployment rate was 3.96 percent. The total number of migrant workers [11] was 292.51 million, up by 2.4 percent over that of 2020. Specifically, the number of migrant workers who left their hometowns and worked in other places was 171.72 million, up by 1.3 percent, and those who worked in their own localities reached 120.79 million, up by 4.1 percent.

全年居民消费价格比上年上涨0.9%。工业生产者出厂价格上涨8.1%。工业生产者购进价格上涨11.0%。农产品生产者价格[12]下降2.2%。12月份，70个大中城市中，新建商品住宅销售价格同比上涨的城市个数为53个，下降的为17个；二手住宅销售价格同比上涨的城市个数为43个，持平的为1个，下降的为26个。

The consumer prices in 2021 went up by 0.9 percent over the previous year. The producer prices for industrial products went up by 8.1 percent and the purchasing prices for industrial producers up by 11.0 percent. The producer prices for farm products [12] dropped by 2.2 percent. In December, out of the 70 large and medium-sized cities, 53 cities experienced a year-on-year rise in sales prices of new commercial residential buildings and 17 cities experienced a decline; 43 cities experienced a year-on-year rise in sales prices of second-hand housing, one city maintained the same, and 26 cities experienced a decline.

年末国家外汇储备32502亿美元，比上年末增加336亿美元。全年人民币平均汇率为1美元兑6.4515元人民币，比上年升值6.9%。

At the end of 2021, China’s foreign exchange reserves reached 3,250.2 billion US dollars, an increase of 33.6 billion US dollars compared with that at the end of 2020. The average exchange rate of the year was 6.4515 RMB to 1 USD dollar, appreciated by 6.9 percent over that of 2020.

新产业新业态新模式加速成长。全年规模以上工业中，高技术制造业[14]增加值比上年增长18.2%，占规模以上工业增加值的比重为15.1%；装备制造业[15]增加值增长12.9%，占规模以上工业增加值的比重为32.4%。全年规模以上服务业[16]中，战略性新兴服务业[17]企业营业收入比上年增长16.0%。全年高技术产业投资[18]比上年增长17.1%。全年新能源汽车产量367.7万辆，比上年增长152.5%；集成电路产量3594.3亿块，增长37.5%。全年网上零售额[19]130884亿元，按可比口径计算，比上年增长14.1%。全年新登记市场主体2887万户，日均新登记企业2.5万户，年末市场主体总数达1.5亿户。

New industries, new forms and models of business gathered speed to grow. Among the industries above the designated size, the value added of the high technology manufacturing industry [14] increased by 18.2 percent over the previous year, accounting for 15.1 percent of that of all industrial enterprises above the designated size. The value added for the manufacture of equipment [15] was up by 12.9 percent, accounting for 32.4 percent of that of all industrial enterprises above the designated size. Among the service enterprises above the designated size [16], the business revenue of the strategic emerging service industries [17] went up by 16.0 percent compared with the previous year. In 2021, the investment in high technology industries [18] increased by 17.1 percent over the previous year. In 2021, the output of new energy vehicles reached 3.677 million, up by 152.5 percent compared with the previous year; and that of integrated circuits was 359.43 billion, up by 37.5 percent. In 2021, the online retail sales [19] reached 13,088.4 billion yuan, up by 14.1 percent over the previous year on comparable basis. In 2021, the number of newly registered market entities was 28.87 million with 25 thousand market entities newly registered per day on average. By the end of 2021, the market entities totaled 0.15 billion.

城乡区域协调发展扎实推进。年末全国常住人口城镇化率为64.72%，比上年末提高0.83个百分点。分区域看[20]，全年东部地区生产总值592202亿元，比上年增长8.1%；中部地区生产总值250132亿元，增长8.7%；西部地区生产总值239710亿元，增长7.4%；东北地区生产总值55699亿元，增长6.1%。全年京津冀地区生产总值96356亿元，比上年增长7.3%；长江经济带地区生产总值530228亿元，增长8.7%；长江三角洲地区生产总值276054亿元，增长8.4%。粤港澳大湾区建设、黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展等区域重大战略深入实施。

Solid progress was made in the coordinated development across urban and rural areas and different regions. By the end of 2021, the urbanization rate of permanent residents reached 64.72 percent, 0.83 percentage points higher than the end of 2020. By region [20], in 2021, the gross domestic product in the eastern areas was 59,220.2 billion yuan, an increase of 8.1 percent over the previous year; the central areas, 25,013.2 billion yuan, up by 8.7 percent; the western areas, 23,971.0 billion yuan, up by 7.4 percent; and the northeastern areas, 5,569.9 billion yuan, up by 6.1 percent. In 2021, the gross domestic product in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region reached 9,635.6 billion yuan, up by 7.3 percent over the previous year; that in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, 53,022.8 billion yuan, up by 8.7 percent; and that in the Yangtze River Delta, 27,605.4 billion yuan, up by 8.4 percent. Major regional strategies such as the construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Areas, the ecological protection of the Yellow River Basin, and the high-quality development were further implemented.

生态环境保护取得新成效。全年全国万元国内生产总值能耗[22]比上年下降2.7%。在监测的339个地级及以上城市中，全年空气质量达标的城市占64.3%，未达标的城市占35.7%；细颗粒物（PM2.5）年平均浓度30微克/立方米，比上年下降9.1%。3641个国家地表水考核断面中，全年水质优良（Ⅰ～Ⅲ类）断面比例为84.9%，Ⅳ类断面比例为11.8%，Ⅴ类断面比例为2.2%，劣Ⅴ类断面比例为1.2%。

New achievement was made in ecological environmental protection. The national energy consumption per 10,000 yuan worth of GDP [22] in 2021 dropped by 2.7 percent over the previous year. Of the monitored 339 cities at prefecture level and above, 64.3 percent reached the air quality standard and 35.7 percent failed. The annual average concentration of particulate matter (PM2.5) was 30 micrograms per cubic meter, down by 9.1 percent over the previous year. Of the 3,641 sections under the national monitoring program for surface water, 84.9 percent were fairly clean water quality (Grade I to III), 11.8 percent were Grade IV, 2.2 percent were Grade V and 1.2 percent was worse than Grade V national standard.

二、农业

II. Agriculture

全年粮食种植面积11763万公顷，比上年增加86万公顷。其中，稻谷种植面积2992万公顷，减少15万公顷；小麦种植面积2357万公顷，增加19万公顷；玉米种植面积4332万公顷，增加206万公顷。棉花种植面积303万公顷，减少14万公顷。油料种植面积1310万公顷，减少3万公顷。糖料种植面积146万公顷，减少11万公顷。

In 2021, the sown area of grain was 117.63 million hectares, an increase of 0.86 million hectares compared with that in 2020. Of this total, the sown area of rice was 29.92 million hectares, a decrease of 0.15 million hectares; the sown area of wheat was 23.57 million hectares, an increase of 0.19 million hectares; the sown area of corn was 43.32 million hectares, an increase of 2.06 million hectares. The sown area of cotton was 3.03 million hectares, a decrease of 0.14 million hectares. The sown area of oil-bearing crops was 13.10 million hectares, a decrease of 30 thousand hectares; the sown area of sugar crops was 1.46 million hectares, a decrease of 0.11 million hectares.

全年粮食产量68285万吨，比上年增加1336万吨，增产2.0%。其中，夏粮产量14596万吨，增产2.2%；早稻产量2802万吨，增产2.7%；秋粮产量50888万吨，增产1.9%。全年谷物产量63276万吨，比上年增产2.6%。其中，稻谷产量21284万吨，增产0.5%；小麦产量13695万吨，增产2.0%；玉米产量27255万吨，增产4.6%。

The total output of grain in 2021 was 682.85 million tons, an increase of 13.36 million tons over the previous year, or up by 2.0 percent. Of this total, the output of summer crops was 145.96 million tons, up by 2.2 percent, and that of the early rice was 28.02 million tons, up by 2.7 percent. The output of autumn grain was 508.88 million tons, up by 1.9 percent. The output of cereal in 2021 was 632.76 million tons, up by 2.6 percent over 2020, among which the output of rice was 212.84 million tons, up by 0.5 percent; that of wheat was 136.95 million tons, up by 2.0 percent; and that of corn was 272.55 million tons, up by 4.6 percent.

