双语： 2030年前碳达峰行动方案

《2030年前碳达峰行动方案》全文英语翻译

2030年前碳达峰行动方案

Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking Before 2030

为深入贯彻落实党中央、国务院关于碳达峰、碳中和的重大战略决策，扎实推进碳达峰行动，制定本方案。

This Action Plan is formulated to advance actions on carbon dioxide peaking in further implementing the major strategic decisions by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the State Council to peak carbon dioxide emissions and achieve carbon neutrality.

一、总体要求

I. General Guidance

（一）指导思想。以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻党的十九大和十九届二中、三中、四中、五中全会精神，深入贯彻习近平生态文明思想，立足新发展阶段，完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念，构建新发展格局，坚持系统观念，处理好发展和减排、整体和局部、短期和中长期的关系，统筹稳增长和调结构，把碳达峰、碳中和纳入经济社会发展全局，坚持“全国统筹、节约优先、双轮驱动、内外畅通、防范风险”的总方针，有力有序有效做好碳达峰工作，明确各地区、各领域、各行业目标任务，加快实现生产生活方式绿色变革，推动经济社会发展建立在资源高效利用和绿色低碳发展的基础之上，确保如期实现2030年前碳达峰目标。

1. Guiding Principles

We must follow the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, fully implement the guiding principles from the 19th CPC National Congress and the second through fifth plenary sessions of the 19th CPC Central Committee, and thoroughly apply Xi Jinping’s thought on ecological civilization. We need to ground our work in the new stage of development, apply the new development philosophy, and foster a new pattern of development. Through the application of systematic thinking, we will strike a balance between development and emissions reduction, between overall and local imperatives, and between short-term and longer-term considerations, and coordinated efforts in terms of maintaining steady growth and restructuring. Endeavors to peak carbon dioxide emissions and achieve carbon neutrality must be incorporated into the overall economic and social development framework. We need to stick to the overarching principles of exercising nationwide planning, prioritizing conservation, leveraging the strengths of the government and the market, coordinating efforts on the domestic and international fronts, and guarding against risks. Work related to peaking carbon dioxide emissions must carry out in a vigorous, orderly and effective manner by setting explicit targets and tasks for different regions, fields and industries. We need to accelerate the shift to more environmentally friendly living patterns and modes of production, base economic and social development upon highly efficient utilization of resources and green and low-carbon growth and ensure that the goal of carbon dioxide peaking before 2030 is achieved.

（二）工作原则。

2. Working Guidelines

——总体部署、分类施策。坚持全国一盘棋，强化顶层设计和各方统筹。各地区、各领域、各行业因地制宜、分类施策，明确既符合自身实际又满足总体要求的目标任务。

Planning from an overall perspective and implementing tailored policies. We will take a whole-of-nation approach, bolstering top-level design and coordination on all sides. In all regions, fields, and industries, we will implement tailored policies, and set targets and tasks in a manner that both fits individual realities and satisfies overall requirements.

——系统推进、重点突破。全面准确认识碳达峰行动对经济社会发展的深远影响，加强政策的系统性、协同性。抓住主要矛盾和矛盾的主要方面，推动重点领域、重点行业和有条件的地方率先达峰。

Employing a systematic approach and pushing for key breakthroughs. We will maintain a comprehensive and precise understanding of the carbon dioxide peaking action’s far-reaching effects on economic and social development, and make policies more systematic and coordinated. We will devote our attention to the main problems and the main aspects of these problems, and encourage key fields and key industries as well as regions with the favorable conditions to take the lead in reaching peak emissions.

——双轮驱动、两手发力。更好发挥政府作用，构建新型举国体制，充分发挥市场机制作用，大力推进绿色低碳科技创新，深化能源和相关领域改革，形成有效激励约束机制。

Leveraging the strengths of the government and the market. We will give better play to the role of the government by building a new system for mobilizing the nation, and give full play to the role of the market. We will vigorously promote innovation in green and low-carbon science and technology, deepen institutional reform in energy and other relevant fields, and develop effective incentive and constraint mechanisms.

——稳妥有序、安全降碳。立足我国富煤贫油少气的能源资源禀赋，坚持先立后破，稳住存量，拓展增量，以保障国家能源安全和经济发展为底线，争取时间实现新能源的逐渐替代，推动能源低碳转型平稳过渡，切实保障国家能源安全、产业链供应链安全、粮食安全和群众正常生产生活，着力化解各类风险隐患，防止过度反应，稳妥有序、循序渐进推进碳达峰行动，确保安全降碳。

Working in a steady and orderly manner to safely reduce carbon emissions. Based on China’s energy resource conditions of rich in coal but poor in oil and gas, we must insist construction before destruction, stabilize energy stock and expand energy increment. We must keep national energy security and economic development as the bottom line, strive for time to realize the gradual replacement of new energy, and promote the smooth transition of energy low-carbon transformation. We will take concrete steps to safeguard China’s energy security, food security, and the security of industrial and supply chains and to keep ordinary citizens living and working as normal. As we advance the carbon dioxide peaking initiatives through a steady, step-by-step approach, we will put concentrated effort into addressing various potential risks and hazards and avoid excessive side effects, thus ensuring a safe reduction of carbon emissions.

二、主要目标

II. Main Objectives

“十四五”期间，产业结构和能源结构调整优化取得明显进展，重点行业能源利用效率大幅提升，煤炭消费增长得到严格控制，新型电力系统加快构建，绿色低碳技术研发和推广应用取得新进展，绿色生产生活方式得到普遍推行，有利于绿色低碳循环发展的政策体系进一步完善。到2025年，非化石能源消费比重达到20%左右，单位国内生产总值能源消耗比2020年下降13.5%，单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放比2020年下降18%，为实现碳达峰奠定坚实基础。

Over the 14th Five-Year Plan period, notable progress will be made in adjustment and optimization of the industrial structure and the energy mix. Energy efficiency will be largely improved in key industries, strict controls will be placed upon coal consumption growth, construction of new electric power systems based upon new energy resources will speed up, new progress will be made in the R&D and broad application of green and low-carbon technologies, environment-friendly production modes and living patterns will become widespread, and further improvement will be made in the policy framework for green, low-carbon and circular development. By 2025, the share of non-fossil fuels in total energy consumption will reach around 20%, while energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will drop by 13.5% and 18%, respectively, compared with 2020 levels, laying a solid foundation for carbon dioxide peaking.

“十五五”期间，产业结构调整取得重大进展，清洁低碳安全高效的能源体系初步建立，重点领域低碳发展模式基本形成，重点耗能行业能源利用效率达到国际先进水平，非化石能源消费比重进一步提高，煤炭消费逐步减少，绿色低碳技术取得关键突破，绿色生活方式成为公众自觉选择，绿色低碳循环发展政策体系基本健全。到2030年，非化石能源消费比重达到25%左右，单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降65%以上，顺利实现2030年前碳达峰目标。

During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, major progress will be made in adjustment of the industrial structure, a clean, safe, efficient and low-carbon energy system will be preliminary established, low-carbon development models will have largely taken shape in key fields, energy efficiency among China’s key energy consumption industries will reach advanced international standards, non-fossil fuels will account for a larger share of energy consumption, coal consumption will gradually fall, crucial breakthroughs will be made in green and low-carbon technology, the public will opt for environment-friendly living patterns, and formulation of the policy framework for green, low-carbon and circular development will be mostly complete. By 2030, the share of non-fossil energy consumption will reach around 25%, and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will have dropped by more than 65% compared with the 2005 level, successfully achieving carbon dioxide peaking before 2030.

三、重点任务

III. Key Tasks

将碳达峰贯穿于经济社会发展全过程和各方面，重点实施能源绿色低碳转型行动、节能降碳增效行动、工业领域碳达峰行动、城乡建设碳达峰行动、交通运输绿色低碳行动、循环经济助力降碳行动、绿色低碳科技创新行动、碳汇能力巩固提升行动、绿色低碳全民行动、各地区梯次有序碳达峰行动等“碳达峰十大行动”。

We will see that the goal to peak carbon dioxide emissions permeates the whole process and every aspect of economic and social development. Particular focus will be placed on implementation of ten major peaking carbon dioxide emissions actions, which are the action for green and low-carbon energy transition, the action for energy saving, carbon emission mitigation and efficiency improvement, the action for peaking carbon dioxide emissions in industry sector, the action for peaking carbon dioxide emissions in urban-rural development area, the action for promoting green and low-carbon transportation, the action for promoting circular economy in carbon mitigation purpose, the action for advancing green and low-carbon technology innovation, the action for consolidating and enhancing carbon sink, the action for green and low-carbon society, the action for promoting all regions peaking carbon dioxide emissions hierarchically and orderly.

（一）能源绿色低碳转型行动。

1. The action for green and low-carbon energy transition

能源是经济社会发展的重要物质基础，也是碳排放的最主要来源。要坚持安全降碳，在保障能源安全的前提下，大力实施可再生能源替代，加快构建清洁低碳安全高效的能源体系。

Energy is an important material foundation for economic and social development, as well as the principal source of carbon emissions. We will maintain commitment to cutting carbon emissions in a safe manner by vigorously promoting substitution of renewable sources of energy under the condition that energy security is ensured, and accelerate the development of a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system.

1．推进煤炭消费替代和转型升级。加快煤炭减量步伐，“十四五”时期严格合理控制煤炭消费增长，“十五五”时期逐步减少。严格控制新增煤电项目，新建机组煤耗标准达到国际先进水平，有序淘汰煤电落后产能，加快现役机组节能升级和灵活性改造，积极推进供热改造，推动煤电向基础保障性和系统调节性电源并重转型。严控跨区外送可再生能源电力配套煤电规模，新建通道可再生能源电量比例原则上不低于50%。推动重点用煤行业减煤限煤。大力推动煤炭清洁利用，合理划定禁止散烧区域，多措并举、积极有序推进散煤替代，逐步减少直至禁止煤炭散烧。

(a) Promoting coal substitution as well as transformation and upgrading

We will pick up the pace in cutting coal consumption, strictly and rationally limit the increase in coal consumption over the 14th Five-Year Plan period and phase it down in the 15th Five-Year Plan period. Severe restrictions will be placed on new coal power projects, and newly constructed units will meet the most advanced international standards for coal consumption. We will orderly phase-out outdated coal power capacity, accelerate energy-saving upgrades and flexibility retrofits on units that remain in service, actively advance retrofits in coal-fueled heating facilities, and push forward coal’s transition into a power source that is for ensuring basic needs and serves as a system regulating source. In trans-regional transmission of power generated by new energy resources, we will strictly control the scale of supplementary coal power, and ensure in principle that no less than 50% of electricity transmitted via newly constructed lines is generated from renewable resources. We will push key coal consuming industries to reduce and limit their coal consumption. We will vigorously promote the clean utilization of coal. We will rationally designate zones where burning of bulk coal is prohibited, promote efforts to replace bulk coal and make coal cleaner in an active and orderly manner through multiple measures, and gradually reduce and eventually prohibit burning of bulk coal.

