关于《关于新形势下党内政治生活的若干准则》和《中国共产党党内监督条例》的说明

Explanation on the Code of Conduct for Intraparty Political Life Under New Circumstancesand the Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Internal Oversight

习近平

Xi Jinping

受中央政治局委托，现在，我就《关于新形势下党内政治生活的若干准则》和《中国共产党党内监督条例》起草的有关情况向全会作说明。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

As entrusted by the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), I will now introduce to this session the circumstances surrounding the drafting of two important documents: The Code of Conduct for Intraparty Political Life Under New Circumstances; and the Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Internal Oversight.

今年2月，中央政治局决定，党的十八届六中全会专题研究全面从严治党问题，制定新形势下党内政治生活的若干准则，修订《中国共产党党内监督条例（试行）》，成立文件起草组，由我担任组长，刘云山、王岐山同志任副组长，有关部门和地方负责同志参加，在中央政治局常委会领导下进行工作。

In February this year, the Political Bureau decided to dedicate the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee to the issue of comprehensively governing the Party with strict discipline. Specifically, this would involve the formulation of a new code to govern political life in the CPC under new circumstances, and the revision of the Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Internal Oversight (Trial Implementation). For this purpose, a drafting group was assembled under the supervision of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau with myself as chief, my colleagues Liu Yunshan and Wang Qishan as deputy chiefs, and including the heads of relevant departments and local Party committees.

一、关于文件稿起草的几点考虑

I. Considerations behind the drafting of the two documents

在开展党的群众路线教育实践活动和“三严三实”专题教育中，不少同志建议结合新的形势，制定一个加强和规范党内政治生活的文件。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

As we were carrying out our campaigns to promote and practice the principle of serving and relying on the people and the “Three Stricts and Three Honests,” a number of Party members suggested that a document be formulated to tighten and better regulate political life within the CPC under new circumstances.

2014年1月12日，我在给刘云山、王岐山同志的批示中指出：“1980年制定的《关于党内政治生活的若干准则》，对于当时恢复和健全党内民主、维护党的集中统一、严肃党的纪律、促进党的团结，实现政治上、思想上、组织上、作风上的拨乱反正，实现全党工作中心的转移，发挥了重要历史作用。当前，《准则》对我们严肃和规范党内政治生活、弘扬党的优良传统和作风仍具有重要现实指导意义。”“30多年来，形势任务和党内情况发生了很大变化，党的建设既积累了大量新成果新经验，又面临许多新情况新问题。请你们考虑是否适当时机由中央就新形势下加强和规范党内政治生活作出一个决定，提出新的要求。”微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

On January 12, 2014, I issued a formal directive to Liu Yunshan and Wang Qishan, in which I made the following comments: “The Code of Conduct for Intraparty Political Life, formulated in 1980, played an important historical role in restoring and bolstering intraparty democracy, preserving the centralized uniformity of the CPC, enforcing Party discipline, enhancing the solidarity of the CPC, setting things right politically, ideologically, organizationally, and in terms of conduct, and shifting the focus of the CPC against the historical backdrop of that time. Today, this code still provides important practical guidance for our efforts to tighten and regulate political life within the CPC and carry forward our Party’s fine traditions and work style.” However, “a great deal has changed over the past 30 years, including not only our situation and tasks but also circumstances within the Party. Despite having yielded a wealth of achievements and experience in Party-building, we have also encountered a host of new situations and problems. Please consider whether the Central Committee should, at an appropriate time, draft a resolution on regulating and improving political life within the Party under new circumstances, to set forth new requirements in this regard.”

《中国共产党党内监督条例（试行）》自2003年12月31日颁布施行以来，对加强党内监督、维护党的团结统一发挥了积极作用。同时，随着形势任务发展变化，条例与新实践新要求不相适应的问题显现出来。形势发展需要我们对条例进行修订，围绕责任设计制度、围绕制度构建体系，强化上级党组织对下级党组织和领导干部的监督，做到责任清晰、主体明确，制度管用、行之有效。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

The Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Internal Oversight (Trial Implementation), on the other hand, were first promulgated on December 31, 2003. These regulations have played a positive role in enhancing CPC internal oversight and guaranteeing the solidarity and unity of the Party. However, as circumstances have evolved and our tasks have changed, it has become evident that these regulations are no longer suited to our current initiatives and requirements. Changing circumstances dictate that revisions are needed. This means designing institutions in accordance with responsibilities, developing these institutions into an overall framework, and enhancing the oversight of higher-level Party organizations over lower-level organizations and officials, so as to ensure that responsibilities are clearly defined and designated and institutions are effective and workable.