全年棉花产量573万吨，比上年减产3.0%。油料产量3613万吨，增产0.8%。糖料产量11451万吨，减产4.7%。茶叶产量318万吨，增产8.3%。

In 2021, the output of cotton was 5.73 million tons, down by 3.0 percent over the previous year, that of oil-bearing crops was 36.13 million tons, up by 0.8 percent, that of sugar crops was 114.51 million tons, down by 4.7 percent, and that of tea was 3.18 million tons, up by 8.3 percent.

全年猪牛羊禽肉产量8887万吨，比上年增长16.3%。其中，猪肉产量5296万吨，增长28.8%；牛肉产量698万吨，增长3.7%；羊肉产量514万吨，增长4.4%；禽肉产量2380万吨，增长0.8%。禽蛋产量3409万吨，下降1.7%。牛奶产量3683万吨，增长7.1%。年末生猪存栏44922万头，比上年末增长10.5%；全年生猪出栏67128万头，比上年增长27.4%。

The total output of pork, beef, mutton and poultry in 2021 was 88.87 million tons, up by 16.3 percent over the previous year. Of this total, the output of pork was 52.96 million tons, up by 28.8 percent; that of beef was 6.98 million tons, up by 3.7 percent; that of mutton was 5.14 million tons, up by 4.4 percent; and that of poultry was 23.80 million tons, up by 0.8 percent. The total output of eggs was 34.09 million tons, down by 1.7 percent. The output of milk was 36.83 million tons, up by 7.1 percent. At the end of the year, 449.22 million pigs were registered in the total stocks, up by 10.5 percent compared with that at the end of 2020, and 671.28 million pigs were slaughtered, up by 27.4 percent over the previous year.

全年水产品产量6693万吨，比上年增长2.2%。其中，养殖水产品产量5388万吨，增长3.1%；捕捞水产品产量1305万吨，下降1.5%。

The total output of aquatic products in 2021 was 66.93 million tons, up by 2.2 percent over the previous year. Of this total, the output of cultured aquatic products was 53.88 million tons, up by 3.1 percent; and that of fished aquatic products was 13.05 million tons, down by 1.5 percent.

全年木材产量9888万立方米，比上年下降3.6%。

The total production of timber in 2021 reached 98.88 million cubic meters, down by 3.6 percent over the previous year.

全年新增耕地灌溉面积46万公顷，新增高效节水灌溉面积188万公顷。

In 2021, over 0.46 million hectares of farmland were newly equipped with irrigation systems and another 1.88 million hectares of farmland was newly equipped with water-saving irrigation systems.

三、工业和建筑业

III. Industry and Construction

全年全部工业增加值372575亿元，比上年增长9.6%。规模以上工业增加值增长9.6%。在规模以上工业中，分经济类型看，国有控股企业增加值增长8.0%；股份制企业增长9.8%，外商及港澳台商投资企业增长8.9%；私营企业增长10.2%。分门类看，采矿业增长5.3%，制造业增长9.8%，电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业增长11.4%。

In 2021, the total value added of the industrial sector was 37,257.5 billion yuan, up by 9.6 percent over the previous year. The value added of industrial enterprises above the designated size increased by 9.6 percent. Of the industrial enterprises above the designated size, in terms of ownership, the value added of the state-holding enterprises was up by 8.0 percent, that of the share-holding enterprises up by 9.8 percent, that of the enterprises funded by foreign investors and investors from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan up by 8.9 percent and that of private enterprises up by 10.2 percent. In terms of sectors, the value added of the mining industry was up by 5.3 percent, that of manufacturing up by 9.8 percent and that of production and supply of electricity, heat power, gas and water up by 11.4 percent.

全年规模以上工业中，农副食品加工业增加值比上年增长7.7%，纺织业增长1.4%，化学原料和化学制品制造业增长7.7%，非金属矿物制品业增长8.0%，黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业增长1.2%，通用设备制造业增长12.4%，专用设备制造业增长12.6%，汽车制造业增长5.5%，电气机械和器材制造业增长16.8%，计算机、通信和其他电子设备制造业增长15.7%，电力、热力生产和供应业增长10.9%。

In 2021, of the industrial enterprises above the designated size, the value added for processing of food from agricultural and sideline products was up by 7.7 percent over the previous year; for textile industry up by 1.4 percent; for manufacture of raw chemical materials and chemical products up by 7.7 percent; for manufacture of non-metallic mineral products up by 8.0 percent; for smelting and pressing of ferrous metals up by 1.2 percent; for manufacture of general purpose machinery up by 12.4 percent; for manufacture of special purpose machinery up by 12.6 percent; for manufacture of automobiles up by 5.5 percent; for manufacture of electrical machinery and apparatus up by 16.8 percent; for manufacture of computers, communication equipment and other electronic equipment up by 15.7 percent; for production and supply of electricity and heat power up by 10.9 percent.

年末全国发电装机容量237692万千瓦，比上年末增长7.9%。其中[26]，火电装机容量129678万千瓦，增长4.1%；水电装机容量39092万千瓦，增长5.6%；核电装机容量5326万千瓦，增长6.8%；并网风电装机容量32848万千瓦，增长16.6%；并网太阳能发电装机容量30656万千瓦，增长20.9%。

By the end of 2021, the installed power generation capacity was 2,376.92 million kilowatts, up by 7.9 percent over that at the end of 2020, among which [26] the installed thermal power generation capacity was 1,296.78 million kilowatts, up by 4.1 percent; the installed hydropower generation capacity was 390.92 million kilowatts, up by 5.6 percent; the installed nuclear power generation capacity was 53.26 million kilowatts, up by 6.8 percent. The installed grid-connected wind power generation capacity was 328.48 million kilowatts, up by 16.6 percent and the installed grid-connected solar power generation capacity was 306.56 million kilowatts, up by 20.9 percent.

全年规模以上工业企业利润87092亿元，比上年增长[27]34.3%。分经济类型看，国有控股企业利润22770亿元，比上年增长56.0%；股份制企业62702亿元，增长40.2%，外商及港澳台商投资企业22846亿元，增长21.1%；私营企业29150亿元，增长27.6%。分门类看，采矿业利润10391亿元，比上年增长190.7%；制造业73612亿元，增长31.6%；电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业3089亿元，下降41.9%。全年规模以上工业企业每百元营业收入中的成本为83.74元，比上年减少0.23元；营业收入利润率为6.81%，提高0.76个百分点。年末规模以上工业企业资产负债率为56.1%，比上年末下降0.1个百分点。全年全国工业产能利用率[28]为77.5%。

In 2021, the profits made by industrial enterprises above the designated size were 8,709.2 billion yuan, up by 34.3 percent over the previous year [27]. By ownership, the profits of state-holding enterprises were 2,277.0 billion yuan, up by 56.0 percent over the previous year; those of share-holding enterprises were 6,270.2 billion yuan, up by 40.2 percent; those of enterprises funded by foreign investors or investors from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan were 2,284.6 billion yuan, up by 21.1 percent; and those of private enterprises were 2,915.0 billion yuan, up by 27.6 percent. In terms of different sectors, the profits of mining were 1,039.1 billion yuan, up by 190.7 percent over the previous year; those of manufacturing were 7,361.2 billion yuan, up by 31.6 percent; and those of the production and supply of electricity, heat power, gas and water were 308.9 billion yuan, down by 41.9 percent. In 2021, the cost for per-hundred-yuan business revenue of the industrial enterprises above the designated size was 83.74 yuan, or 0.23 yuan less than that of 2020; the profit rate of the business revenue was 6.81 percent, up by 0.76 percentage points. By the end of 2021, the asset-liability ratio of industrial enterprises above the designated size was 56.1 percent, 0.1 percentage points lower than the end of 2020. The national industrial capacity utilization rate [28] was 77.5 percent in 2021.