2．大力发展新能源。全面推进风电、太阳能发电大规模开发和高质量发展，坚持集中式与分布式并举，加快建设风电和光伏发电基地。加快智能光伏产业创新升级和特色应用，创新“光伏+”模式，推进光伏发电多元布局。坚持陆海并重，推动风电协调快速发展，完善海上风电产业链，鼓励建设海上风电基地。积极发展太阳能光热发电，推动建立光热发电与光伏发电、风电互补调节的风光热综合可再生能源发电基地。因地制宜发展生物质发电、生物质能清洁供暖和生物天然气。探索深化地热能以及波浪能、潮流能、温差能等海洋新能源开发利用。进一步完善可再生能源电力消纳保障机制。到2030年，风电、太阳能发电总装机容量达到12亿千瓦以上。

(b) Vigorously developing new energy resources

We will spur large-scale, high-quality development of wind and solar power generation across the board, continue to promote both concentrated and distributed systems, and accelerate the construction of wind and solar farms. We will speed up innovative upgrading and specialized application of innovations in smart photovoltaic industry, creatively develop the “solar +” model, and promote a diversified layout in photovoltaic power generation. Emphasizing both onshore and offshore power generation systems, we will promote rapid and coordinated development of wind power, improve industrial chains for offshore wind power, and encourage the construction of offshore wind bases. We will actively develop solar thermal power generation, and promote the establishment of comprehensive bases for generating power with renewable resources where solar thermal, photovoltaic, and wind power complement each other. We will develop biomass power generation and heating as well as biogas according to local conditions. We will explore ways of expanding the exploitation and utilization of geothermal energy as well as new marine energy sources such as wave, tidal and ocean thermal energy. We will further refine mechanisms for ensuring the uptake of power generated from renewable sources. By 2030, total installed generation capacity of wind and solar power will reach above 1200 gigawatts.

3．因地制宜开发水电。积极推进水电基地建设，推动金沙江上游、澜沧江上游、雅砻江中游、黄河上游等已纳入规划、符合生态保护要求的水电项目开工建设，推进雅鲁藏布江下游水电开发，推动小水电绿色发展。推动西南地区水电与风电、太阳能发电协同互补。统筹水电开发和生态保护，探索建立水能资源开发生态保护补偿机制。“十四五”、“十五五”期间分别新增水电装机容量4000万千瓦左右，西南地区以水电为主的可再生能源体系基本建立。

(c) Developing hydro power according to local conditions

We will actively advance the construction of hydro power bases. This includes pushing for work to begin on the construction of hydro power projects that have already been incorporated into the plan and meet environmental protection requirements, including those on the upper Jinsha River, the upper Lancang River, the middle section of the Yalong River, and the upper Yellow River, pushing the development of hydro power on the lower Yarlung Zangpo River, and promoting the green development of small hydro power plants. We will push for coordination and complementarity between hydro, wind, and solar power generation in southwestern China. We will plan hydro power development and environment protection as a whole, and look into establishing mechanisms for compensating ecological conservation efforts in this regard. Approximately 40 gigawatts of additional hydro power capacity will be installed during both the 14th and 15th Five-Year Plan periods, respectively, while a renewable energy system based largely on hydro power will be generally established in southwestern China.

4．积极安全有序发展核电。合理确定核电站布局和开发时序，在确保安全的前提下有序发展核电，保持平稳建设节奏。积极推动高温气冷堆、快堆、模块化小型堆、海上浮动堆等先进堆型示范工程，开展核能综合利用示范。加大核电标准化、自主化力度，加快关键技术装备攻关，培育高端核电装备制造产业集群。实行最严格的安全标准和最严格的监管，持续提升核安全监管能力。

(d) Actively developing nuclear power through a safe and orderly approach

We will set a reasonable layout and timetable for the construction of nuclear power stations, and maintain a steady pace of construction. We will develop nuclear power in an orderly manner under the premise of ensuring safety and maintain a steady pace of construction. We will push forward demonstration projects for advanced reactor types including high-temperature gas-cooled reactors, fast reactors, small modular reactors, and offshore floating reactors, and conduct demonstrations on the comprehensive utilization of nuclear energy. We will step up efforts to make nuclear power more standardized and independently driven, move faster to make breakthroughs in key technologies and equipment, and foster industry clusters for the manufacturing of high-end nuclear power equipment. We will enforce the strictest safety standards and the most rigorous oversight, and continue to enhance capacity for supervising nuclear safety.

5．合理调控油气消费。保持石油消费处于合理区间，逐步调整汽油消费规模，大力推进先进生物液体燃料、可持续航空燃料等替代传统燃油，提升终端燃油产品能效。加快推进页岩气、煤层气、致密油（气）等非常规油气资源规模化开发。有序引导天然气消费，优化利用结构，优先保障民生用气，大力推动天然气与多种能源融合发展，因地制宜建设天然气调峰电站，合理引导工业用气和化工原料用气。支持车船使用液化天然气作为燃料。

(e) Rationally regulating oil and gas consumption

We will keep oil consumption within a reasonable range, gradually adjust the scale of gasoline consumption, vigorously promote alternatives like advanced liquid biofuels and sustainable aviation fuel in substitution for traditional fuel oils, and make end-user fueled by oil more efficient. We will speed up the large-scale exploitation of unconventional oil and gas resources including shale gas, coal bed gas, and tight oil and gas. We will steer natural gas consumption in an orderly manner by optimizing the structure of use with priority given to meeting public needs. Meanwhile, we will vigorously promote integrated development between natural gas and other energy resources, build natural gas peak shaving power plants according to local conditions, and rationally guide the use of natural gas for industrial and as feedstocks for chemicals industries. We will support the use of liquid natural gas as fuel for vehicles and ships.

6．加快建设新型电力系统。构建新能源占比逐渐提高的新型电力系统，推动清洁电力资源大范围优化配置。大力提升电力系统综合调节能力，加快灵活调节电源建设，引导自备电厂、传统高载能工业负荷、工商业可中断负荷、电动汽车充电网络、虚拟电厂等参与系统调节，建设坚强智能电网，提升电网安全保障水平。积极发展“新能源+储能”、源网荷储一体化和多能互补，支持分布式新能源合理配置储能系统。制定新一轮抽水蓄能电站中长期发展规划，完善促进抽水蓄能发展的政策机制。加快新型储能示范推广应用。深化电力体制改革，加快构建全国统一电力市场体系。到2025年，新型储能装机容量达到3000万千瓦以上。到2030年，抽水蓄能电站装机容量达到1.2亿千瓦左右，省级电网基本具备5%以上的尖峰负荷响应能力。

(f) Speeding up the development of the new electric power system

We will build a new electric power system that the share of new energy resources keeps increasing, and work toward an optimized distribution of clean electricity generation on a broad scale. We will make vigorous efforts to enhance the overall adjustable capacity of our electric power system, expedite the construction of flexible power sources, incorporate enterprise-affiliated power plants, the load of traditional energy intensive industries, interruptible industrial and commercial load, electric vehicle charging grids, and virtual power plants into regulation of the power system, build resilient smart electrical grids, and make grids more secure and reliable. We will actively develop the “new energy + energy storage” model, promote coordination of power source-grid-load-storage, use multiple energy sources to supplement each other, and support the deployment of appropriate energy storage systems for distributed new energy sources. We will draft a new round of medium to long-term development plans for pumped-storage hydro power stations, and refine policies and mechanisms for spurring the development of this type of energy storage. We will accelerate the broad demonstration and application of new types of energy storage. We will deepen structural reform with regard to electric power, and speed up development of a unified national electricity market. By 2025, installed capacity of new types of energy storage will reach 30 gigawatts or more. By 2030, installed pumped-storage hydro power capacity will reach approximately 120 gigawatts, and provincial-level electrical grids will be equipped with peak load response capacity of 5% or more.

（二）节能降碳增效行动。

2. The action for energy saving, carbon emission mitigation and efficiency improvement

落实节约优先方针，完善能源消费强度和总量双控制度，严格控制能耗强度，合理控制能源消费总量，推动能源消费革命，建设能源节约型社会。

We will implement the policy of putting conservation first, and improve systems for keeping energy consumption under control in terms of both volume and intensity, with especially strict controls on intensity and reasonable controls on volume. We will advance revolutionary changes in energy consumption, and build an energy conserving society.

1．全面提升节能管理能力。推行用能预算管理，强化固定资产投资项目节能审查，对项目用能和碳排放情况进行综合评价，从源头推进节能降碳。提高节能管理信息化水平，完善重点用能单位能耗在线监测系统，建立全国性、行业性节能技术推广服务平台，推动高耗能企业建立能源管理中心。完善能源计量体系，鼓励采用认证手段提升节能管理水平。加强节能监察能力建设，健全省、市、县三级节能监察体系，建立跨部门联动机制，综合运用行政处罚、信用监管、绿色电价等手段，增强节能监察约束力。

(a) Raising capacity for managing energy conservation across the board

We will introduce an energy budget management approach, intensify energy conservation reviews regarding fixed-asset investment projects, and conduct comprehensive assessments of projects’ energy use and carbon emissions, thus promoting energy conservation and carbon emissions reduction from the beginning. We will raise the level of informatization of energy management, improve systems for online monitoring of the energy consumption of key energy users, establish country-wide and industry-wide service platforms to promote energy-saving technologies, and push energy-intensive enterprises to set up energy management centers. We will refine energy measurement systems, and encourage the use of certification as a means to improve the level of management over energy conservation. We will step up the development of supervisory capacity with regard to energy conservation, improve systems for supervising energy conservation at the provincial, city, and county levels, establish mechanisms for interdepartmental action, and make full use of measures including administrative penalties, credibility checks, and tiered rates for electricity in order to make supervision over energy conservation a more binding force.

2．实施节能降碳重点工程。实施城市节能降碳工程，开展建筑、交通、照明、供热等基础设施节能升级改造，推进先进绿色建筑技术示范应用，推动城市综合能效提升。实施园区节能降碳工程，以高耗能高排放项目（以下称“两高”项目）集聚度高的园区为重点，推动能源系统优化和梯级利用，打造一批达到国际先进水平的节能低碳园区。实施重点行业节能降碳工程，推动电力、钢铁、有色金属、建材、石化化工等行业开展节能降碳改造，提升能源资源利用效率。实施重大节能降碳技术示范工程，支持已取得突破的绿色低碳关键技术开展产业化示范应用。

(b) Implementing key energy conservation and carbon reduction projects

We will implement energy conservation and carbon reduction projects in urban areas, carrying out energy-saving upgrades on building, transportation, lighting, and heating infrastructure, promoting the trial application of advanced green construction technologies, and advancing overall improvement of energy efficiency in urban areas. We will implement energy conservation and carbon reduction projects in industrial parks, promoting systematic optimization of energy systems and cascading use of energy with a focus on industrial parks where energy-intensive, high-emissions projects are concentrated, so as to foster a group of energy-saving, low-carbon industrial parks that meet advanced international standards. We will implement energy conservation and carbon reduction projects in key industries, carrying out energy-saving and carbon-cutting improvements in industries such as electric power, steel, non-ferrous metals, building materials, petrochemicals, and chemicals, and raising the efficiency with which energy and resource are used. We will implement major technological demonstration projects for energy conservation and carbon reduction, and support the trial industrial application of key green and low-carbon technologies in which breakthroughs have already been achieved.