一段时间以来，围绕制定准则、修订条例，有关方面做了大量工作。2014年，由有关方面同志参加的工作小组就加强党内政治生活问题进行调查研究，形成了初步成果。根据中央纪委五次、六次全会关于健全党内监督制度的要求，中央纪委机关先后召开7次专题会议，研究党内监督条例修订工作。

People charged with the task began preparing for the formulation and revision of these two documents some time ago. In 2014, a task force began to study the question of improving political life within the Party, producing initial results. Meanwhile, pursuant to requirements laid out by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI) at its fifth and sixth plenary sessions, CCDI organs convened seven special sessions to discuss the revision of regulations on CPC internal oversight.

这些前期研究形成了一些重要成果，中央政治局综合分析，决定用一次中央全会专题研究这个问题。主要有以下几方面考虑。

These preliminary efforts were highly fruitful. Based on a comprehensive analysis of these results, the Political Bureau decided to dedicate a plenary session of the Central Committee to the topic of comprehensively governing the Party with strict discipline. This decision was based on the following considerations.

第一，这是完善“四个全面”战略布局的需要。协调推进“四个全面”战略布局，是党的十八大以来党中央从实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标、实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦的战略高度，统筹国内国际两个大局，把握我国发展新特征确定的治国理政新方略，是新的时代条件下推进改革开放和社会主义现代化建设、坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的战略抉择。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

First, this decision was necessitated by the “Four Comprehensives” strategy, a strategy which represents a new approach to national governance adopted by the Central Committee after the Party’s 18th National Congress in 2012. Framed in the overall strategic context of our “Two Centenary Goals” and the Chinese dream of national rejuvenation, this strategy has been developed on the basis of both domestic and international considerations, and in line with the newest trends of China’s development. It is a strategic choice that will facilitate our reform, opening up, socialist modernization, as well as our efforts to uphold and develop Chinese socialism in a new era.

几年来，党的十八届三中、四中、五中全会相继就全面深化改革、全面依法治国、全面建成小康社会进行了专题研究，这次六中全会再以制定修订两个文件稿为重点专题研究全面从严治党，“四个全面”战略布局就都分别通过一次中央全会进行了研究和部署。这是党中央根据“四个全面”战略布局对全会议题的一个整体设计。

The third, fourth, and fifth plenary sessions of the 18th CPC Central Committee have been respectively dedicated to comprehensively deepening reform, comprehensively advancing the rule of law, and comprehensively building a moderately prosperous society. Accordingly, the Central Committee has dedicated its sixth plenary session to the topic of comprehensively governing the Party with strict discipline, with a focus on the formulation and revision of these two documents. With this, each “comprehensive” has now been discussed and planned out at its own dedicated plenary session. This represents an overall agenda the CPC Central Committee has set for its plenary sessions in line with the “Four Comprehensives” strategy.

第二，这是深化全面从严治党的需要。全面从严治党是党的十八大以来党中央抓党的建设的鲜明主题。办好中国的事情，关键在党，关键在党要管党、从严治党。新的历史条件下，我们要更好进行具有许多新的历史特点的伟大斗争、推进中国特色社会主义伟大事业，就必须以更大力度推进党的建设新的伟大工程，坚定不移推进全面从严治党，切实把党建设好、管理好，保持党的先进性和纯洁性，增强党的创造力凝聚力战斗力，提高党的领导水平和执政水平，确保党始终成为中国特色社会主义事业的坚强领导核心。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

Second, this decision was necessitated by our effort to comprehensively govern the CPC with strict discipline. This has been the key focus of our Party-building initiatives since the 18th National Congress. China’s success hinges on the CPC, and especially on the principle that the CPC should supervise its own conduct and run itself according to a strict code of discipline. As we engage in a great struggle with many new historical features, and strive to advance the great cause of Chinese socialism under new circumstances, it is imperative that we intensify our efforts to promote the grand new undertaking of Party-building and commit to comprehensively governing the Party with strict discipline, ensuring that the CPC is developed and managed soundly. This means preserving the CPC’s advanced nature and purity, enhancing its creativity, cohesiveness, and capabilities, improving its capacity to lead and govern, and ensuring that it remains the firm leading core of Chinese socialism.