全年建筑业增加值80138亿元，比上年增长2.1%。全国具有资质等级的总承包和专业承包建筑业企业利润8554亿元，比上年增长1.3%，其中国有控股企业3620亿元，增长8.0%。

In 2021, the value added of construction enterprises in China was 8,013.8 billion yuan, up by 2.1 percent over the previous year. The profits made by construction enterprises qualified for general contracts and specialized contracts reached 855.4 billion yuan, up by 1.3 percent over the previous year, of which the profits made by state-holding enterprises were 362.0 billion yuan, up by 8.0 percent.

四、服务业

IV. Service Sector

全年批发和零售业增加值110493亿元，比上年增长11.3%；交通运输、仓储和邮政业增加值47061亿元，增长12.1%；住宿和餐饮业增加值17853亿元，增长14.5%；金融业增加值91206亿元，增长4.8%；房地产业增加值77561亿元，增长5.2%；信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业增加值43956亿元，增长17.2%；租赁和商务服务业增加值35350亿元，增长6.2%。全年规模以上服务业企业营业收入比上年增长18.7%，利润总额增长13.4%。

In 2021, the value added of the wholesale and retail trades was 11,049.3 billion yuan, up by 11.3 percent over the previous year; that of transport, storage and post was 4,706.1 billion yuan, up by 12.1 percent; that of hotels and catering services was 1,785.3 billion yuan, up by 14.5 percent; that of financial intermediation was 9,120.6 billion yuan, up by 4.8 percent; that of real estate was 7,756.1 billion yuan, up by 5.2 percent; that of information transmission, software and information technology services was 4,395.6 billion yuan, up by 17.2 percent; and that of leasing and business services was 3,535.0 billion yuan, up by 6.2 percent. In 2021, the business revenue of service enterprises above the designated size grew by 18.7 percent over the previous year, and the operating profits increased by 13.4 percent.

全年货物运输总量[29]530亿吨，货物运输周转量223574亿吨公里。全年港口完成货物吞吐量155亿吨，比上年增长6.8%，其中外贸货物吞吐量47亿吨，增长4.5%。港口集装箱吞吐量28272万标准箱，增长7.0%。

The total freight traffic [29] in 2021 reached 53.0 billion tons. The freight flows were 22,357.4 billion ton-kilometers. The volume of freight handled by ports throughout the year totaled 15.5 billion tons, up by 6.8 percent over the previous year, of which the freight for foreign trade was 4.7 billion tons, up by 4.5 percent. Container shipping of ports reached 282.72 million standard containers, up by 7.0 percent.

全年旅客运输总量83亿人次，比上年下降14.1%。旅客运输周转量19758亿人公里，增长2.6%。

In 2021, the total passenger traffic was 8.3 billion person-times, down by 14.1 percent over 2020, and the passenger flows were 1,975.8 billion person-kilometers, up by 2.6 percent.

年末全国民用汽车保有量30151万辆（包括三轮汽车和低速货车732万辆），比上年末增加2064万辆，其中私人汽车保有量26246万辆，增加1852万辆。民用轿车保有量16739万辆，增加1099万辆，其中私人轿车保有量15732万辆，增加1059万辆。

The total number of motor vehicles for civilian use reached 301.51 million (including 7.32 million tri-wheel motor vehicles and low-speed trucks) by the end of 2021, up by 20.64 million over that at the end of 2020, of which the privately-owned vehicles numbered 262.46 million, an increase of 18.52 million. The total number of cars for civilian use was 167.39 million, an increase of 10.99 million, of which the privately-owned cars numbered 157.32 million, an increase of 10.59 million.

全年完成邮政行业业务总量[30]13698亿元，比上年增长25.1%。邮政业全年完成邮政函件业务10.9亿件，包裹业务0.2亿件，快递业务量1083.0亿件，快递业务收入10332亿元。全年完成电信业务总量[31]16960亿元，比上年增长27.8%。年末移动电话基站数[32]996万个，其中4G基站590万个，5G基站143万个。全国电话用户总数182353万户，其中移动电话用户164283万户。移动电话普及率为116.3部/百人。固定互联网宽带接入用户[33]53579万户，比上年末增加5224万户，其中固定互联网光纤宽带接入用户[34]50551万户，增加5136万户。蜂窝物联网终端用户[35]13.99亿户，增加2.64亿户。互联网上网人数10.32亿人，其中手机上网人数[36]10.29亿人。互联网普及率为73.0%，其中农村地区互联网普及率为57.6%。全年移动互联网用户接入流量2216亿GB，比上年增长33.9%。全年软件和信息技术服务业[37]完成软件业务收入94994亿元，按可比口径计算，比上年增长17.7%。

The turnover of post services [30] totaled 1,369.8 billion yuan, up by 25.1 percent over the previous year. In 2021, the number of mail delivery was 1.09 billion; that of parcel delivery was 20 million; and that of express delivery was 108.30 billion with a revenue reaching 1,033.2 billion yuan. The turnover of telecommunication services [31] totaled 1,696.0 billion yuan, up by 27.8 percent over the previous year. By the end of 2021, there were 9.96 million mobile phone base stations [32], among which the number of 4G base stations reached 5.90 million and that of 5G base stations 1.43 million. In 2021, there were 1,823.53 million phone subscribers in China, of whom 1,642.83 million were mobile phone subscribers. The mobile phone coverage was 116.3 sets per 100 persons. The number of fixed broadband internet users [33] reached 535.79 million, an increase of 52.24 million over the end of the previous year. Of this total, fixed fiber-optic broadband internet users [34] amounted to 505.51 million, an increase of 51.36 million. Users of cellular internet of things terminals [35] totaled 1.399 billion, an increase of 0.264 billion.The number of internet user was 1.032 billion, 1.029 billion of which were mobile internet surfers [36]. The coverage of internet was 73.0 percent, and 57.6 percent in rural areas. The mobile internet traffic in 2021 was 221.6 billion gigabytes, up by 33.9 percent over the previous year. Software revenue of software and information technology services industry [37] in 2021 was 9,499.4 billion yuan, up by 17.7 percent over 2020 on a comparable basis.

五、国内贸易

V. Domestic Trade

全年社会消费品零售总额440823亿元，比上年增长12.5%。按经营地统计，城镇消费品零售额381558亿元，增长12.5%；乡村消费品零售额59265亿元，增长12.1%。按消费类型统计，商品零售额393928亿元，增长11.8%；餐饮收入额46895亿元，增长18.6%。

In 2021, the total retail sales of consumer goods reached 44,082.3 billion yuan, an increase of 12.5 percent over the previous year. An analysis on different areas showed that the retail sales of consumer goods in urban areas stood at 38,155.8 billion yuan, up by 12.5 percent, and that in rural areas reached 5,926.5 billion yuan, up by 12.1 percent. Grouped by consumption patterns, the retail sales of commodities was 39,392.8 billion yuan, up by 11.8 percent, and that of catering industry was 4,689.5 billion yuan, up by 18.6 percent.

全年限额以上单位商品零售额中，粮油、食品类零售额比上年增长10.8%，饮料类增长20.4%，烟酒类增长21.2%，服装、鞋帽、针纺织品类增长12.7%，化妆品类增长14.0%，金银珠宝类增长29.8%，日用品类增长14.4%，家用电器和音像器材类增长10.0%，中西药品类增长9.9%，文化办公用品类增长18.8%，家具类增长14.5%，通讯器材类增长14.6%，建筑及装潢材料类增长20.4%，石油及制品类增长21.2%，汽车类增长7.6%。

Of the total retail sales of commodities by enterprises above the designated size, the retail sales for grain, oil and food went up by 10.8 percent over the previous year; beverage up by 20.4 percent; tobacco and liquor up by 21.2 percent; clothes, shoes, hats and textiles up by 12.7 percent; cosmetics up by 14.0 percent; gold, silver and jewelry up by 29.8 percent; daily necessities up by 14.4 percent; household appliances and audio-video equipment up by 10.0 percent; traditional Chinese and western medicines up by 9.9 percent; cultural and office appliances up by 18.8 percent; furniture up by 14.5 percent; telecommunication equipment up by 14.6 percent; building and decoration materials up by 20.4 percent; petroleum and petroleum products up by 21.2 percent; and motor vehicles up by 7.6 percent.