3．推进重点用能设备节能增效。以电机、风机、泵、压缩机、变压器、换热器、工业锅炉等设备为重点，全面提升能效标准。建立以能效为导向的激励约束机制，推广先进高效产品设备，加快淘汰落后低效设备。加强重点用能设备节能审查和日常监管，强化生产、经营、销售、使用、报废全链条管理，严厉打击违法违规行为，确保能效标准和节能要求全面落实。

(c) Advancing better energy-saving performance and higher efficiency of major energy-consuming equipments

We will raise energy efficiency standards across the board with a focus on equipment including electrical machinery, draught fans, pumps, compressors, transformers, heat exchangers, and industrial boilers. We will establish efficiency-oriented incentives, popularize advanced high efficiency products and equipment, and move faster to retire outdated, low efficiency equipments. We will step up energy conservation checks and regular oversight on major energy consuming equipment, strengthen full-chain management covering production, marketing, sales, utilization, and disposal, crack down hard on activities that violate laws and regulations, and thus ensure full execution of energy efficiency standards and energy conservation requirements.

4．加强新型基础设施节能降碳。优化新型基础设施空间布局，统筹谋划、科学配置数据中心等新型基础设施，避免低水平重复建设。优化新型基础设施用能结构，采用直流供电、分布式储能、“光伏+储能”等模式，探索多样化能源供应，提高非化石能源消费比重。对标国际先进水平，加快完善通信、运算、存储、传输等设备能效标准，提升准入门槛，淘汰落后设备和技术。加强新型基础设施用能管理，将年综合能耗超过1万吨标准煤的数据中心全部纳入重点用能单位能耗在线监测系统，开展能源计量审查。推动既有设施绿色升级改造，积极推广使用高效制冷、先进通风、余热利用、智能化用能控制等技术，提高设施能效水平。

(d) Strengthening energy conservation and carbon reduction in new types of infrastructure

We will optimize the spatial layout, and make overall plans to set up new types of infrastructure such as data centers appropriately, avoiding low-quality duplicate construction. We will optimize the energy consumption mix in new types of infrastructure by employing models including direct current electricity, distributed energy storage, and “solar + storage,” making explorations into diversified energy supply, and raising the share of non-fossil fuels in total energy consumption. Comparing our initiatives with the advanced international standards, we will work faster to improve energy efficiency standards for communications, computing, storage, and transmission equipment, raise minimum thresholds, and retire outdated equipment and technologies. We will strengthen management over the energy usage of new types of infrastructure, putting all data centers whose annual overall energy consumption exceeds 10,000 tons of standard coal-equivalent under the energy consumption online monitoring system for key energy using organizations, and carrying out energy measurement audit. We will advance environmentally friendly upgrades for existing infrastructure, and actively promote the use of technologies including high-efficient refrigeration, advanced ventilation, surplus heat utilization, and smart control of energy usage, thus making infrastructure more energy-efficient.

（三）工业领域碳达峰行动。

3. The action for peaking carbon dioxide emissions in industry sector

工业是产生碳排放的主要领域之一，对全国整体实现碳达峰具有重要影响。工业领域要加快绿色低碳转型和高质量发展，力争率先实现碳达峰。

The industrial domain is one of the primary sources of carbon dioxide emissions, and therefore exerts an important impact on China’s efforts to peak overall carbon dioxide emissions. Industry must accelerate high-quality development and the green and low-carbon transition, and strive to take the lead in peaking carbon dioxide emissions.

1．推动工业领域绿色低碳发展。优化产业结构，加快退出落后产能，大力发展战略性新兴产业，加快传统产业绿色低碳改造。促进工业能源消费低碳化，推动化石能源清洁高效利用，提高可再生能源应用比重，加强电力需求侧管理，提升工业电气化水平。深入实施绿色制造工程，大力推行绿色设计，完善绿色制造体系，建设绿色工厂和绿色工业园区。推进工业领域数字化智能化绿色化融合发展，加强重点行业和领域技术改造。

(a) Promoting green and low-carbon development in the industrial domain

We will optimize the industrial structure, accelerate efforts to eliminate outdated production capacity, vigorously develop strategic emerging industries, and speed up green and low-carbon transformation in traditional industries. We will spur industrial energy consumption to go low-carbon, promote clean and efficient use of fossil fuels, increase the proportion of renewable energy used, strengthen electricity demand-side management, and raise the level of industrial electrification. We will thoroughly implement the green manufacturing project, vigorously promote green design, refine the green manufacturing system, and build green factories and industrial parks. We will drive integrated development of digital, smart, and green technology in the industrial domain, and bolster technological transformation in key industries and sectors.

2．推动钢铁行业碳达峰。深化钢铁行业供给侧结构性改革，严格执行产能置换，严禁新增产能，推进存量优化，淘汰落后产能。推进钢铁企业跨地区、跨所有制兼并重组，提高行业集中度。优化生产力布局，以京津冀及周边地区为重点，继续压减钢铁产能。促进钢铁行业结构优化和清洁能源替代，大力推进非高炉炼铁技术示范，提升废钢资源回收利用水平，推行全废钢电炉工艺。推广先进适用技术，深挖节能降碳潜力，鼓励钢化联产，探索开展氢冶金、二氧化碳捕集利用一体化等试点示范，推动低品位余热供暖发展。

(b) Pushing the steel industry to peak carbon dioxide emissions

We will deepen supply-side structural reform in the steel industry, rigorously execute production capacity replacement, strictly prohibit additional production capacity, push for the optimization of existing capacity, and retire outdated capacity. We will promote mergers and reorganization of steel enterprises across regions and ownership types, so as to make the industry more concentrated. We will optimize the layout of productive forces, and continue to push down steel production capacity with a particular focus on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and surrounding areas. We will spur structural optimization for steel industry and the substitution of clean energy, vigorously promote demonstrations of non-blast furnace technology, improve recycling and reuse of steel scrap, and advance the use of electric furnace which can be totally charged with steel scrap. We will drive the application of advanced and appropriate technologies, squeeze out all available potential for saving energy and cutting carbon emissions, encourage linking steel and chemical production, conduct integrated trials on hydrogen metallurgy and integrated capture and utilization of carbon dioxide, and promote heating development with low-grade residual heat.

3．推动有色金属行业碳达峰。巩固化解电解铝过剩产能成果，严格执行产能置换，严控新增产能。推进清洁能源替代，提高水电、风电、太阳能发电等应用比重。加快再生有色金属产业发展，完善废弃有色金属资源回收、分选和加工网络，提高再生有色金属产量。加快推广应用先进适用绿色低碳技术，提升有色金属生产过程余热回收水平，推动单位产品能耗持续下降。

(c) Pushing the non-ferrous metals industry to peak carbon dioxide emissions

Building on our success in addressing overcapacity in electrolytic aluminum production, we will rigorously execute capacity replacement and strictly control additional capacity. We will promote substitution of clean energy, and increase the proportion of hydro, wind, and solar-generated electricity used. We will accelerate the development of the regenerated non-ferrous metals processing industry, improve the network of recycling, sorting and processing of non-ferrous metals scrap, and increase output of recycled non-ferrous metals. We will move faster to spread the use of green and low-carbon technologies that are advanced and applicable, step up recycling of residual heat from the non-ferrous metal production process, and continue to cut energy consumption per unit of production.

4．推动建材行业碳达峰。加强产能置换监管，加快低效产能退出，严禁新增水泥熟料、平板玻璃产能，引导建材行业向轻型化、集约化、制品化转型。推动水泥错峰生产常态化，合理缩短水泥熟料装置运转时间。因地制宜利用风能、太阳能等可再生能源，逐步提高电力、天然气应用比重。鼓励建材企业使用粉煤灰、工业废渣、尾矿渣等作为原料或水泥混合材。加快推进绿色建材产品认证和应用推广，加强新型胶凝材料、低碳混凝土、木竹建材等低碳建材产品研发应用。推广节能技术设备，开展能源管理体系建设，实现节能增效。

(d) Pushing the building materials industry to peak carbon dioxide emissions

We will strengthen oversight on production capacity replacement, move faster to eliminate low efficiency production capacity, strictly prohibit new cement clinker and flat glass production capacity, and guide the building materials industry in transitioning to become lighter, more intensive, and more product-oriented. We will promote making staggered production of cement a regular practice, and reasonably reduce the operating time of cement clinker equipment. We will utilize renewable energy like wind and solar according to local conditions, and gradually increase the proportion of electricity and natural gas in energy consumption. We will encourage building material enterprises to use coal fly ash, industrial waste residue, and mine tailings as raw materials or for mixing cement. We will speed up efforts to certify green building materials and spread their use, and accelerate the R&D and application of low-carbon gel material products like new binding materials, low-carbon concrete, and wood and bamboo building materials. We will expand the use of energy-saving technology and equipment and develop energy management systems to conserve energy and achieve higher efficiency.

5．推动石化化工行业碳达峰。优化产能规模和布局，加大落后产能淘汰力度，有效化解结构性过剩矛盾。严格项目准入，合理安排建设时序，严控新增炼油和传统煤化工生产能力，稳妥有序发展现代煤化工。引导企业转变用能方式，鼓励以电力、天然气等替代煤炭。调整原料结构，控制新增原料用煤，拓展富氢原料进口来源，推动石化化工原料轻质化。优化产品结构，促进石化化工与煤炭开采、冶金、建材、化纤等产业协同发展，加强炼厂干气、液化气等副产气体高效利用。鼓励企业节能升级改造，推动能量梯级利用、物料循环利用。到2025年，国内原油一次加工能力控制在10亿吨以内，主要产品产能利用率提升至80%以上。

(e) Pushing the petrochemical industry to peak carbon dioxide emissions

We will optimize the scale and layout of production capacity, step up efforts to retire outdated capacity, and address problems arising from structural overcapacity through effective measures. We will set strict thresholds on projects, appropriately arrange the timing of construction, strictly control additional production capacity in oil refining and traditional coal-based chemicals industry, and pursue development of a modern coal-based chemical industry in a steady and orderly manner. We will guide enterprises in shifting their energy use model, encouraging the substitution of sources like electricity and natural gas to coal. We will adjust the mix of raw materials, control additional use of coal, expand sources to import hydrogen-rich raw materials, and push for a transition to lighter raw materials in the petrochemical industry. We will optimize the product structure, promote coordinated development between the petrochemical industry and other industries including coal mining, metallurgy, building materials, and chemical fibers, and bolster efficient utilization of refinery byproducts such as dry gas and liquefied petroleum gas. We will encourage enterprises to carry out energy-saving upgrades, and promote cascading use of energy as well as circular use of materials. By 2025, domestic capacity for primary refining of crude oil will be kept below 1 billion metric tons, and the utilization rate of production capacity for main products will rise to 80% or more.