加强和规范党内政治生活、加强党内监督，都是新形势下加强党的建设十分重要的课题，也是我们推进全面从严治党的重要抓手。我们党抓党的建设，很重要的一条经验就是要不断总结我们党长期以来形成的历史经验和成功做法，并结合新的形势任务和实践要求加以创新。因此，有必要通过六中全会，对近年来特别是党的十八大以来从严治党的理论和实践进行总结，看哪些经过实践检验是好的，必须长期坚持；哪些可以进一步完善并上升为制度规定，以党内法规的形式固化下来；哪些需要结合新的情况继续深化。所以，党中央决定同时制定准则、修订条例，这是着眼于推进全面从严治党、坚持思想建党和制度治党相结合的一个重要安排。

Improving and regulating political life within the CPC, and enhancing CPC internal oversight, constitute important aspects of our Party-building under new circumstances, as well as important means of comprehensively governing the Party. An important lesson that our Party has learned from its Party-building initiatives is that we must always reflect on our past experiences and successful practices, and make innovations thereupon in line with the new situations, tasks, and practical needs before us. Therefore, it is essential that we make use of our time at the sixth plenary session to reflect on our theories and practices with regard to enforcing Party discipline in recent years, especially since the 18th National Congress. We need to look at which theories and practices have been validated and should be continued in the long term. We need to look at which ones can be further improved, elevated as institutions and rules, and codified in the form of Party regulations. And we need to look at which require further development in line with new conditions. The Central Committee’s decision to formulate the code and revise the regulations at the same time represents an important arrangement made with the aims of strictly governing the Party and strengthening the Party ideologically while governing it institutionally.

第三，这是解决党内存在突出矛盾和问题的需要。在长期实践中，党内政治生活状况总体是好的，但一个时期以来，也出现了一些亟待解决的突出矛盾和问题，主要是：在一些党员、干部包括高级干部中，理想信念不坚定、对党不忠诚、纪律松弛、脱离群众、独断专行、弄虚作假、庸懒无为，个人主义、分散主义、自由主义、好人主义、宗派主义、山头主义、拜金主义不同程度存在，形式主义、官僚主义、享乐主义和奢靡之风问题突出，任人唯亲、跑官要官、买官卖官、拉票贿选现象屡禁不止，滥用权力、贪污受贿、腐化堕落、违法乱纪等现象滋生蔓延。特别是高级干部中极少数人政治野心膨胀、权欲熏心，搞阳奉阴违、结党营私、团团伙伙、拉帮结派、谋取权位等政治阴谋活动。这些问题，严重侵蚀党的思想道德基础，严重破坏党的团结和集中统一，严重损害党内政治生态和党的形象，严重影响党和人民事业发展。周永康、薄熙来、郭伯雄、徐才厚、令计划等人严重违纪违法案件，不仅暴露出他们在经济上存在严重问题，而且暴露出他们在政治上也存在严重问题，教训十分深刻。这就使我们认识到，要解决党内存在的一些突出矛盾和问题，必须把党的思想政治建设摆在首位，营造风清气正的政治生态。我说过：“做好各方面工作，必须有一个良好政治生态。政治生态污浊，从政环境就恶劣；政治生态清明，从政环境就优良。政治生态和自然生态一样，稍不注意，就很容易受到污染，一旦出现问题，再想恢复就要付出很大代价。”

Third, this decision was necessitated by pronounced problems within our Party. Generally speaking, the political environment within the CPC has long been sound. However, recently, prominent problems have arisen that must be addressed urgently. These problems are mainly as follows: among some Party members, officials, and even high-ranking officials, there has been a wavering of ideals and beliefs, disloyalty to the Party, failure to observe discipline, estrangement from the people, as well as arbitrariness, falsification, incompetence, inertia, and nonfeasance; there has been varying degrees of individualism, decentralism, liberalism, “nice guy” mentality, sectarianism, “mountain-stronghold” mentality, and money-worshipping; there has been blatant practices of going through the motions, excessive bureaucracy, self-indulgence, pleasure-seeking and extravagance; there has been cronyism, cultivating of connections for promotion, buying and selling of official posts, and rigging of elections by paying for votes, despite repeated attempts to prevent these from happening; and there has been widespread abuse of power, embezzlement and bribery, moral degeneration, and violations of the law and codes of discipline. In particular, due to their growing political ambitions and lust for power, a handful of senior officials have hatched political plots by feigning compliance with policies while acting in opposition to them and forming self-serving cliques in pursuit of power and position. Such misconduct has severely undermined our Party’s political principles and moral foundations, its solidarity, centralism, and unity, its image and internal political environment, and the very cause of our Party and our people. The grave problems exposed by the cases of Zhou Yongkang, Bo Xilai, Guo Boxiong, Xu Caihou, and Ling Jihua were not just financial, but political as well, and they have given us much food for thought. We now realize that in order to resolve outstanding problems within our Party, we must give top priority to fostering political integrity and to creating a clean political environment. As I have said before, “A sound political environment is essential for success in any effort. A dirty political environment indicates a bad environment for governance, while a clean political environment indicates a good environment for governance. Political environments are just like natural environments: they can be polluted as the result of even the slightest negligence, and a high price must be paid if we are to restore them.”