全年实物商品网上零售额108042亿元，按可比口径计算，比上年增长12.0%，占社会消费品零售总额的比重为24.5%。

In 2021, the online retail sales of physical goods were 10,804.2 billion yuan, up by 12.0 percent over the previous year on a comparable basis, accounting for 24.5 percent of the total retail sales of consumer goods.

六、固定资产投资

VI. Investment in Fixed Assets

全年全社会固定资产投资[38]552884亿元，比上年增长4.9%。固定资产投资（不含农户）544547亿元，增长4.9%。在固定资产投资（不含农户）中，分区域看[39]，东部地区投资增长6.4%，中部地区投资增长10.2%，西部地区投资增长3.9%，东北地区投资增长5.7%。

The total investment in fixed assets [38] of the country in 2021 was 55,288.4 billion yuan, up by 4.9 percent over the previous year. Of the total, the investment in fixed assets (excluding rural households) was 54,454.7 billion yuan, up by 4.9 percent. Of the investment in fixed assets (excluding rural households), by regions [39], the investment in eastern areas was up by 6.4 percent, central areas up by 10.2 percent, western areas up by 3.9 percent, and northeastern areas up by 5.7 percent.

在固定资产投资（不含农户）中，第一产业投资14275亿元，比上年增长9.1%；第二产业投资167395亿元，增长11.3%；第三产业投资362877亿元，增长2.1%。民间固定资产投资[40]307659亿元，增长7.0%。基础设施投资[41]增长0.4%。社会领域投资[42]增长10.7%。

Of the investment in fixed assets (excluding rural households), the investment in the primary industry was 1,427.5 billion yuan, up by 9.1 percent over the previous year; that in the secondary industry was 16,739.5 billion yuan, up by 11.3 percent; and that in the tertiary industry was 36,287.7 billion yuan, up by 2.1 percent. The private investment in fixed assets [40] was 30,765.9 billion yuan, up by 7.0 percent. The investment in infrastructure [41] increased by 0.4 percent. The investment in social sector [42] increased by 10.7 percent.

全年房地产开发投资147602亿元，比上年增长4.4%。其中住宅投资111173亿元，增长6.4%；办公楼投资5974亿元，下降8.0%；商业营业用房投资12445亿元，下降4.8%。年末商品房待售面积51023万平方米，比上年末增加1173万平方米，其中商品住宅待售面积22761万平方米，增加381万平方米。

In 2021, the investment in real estate development was 14,760.2 billion yuan, up by 4.4 percent over the previous year. Of this total, the investment in residential buildings reached 11,117.3 billion yuan, an increase of 6.4 percent, that in office buildings was 597.4 billion yuan, down by 8.0 percent, and that in buildings for commercial business was 1,244.5 billion yuan, down by 4.8 percent. The floor space of the commercial buildings for sale was 510.23 million square meters at the end of 2021, an increase of 11.73 million square meters over that at the end of 2020. The floor space of the commercial residential buildings for sale was 227.61 million square meters, an increase of 3.81 million square meters.

全年全国各类棚户区改造开工165万套，基本建成205万套；全国保障性租赁住房开工建设和筹集94万套。

In 2021, 1.65 million housing units were started to be rebuilt in rundown urban areas nationwide and 2.05 million were basically completed. There were 0.94 million units of government-subsidized rental housing that were started to be built or made available.

七、对外经济

VII. Foreign Economic Relations

全年货物进出口总额391009亿元，比上年增长21.4%。其中，出口217348亿元，增长21.2%；进口173661亿元，增长21.5%。货物进出口顺差43687亿元，比上年增加7344亿元。对“一带一路”[44]沿线国家进出口总额115979亿元，比上年增长23.6%。其中，出口65924亿元，增长21.5%；进口50055亿元，增长26.4%。

The total value of imports and exports of goods in 2021 reached 39,100.9 billion yuan, up by 21.4 percent over that of the previous year. Of this total, the value of goods exported was 21,734.8 billion yuan, up by 21.2 percent; the value of goods imported was 17,366.1 billion yuan, up by 21.5 percent. The surplus of trade in goods reached 4,368.7 billion yuan, up by 734.4 billion yuan over that of the previous year. The total value of imports and exports between China and countries along the Belt and Road [44] was 11,597.9 billion yuan, an increase of 23.6 percent over that of the previous year. Of the total, the value of goods exported was 6,592.4 billion yuan, an increase of 21.5 percent; that of goods imported was 5,005.5 billion yuan, an increase of 26.4 percent.

全年服务进出口总额52983亿元，比上年增长16.1%。其中，服务出口25435亿元，增长31.4%；服务进口27548亿元，增长4.8%。服务进出口逆差2113亿元。

The total value of imports and exports of services in 2021 was 5,298.3 billion yuan, up by 16.1 percent over that of the previous year. The export value of services was 2,543.5 billion yuan, up by 31.4 percent. The import value of services was 2,754.8 billion yuan, up by 4.8 percent. The trade deficit in imports and exports of services was 211.3 billion yuan.

全年外商直接投资（不含银行、证券、保险领域）新设立企业47643家，比上年增长23.5%。实际使用外商直接投资金额11494亿元，增长14.9%，折1735亿美元，增长20.2%。其中“一带一路”沿线国家对华直接投资（含通过部分自由港对华投资）新设立企业5336家，增长24.3%；对华直接投资金额743亿元，增长29.4%，折112亿美元，增长36.0%。全年高技术产业实际使用外资3469亿元，增长17.1%，折522亿美元，增长22.1%。

The year 2021 witnessed the establishment of 47,643 enterprises with foreign direct investment (excluding banking, securities and insurance), up by 23.5 percent over that of the previous year, and the foreign direct investment actually utilized totaled 1,149.4 billion yuan, up by 14.9 percent, or 173.5 billion US dollars, up by 20.2 percent. Specifically, there were 5,336 newly established enterprises receiving direct investment from countries along the Belt and Road (including the investment in China via some free ports), up by 24.3 percent; and foreign capital directly invested in China reached 74.3 billion yuan, up by 29.4 percent, or 11.2 billion US dollars, up by 36.0 percent. In 2021, the foreign investment actually utilized by high technology industry reached 346.9 billion yuan, up by 17.1 percent, or 52.2 billion US dollars, up by 22.1 percent.

全年对外非金融类直接投资额7332亿元，比上年下降3.5%，折1136亿美元，增长3.2%。其中，对“一带一路”沿线国家非金融类直接投资额203亿美元，增长14.1%。

In 2021, the non-financial outbound direct investment reached 733.2 billion yuan, down by 3.5 percent over that of the previous year, or 113.6 billion US dollars, up by 3.2 percent. Of this total, that to countries along the Belt and Road reached 20.3 billion US dollars, up by 14.1 percent.

全年对外承包工程完成营业额9996亿元，比上年下降7.1%，折1549亿美元，下降0.6%。其中，对“一带一路”沿线国家完成营业额897亿美元，下降1.6%，占对外承包工程完成营业额比重为57.9%。对外劳务合作派出各类劳务人员32万人。

In 2021, the accomplished business revenue through contracted overseas engineering projects was 999.6 billion yuan, down by 7.1 percent over that of the previous year, or 154.9 billion US dollars, down by 0.6 percent. Specifically, the accomplished business revenue from countries along the Belt and Road was 89.7 billion US dollars, a decrease of 1.6 percent, accounting for 57.9 percent of the accomplished business revenue through contracted overseas engineering projects. The number of labor forces sent abroad through overseas labor contracts was 320 thousand.

八、财政金融

VIII. Finance and Financial Intermediation

全年全国一般公共预算收入202539亿元，比上年增长10.7%，其中税收收入172731亿元，增长11.9%。全国一般公共预算支出246322亿元，比上年增长0.3%。全年新增减税降费约1.1万亿元。

The national general public budget revenue reached 20,253.9 billion yuan in 2021, up by 10.7 percent over that of the previous year, of which tax revenue amounted to 17,273.1 billion yuan, up by 11.9 percent. The national general public budget expenditure reached 24,632.2 billion yuan, up by 0.3 percent over that of the previous year. The newly added tax and fee cuts in 2021 was around 1.1 trillion yuan.