6．坚决遏制“两高”项目盲目发展。采取强有力措施，对“两高”项目实行清单管理、分类处置、动态监控。全面排查在建项目，对能效水平低于本行业能耗限额准入值的，按有关规定停工整改，推动能效水平应提尽提，力争全面达到国内乃至国际先进水平。科学评估拟建项目，对产能已饱和的行业，按照“减量替代”原则压减产能；对产能尚未饱和的行业，按照国家布局和审批备案等要求，对标国际先进水平提高准入门槛；对能耗量较大的新兴产业，支持引导企业应用绿色低碳技术，提高能效水平。深入挖潜存量项目，加快淘汰落后产能，通过改造升级挖掘节能减排潜力。强化常态化监管，坚决拿下不符合要求的“两高”项目。

(f) Firmly curbing the irrational expansion of energy-intensive and high-emission projects

Through forceful measures, we will implement list-based management and dynamic monitoring on energy-intensive and high-emission projects and handle them in a category-based manner. We will conduct a full investigation of ongoing projects, suspending operations in accordance with relevant regulations where energy efficiency levels are below the minimum threshold for the industry in question until problems are addressed. We will push for energy efficiency to be enhanced wherever possible, and strive to reach full compliance with advanced domestic and even international standards. We will scientifically assess planned projects. In industries where production capacity has already reached the point of saturation, we will push down capacity according to the “cut and replace” principle; in industries where capacity has not yet reached the point of saturation, we will raise thresholds to align with advanced international standards in accordance with national planning and review and filing requirements; and in emerging industries with relatively high energy consumption, we will provide guidance and support for enterprises in utilizing green and low-carbon technologies and raising energy efficiency. We will thoroughly tap into existing projects, accelerate efforts to phase-out outdated production capacity, and squeeze out potential for energy conservation and emissions reduction through upgrades. We will strengthen regular oversight, and rein in energy-intensive and high-emission projects that fail to meet requirements.

（四）城乡建设碳达峰行动。

4. The action for peaking carbon dioxide emissions in urban-rural development area

加快推进城乡建设绿色低碳发展，城市更新和乡村振兴都要落实绿色低碳要求。

We will speed up green and low-carbon development in urban and rural areas, ensuring that urban renewal and rural revitalization both meet green and low-carbon requirements.

1．推进城乡建设绿色低碳转型。推动城市组团式发展，科学确定建设规模，控制新增建设用地过快增长。倡导绿色低碳规划设计理念，增强城乡气候韧性，建设海绵城市。推广绿色低碳建材和绿色建造方式，加快推进新型建筑工业化，大力发展装配式建筑，推广钢结构住宅，推动建材循环利用，强化绿色设计和绿色施工管理。加强县城绿色低碳建设。推动建立以绿色低碳为导向的城乡规划建设管理机制，制定建筑拆除管理办法，杜绝大拆大建。建设绿色城镇、绿色社区。

(a) Promoting green and low-carbon transformation in urban and rural development

We will promote the development of city clusters, deciding the size of cities in a rational manner and curbing excessively rapid increase in the amount of incremental construction land. We will promote green and low-carbon concepts of planning and design, making urban and rural areas more climate resilient and developing sponge cities. We will expand the use of green and low-carbon building materials and green approaches of construction. We will promote the industrialization of new types of buildings, work harder to develop prefabricated buildings, build more steel structure houses, promote recycling of building materials, and intensify green design and construction management. We will strengthen green and low-carbon development of county towns. We will establish mechanisms for managing urban and rural planning and development that are geared toward green and low-carbon development. We will formulate regulations on the management of building demolition and put an end to demolition and construction of buildings on a large scale. We will work hard to develop green cities, towns, and communities.

2．加快提升建筑能效水平。加快更新建筑节能、市政基础设施等标准，提高节能降碳要求。加强适用于不同气候区、不同建筑类型的节能低碳技术研发和推广，推动超低能耗建筑、低碳建筑规模化发展。加快推进居住建筑和公共建筑节能改造，持续推动老旧供热管网等市政基础设施节能降碳改造。提升城镇建筑和基础设施运行管理智能化水平，加快推广供热计量收费和合同能源管理，逐步开展公共建筑能耗限额管理。到2025年，城镇新建建筑全面执行绿色建筑标准。

(b) Accelerating building energy efficiency improvement

We will work faster to update standards in fields such as building energy efficiency and municipal infrastructure, instituting higher requirements for saving energy and reducing carbon emissions. We will step up the R&D and application of energy-saving and low-carbon technologies that can be used in various climatic regions and for different buildings in order to develop ultra-low-energy consumption and low-carbon buildings on a large scale. We will speed up renovation of residential and public buildings to achieve energy efficiency and continue to advance energy-saving and carbon-cutting upgrades of heating pipe networks and other municipal infrastructure. We will increase the intelligence level of managing the operations of urban buildings and infrastructure. We will move more quickly to expand the use of metered charging for heating and energy performance contracting, and gradually set energy consumption caps for public buildings. By 2025, all newly-constructed buildings in urban areas will meet green building standards.

3．加快优化建筑用能结构。深化可再生能源建筑应用，推广光伏发电与建筑一体化应用。积极推动严寒、寒冷地区清洁取暖，推进热电联产集中供暖，加快工业余热供暖规模化应用，积极稳妥开展核能供热示范，因地制宜推行热泵、生物质能、地热能、太阳能等清洁低碳供暖。引导夏热冬冷地区科学取暖，因地制宜采用清洁高效取暖方式。提高建筑终端电气化水平，建设集光伏发电、储能、直流配电、柔性用电于一体的“光储直柔”建筑。到2025年，城镇建筑可再生能源替代率达到8%，新建公共机构建筑、新建厂房屋顶光伏覆盖率力争达到50%。

(c) Accelerating the optimization of building energy consumption structure

We will work deeply to promote the use of renewable energy in buildings, and expand the integration of photovoltaics into buildings. We will actively promote clean energy heating in regions with cold and severe cold conditions. We will promote central heating with combined heat and power, and speed up the large-scale application of residual heat from industrial processes in heating systems. We will launch demonstrations of nuclear heating in an active and prudent manner, and promote clean, low-carbon heating using heat pumps, biomass, geothermal energy, and solar energy according to local conditions. We will guide regions with hot summers and cold winters in procuring heating through rational, clean, and highly efficient means based on their conditions. We will increase proportion of buildings’ energy consumption on electricity, and construct buildings integrating photovoltaic power generation, energy storage, DC power distribution, and flexible power consumption. By 2025, renewable resources will account for 8% of the alternative to conventional energy used in buildings, and we will strive to reach 50% photovoltaic coverage on the roofs of newly constructed public buildings and factories.

4．推进农村建设和用能低碳转型。推进绿色农房建设，加快农房节能改造。持续推进农村地区清洁取暖，因地制宜选择适宜取暖方式。发展节能低碳农业大棚。推广节能环保灶具、电动农用车辆、节能环保农机和渔船。加快生物质能、太阳能等可再生能源在农业生产和农村生活中的应用。加强农村电网建设，提升农村用能电气化水平。

(d) Promoting a low-carbon transition in rural development and energy consumption

We will spur the construction of environmentally-friendly rural housing, and speed up energy-saving upgrades on rural housing. We will advance clean energy heating in rural areas by adopting heating approaches suitable to local conditions. We will develop energy-saving, low-carbon greenhouses for agriculture and promote the use of energy-saving, eco-friendly cookers, electric agricultural vehicles, and energy-saving, eco-friendly agricultural machinery and fishing boats. We will speed up the application of renewable energy resources, such as biomass energy and solar energy, in agricultural production and daily life in rural areas. We will strengthen development of rural electrical grids so as to expand the share of electricity in rural energy consumption.

（五）交通运输绿色低碳行动。

5. The action for promoting green and low-carbon transportation

加快形成绿色低碳运输方式，确保交通运输领域碳排放增长保持在合理区间。

We will move faster to develop green and low-carbon modes of transportation to keep the growth of carbon emissions in the transportation domain within an appropriate range.

1．推动运输工具装备低碳转型。积极扩大电力、氢能、天然气、先进生物液体燃料等新能源、清洁能源在交通运输领域应用。大力推广新能源汽车，逐步降低传统燃油汽车在新车产销和汽车保有量中的占比，推动城市公共服务车辆电动化替代，推广电力、氢燃料、液化天然气动力重型货运车辆。提升铁路系统电气化水平。加快老旧船舶更新改造，发展电动、液化天然气动力船舶，深入推进船舶靠港使用岸电，因地制宜开展沿海、内河绿色智能船舶示范应用。提升机场运行电动化智能化水平，发展新能源航空器。到2030年，当年新增新能源、清洁能源动力的交通工具比例达到40%左右，营运交通工具单位换算周转量碳排放强度比2020年下降9.5%左右，国家铁路单位换算周转量综合能耗比2020年下降10%。陆路交通运输石油消费力争2030年前达到峰值。

(a) Promoting low-carbon transformation of transportation vehicles and equipment

We will expand the application of new and clean energy in transportation, such as electricity, hydrogen power, natural gas, and advanced liquid biofuels. We will vigorously promote new-energy vehicles, while gradually reducing the proportion of cars that run on traditional oil-based fuels in new car sales and car ownership, promote the replacement of public service vehicles with electric vehicles and the use of heavy cargo trucks fueled by electricity, hydrogen fuel, and liquefied natural gas. We will make the railway system more electricity based. We will work faster to upgrade old ships, and develop ships fueled by electric power and liquefied natural gas. We will further promote the use of shore power by ships while in port. We will make in-depth efforts to advance demonstration and utilization of green, smart ships along coastline and inland waterways according to local conditions. We will work to make airport operations based increasingly on electric power and smart technology, and develop new-energy aircraft. By 2030, the share of incremental vehicles fueled by new and clean energy will reach around 40%, carbon emission intensity of commercial vehicles measured on the basis of converted turnover will be cut by about 9.5% compared with 2020, and comprehensive energy consumption of the national railways per unit of converted turnover will be cut by 10% compared with 2020. We will strive to reach a peak in petroleum consumption for land transportation before 2030.