党内监督是党的建设的重要内容，也是全面从严治党的重要保障。长期以来，党中央高度重视党内监督，采取了有力措施，取得了显著成绩。同时，也出现一些突出矛盾和问题，主要是一些地方和部门党的领导弱化、党的建设缺失、全面从严治党不力，一些党员、干部党的观念淡漠、组织涣散、纪律松弛，一些党组织和党员、干部不严格执行党章，漠视政治纪律、无视组织原则。一个时期以来党内发生的种种问题，与管党治党宽松软有密切关系。全面从严治党，必须从根本上解决主体责任缺失、监督责任缺位、管党治党宽松软的问题，把强化党内监督作为党的建设重要基础性工程，使监督的制度优势充分释放出来。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

CPC internal oversight represents an important aspect of Party-building, and an important foundation for comprehensively governing the Party with strict discipline. Having long emphasized the importance of CPC internal oversight, the CPC Central Committee has taken effective measures and managed to achieve a great deal in this regard. However, there have also been problems, mainly the following: In some localities and departments, the leadership of the Party has been weakened, Party-building has gone absent, and efforts to govern the Party have been inadequate; there has been apathy towards the principles of the Party, weak organization, and lax discipline among some Party members and officials; and some Party organizations, members, and officials have failed to observe the CPC Constitution and have disregarded the Party’s code of political discipline and organizational principles. The emergence of these problems in recent years is largely attributable to loose, lax, and soft standards in the administration and governance of the Party. In a bid to comprehensively govern the Party with strict discipline, we must fundamentally address the absence of leadership and oversight responsibilities for strict self-governance, and resolve the problem of loose, lax, and soft standards in the administration and governance of the Party. We must identify the strengthening of CPC internal oversight as a foundation initiative for Party-building, and fully exert the institutional advantage of such internal supervision.

党的十八大以来，我们把全面从严治党紧紧抓在手上，采取一系列新的举措加大管党治党力度，坚持正风肃纪、标本兼治，严明政治纪律和政治规矩，坚决遏制腐败蔓延势头，着力构建不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐的体制机制，层层落实全面从严治党主体责任和监督责任，着力解决党内存在的突出问题，党内政治生活出现许多新气象，党内政治生态明显好转，全党全社会高度认同。

Since the 18th National Congress in 2012, we have launched a highly-focused effort to comprehensively govern the Party with strict discipline. Taking a series of new steps to enhance the administration and governance of our Party, we have continued to implement a strict code of discipline and address both the symptoms and root causes of disciplinary problems. We have strictly enforced political discipline and political rules and resolutely curbed the spread of corruption. And we have worked to develop systems to ensure that officials dare not, cannot, and have no desire to commit acts of corruption. We have also worked to ensure that leadership and oversight responsibilities for strict self-governance are properly assumed at all levels of the Party, in a bid to resolve prominent problems within our ranks. As a result of these efforts, we have created new vistas in intraparty political life, seen remarkable improvements in our Party’s political environment, and won the full support of the Party and society.

同时，我们也清醒地看到，虽然党内存在的突出矛盾和问题很多得到了有效解决，但一些问题依然存在，一些问题解决得还不彻底，一些问题还可能再冒出来，必须继续努力，不断从思想上、政治上、组织上、作风上、制度上防范和解决党内存在的突出矛盾和问题。特别是要看到，新的历史条件下，国际国内形势发生了很大变化，我们党面临的执政环境和执政条件发生了很大变化，党面临的“四大考验”、“四种危险”是长期的、复杂的、严峻的。要把党内存在的突出矛盾和问题解决好，要有效化解党面临的重大挑战和危险，很重要的一条就是要完善规范、健全制度，扎紧制度的笼子，既使已经发生的突出矛盾和问题得到更加深入有效的解决，又有效防范新的矛盾和问题滋生蔓延、有效防范已经解决的矛盾和问题反弹复发。

Though many issues within our Party have been resolved, we need to realize that problems still exist. Some problems have yet to be totally resolved, and others could potentially emerge again. We must therefore make a continued effort to prevent and resolve pronounced problems within the Party ideologically, politically, organizationally, institutionally, and in terms of conduct. In particular, against the backdrop of major changes internationally and domestically, the conditions of our Party’s governance have changed remarkably. The “four tests” (long-term governance, reform and opening up, developing the market economy, and responding to the external environment) and “four dangers” (losing drive, incompetence, becoming out of touch with the people, and corruption) that our Party faces are complex, serious, and long-term in nature. If we are to resolve prominent problems within our Party and effectively defuse the major challenges and dangers facing us, it is essential that we improve our regulations and institutions and build a sturdier institutional cage. This way, we will not only provide thorough and effective solutions to existing problems, but also prevent new problems from emerging and spreading and past problems from reoccurring.