年末广义货币供应量（M2）余额238.3万亿元，比上年末增长9.0%；狭义货币供应量（M1）余额64.7万亿元，增长3.5%；流通中货币（M0）余额9.1万亿元，增长7.7%。

By the end of 2021, money supply of broad sense  (M2) was 238.3 trillion yuan, an increase of 9.0 percent over that by the end of the previous year. Money supply of narrow sense (M1) was 64.7 trillion yuan, up by 3.5 percent. Cash in circulation (M0)  was 9.1 trillion yuan, up by 7.7 percent.

全年社会融资规模增量[45]31.4万亿元，按可比口径计算，比上年少3.4万亿元。年末社会融资规模存量[46]314.1万亿元，按可比口径计算，比上年末增长10.3%，其中对实体经济发放的人民币贷款余额191.5万亿元，增长11.6%。年末全部金融机构本外币各项存款余额238.6万亿元，比年初增加20.2万亿元，其中人民币各项存款余额232.3万亿元，增加19.7万亿元。全部金融机构本外币各项贷款余额198.5万亿元，增加20.1万亿元，其中人民币各项贷款余额192.7万亿元，增加19.9万亿元。人民币普惠金融贷款[47]余额26.5万亿元，增加5.0万亿元。

In 2021, the aggregate financing to the real economy (AFRE) (flow) [45] reached 31.4 trillion yuan, or 3.4 trillion yuan less than that in 2020 on a comparable basis. The AFRE (stock) [46] totaled 314.1 trillion yuan at the end of 2021, up by 10.3 percent over that at the end of 2020 on a comparable basis. Specifically, loans granted to the real economy in Renminbi stood at 191.5 trillion yuan, up by 11.6 percent. Savings deposit in Renminbi and foreign currencies in all items of financial institutions totaled 238.6 trillion yuan at the end of 2021, an increase of 20.2 trillion yuan compared with that at the beginning of the year. Of this total, the savings deposit in Renminbi stood at 232.3 trillion yuan, an increase of 19.7 trillion yuan. Loans in Renminbi and foreign currencies in all items of financial institutions reached 198.5 trillion yuan, an increase of 20.1 trillion yuan. Of this total, loans in Renminbi were 192.7 trillion yuan, an increase of 19.9 trillion yuan. Inclusive finance loans in Renminbi [47] reached 26.5 trillion yuan, an increase of 5.0 trillion yuan.

年末主要农村金融机构（农村信用社、农村合作银行、农村商业银行）人民币贷款余额242496亿元，比年初增加26607亿元。全部金融机构人民币消费贷款余额548849亿元，增加53181亿元。其中，个人短期消费贷款余额93558亿元，增加6080亿元；个人中长期消费贷款余额455292亿元，增加47101亿元。

Loans in Renminbi from rural financial institutions (rural credit cooperatives, rural cooperation banks and rural commercial banks) totaled 24,249.6 billion yuan by the end of 2021, an increase of 2,660.7 billion yuan as compared with that at the beginning of the year. Loans in Renminbi for consumption use from all financial institutions totaled 54,884.9 billion yuan, an increase of 5,318.1 billion yuan. Of the total, short-term personal loans totaled 9,355.8 billion yuan, an increase of 608.0 billion yuan, and medium- and long-term personal loans reached 45,529.2 billion yuan, an increase of 4,710.1 billion yuan.

全年沪深交易所A股累计筹资[48]16743亿元，比上年增加1326亿元。沪深交易所首次公开发行上市A股481只，筹资5351亿元，比上年增加609亿元，其中科创板股票162只，筹资2029亿元；沪深交易所A股再融资（包括公开增发、定向增发、配股、优先股、可转债转股）11391亿元，增加717亿元。北京证券交易所公开发行股票11只，筹资[49]21亿元。全年各类主体通过沪深交易所发行债券（包括公司债、可转债、可交换债、政策性金融债、地方政府债和企业资产支持证券）筹资86553亿元，比上年增加1776亿元。全国中小企业股份转让系统[50]挂牌公司6932家，全年挂牌公司累计股票筹资260亿元。

Funds raised through A-shares issued on Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges [48] amounted to 1,674.3 billion yuan in 2021, an increase of 132.6 billion yuan from the previous year. 481 A-shares were newly issued on Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges, raising 535.1 billion yuan worth of capital altogether, up by 60.9 billion yuan over that of the previous year. Of the total, 162 shares were from the science and technology innovation board, raising 202.9 billion yuan; refinancing of A-shares on Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges (including public newly issued, targeted placement, right issued, preferred stock and exchanged convertible bonds) raised 1,139.1 billion yuan, an increase of 71.7 billion yuan over that of the previous year. 11 shares were publicly issued on Beijing Stock Exchanges, raising [49] 2.1 billion yuan. Various types of market entities financed 8,655.3 billion yuan through issuing bonds (including corporate bonds, convertible bonds, exchangeable bonds, financial bonds issued by policy banks, local government bonds and asset-backed securities) on Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges, up by 177.6 billion yuan over that of the previous year. There were 6,932 companies listed on National Equities Exchange and Quotations [50] and funds raised by listed companies reached 26.0 billion yuan in 2021.

全年发行公司信用类债券[51]14.7万亿元，比上年增加0.5万亿元。

In 2021, the issuance of corporate credit bonds [51] reached 14.7 trillion yuan, an increase of 0.5 trillion yuan over that of the previous year.

全年保险公司原保险保费收入[52]44900亿元，按可比口径计算，比上年增长4.0%。其中，寿险业务原保险保费收入23572亿元，健康险和意外伤害险业务原保险保费收入9657亿元，财产险业务原保险保费收入11671亿元。支付各类赔款及给付15609亿元。其中，寿险业务给付3540亿元，健康险和意外伤害险业务赔款及给付4381亿元，财产险业务赔款7687亿元。

The premium of primary insurance received by the insurance companies [52] totaled 4,490.0 billion yuan in 2021, up by 4.0 percent over that of the previous year on a comparable basis. Of this total, life insurance premium of primary insurance amounted to 2,357.2 billion yuan, health and casualty insurance premium of primary insurance 965.7 billion yuan, and property insurance premium of primary insurance 1,167.1 billion yuan. Insurance companies paid an indemnity worth of 1,560.9 billion yuan, of which life insurance indemnity was 354.0 billion yuan, health and casualty insurance indemnity 438.1 billion yuan, and property insurance indemnity 768.7 billion yuan.

九、居民收入消费和社会保障

IX. Households Income and Consumption and Social Security

全年全国居民人均可支配收入35128元，比上年增长9.1%，扣除价格因素，实际增长8.1%。全国居民人均可支配收入中位数[53]29975元，增长8.8%。按常住地分，城镇居民人均可支配收入47412元，比上年增长8.2%，扣除价格因素，实际增长7.1%。城镇居民人均可支配收入中位数43504元，增长7.7%。农村居民人均可支配收入18931元，比上年增长10.5%，扣除价格因素，实际增长9.7%。农村居民人均可支配收入中位数16902元，增长11.2%。城乡居民人均可支配收入比值为2.50，比上年缩小0.06。按全国居民五等份收入分组[54]，低收入组人均可支配收入8333元，中间偏下收入组人均可支配收入18445元，中间收入组人均可支配收入29053元，中间偏上收入组人均可支配收入44949元，高收入组人均可支配收入85836元。全国农民工人均月收入4432元，比上年增长8.8%。全年脱贫县[55]农村居民人均可支配收入14051元，比上年增长11.6%，扣除价格因素，实际增长10.8%。

In 2021, the per capita disposable income nationwide was 35,128 yuan, an increase of 9.1 percent over that of the previous year or a real increase of 8.1 percent after deducting price factors. The median [53] of per capita disposable income nationwide was 29,975 yuan, up by 8.8 percent. In terms of usual residence, the per capita disposable income of urban households was 47,412 yuan, up by 8.2 percent over that of 2020, or a real growth of 7.1 percent after deducting price factors. The median of per capita disposable income of urban households was 43,504 yuan, up by 7.7 percent. The per capita disposable income of rural households was 18,931 yuan, up by 10.5 percent over that of the previous year, or 9.7 percent in real terms after deducting price factors. The median of per capita disposable income of rural households was 16,902 yuan, up by 11.2 percent. The urban-rural per capita disposable income ratio was 2.50, narrowed by 0.06 over that of the previous year. Grouped by income quintile [54], the per capita disposable income of low-income group reached 8,333 yuan, the lower-middle-income group 18,445 yuan, the middle-income group 29,053 yuan, the upper-middle-income group 44,949 yuan and the high-income group 85,836 yuan. The per capita monthly income of migrant workers was 4,432 yuan, increased by 8.8 percent over that of the previous year. In 2021, the per capita disposable income of rural households from counties lifted out of poverty [55] was 14,051 yuan, up by 11.6 percent over that of 2020, or a real growth of 10.8 percent after deducting price factors.