2．构建绿色高效交通运输体系。发展智能交通，推动不同运输方式合理分工、有效衔接，降低空载率和不合理客货运周转量。大力发展以铁路、水路为骨干的多式联运，推进工矿企业、港口、物流园区等铁路专用线建设，加快内河高等级航道网建设，加快大宗货物和中长距离货物运输“公转铁”、“公转水”。加快先进适用技术应用，提升民航运行管理效率，引导航空企业加强智慧运行，实现系统化节能降碳。加快城乡物流配送体系建设，创新绿色低碳、集约高效的配送模式。打造高效衔接、快捷舒适的公共交通服务体系，积极引导公众选择绿色低碳交通方式。“十四五”期间，集装箱铁水联运量年均增长15%以上。到2030年，城区常住人口100万以上的城市绿色出行比例不低于70%。

(b) Developing green, high efficiency transportation systems

We will develop smart transportation and promote rational division of functions and effective linkages between different means of transportation, so as to reduce empty-loading ratio and unreasonable turnover in passenger and freight transportation. We will make great effort to develop multimodal transportation with railway and waterway transportation as the mainstay. We will continue to construct special railway lines for industrial and mining enterprises, ports, and logistic parks, and accelerate development of high-level inland waterway networks so as to facilitate a shift in bulk cargo transportation and mid-long distance freight transportation from highways to railways and waterways. We will boost application of advanced and applicable technologies so as to make operation and management of civil aviation more efficient. We will guide businesses in the aviation sector in making their operations smarter and saving energy and reducing carbon emissions in a systematic manner. We will speed up development of the urban-rural logistics and distribution system, and create green and low-carbon, intensive, and highly efficient modes of distribution. We will develop public transport service systems that are fast, convenient, comfortable, and linked efficiently, and actively encourage people to choose green and low-carbon means of transportation. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the volume of rail-ship container transportation will increase above 15% annually. By 2030, no less than 70% of travel will be conducted through environmentally friendly means in cities with permanent populations of one million or more.

3．加快绿色交通基础设施建设。将绿色低碳理念贯穿于交通基础设施规划、建设、运营和维护全过程，降低全生命周期能耗和碳排放。开展交通基础设施绿色化提升改造，统筹利用综合运输通道线位、土地、空域等资源，加大岸线、锚地等资源整合力度，提高利用效率。有序推进充电桩、配套电网、加注（气）站、加氢站等基础设施建设，提升城市公共交通基础设施水平。到2030年，民用运输机场场内车辆装备等力争全面实现电动化。

(c) Accelerating construction of green transport infrastructure

We will implement green and low-carbon thought throughout the whole process of planning, building, operating, and maintaining transport infrastructure, reducing lifecycle energy consumption and carbon emissions. We will carry out green and low-carbon transformation of transport infrastructure, and make utilization of infrastructure more efficient by coordinating the use of route, land, and airspace resources in comprehensive transportation corridors and integrating resources such as waterfront and anchorage. We will boost construction of infrastructure such as charging piles, supporting power grids, and natural gas and hydrogen fueling stations through an orderly approach to improve public transport infrastructure in urban areas. By 2030, all ground vehicles and equipment at civil airports will strive to be powered by electricity.

（六）循环经济助力降碳行动。

6. The action for promoting circular economy in carbon mitigation purpose

抓住资源利用这个源头，大力发展循环经济，全面提高资源利用效率，充分发挥减少资源消耗和降碳的协同作用。

Focusing on resource utilization as a key factor, we will push ahead with the development of the circular economy, and work toward an all-around improvement in the efficiency of resource utilization. In the process, we will fully leverage synergistic effects between efforts to reduce resource consumption and cut carbon emissions.

1．推进产业园区循环化发展。以提升资源产出率和循环利用率为目标，优化园区空间布局，开展园区循环化改造。推动园区企业循环式生产、产业循环式组合，组织企业实施清洁生产改造，促进废物综合利用、能量梯级利用、水资源循环利用，推进工业余压余热、废气废液废渣资源化利用，积极推广集中供气供热。搭建基础设施和公共服务共享平台，加强园区物质流管理。到2030年，省级以上重点产业园区全部实施循环化改造。

(a) Pushing industrial parks to develop in a circular manner

Setting our sights on enhancing the productivity of resources and raising the rate at which they are recycled, we will optimize the spatial layout of industrial parks, and retrofit these parks to facilitate circular production. Circular production in enterprises and circular organization of industries in these parks will be encouraged as well, and arrangements will be made for enterprises to conduct retrofits for clean production. We will promote the comprehensive utilization of waste, cascading use of energy, and circular use of water resources. To be specific, we will facilitate the recycling of residual heat and pressure as well as waste gas, liquid, and slag from industrial processes, and actively expand the application of centralized gas and heating supply. We will set up platforms for sharing infrastructure and public services, and strengthen the management of material flow in parks. By 2030, all key industrial parks at the provincial level or above will be upgraded to support circular operations.

2．加强大宗固废综合利用。提高矿产资源综合开发利用水平和综合利用率，以煤矸石、粉煤灰、尾矿、共伴生矿、冶炼渣、工业副产石膏、建筑垃圾、农作物秸秆等大宗固废为重点，支持大掺量、规模化、高值化利用，鼓励应用于替代原生非金属矿、砂石等资源。在确保安全环保前提下，探索将磷石膏应用于土壤改良、井下充填、路基修筑等。推动建筑垃圾资源化利用，推广废弃路面材料原地再生利用。加快推进秸秆高值化利用，完善收储运体系，严格禁烧管控。加快大宗固废综合利用示范建设。到2025年，大宗固废年利用量达到40亿吨左右；到2030年，年利用量达到45亿吨左右。

(b) Strengthening the comprehensive use of bulk solid waste

We will enhance the comprehensive utilization level and increase the multipurpose utilization rates of mineral resources. We will support the large-scale utilization of waste in manner that maximizes proportion and value with a focus on bulk solid wastes including coal gangue, coal fly ash, tailings, associated minerals, smelting slag, byproduct gypsum, construction refuse, and crop straw, and encourage the use of such waste as a substitute for raw non-metallic minerals and gravel. On the condition of being safe and eco-friendly, we will explore the use of phosphogypsum in improving soil, back filling underground mines, and preparing sub-grade for roads. The recycling of construction wastes will be promoted, and the in-situ reclamation and use of abandoned pavement materials will be widely applied. We will accelerate the recycling of crop straw in a way that maximizes its value by refining systems for purchase, storage, and transportation, while strictly enforcing the burning ban. We will also speed up efforts to carry out demonstration projects for the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste. By 2025, the amount of bulk solid waste recycled annually will reach around 4 billion metric tons, rising to about 4.5 billion by 2030.

3．健全资源循环利用体系。完善废旧物资回收网络，推行“互联网+”回收模式，实现再生资源应收尽收。加强再生资源综合利用行业规范管理，促进产业集聚发展。高水平建设现代化“城市矿产”基地，推动再生资源规范化、规模化、清洁化利用。推进退役动力电池、光伏组件、风电机组叶片等新兴产业废物循环利用。促进汽车零部件、工程机械、文办设备等再制造产业高质量发展。加强资源再生产品和再制造产品推广应用。到2025年，废钢铁、废铜、废铝、废铅、废锌、废纸、废塑料、废橡胶、废玻璃等9种主要再生资源循环利用量达到4.5亿吨，到2030年达到5.1亿吨。

(c) Refining systems for resource recycling

We will improve recycling networks for used materials and waste, and put an “Internet +” recycling model into practice, thus realizing the reclamation of renewable resources to the fullest possible extent. We will strengthen the standardized management of industries related to the comprehensive utilization of renewable resources in order to foster industry clusters. We will advance the high-standard construction of modernized centers for recovering mineral resources from urban waste, and promote the clean, standardized, and large-scale use of renewable resources. We will push forward circular utilization of waste from emerging industries such as decommissioned batteries, photovoltaic modules, and rotor blades of wind turbines. We will also drive high-quality development of remanufacturing industries such as auto parts, engineering machinery, and stationery and office equipment. We will expand the use of remanufactured products and products made from recycled resources. By 2025, the total amount of nine major reusable resources including steel scrap, cooper, aluminum, lead, zinc, waste paper, plastic, rubber, and glass recycled will top 450 million metric tons, reaching 510 million by 2030.

4．大力推进生活垃圾减量化资源化。扎实推进生活垃圾分类，加快建立覆盖全社会的生活垃圾收运处置体系，全面实现分类投放、分类收集、分类运输、分类处理。加强塑料污染全链条治理，整治过度包装，推动生活垃圾源头减量。推进生活垃圾焚烧处理，降低填埋比例，探索适合我国厨余垃圾特性的资源化利用技术。推进污水资源化利用。到2025年，城市生活垃圾分类体系基本健全，生活垃圾资源化利用比例提升至60%左右。到2030年，城市生活垃圾分类实现全覆盖，生活垃圾资源化利用比例提升至65%。

(d) Vigorously promoting efforts to reduce and recycle household waste

We will move steadily ahead with the sorting of household waste, and work faster to establish collection, transportation, and disposal systems for household waste covering all of society, thereby ensuring that all household waste can be discarded, collected, transported, and disposed of in a well-sorted manner. We will intensify efforts to control plastic pollution throughout the entire process from production to recycling, and take action against excessive packaging, so as to reduce the amount of household waste from this source. We will promote incineration of household waste, bring down the proportion of waste disposed in landfills, and develop recycling technology that is tailored to the peculiarities of kitchen waste in China. The recycling of sewage will also be advanced. By 2025, a basic sorting system for urban household waste will be established, with the reclamation rate up to about 60%. By 2030, the sorting system for urban household waste will cover all cities, and the reclamation rate will rise to 65%.

（七）绿色低碳科技创新行动。

7. The action for advancing green and low-carbon technology innovation

发挥科技创新的支撑引领作用，完善科技创新体制机制，强化创新能力，加快绿色低碳科技革命。

We will give full play to the supporting and guiding role of scientific and technological innovation and improve the relevant mechanisms and systems, so as to enhance our innovation capability and accelerate the revolution in green and low-carbon science and technology.

1．完善创新体制机制。制定科技支撑碳达峰碳中和行动方案，在国家重点研发计划中设立碳达峰碳中和关键技术研究与示范等重点专项，采取“揭榜挂帅”机制，开展低碳零碳负碳关键核心技术攻关。将绿色低碳技术创新成果纳入高等学校、科研单位、国有企业有关绩效考核。强化企业创新主体地位，支持企业承担国家绿色低碳重大科技项目，鼓励设施、数据等资源开放共享。推进国家绿色技术交易中心建设，加快创新成果转化。加强绿色低碳技术和产品知识产权保护。完善绿色低碳技术和产品检测、评估、认证体系。

(a) Improving innovation mechanisms and systems

An action plan will be formulated to ensure that science and technology support and guide China’s achievement of peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality. Major R&D and demonstration projects for key technologies related to the achievement of peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality will be set up in national key R&D programs, making use of open competition mechanisms to select the best candidates to lead the projects, and intensifying core technology research for reaching low carbon, zero carbon, and carbon negative. Achievements in green and low-carbon technological innovation will be included in the performance assessments of institutions of universities, scientific and research institutes, and state-owned enterprises. We will boost the principal role of enterprises in innovation, support their participation in major national green and low-carbon science and technology projects, and encourage the sharing of facilities, data, and other resources. A national green technology trade center will be set up to accelerate the commercialization of innovations. The intellectual property rights protection for green and low-carbon technologies and products will be strengthened, and the testing, evaluation, and certification systems for them will be improved.