总之，面对新的形势和任务，制定一个新形势下党内政治生活的若干准则，修订党内监督条例，时机成熟、条件具备，要求迫切，意义重大。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

To sum up, in light of our new circumstances and tasks, we may say that the time is ripe and the conditions are right for the formulation of a new code of conduct for intraparty political life, and for the revision of regulations on CPC internal oversight. This is a highly significant move, one that is urgently needed.

二、关于文件稿起草过程

II. The process for drafting the two documents 

今年3月1日，党中央发出《中共中央关于对党的十八届六中全会研究加强和规范党内政治生活问题、修订〈中国共产党党内监督条例（试行）〉征求意见的通知》。文件起草组召开第一次全体会议，文件起草工作正式启动。

On March 1st this year, the CPC Central Committee issued a formal notice to solicit opinions on its proposition to study the topic of regulating and improving intraparty political life and revising the Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Internal Oversight (Trial Implementation) at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee. The drafting group called its first full meeting, officially commencing the drafting work.

这次征求意见，从反馈的情况看，各地区各部门各方面认为，党中央决定党的十八届六中全会专题研究全面从严治党问题并制定修订相关文件，充分体现了党中央坚定不移推进全面从严治党的坚强决心和历史担当，体现了全党的共同心声，对解决党内存在的突出矛盾和问题、确保党始终成为中国特色社会主义事业的坚强领导核心具有十分重要的意义。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

According to the feedback we received, the relevant localities, departments, and parties were in agreement that the decision to dedicate the Sixth Plenary Session to comprehensively governing the Party with strict discipline, and formulating and revising relevant documents demonstrated the Central Committee’s strong determination to strictly govern the Party and its historical responsibility in this regard. They held that this decision reflected the common will of the Party, and that it would have extremely important implications for resolving major problems within the Party and ensuring that the Party remains the firm leading core of the cause of Chinese socialism.

大家认为，新形势下开展严肃认真的党内政治生活，加强党内监督，既要继承和发扬我们党在长期实践中形成的优良传统和基本规范，又要结合新的形势和任务，在党内政治生活和党内监督的内容范畴、方向目标、原则要求、方法途径等方面与时俱进，推动党内政治生活和党内监督制度化、规范化、程序化。

There was general agreement that in order to carry out earnest political activities and strengthen CPC internal oversight, it was important not only that we carried forward the fine traditions and basic regulations our Party has fostered over many years, but also that we updated the content, scope, orientation, goals, principles, requirements, methods, and means of intraparty political life and supervision in view of new situations and tasks, so as to bring intraparty political life and supervision under prescribed institutions, standards, and procedures.

大家就新形势下加强和规范党内政治生活、加强党内监督提出了许多很好的意见和建议。文件起草组在起草过程中，充分考虑、认真吸收了大家的意见和建议。

We received a large number of constructive comments and suggestions on regulating and improving intraparty political life and enhancing CPC internal oversight under new circumstances, many of which were adopted by the drafting group after careful review.

在8个月时间里，文件起草组开展专题调研，广泛征求意见和建议，反复讨论修改。其间，中央政治局常委会召开3次会议、中央政治局召开2次会议分别审议文件稿。8月初，文件征求意见稿下发党内一定范围征求意见，包括征求党内部分老同志意见，还专门听取了民主党派中央、全国工商联负责人和无党派人士意见。

Over the past eight months, the drafting group has carried out dedicated surveys and research, solicited a broad range of comments and suggestions, and discussed revisions to the draft documents. During this time the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau convened three times and the Political Bureau met twice to discuss the draft documents. In early August, the drafts were made available to a selected number of Party members, including retired senior officials, for their comments; and a meeting was held to hear comments from leaders of other political parties, the heads of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, and also prominent citizens without party affiliation.