全年全国居民人均消费支出24100元，比上年增长13.6%，扣除价格因素，实际增长12.6%。其中，人均服务性消费支出[56]10645元，比上年增长17.8%，占居民人均消费支出的比重为44.2%。按常住地分，城镇居民人均消费支出30307元，增长12.2%，扣除价格因素，实际增长11.1%；农村居民人均消费支出15916元，增长16.1%，扣除价格因素，实际增长15.3%。全国居民恩格尔系数为29.8%，其中城镇为28.6%，农村为32.7%。

The national per capita consumption expenditure was 24,100 yuan, up by 13.6 percent over that of the previous year, or a real increase of 12.6 percent after deducting price factors. Specifically, the per capita consumption expenditure on services [56] totaled 10,645 yuan, up by 17.8 percent over that of the previous year, accounting for 44.2 percent of the per capita consumption expenditure. In terms of usual residence, the per capita consumption expenditure of urban households was 30,307 yuan, up by 12.2 percent, or 11.1 percent in real terms after deducting price factors. The per capita consumption expenditure of rural households was 15,916 yuan, up by 16.1 percent, or a real increase of 15.3 percent after deducting price factors. The national Engel’s Coefficient stood at 29.8 percent, with that of urban and rural households standing at 28.6 percent and 32.7 percent respectively.

年末全国参加城镇职工基本养老保险人数48075万人，比上年末增加2454万人。参加城乡居民基本养老保险人数54797万人，增加554万人。参加基本医疗保险人数136424万人，增加293万人。其中，参加职工基本医疗保险人数35422万人，增加967万人；参加城乡居民基本医疗保险人数101002万人。参加失业保险人数22958万人，增加1268万人。年末全国领取失业保险金人数259万人。参加工伤保险人数28284万人，增加1521万人，其中参加工伤保险的农民工9086万人，增加152万人。参加生育保险人数23851万人，增加283万人。年末全国共有738万人享受城市最低生活保障，3474万人享受农村最低生活保障，438万人享受农村特困人员[57]救助供养，全年临时救助[58]1089万人次。全年国家抚恤、补助退役军人和其他优抚对象817万人。

By the end of 2021, a total of 480.75 million people participated in basic endowment insurance program for urban workers, an increase of 24.54 million over that by the end of 2020. A total of 547.97 million people participated in basic endowment insurance program for urban and rural residents, an increase of 5.54 million. A total of 1,364.24 million people participated in basic medical insurance program, an increase of 2.93 million. Of this total, 354.22 million people participated in the program for workers, an increase of 9.67 million, and 1,010.02 million people participated in the program for urban and rural residents. A total of 229.58 million people participated in unemployment insurance program, an increase of 12.68 million. The number of people receiving unemployment insurance payment stood at 2.59 million by the end of 2021. A total of 282.84 million people participated in work-related injury insurance, an increase of 15.21 million, of which 90.86 million were migrant workers, an increase of 1.52 million. A total of 238.51 million people participated in maternity insurance programs, an increase of 2.83 million. By the end of 2021, minimum living allowances were granted to 7.38 million urban residents and 34.74 million rural residents, and 4.38 million rural residents living in extreme poverty [57] received relief and assistance and 10.89 million people received temporary assistance [58]. National subsidies and allowances were provided to 8.17 million veterans and other entitled people in 2021.

年末全国共有各类提供住宿的民政服务机构4.3万个，其中养老机构4.0万个，儿童福利和救助保护机构801个。民政服务床位[59]840.2万张，其中养老服务床位813.5万张，儿童福利和救助保护机构床位9.6万张。年末共有社区服务中心2.9万个，社区服务站47.2万个。

By the end of 2021, there were altogether 43 thousand social welfare institutions providing accommodation, of which 40 thousand were elderly care institutions and 801 were institutions for child welfare, assistance and protection. The social welfare institutions provided 8.402 million beds [59], of which 8.135 million were for the elderly and 96 thousand were for children. By the end of 2021, there were 29 thousand community service centers and 472 thousand community service stations.

十、科学技术和教育

X. Science & Technology and Education

全年研究与试验发展（R&D）经费支出27864亿元，比上年增长14.2%，与国内生产总值之比为2.44%，其中基础研究经费1696亿元。国家自然科学基金共资助4.87万个项目。截至年末，正在运行的国家重点实验室533个，纳入新序列管理的国家工程研究中心191个，国家企业技术中心1636家，大众创业万众创新示范基地212家。国家科技成果转化引导基金累计设立36支子基金，资金总规模624亿元。国家级科技企业孵化器[60]1287家，国家备案众创空间[61]2551家。全年授予专利权460.1万件，比上年增长26.4%；PCT专利申请受理量[62]7.3万件。截至年末，有效专利1542.1万件，其中境内有效发明专利270.4万件。每万人口高价值发明专利拥有量[63]7.5件。全年商标注册773.9万件，比上年增长34.3%。全年共签订技术合同67万项，技术合同成交金额37294亿元，比上年增长32.0%。

Expenditures on research and experimental development activities (R&D) were worth 2,786.4 billion yuan in 2021, up by 14.2 percent over that of 2020, accounting for 2.44 percent of GDP. Of this total, 169.6 billion yuan was used for basic research programs. A total of 48,700 projects were financed by the National Natural Science Foundation. By the end of 2021, there were altogether 533 state key laboratories in operation, 191 national engineering research centers under the new sequence management, 1,636 state-level enterprise technology centers and 212 demonstration centers for business startups and innovation. The National Fund for Technology Transfer and Commercialization established 36 sub-funds, with the total funds reaching 62.4 billion yuan. There were 1,287 state-level technology business incubators [60], and 2,551 national mass makerspaces [61]. A total of 4,601 thousand patents were authorized, up by 26.4 percent over that of the previous year. The number of PCT patent applications accepted [62] was 73 thousand. By the end of 2021, the number of valid patents was 15,421 thousand, of which 2,704 thousand were domestic valid invention patents. The number of high-value invention patents per 10,000 people [63] was 7.5. Trademark registration totaled 7,739 thousand, up by 34.3 percent over that of the previous year. A total of 670 thousand technology transfer contracts were signed, representing 3,729.4 billion yuan in value, up by 32.0 percent over that of the previous year.

全年成功完成52次宇航发射。天问一号探测器成功着陆火星，祝融号火星车驶上火星表面。天和核心舱发射成功，神舟十二号、神舟十三号等任务相继实施，中国人首次进入自己的空间站。羲和号探日卫星成功发射运行。祖冲之二号、九章二号成功研制，我国在超导量子和光量子两种物理体系上实现量子计算优越性。海斗一号全海深无人潜水器打破多项世界纪录。华龙一号自主三代核电机组投入商业运行。

The year 2021 saw a total of 52 successful space launches. Tianwen-1 probe successfully landed on Mars and Zhurong Mars rover reached the Mars surface. Chinese entered their own space station for the first time by the successful launch of the core module Tianhe and the accomplishment of missions including launches of Shenzhou-12 and Shenzhou-13. The solar observation satellite Xihe was successfully launched. With the successful development of Zuchongzhi 2.1 and Jiuzhang 2.0, China has achieved a quantum computational advantage in two mainstream technical routes of superconducting quantum and photonics quantum. The deep-sea unmanned submersible Haidou-1 broke a number of world records. Hualong-1 nuclear reactor using domestically-designed third-generation nuclear power technology was put into commercial operation.