2．加强创新能力建设和人才培养。组建碳达峰碳中和相关国家实验室、国家重点实验室和国家技术创新中心，适度超前布局国家重大科技基础设施，引导企业、高等学校、科研单位共建一批国家绿色低碳产业创新中心。创新人才培养模式，鼓励高等学校加快新能源、储能、氢能、碳减排、碳汇、碳排放权交易等学科建设和人才培养，建设一批绿色低碳领域未来技术学院、现代产业学院和示范性能源学院。深化产教融合，鼓励校企联合开展产学合作协同育人项目，组建碳达峰碳中和产教融合发展联盟，建设一批国家储能技术产教融合创新平台。

(b) Enhancing innovation capability and personnel training

National laboratories, key national laboratories, and national technology innovation centers related to the realization of peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality will be set up, relevant major national science and technology infrastructure will be planned in advance, and enterprises, universities, and research institutes will be guided in a joint effort to build national green and low-carbon industrial innovation centers. We will develop new approaches in personnel training, encourage institutions of universities to accelerate discipline development and talent training in new energy, energy storage, hydrogen energy, carbon emissions mitigation, carbon sinks, and the carbon emission trading, and establish a group of future institutes of technology, modern industrial institutes, and demonstration energy institutes focusing on green and low-carbon technologies. We will deepen industry-education integration, encourage school-enterprise cooperation in educating students, launch an alliance for industry-education integration on the realization of peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality, and set up a number of national innovation platforms for industry-education integration on energy storage technology.

3．强化应用基础研究。实施一批具有前瞻性、战略性的国家重大前沿科技项目，推动低碳零碳负碳技术装备研发取得突破性进展。聚焦化石能源绿色智能开发和清洁低碳利用、可再生能源大规模利用、新型电力系统、节能、氢能、储能、动力电池、二氧化碳捕集利用与封存等重点，深化应用基础研究。积极研发先进核电技术，加强可控核聚变等前沿颠覆性技术研究。

(c) Boosting application-oriented basic research

We will launch a group of major national projects for forward-looking, strategically important cutting-edge technologies with a view to making breakthroughs in low-carbon, zero-carbon, and carbon-negative technological equipment R&D. Focusing on green and smart development and the clean, low-carbon utilization of fossil energy, large-scale utilization of renewable energy, new types of power system, energy conservation, hydrogen energy, energy storage, power batteries, and carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage, we will deepen application-oriented basic research. We will step up R&D in advanced nuclear energy technology, particularly cutting edge and disruptive technologies such as controlled nuclear fusion.

4．加快先进适用技术研发和推广应用。集中力量开展复杂大电网安全稳定运行和控制、大容量风电、高效光伏、大功率液化天然气发动机、大容量储能、低成本可再生能源制氢、低成本二氧化碳捕集利用与封存等技术创新，加快碳纤维、气凝胶、特种钢材等基础材料研发，补齐关键零部件、元器件、软件等短板。推广先进成熟绿色低碳技术，开展示范应用。建设全流程、集成化、规模化二氧化碳捕集利用与封存示范项目。推进熔盐储能供热和发电示范应用。加快氢能技术研发和示范应用，探索在工业、交通运输、建筑等领域规模化应用。

(d) Accelerating the R&D and wider application of advanced practical technologies

We will intensify innovation on technologies, particularly into the safe, stable operation and control of major complex power grids, large wind farms, high-efficiency photovoltaic panels, heavy-duty liquefied natural gas engines, large capacity energy storage, low-cost hydrogen production from renewable energy sources, and low-cost carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage; accelerate R&D in basic materials such as carbon fiber, aerogel, and special steel; and shore up our short slab in key spare parts, components, and software. We will broaden the application of advanced, mature green and low-carbon technologies and carry out related demonstrations. We will carry out demonstration projects for whole-process, integrated, and large-scale carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage as well as demonstrations for the application of molten salt storage for heat supply and power generation. R&D into hydrogen energy technology and its demonstrations applications will be accelerated, and its large-scale application will be trialed in industry, transportation, and construction.

（八）碳汇能力巩固提升行动。

8. The action for consolidating and enhancing carbon sink

坚持系统观念，推进山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和修复，提高生态系统质量和稳定性，提升生态系统碳汇增量。

We will apply systems thinking, and adopt a holistic approach to the conservation of mountain, river, forest, farmland, lake, grassland, and desert ecosystems. Efforts will be made to improve the quality and stability and the carbon sink capacity of our ecosystems.

1．巩固生态系统固碳作用。结合国土空间规划编制和实施，构建有利于碳达峰、碳中和的国土空间开发保护格局。严守生态保护红线，严控生态空间占用，建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系，稳定现有森林、草原、湿地、海洋、土壤、冻土、岩溶等固碳作用。严格执行土地使用标准，加强节约集约用地评价，推广节地技术和节地模式。

(a) Consolidating the carbon sequestration capacity of ecosystems

By making and implementing China’s territorial space plans, we will work to form a new model of development and protection, which is conducive to peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality. We must strictly enforce red lines in ecological conservation, control the use of ecological spaces, and build a nature reserve system centered on national parks, to stabilize the carbon sequestration ability of forests, grasslands, rivers and lakes, wetlands, oceans, soil, permafrost, and karst areas. We must strictly implement standards for land use, promote economical and intensive use of land, and spread relevant technologies and practices.

2．提升生态系统碳汇能力。实施生态保护修复重大工程。深入推进大规模国土绿化行动，巩固退耕还林还草成果，扩大林草资源总量。强化森林资源保护，实施森林质量精准提升工程，提高森林质量和稳定性。加强草原生态保护修复，提高草原综合植被盖度。加强河湖、湿地保护修复。整体推进海洋生态系统保护和修复，提升红树林、海草床、盐沼等固碳能力。加强退化土地修复治理，开展荒漠化、石漠化、水土流失综合治理，实施历史遗留矿山生态修复工程。到2030年，全国森林覆盖率达到25%左右，森林蓄积量达到190亿立方米。

(b) Enhancing the carbon sink capacity of ecosystems

We will carry out large-scale programs to protect and restore major ecosystems. We will push ahead with large-scale afforestation, and consolidate achievements already made in returning marginal farmland to forests and grasslands, to increase forest and grassland resources. We will strengthen forest protection, and take targeted measures to improve the quality of our forests, so as to enhance the quality and stability of forests. We will step up efforts to protect and restore grassland ecosystems, and increase the overall vegetation coverage of grasslands. We will strengthen the protection and restoration of rivers, lakes, and wetlands. We will comprehensively protect and restore marine ecosystems, improve the carbon sequestration capacity of mangroves, seagrass beds, and salt marshes. We will move forward with efforts to restore and improve degraded land, and make comprehensive efforts to curb desertification, rocky desertification, and soil erosion. We will work to improve and restore environments surrounding abandoned mining areas. We will expand forest coverage around 25% of China’s total land area and increase forest stock volume to 19 billion cubic meters by 2030.

3．加强生态系统碳汇基础支撑。依托和拓展自然资源调查监测体系，利用好国家林草生态综合监测评价成果，建立生态系统碳汇监测核算体系，开展森林、草原、湿地、海洋、土壤、冻土、岩溶等碳汇本底调查、碳储量评估、潜力分析，实施生态保护修复碳汇成效监测评估。加强陆地和海洋生态系统碳汇基础理论、基础方法、前沿颠覆性技术研究。建立健全能够体现碳汇价值的生态保护补偿机制，研究制定碳汇项目参与全国碳排放权交易相关规则。

(c) Strengthening the foundation for ecological system carbon sinks

Based on and supported by the systems for investigating and monitoring natural resources, we will make good use of the results of national comprehensive monitoring and evaluation of forest and grassland ecosystems, and develop a system for monitoring and accounting the carbon sink capacity of ecosystems. We will carry out background surveys of carbon sink in forests, grasslands, wetlands, oceans, soil, permafrost, and karst areas, evaluate their stock, and analyze their potential. We will also monitor and evaluate carbon sink capacities of protected and restored ecosystems. We will strengthen research on basic theories, basic methods, and cutting-edge disruptive technologies in relation to carbon sinks in land and marine ecosystems. We will improve mechanisms for ecological compensation, with a focus on measuring the value of carbon sinks. We will work to establish rules for carbon sink projects involving in national carbon market.

4．推进农业农村减排固碳。大力发展绿色低碳循环农业，推进农光互补、“光伏+设施农业”、“海上风电+海洋牧场”等低碳农业模式。研发应用增汇型农业技术。开展耕地质量提升行动，实施国家黑土地保护工程，提升土壤有机碳储量。合理控制化肥、农药、地膜使用量，实施化肥农药减量替代计划，加强农作物秸秆综合利用和畜禽粪污资源化利用。

(d) Promoting carbon emissions reduction and carbon sequestration in agriculture and rural areas

We will step up efforts to develop green, low-carbon and circular agriculture, and support low-carbon modes such as agricultural photovoltaics, the integration of photovoltaic power and protected agriculture, and the combination of offshore wind farms and marine ranches. We will research applied agricultural technologies that can increase carbon sequestration. We will improve the quality of cropland and protect China’s chernozem soils, to enhance soil organic carbon content. We will appropriately control the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and agricultural plastic sheeting, carry out plans for replacing conventional fertilizers and pesticides with organic alternatives, and step up efforts to recycle and comprehensively utilize resources from crop straw and livestock and poultry waste.

（九）绿色低碳全民行动。

9. The action for green and low-carbon society

增强全民节约意识、环保意识、生态意识，倡导简约适度、绿色低碳、文明健康的生活方式，把绿色理念转化为全体人民的自觉行动。

We will raise public awareness of the need to conserve resources, protect the environment, and maintain the ecosystems, and encourage simple, moderate, green, low-carbon and healthy ways of life, so that the people become more active in pursuing green development.

1．加强生态文明宣传教育。将生态文明教育纳入国民教育体系，开展多种形式的资源环境国情教育，普及碳达峰、碳中和基础知识。加强对公众的生态文明科普教育，将绿色低碳理念有机融入文艺作品，制作文创产品和公益广告，持续开展世界地球日、世界环境日、全国节能宣传周、全国低碳日等主题宣传活动，增强社会公众绿色低碳意识，推动生态文明理念更加深入人心。

(a) Strengthening publicity and education for ecological civilization

We will incorporate education on ecological civilization into the national education system, inform the public of China’s current situation in terms of resources and the environment in various ways, and help them better understand peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality. We will raise awareness on ecological civilization, and ensure that literary and artistic works reflect our green and low-carbon direction. We will develop related cultural and creative products and public service advertisements, and continue to carry out themed campaigns including Earth Day, World Environment Day, National Energy-Saving Week, and National Low-Carbon Day, so as to raise public awareness of green and low-carbon development and spur public enthusiasm for ecological civilization.