从反馈的情况看，各地区各部门各方面对准则稿和条例稿给予充分肯定，认为两个文件稿全面贯彻党的十八大和十八届三中、四中、五中全会精神，以党章为根本遵循，深刻总结党的建设历史经验，直面当前党内政治生活存在的突出矛盾和问题，围绕严肃党内政治生活提出明确要求，围绕加强党内监督作出具体规定，为新形势下加强和规范党内政治生活、加强党内监督提供了根本遵循。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

The feedback we received demonstrated the full endorsement of the various localities, departments, and parties who were asked to comment. In their opinion, the two documents fully embody the guiding principles of the 18th National Congress and the third, fourth, and fifth plenary sessions of the 18th Central Committee; adhere to the basic principles of the CPC Constitution; reflect profoundly on past experiences in Party-building; confront outstanding problems in intraparty political life at present; set forth explicit requirements for tightening intraparty political life; and identify specific regulations for enhancing CPC internal oversight, thus setting forth the fundamental principles for our efforts to regulate and improve intraparty political life and enhance CPC internal oversight under new circumstances.

大家认为，两个文件稿最鲜明的特点就是继承和创新的有机统一，既深入总结了我们党在加强自身建设方面的经验和教训，继承和发扬了我们党在长期实践中形成的制度规定和优良传统，又全面总结了党的十八大以来党中央推进全面从严治党的生动实践，对全面从严治党的理论和实践创新成果进行了集纳，并深入分析新形势下党的建设面临的新情况新问题，针对当前党内政治生活和党内监督存在的薄弱环节提出了明确措施，形成了新的制度安排，顺应了新形势新任务对严肃党内政治生活、加强党内监督的要求。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

The general view was that the two documents stood out for their close integration of tradition and innovation. On the one hand, the documents take stock of our past experiences and lessons in Party-building, and carry forward the systems, rules, and fine traditions our Party has fostered over a long period of time. On the other hand, the documents summarize the Central Committee’s initiatives to strictly govern the Party since the 18th National Congress; integrate theoretical and practical innovations in Party governance, and analyze new situations and problems confronting our Party-building initiatives. On this basis, they define specific measures to address existing weak links in intraparty political life and internal oversight, and put in place new institutional arrangements to reflect the demands of new situations and tasks on intraparty political life and internal oversight.

大家一致认为，坚持党中央集中统一领导，确立和维护党的领导核心，是全党全国各族人民的共同愿望，是推进全面从严治党、提高党的创造力凝聚力战斗力的迫切要求，是保持党和国家事业发展正确方向的根本保证。

There was unanimous agreement that upholding the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee, and establishing and preserving the Party’s leading core represent the common will of the entire Party and Chinese people, an urgent requirement for strictly governing the Party and for enhancing its creativity, cohesiveness, and capability, and also a fundamental guarantee to ensure that the causes of the Party and country stay on the right path.

大家还认为，党中央就两个文件稿在党内一定范围征求意见，是充分发扬党内民主、集中全党智慧的体现，是我们党解放思想、实事求是优良作风的体现。文件稿主题鲜明、思路清晰，内容丰富、重点突出，措施有力、务实管用，思想性、指导性、操作性都很强。文件稿经全会审议通过后，对加强和规范党内政治生活、加强党内监督、全面提高党的建设科学化水平，对更好进行具有许多新的历史特点的伟大斗争，实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标、实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦，具有重大现实意义和深远历史意义。

There was also agreement that in making the two draft documents available to a selected number of Party members for their comments, the CPC Central Committee had upheld the principle of intraparty democracy, drawn on the wisdom of the entire Party, and carried forward our Party’s fine tradition of freeing the mind and seeking truth from facts. The two documents stand out for their distinct themes, methodical thinking, rich content, clear priorities, and effective and practical measures, which make them highly insightful, influential, and operable. After being examined and approved by this plenary session, the documents will have a major bearing, both short and long term, on our efforts to regulate and improve intraparty political life, enhance CPC internal oversight, and make Party-building more scientific in all respects; on our great struggle with many new historical features; and on our push to realize the “Two Centenary Goals” and the Chinese dream of national rejuvenation.

在这次征求意见过程中，各地区各部门各方面对两个文件稿提出了许多好的意见和建议，据统计共提出1955条修改意见，扣除重复意见后为1582条，其中原则性意见354条、具体意见1228条。党中央责成文件起草组认真梳理和研究这些意见和建议。文件起草组对两个文件稿作出重要修改。

Many constructive comments and suggestions came from various localities, departments, and parties. A total of 1,955 revisions were suggested. After subtracting similar suggestions, a total of 1,582 suggestions remained, of which 354 concerned matters of principle and 1,228 concerned practical issues. These comments and suggestions were reviewed and studied by the drafting group at the request of the Central Committee. On this basis, the drafting group made important revisions to the drafts of the two documents.