年末全国共有国家质检中心869家。全国现有产品质量、体系和服务认证机构932个，累计完成对87万家企业的认证。全年制定、修订国家标准2815项，其中新制定1900项。全年制造业产品质量合格率[64]为93.08%。

By the end of 2021, there were altogether 869 national quality inspection centers. There were 932 agencies for product quality and management system and service certification, accumulatively 870,000 enterprises were certified. A total of 2,815 national standards were developed or revised in the year, including 1,900 new standards. The qualification rate of manufactured products [64] reached 93.08 percent.

全年研究生教育招生117.7万人，在学研究生333.2万人，毕业生77.3万人。普通、职业本专科[65]招生1001.3万人，在校生3496.1万人，毕业生826.5万人。中等职业教育[66]招生656.2万人，在校生1738.5万人，毕业生484.1万人。普通高中招生905.0万人，在校生2605.0万人，毕业生780.2万人。初中招生1705.4万人，在校生5018.4万人，毕业生1587.1万人。普通小学招生1782.6万人，在校生10779.9万人，毕业生1718.0万人。特殊教育招生14.9万人，在校生92.0万人，毕业生14.6万人。学前教育在园幼儿4805.2万人。九年义务教育巩固率为95.4%，高中阶段毛入学率为91.4%。

In 2021, graduate institutes enrolled 3.332 million students with 1.177 million new students and 0.773 million graduates. Total enrollment in undergraduate programs in regular and vocational higher education institutes [65] was 34.961 million students with 10.013 million new students and 8.265 million graduates. The enrollment in secondary vocational education [66] was 17.385 million, including 6.562 million new entrants, and 4.841 million graduates. Regular senior secondary schools had 26.050 million enrolled students, including 9.050 million new entrants, and 7.802 million graduates. Students enrolled in junior secondary schools totaled 50.184 million, including 17.054 million new entrants, and 15.871 million graduates. The country had a primary education enrollment of 107.799 million students, including 17.826 million new entrants, and 17.180 million graduates. There were 0.920 million students enrolled in special education schools, with 0.149 million new entrants and 0.146 million graduates. Kindergartens accommodated 48.052 million children. The number of students graduating from compulsory education reached 95.4 percent of the total enrollment, and the gross enrollment ratio for senior secondary education reached 91.4 percent.

十一、文化旅游、卫生健康和体育

XI. Culture and Tourism, Public Health and Sports

年末全国文化和旅游系统共有艺术表演团体2044个，博物馆3671个。全国共有公共图书馆3217个，总流通[67]72898万人次；文化馆3317个。有线电视实际用户2.01亿户，其中有线数字电视实际用户1.95亿户。年末广播节目综合人口覆盖率为99.5%，电视节目综合人口覆盖率为99.7%。全年生产电视剧194部6736集，电视动画片78372分钟。全年生产故事影片565部，科教、纪录、动画和特种影片[68]175部。出版各类报纸276亿份，各类期刊20亿册，图书110亿册（张），人均图书拥有量[69]7.76册（张）。年末全国共有档案馆4233个，已开放各类档案18931万卷（件）。全年全国规模以上文化及相关产业企业营业收入119064亿元，按可比口径计算，比上年增长16.0%。

By the end of 2021, there were 2,044 art-performing groups and 3,671 museums in the culture and tourism system throughout China. A total of 3,217 public libraries received [67] 728.98 million people. There were 3,317 cultural centers. Subscribers to cable television programs numbered 201 million, among which 195 million subscribed to digital cable television programs. By the end of 2021, radio broadcasting and television broadcasting coverage rates were 99.5 percent and 99.7 percent respectively. A total of 6,736 episodes of 194 TV series and 78,372 minutes of TV cartoons were made in 2021. The country produced 565 feature movies and 175 popular science movies, documentaries, animation and special movies [68]. A total of 27.6 billion copies of newspapers and 2.0 billion copies of magazines were issued, and 11.0 billion copies of books were published. The average number of books possessed per person [69] was 7.76 copies. By the end of the year, there were 4,233 archives in China and 189.31 million files were made accessible to the public. The business revenue of enterprises above the designated size engaged in culture and related industries reached 11,906.4 billion yuan, up by 16.0 percent over that of the previous year on a comparable basis.

全年国内游客32.5亿人次，比上年增长12.8%。其中，城镇居民游客23.4亿人次，增长13.4%；农村居民游客9.0亿人次，增长11.1%。国内旅游收入29191亿元，增长31.0%。其中，城镇居民游客花费23644亿元，增长31.6%；农村居民游客花费5547亿元，增长28.4%。

The year 2021 registered 3.25 billion domestic tourists, up by 12.8 percent over that of the previous year. Of this total, there were 2.34 billion tourists from urban areas, an increase of 13.4 percent; and 900 million tourists from rural areas, an increase of 11.1 percent. Domestic tourism revenue was 2,919.1 billion yuan, up by 31.0 percent. Of this total, tourists from urban areas spent 2,364.4 billion yuan, up by 31.6 percent; and tourists from rural areas spent 554.7 billion yuan, up by 28.4 percent.

年末全国共有医疗卫生机构103.1万个，其中医院3.7万个，在医院中有公立医院1.2万个，民营医院2.5万个；基层医疗卫生机构97.7万个，其中乡镇卫生院3.5万个，社区卫生服务中心（站）3.6万个，门诊部（所）30.7万个，村卫生室59.9万个；专业公共卫生机构1.3万个，其中疾病预防控制中心3380个，卫生监督所（中心）2790个。年末卫生技术人员1123万人，其中执业医师和执业助理医师427万人，注册护士502万人。医疗卫生机构床位957万张，其中医院748万张，乡镇卫生院144万张。全年总诊疗人次[70]85.3亿人次，出院人数[71]2.4亿人。截至年末，全国累计报告新型冠状病毒肺炎确诊病例102314例，累计治愈出院病例94792例，累计死亡4636人。全国累计报告接种新型冠状病毒疫苗283533万剂次。全国共有11937家医疗卫生机构提供新型冠状病毒核酸检测服务，总检测能力达到4168万份/天。

By the end of 2021, there were 1,031,000 medical and health institutions in China, including 37,000 hospitals. Of all the hospitals, 12,000 were public, and 25,000 were private. Of the 977,000 medical and health institutions at grass-root level, there were 35,000 town and township health centers, 36,000 community health service centers, 307,000 clinics and 599,000 village clinics. Of the 13,000 professional public health institutions, 3,380 were disease control and prevention centers and 2,790 were health monitoring institutions. By the end of 2021, there were 11.23 million medical technical personnel in China, including 4.27 million licensed doctors and licensed assistant doctors and 5.02 million registered nurses. The medical and health institutions in China possessed 9.57 million beds, of which hospitals possessed 7.48 million and township health centers had 1.44 million. The total number of medical visits [70] and hospital discharges [71] in 2021 reached 8.53 billion and 240 million respectively. By the end of 2021, a total of 102,314 confirmed cases of COVID-19 had been reported nationwide, 94,792 infected had been cured and discharged from hospital, and 4,636 people died. A total of 2,835.33 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines have been administered nationwide. A total of 11,937 medical and health institutions across the country provided nucleic acid testing services, with daily nucleic acid testing capacity reached 41.68 million.

年末全国共有体育场地[72]397.1万个，体育场地面积[73]34.1亿平方米，人均体育场地面积2.41平方米。全年我国运动员在16个运动大项中获得67个世界冠军，共创12项世界纪录。在第32届奥运会上，我国运动员共获得38枚金牌，奖牌总数88枚，位列奥运会金牌榜和奖牌榜第二位。全年我国残疾人运动员在5项国际赛事中获得110个世界冠军。在第16届残奥会上，我国运动员共获得96枚金牌，奖牌总数207枚，第五次蝉联金牌榜和奖牌榜第一位。

There were altogether 3.971 million sports venues [72]. The sports venue area [73] totaled 3.41 billion square meters and the per capita sports venue area was 2.41 square meters. In 2021, Chinese athletes won 67 world championships in 16 sports events and broke 12 world records. At the 32nd Olympic Games, Chinese athletes won 38 gold medals and a total of 88 medals, ranking the second in the Olympic gold medal tally and overall medal count. Chinese physically-challenged athletes won 110 world championships in 5 international sports competitions. At the 16th Paralympic Games, Chinese athletes won 96 gold medals and a total of 207 medals, topped the gold medal tally and overall medal count for the fifth consecutive time.