2．推广绿色低碳生活方式。坚决遏制奢侈浪费和不合理消费，着力破除奢靡铺张的歪风陋习，坚决制止餐饮浪费行为。在全社会倡导节约用能，开展绿色低碳社会行动示范创建，深入推进绿色生活创建行动，评选宣传一批优秀示范典型，营造绿色低碳生活新风尚。大力发展绿色消费，推广绿色低碳产品，完善绿色产品认证与标识制度。提升绿色产品在政府采购中的比例。

(b) Advocating green and low-carbon living patterns

We must curb luxury, waste, and unnecessary consumption, put a resolute stop to wasteful behaviors, and work tirelessly to reduce food waste in the catering industry. We will promote energy conservation throughout whole society, launch demonstration campaigns to build a green and low-carbon society, intensify initiatives to promote eco-friendly living patterns, select and publicize a group of role models, and foster new trends for green and low-carbon living patterns. We will vigorously expand green consumption, promote green and low-carbon products, and improve the system for green product certifications and labels. We will increase green government procurement rate.

3．引导企业履行社会责任。引导企业主动适应绿色低碳发展要求，强化环境责任意识，加强能源资源节约，提升绿色创新水平。重点领域国有企业特别是中央企业要制定实施企业碳达峰行动方案，发挥示范引领作用。重点用能单位要梳理核算自身碳排放情况，深入研究碳减排路径，“一企一策”制定专项工作方案，推进节能降碳。相关上市公司和发债企业要按照环境信息依法披露要求，定期公布企业碳排放信息。充分发挥行业协会等社会团体作用，督促企业自觉履行社会责任。

(c) Encouraging enterprises to fulfill their social responsibilities

We will encourage enterprises to take proactive steps to meet needs for green and low-carbon development, shoulder more responsibility for environmental protection, strengthen energy and resource conservation, and take green innovation initiatives to the next level. State-owned enterprises in key areas, especially those managed by the central government, should draw up peaking carbon dioxide emissions action plans and strengthen their ability to take the lead and offer guidance. Major energy consumers should review and account for their own carbon emissions, further explore ways to cut emissions, and formulate dedicated work plans tailored to their specific conditions to advance efforts in energy conservation and emissions reduction. Relevant listed and bond-issuing companies should disclose their carbon emissions according to requirements of environmental information disclosure laws. We will support industry associations and other similar social organizations in encouraging enterprises to fulfill their social responsibilities.

4．强化领导干部培训。将学习贯彻习近平生态文明思想作为干部教育培训的重要内容，各级党校（行政学院）要把碳达峰、碳中和相关内容列入教学计划，分阶段、多层次对各级领导干部开展培训，普及科学知识，宣讲政策要点，强化法治意识，深化各级领导干部对碳达峰、碳中和工作重要性、紧迫性、科学性、系统性的认识。从事绿色低碳发展相关工作的领导干部要尽快提升专业素养和业务能力，切实增强推动绿色低碳发展的本领。

(d) Increasing training for cadres

We will designate Xi Jinping’s thought on ecological civilization as a core part of education and training for officials. Party schools and academies of governance at all levels should include peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality in their programs and conduct phased training for officials at all levels. The training should popularize scientific knowledge, explain policy priorities, raise officials’ rule of law awareness, and deepen their understanding of the importance, urgency, scientific essence, and systematic approaches of work related to peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality. Leading officials in charge of green and low-carbon development should improve their professional competence and abilities as soon as possible to effectively fulfill their duties.

（十）各地区梯次有序碳达峰行动。

10. The action for promoting all regions to peak carbon dioxide emissions hierarchically and orderly

各地区要准确把握自身发展定位，结合本地区经济社会发展实际和资源环境禀赋，坚持分类施策、因地制宜、上下联动，梯次有序推进碳达峰。

All regions should clarify their development priorities by taking into account their economic and social development status and resource and environmental endowments, and proceed toward peaking carbon dioxide emissions with a categorized, region-specific, orderly approach in phases through coordination between different levels of government.

1．科学合理确定有序达峰目标。碳排放已经基本稳定的地区要巩固减排成果，在率先实现碳达峰的基础上进一步降低碳排放。产业结构较轻、能源结构较优的地区要坚持绿色低碳发展，坚决不走依靠“两高”项目拉动经济增长的老路，力争率先实现碳达峰。产业结构偏重、能源结构偏煤的地区和资源型地区要把节能降碳摆在突出位置，大力优化调整产业结构和能源结构，逐步实现碳排放增长与经济增长脱钩，力争与全国同步实现碳达峰。

(a) Setting sound, systematic targets

In areas where carbon emissions have been generally stabilized, we need to consolidate our achievements in emission reductions, and continue to cut down carbon emissions after firstly realizing peak carbon emissions. In areas with a relatively light industrial structure and an optimal energy mix, we need to stick to a path of green and low-carbon development, resolve not to follow the old path of relying on energy-intensive, high-emission projects to fuel economic growth, and above all, strive to peak carbon dioxide emissions. In areas with a heavy industrial structure or coal-dominant energy mix, and in areas that are economically reliant on local resources, we need to prioritize energy conservation and carbon emissions reduction, do our utmost to improve the industrial structure and energy mix, gradually decouple economic growth from carbon emissions growth, and endeavor to peak carbon dioxide emissions in line with the rest of China.

2．因地制宜推进绿色低碳发展。各地区要结合区域重大战略、区域协调发展战略和主体功能区战略，从实际出发推进本地区绿色低碳发展。京津冀、长三角、粤港澳大湾区等区域要发挥高质量发展动力源和增长极作用，率先推动经济社会发展全面绿色转型。长江经济带、黄河流域和国家生态文明试验区要严格落实生态优先、绿色发展战略导向，在绿色低碳发展方面走在全国前列。中西部和东北地区要着力优化能源结构，按照产业政策和能耗双控要求，有序推动高耗能行业向清洁能源优势地区集中，积极培育绿色发展动能。

(b) Promoting green and low-carbon development according to local conditions

In light of major regional strategies along with the strategy for coordinated regional development and the functional zoning strategy, all local governments should promote green and low-carbon development that is based on their own local realities. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area etc. will play their roles as drivers and growth poles for China’s high-quality development and lead the way in promoting an overall green transformation of economic and social development. The Yangtze Economic Belt, the Yellow River Basin, and the national ecological civilization pilot zones will strictly follow the strategic guidance to prioritize ecological conservation and boost green development, and take the lead in China’s drive to pursue a green and low-carbon development. In line with state industrial policies and requirements for controlling both the total amount and intensity of energy consumption and striving to improve the energy consumption structure, the central and western regions and northeast China will relocate energy-intensive industries to areas with clean energy potentials in an orderly manner and proactively foster new drivers for green development.

3．上下联动制定地方达峰方案。各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府要按照国家总体部署，结合本地区资源环境禀赋、产业布局、发展阶段等，坚持全国一盘棋，不抢跑，科学制定本地区碳达峰行动方案，提出符合实际、切实可行的碳达峰时间表、路线图、施工图，避免“一刀切”限电限产或运动式“减碳”。各地区碳达峰行动方案经碳达峰碳中和工作领导小组综合平衡、审核通过后，由地方自行印发实施。

(c) Formulating local peaking carbon dioxide emissions plans through coordination between central and local authorities

The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government will follow the overall plans and requirements of the state and take into consideration local resource endowments, industrial layouts, and development stages, considering whole-of-nation approach and avoiding “jump the gun,” to formulate their peaking carbon dioxide emissions action plans and set out pragmatic timetables, road maps, and blueprints. We must avoid “one size fitting all” approach for electricity consumption restriction and industrial production restriction, and must avoid campaign-style carbon mitigation. Upon the overall assessment and approval by the Leading Group on Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality (hereinafter referred to as the Leading Group) for realizing peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality, regional peaking carbon dioxide emissions action plans will be published and implemented by local governments.

4．组织开展碳达峰试点建设。加大中央对地方推进碳达峰的支持力度，选择100个具有典型代表性的城市和园区开展碳达峰试点建设，在政策、资金、技术等方面对试点城市和园区给予支持，加快实现绿色低碳转型，为全国提供可操作、可复制、可推广的经验做法。

(d) Carrying out pilot projects

The central government will provide more support for local governments to help them reach peaking carbon dioxide emissions. A total of 100 pilot cities and industrial parks will be designated and given support in terms of policy, funding, and technology to launch peaking carbon dioxide emissions trials, so that they will move faster toward their green and low-carbon goals and provide transferable experience that can be applied elsewhere in China.

四、国际合作

IV. International Cooperation

（一）深度参与全球气候治理。大力宣传习近平生态文明思想，分享中国生态文明、绿色发展理念与实践经验，为建设清洁美丽世界贡献中国智慧、中国方案、中国力量，共同构建人与自然生命共同体。主动参与全球绿色治理体系建设，坚持共同但有区别的责任原则、公平原则和各自能力原则，坚持多边主义，维护以联合国为核心的国际体系，推动各方全面履行《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《巴黎协定》。积极参与国际航运、航空减排谈判。

1. Participating in global climate governance

In enthusiastically communicating to the public Xi Jinping’s thought on ecological civilization, we are willing to share with others our concept and practices of pursuing ecological progress and green development, to contribute China’s wisdom, approach and strength to building a clean and beautiful world, and to work together toward building a community of life for humankind and nature. China will actively participate in the development of the global green governance system, and adhere to the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities as well as the principle of fairness. China will uphold multilateralism, safeguard the UN-centered international system, and urge all parties to fulfill the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement. We will take an active part in the negotiations on reducing greenhouse gas emissions in international aviation and shipping.

（二）开展绿色经贸、技术与金融合作。优化贸易结构，大力发展高质量、高技术、高附加值绿色产品贸易。加强绿色标准国际合作，推动落实合格评定合作和互认机制，做好绿色贸易规则与进出口政策的衔接。加强节能环保产品和服务进出口。加大绿色技术合作力度，推动开展可再生能源、储能、氢能、二氧化碳捕集利用与封存等领域科研合作和技术交流，积极参与国际热核聚变实验堆计划等国际大科学工程。深化绿色金融国际合作，积极参与碳定价机制和绿色金融标准体系国际宏观协调，与有关各方共同推动绿色低碳转型。

2. Carrying out green cooperation on business, technology, and finance

We will optimize the trade structure, and promote the trade of high-quality, high-technology and high value-added green products. We will step up international cooperation on green standards, promote the implementation of the system for conformity assessment cooperation and mutual accreditation, and ensure compatibility between the green trade rules and import & export policies. We will boost the import and export of energy-saving and environmental protection products and services. In expanding green technology cooperation, we will promote research cooperation and technological exchanges relating to renewable energy, energy storage, hydrogen power, carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage, and take an active part in major international scientific projects such as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor Project. We will intensify green finance cooperation across the world, actively participate in carbon pricing and global macro policy coordination on green finance standards, and work with all parties concerned to move forward with the transformation toward a green and low-carbon growth model.