三、关于文件稿起草的原则和基本框架

III. Principles for drafting the documents and the basic framework of the documents

在文件稿起草过程中，文件起草组着力把握以下原则。

The drafting group implemented the following principles during its drafting of the two documents.

一是继承和发扬党的优良传统和宝贵经验，着力贯彻党的十八大以来党中央提出的新理念新思想新战略，反映党中央推进全面从严治党的新经验新举措，并结合新的实践提出新观点新举措，体现时代性、创新性。突出全面从严治党这个主题，增强党自我净化、自我完善、自我革新、自我提高能力，明确新形势下加强和规范党内政治生活、加强党内监督的方向、目标、原则、任务、举措，以严的要求、严的标准、严的措施推动全党增强从严治党意识、落实管党治党责任。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

First, it set out to integrate new concepts, ideas, and strategies introduced by the CPC Central Committee since the 18th National Congress whilst carrying forward the fine traditions and valuable experiences of the Party. The drafting group worked to reflect the new experiences that the Central Committee has gained in its efforts to comprehensively govern the Party with strict discipline, whilst offering new ideas and measures in line with new initiatives, so as to ensure that the documents displayed both innovativeness and contemporary relevance. Laying emphasis on the theme of strictly governing the Party, it worked to strengthen the Party’s capacity to remain pure and to improve, renew, and surpass itself; clarify the orientation, goals, principles, tasks, and measures for regulating and improving intraparty political life and enhancing CPC internal oversight; and impose strict requirements, standards, and measures to raise the entire Party’s self-governance awareness and ensure that responsibilities are fulfilled.

二是坚持以党章为根本依据，突出尊崇党章、贯彻党章、维护党章，着力把党章关于党内政治生活和党内监督的要求具体化，把改革开放以来特别是近年来党中央出台的重要文件和党内法规中关于党内政治生活、党内监督的有关规定和要求系统化，推动党内政治生活和党内监督制度化、规范化、程序化。

Second, it upheld the CPC Constitution as the fundamental guideline. On the basis of upholding, implementing, and safeguarding the Constitution, the drafting group tried to spell out in detail requirements on intraparty political life and CPC internal oversight provided in the Constitution. It systematically organized rules and requirements on intraparty political life and internal oversight found in important documents and regulations formulated by the Central Committee since the launch of the reform and opening up drive, particularly in recent years, in a bid to bring intraparty political life and internal oversight under prescribed institutions, standards, and procedures.

三是坚持问题导向，聚焦党内政治生活和党内监督存在的薄弱环节，着力围绕理论、思想、制度构建体系，围绕权力、责任、担当设计制度，推动解决党内政治生活庸俗化、随意化、平淡化和党内监督制度不健全、覆盖不到位、责任不明晰、执行不力等问题。

Third, it pursued a problem-oriented approach. By taking aim at weak links in intraparty political life and internal oversight, the drafting group sought to establish frameworks on the basis of theories, ideas, and institutions, and design institutions on the basis of powers, obligations, and the assumption of duties, with a view to addressing vulgarization, randomness, and wish-washy practices in intraparty political life, as well as the problems of inadequate institutions and coverage, unclear responsibilities, and lackluster implementation in CPC internal oversight.

四是坚持统筹协调，加强顶层设计和系统谋划，着力处理好新准则、新条例和老准则、老条例以及其他党内法规的关系，做到既一脉相承又与时俱进。坚持必要性和可行性相统一，既从政治上对加强和规范党内政治生活、加强党内监督提出原则性要求，又针对问题提出切实可行的措施和办法，不搞面面俱到。

Fourth, it upheld the principle of overall coordination. By enhancing top-level design and systematic planning, the drafting group sought to balance the new code and regulations with the old code and regulations as well as other internal regulations of the Party, so that the new documents not only ran in continuity with past ones but also evolved as the times required. By integrating essential principles with practical measures, it not only introduced principled, political requirements on regulating and improving intraparty political life and enhancing CPC internal oversight, but also put forward practicable measures and methods targeted at specific problems, rather than simply trying to cover everything.

准则稿分三大板块、12个部分：第一板块是序言，属于总论，阐述党内政治生活的重大作用和历史经验、存在的突出问题、面临的形势任务以及新形势下加强和规范党内政治生活的重要性紧迫性，提出加强和规范党内政治生活的目标要求。

The Code of Conduct for Intraparty Political Life Under New Circumstances consists of 3 sections and 12 parts. The first section is an introduction, which provides a general overview of the code. It introduces the major role and key experiences of political life within the CPC, and describes the problems that currently exist, the situations and tasks we face, and the importance and urgency of regulating and improving intraparty political life under new conditions. It also sets forth targets and requirements for regulating and improving intraparty political life.