十二、资源、环境和应急管理

XII. Resources, Environment and Emergency Management

全年全国国有建设用地供应总量[74]69.0万公顷，比上年增长4.8%。其中，工矿仓储用地17.5万公顷，增长4.9%；房地产用地[75]13.6万公顷，减少12.2%；基础设施用地37.9万公顷，增长12.7%。

In 2021, the total supply of state-owned land for construction use [74] was 690 thousand hectares, an increase of 4.8 percent over that of the previous year. Of this total, the land supply for industry, mining and warehousing was 175 thousand hectares, up by 4.9 percent; that for real estate [75] was 136 thousand hectares, down by 12.2 percent; and that for infrastructure facilities was 379 thousand hectares, up by 12.7 percent.

全年水资源总量29520亿立方米。全年总用水量5921亿立方米，比上年增长1.9%。其中，生活用水增长5.3%，工业用水增长2.0%，农业用水增长0.9%，人工生态环境补水增长2.9%。万元国内生产总值用水量[76]54立方米，下降5.8%。万元工业增加值用水量31立方米，下降7.0%。人均用水量419立方米，增长1.8%。

The total stock of water resources in 2021 was 2,952.0 billion cubic meters. With an increase of 1.9 percent over 2020, the total water consumption reached 592.1 billion cubic meters, of which water consumption for living purposes up by 5.3 percent, for industrial use up by 2.0 percent, for agricultural use up by 0.9 percent, and artificial recharge for environmental and ecological use grew by 2.9 percent. Water consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP [76] was 54 cubic meters, a decline of 5.8 percent over that of the previous year. Water consumption per 10,000 yuan of industrial value added was 31 cubic meters, down by 7.0 percent. Per capita water consumption was 419 cubic meters, up by 1.8 percent over that of the previous year.

全年完成造林面积360万公顷，其中人工造林面积134万公顷，占全部造林面积的37.1%。种草改良面积[77]307万公顷。截至年末，国家级自然保护区474个，国家公园5个。新增水土流失治理面积6.2万平方公里。

In 2021, the total area of afforestation reached 3.60 million hectares, of which 1.34 million hectares were afforested by manpower, accounting for 37.1 percent of the total. The land area improved by grass plantation [77] was 3.07 million hectares. By the end of 2021, there were 474 national natural reserves and 5 national parks. A total of 62 thousand square kilometers of land have been saved from soil erosion.

初步核算，全年能源消费总量52.4亿吨标准煤，比上年增长5.2%。煤炭消费量增长4.6%，原油消费量增长4.1%，天然气消费量增长12.5%，电力消费量增长10.3%。煤炭消费量占能源消费总量的56.0%，比上年下降0.9个百分点；天然气、水电、核电、风电、太阳能发电等清洁能源消费量占能源消费总量的25.5%，上升1.2个百分点。重点耗能工业企业单位电石综合能耗下降5.3%，单位合成氨综合能耗与上年持平，吨钢综合能耗下降0.4%，单位电解铝综合能耗下降2.1%，每千瓦时火力发电标准煤耗下降0.5%。全国万元国内生产总值二氧化碳排放[78]下降3.8%。

Preliminary estimation indicated that the total energy consumption in 2021 amounted to 5.24 billion tons of standard coal equivalent, up by 5.2 percent over that of 2020. The consumption of coal increased by 4.6 percent; crude oil, up by 4.1 percent; natural gas, up by 12.5 percent; and electric power, up by 10.3 percent. The consumption of coal accounted for 56.0 percent of the total energy consumption, 0.9 percentage point lower than that of 2020, while clean energy consumption, such as natural gas, hydropower, nuclear power, wind power and solar power accounted for 25.5 percent, 1.2 percentage points higher. The comprehensive energy consumption per unit calcium carbide by key energy-intensive industrial enterprises went down by 5.3 percent, per unit synthetic ammonia was the same as that of last year, per ton steel down by 0.4 percent and per unit electrolytic aluminium down by 2.1 percent. The standard coal consumption per kilowatt-hour of thermal power generation decreased by 0.5 percent. The carbon dioxide emission per 10,000 yuan worth of GDP [78] was cut by 3.8 percent.

全年近岸海域海水水质[79]达到国家一、二类海水水质标准的面积占81.3%，三类海水占5.2%，四类、劣四类海水占13.5%。

Area of offshore oceanic water [79] met the national quality standard Grade I and II accounted for 81.3 percent; that met Grade III standard 5.2 percent; and water of Grade IV or inferior quality 13.5 percent.

在开展城市区域声环境监测的324个城市中，全年昼间声环境质量好的城市占4.9%，较好的占61.7%，一般的占31.5%，较差的占1.9%。

Of the 324 cities subject to urban regional daytime acoustic environment monitoring, 4.9 percent enjoyed excellent environment, 61.7 percent had good environment, 31.5 percent had average environment, and 1.9 percent had poor environment in 2021.

全年平均气温为10.53℃，比上年上升0.28℃。共有5个台风登陆。

The average temperature in 2021 was 10.53℃, up by 0.28℃ compared with that of the previous year. Typhoons hit China 5 times in 2021.

全年农作物受灾面积1174万公顷，其中绝收163万公顷。全年因洪涝和地质灾害造成直接经济损失2477亿元，因干旱灾害造成直接经济损失201亿元，因低温冷冻和雪灾造成直接经济损失133亿元，因海洋灾害造成直接经济损失30亿元。全年大陆地区共发生5.0级以上地震20次，造成直接经济损失107亿元。全年共发生森林火灾616起，受害森林面积约0.4万公顷。

In 2021, natural disasters hit 11.74 million hectares of crops, of which 1.63 million hectares of crops were demolished. Flood, waterlogging and geological disasters caused a direct economic loss of 247.7 billion yuan. Droughts caused a direct economic loss of 20.1 billion yuan. Disasters caused by low temperature, frost and snow made a total direct economic loss of 13.3 billion yuan. Oceanic disasters caused a direct economic loss of 3.0 billion yuan. The country recorded 20 earthquakes with magnitude 5.0 and over, causing a direct economic loss about 10.7 billion yuan. The year 2021 witnessed 616 forest fires, with 4 thousand hectares of forests damaged.

全年各类生产安全事故共死亡26307人。工矿商贸企业就业人员10万人生产安全事故死亡人数1.374人，比上年上升5.6%；煤矿百万吨死亡人数0.045人，下降23.7%。道路交通事故万车死亡人数1.57人，下降5.4%。

The death toll due to work accidents amounted to 26,307 people. Work accidents in industrial, mining and commercial companies caused 1.374 deaths out of every 100 thousand employees, up by 5.6 percent over that of 2020. The death toll for one million tons of coal produced in coalmines was 0.045 people, down by 23.7 percent. The road traffic death toll per 10 thousand vehicles was 1.57 people, down by 5.4 percent.

本文来源：外交部

*本网站基于服务并方便广大英语和翻译类同学学习，本着英语信息共享交流学习，如果本站部分内容侵犯了您的版权，敬请联系我们，我们将在第一时间删除相关资料。谢谢！

如果你阅读完本文有所收获，

那就关注公众号“高斋CATTI"吧！最后再送大家个福利！

（270页）高斋外刊双语精读笔记汇总版（考研精读笔记，PDF） 

34套历年CATTI三笔二笔一笔实务真题（PDF）

17年-21年政府工作报告中英对照（已划重点）

（300页）超全的CATTI普及贴与备考资料汇总

（60页）高斋100句政府报告易错翻译批改解析

加微信gaozhai18（扫下图二维码），备注「CATTI」就可以领取