（三）推进绿色“一带一路”建设。秉持共商共建共享原则，弘扬开放、绿色、廉洁理念，加强与共建“一带一路”国家的绿色基建、绿色能源、绿色金融等领域合作，提高境外项目环境可持续性，打造绿色、包容的“一带一路”能源合作伙伴关系，扩大新能源技术和产品出口。发挥“一带一路”绿色发展国际联盟等合作平台作用，推动实施《“一带一路”绿色投资原则》，推进“一带一路”应对气候变化南南合作计划和“一带一路”科技创新行动计划。

3. Making the Belt and Road Initiative a green initiative

We will follow the principle of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits, uphold openness, green development, and integrity in advancing the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), and strengthen cooperation with other participants on green infrastructure, green energy, and green finance. We will make overseas projects more environmentally sustainable, develop a BRI energy partnership characterized by green development and inclusiveness, and expand the export of new energy technology and products. We will bring into full play the role of cooperation platforms such as the BRI International Green Development Coalition, advocate the Green Investment Principles, advance the implementation of the Belt and Road South-South Cooperation Initiative on Climate Change and the Belt and Road Science, Technology, and Innovation Cooperation Action Plan.

五、政策保障

V. Policy Support

（一）建立统一规范的碳排放统计核算体系。加强碳排放统计核算能力建设，深化核算方法研究，加快建立统一规范的碳排放统计核算体系。支持行业、企业依据自身特点开展碳排放核算方法学研究，建立健全碳排放计量体系。推进碳排放实测技术发展，加快遥感测量、大数据、云计算等新兴技术在碳排放实测技术领域的应用，提高统计核算水平。积极参与国际碳排放核算方法研究，推动建立更为公平合理的碳排放核算方法体系。

1. Developing a unified and standardized carbon emissions measuring and counting system

We will improve our capacity for the statistics and accounting of carbon emissions, work for better accounting methods, and accelerate the establishment of a unified and standardized carbon emissions measuring and counting system. We will support industries and businesses in conducting methodology research on carbon emissions accounting based on their own characteristics, and set up a sound measuring system for that purpose. To upgrade measurement technology for carbon emissions, we will move faster to apply new technologies such as remote sensing measurement, big data, and cloud computing, and raise our statistical accounting capabilities. We will take part in international cooperation for accounting method development, thus promoting the establishment of fairer and more equitable carbon accounting systems.

（二）健全法律法规标准。构建有利于绿色低碳发展的法律体系，推动能源法、节约能源法、电力法、煤炭法、可再生能源法、循环经济促进法、清洁生产促进法等制定修订。加快节能标准更新，修订一批能耗限额、产品设备能效强制性国家标准和工程建设标准，提高节能降碳要求。健全可再生能源标准体系，加快相关领域标准制定修订。建立健全氢制、储、输、用标准。完善工业绿色低碳标准体系。建立重点企业碳排放核算、报告、核查等标准，探索建立重点产品全生命周期碳足迹标准。积极参与国际能效、低碳等标准制定修订，加强国际标准协调。

2. Improving laws, regulations, and standards

To build a legal system that supports the green and low-carbon development, we will promote the formulation and revision of the Energy Law, the Energy Conservation Law, the Electric Power Law, the Coal Industry Law, the Renewable Energy Law, the Law on Promoting the Circular Economy, and the Law on Promoting Clean Production. We will update energy efficiency standards at a faster pace, and revise a raft of energy consumption caps, compulsory national standards for the energy efficiency of products and equipment, and project construction standards, in an effort to raise the standards for energy conservation and carbon emissions reduction. We will refine the system of standards for renewable energy and expedite the pace of formulating and updating standards in these sectors. We will establish well-conceived standards for the production, storage, transportation and usage of hydrogen. We will improve standards on environmentally friendly and low-carbon development of industries. We will lay out standards for calculating, reporting, and verifying the carbon emissions from major enterprises, and explore ways to set life cycle carbon footprint standards for major products. We will actively participate in the formulation and revision of international standards on energy efficiency, low-carbon development etc., and strive for better alignment of these standards.

（三）完善经济政策。各级人民政府要加大对碳达峰、碳中和工作的支持力度。建立健全有利于绿色低碳发展的税收政策体系，落实和完善节能节水、资源综合利用等税收优惠政策，更好发挥税收对市场主体绿色低碳发展的促进作用。完善绿色电价政策，健全居民阶梯电价制度和分时电价政策，探索建立分时电价动态调整机制。完善绿色金融评价机制，建立健全绿色金融标准体系。大力发展绿色贷款、绿色股权、绿色债券、绿色保险、绿色基金等金融工具，设立碳减排支持工具，引导金融机构为绿色低碳项目提供长期限、低成本资金，鼓励开发性政策性金融机构按照市场化法治化原则为碳达峰行动提供长期稳定融资支持。拓展绿色债券市场的深度和广度，支持符合条件的绿色企业上市融资、挂牌融资和再融资。研究设立国家低碳转型基金，支持传统产业和资源富集地区绿色转型。鼓励社会资本以市场化方式设立绿色低碳产业投资基金。

3. Optimizing economic policies

All governments should deliver greater support to work related to peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality. We will establish a sound tax policy system that is conducive to green and low-carbon development, refine and implement preferential tax policies for energy and water conservation and the comprehensive use of resources, and better leverage the role of tax in spurring environmentally friendly and low-carbon development of market entities. We will refine green pricing policy for electricity, introduce sound tiered pricing for household electricity consumption and time-of-use electricity pricing, and explore ways to establish a dynamic mechanism for adjusting time-of-use electricity pricing. We will improve the evaluation mechanism and standards for green finance and establish a sound green finance standard system. We will make an all-out effort to develop green credit, equity, bond, insurance, fund and other financial instruments. With the introduction of tools which support carbon emissions reduction, we will guide financial institutions in providing long-term, low-cost funding for green and low-carbon projects, and encourage development and policy-backed financial institutions to provide continued long-term financial support for peaking carbon dioxide emissions initiatives by employing market-oriented and law-based measures. We will expand the depth and width of the green bond market, and support qualified green enterprises in their efforts to go public and refinance. We will research to set up a national fund for low-carbon transformation to support traditional industries and resource-rich regions in pursuing green transformations. Nongovernmental capital will be encouraged to set up green and low- carbon industry investment funds in a market-based manner.

（四）建立健全市场化机制。发挥全国碳排放权交易市场作用，进一步完善配套制度，逐步扩大交易行业范围。建设全国用能权交易市场，完善用能权有偿使用和交易制度，做好与能耗双控制度的衔接。统筹推进碳排放权、用能权、电力交易等市场建设，加强市场机制间的衔接与协调，将碳排放权、用能权交易纳入公共资源交易平台。积极推行合同能源管理，推广节能咨询、诊断、设计、融资、改造、托管等“一站式”综合服务模式。

4. Establishing sound market mechanisms

We will give full play to the role of the national carbon emission trading market, further refine supporting systems, and expand the trading scope in due course. We will build a national market for energy-use rights, improve the system for the paid use and trading of energy-use rights, and ensure its compatibility with the system to control both the total amount and intensity of energy consumption. We will make systematic efforts to build markets for trading carbon emission rights, energy-use rights and electricity, and make the market mechanisms better linked and more coordinated, so that the trading of carbon emission rights and energy-use rights can be included in trading platforms for public resources. We will promote contracted energy management, and encourage one-stop services for the consultancy, diagnosis, design, financing, renovation, and entrustment of energy-saving projects.

六、组织实施

VI. Implementation

（一）加强统筹协调。加强党中央对碳达峰、碳中和工作的集中统一领导，碳达峰碳中和工作领导小组对碳达峰相关工作进行整体部署和系统推进，统筹研究重要事项、制定重大政策。碳达峰碳中和工作领导小组成员单位要按照党中央、国务院决策部署和领导小组工作要求，扎实推进相关工作。碳达峰碳中和工作领导小组办公室要加强统筹协调，定期对各地区和重点领域、重点行业工作进展情况进行调度，科学提出碳达峰分步骤的时间表、路线图，督促将各项目标任务落实落细。

1. Strengthening planning and coordination

The CPC Central Committee will strengthen its centralized, unified leadership over the efforts to peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality. The Leading Group will make overall plans and systematic steps, and take a holistic approach to major issues and major policies. The members of the Leading Group will make solid efforts in line with the decisions and plans of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council and relevant requirements defined by the Leading Group. The Leading Group Office will strengthen planning and coordination, examine and coordinate work in all regions and key areas and industries on a regular basis, and scientifically put forward the timetable and road map for carbon dioxide peaking step by step so as to ensure the thorough and effective implementation of all targets and tasks.

（二）强化责任落实。各地区各有关部门要深刻认识碳达峰、碳中和工作的重要性、紧迫性、复杂性，切实扛起责任，按照《中共中央　国务院关于完整准确全面贯彻新发展理念做好碳达峰碳中和工作的意见》和本方案确定的主要目标和重点任务，着力抓好各项任务落实，确保政策到位、措施到位、成效到位，落实情况纳入中央和省级生态环境保护督察。各相关单位、人民团体、社会组织要按照国家有关部署，积极发挥自身作用，推进绿色低碳发展。

2. Ensuring responsibility

Being fully aware of the importance, urgency, and complexity of initiatives related to carbon dioxide peaking and carbon neutrality, all regions and departments must take on responsibilities, work toward the goals and major tasks defined in this plan and in line with the Working Guidance for Carbon Dioxide Peaking and Carbon Neutrality in Full and Faithful Implementation of the New Development Philosophy, focus on the key targets and important tasks, and ensure all policies and measures are implemented effectively. The performance of all these tasks will be subject to central and provincial environmental inspections. In light of state plans, all relevant departments, people’s organizations, and social groups should make full use of their strengths to promote green and low-carbon development.

（三）严格监督考核。实施以碳强度控制为主、碳排放总量控制为辅的制度，对能源消费和碳排放指标实行协同管理、协同分解、协同考核，逐步建立系统完善的碳达峰碳中和综合评价考核制度。加强监督考核结果应用，对碳达峰工作成效突出的地区、单位和个人按规定给予表彰奖励，对未完成目标任务的地区、部门依规依法实行通报批评和约谈问责。各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府要组织开展碳达峰目标任务年度评估，有关工作进展和重大问题要及时向碳达峰碳中和工作领导小组报告。

3. Exercising strict oversight and assessment

We will implement a system for controlling both carbon intensity and total carbon emissions, taking the former as the priority. We will coordinate the management, allocation, and assessment of energy consumption and carbon emissions targets, and gradually develop a sound and comprehensive evaluation mechanism for peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality. We will make better use of evaluation results, rewarding outstanding regions, organizations, and individuals for their contributions to achieving peak carbon dioxide emissions while holding accountable those regions and departments which fail to accomplish targets and tasks with circular criticisms and admonishment in accordance with laws and regulations. Governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government will evaluate the performance of major peaking carbon dioxide emissions targets on an annual basis, and report promptly to the Leading Group on the ongoing progress and major issues.