第二板块是分论，是主体部分，围绕坚定理想信念、坚持党的基本路线、坚决维护党中央权威、严明党的政治纪律、保持党同人民群众的血肉联系、坚持民主集中制原则、发扬党内民主和保障党员权利、坚持正确选人用人导向、严格党的组织生活制度、开展批评和自我批评、加强对权力运行的制约和监督、保持清正廉洁的政治本色12个方面分别提出明确要求、作出具体规定。

The second section deals with specific issues, and constitutes the main part of the code. This section identifies specific requirements and rules with regard to 12 aspects: reinforcing ideals and beliefs; upholding the basic line of the Party; safeguarding the authority of the Central Committee; enforcing the political discipline of the Party; preserving the close ties between the Party and the people; upholding the principle of democratic centralism; promoting intraparty democracy and guaranteeing the rights of Party members; adhering to sound criteria for selecting and appointing personnel; improving institutions for collective activities within the Party; conducting criticism and self-criticism; intensifying constraints and supervision over the use of power; and preserving political integrity.

第三板块是结束语，主要讲加强组织领导和督促检查、高级干部带头示范，确保各项任务落到实处。

The third section, the concluding remarks, talks mainly about enhancing leadership and supervision, calling on high-ranking officials to act as example-setters, and ensure the full implementation of all relevant initiatives.

条例稿共8章、47条，也分三大板块：第一章是总则，构成第一板块，列了9条，主要明确立规目的和依据，阐述党内监督指导思想、基本原则、监督内容、监督对象、监督方式以及强化自我监督、构建党内监督体系等重要问题。

In total, the Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Internal Oversight consist of 47 articles over 8 chapters, which are also divided into 3 main sections. The first chapter is the general principles, which constitute the first section and consist of nine articles. These articles mainly clarify the objectives and basis of the regulations, and expound on important issues such as the guiding thoughts, basic principles, content, objects, and means of CPC internal oversight, as well as the strengthening of self-supervision and the establishment of a CPC internal oversight framework.

第二章至第五章构成第二板块，是条例的主体部分，列了27条，分别就党的中央组织、党委（党组）、党的纪律检查委员会、基层党组织和党员这四类监督主体的监督职责以及相应监督制度作出规定。其中，将党的中央组织的监督单设一章，是对现行条例的突破，体现党中央以身作则、以上率下。

The second to fifth chapters make up the second section. This is the main body of the regulations, and consists of 27 articles. These four chapters respectively identify the supervision responsibilities of four major actors – organizations at the central level, Party committees or Party leadership groups, Party commissions for discipline inspection, and Party organizations and Party members at the community level – and define the systems for supervision that correspond to each. An entire chapter is dedicated to the supervision functions of Party organizations at the central level. This represents a breakthrough compared to existing regulations, and demonstrates the role played by the CPC Central Committee in leading by example.

第六章至第八章构成第三板块，列了11条，分别就党内监督和外部监督相结合、整改和保障、附则等作出规定。条例没有对中央部委和地方党委制定实施细则作出授权规定，体现全党必须一体执行，防止搞变通、打折扣。

The sixth to eighth chapters constitute the third section and consist of 11 articles, which include the integration of CPC internal oversight and external oversight, remedies and safeguards, and supplementary provisions. The regulations do not authorize central departments or local Party committees to formulate their own detailed implementation plans. This is to ensure that the entire Party implements the regulations in a uniform manner, and prevent any attempt to stretch or bend the regulations or implement them partially.

四、需要重点说明的两个问题

IV. Two points that need to be emphasized

第一，关于新准则稿和1980年准则的关系。党的十一届三中全会以后，我们党总结党内政治生活正反两方面经验特别是“文化大革命”的惨痛教训，于1980年制定了《关于党内政治生活的若干准则》。这个准则，在“文化大革命”结束后的那个特殊时期，对实现政治上、思想上、组织上、作风上的拨乱反正和全党工作中心的转移，促进党内的团结统一、保证改革开放和社会主义现代化建设顺利进行，发挥了十分重要的作用。

The first point concerns the relationship between the new code of political life and the one formulated in 1980. After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee in 1978, the CPC reflected on the positive and negative experiences of political life within the Party, especially the bitter lessons of the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976). This culminated in the formulation of the Code of Conduct for Intraparty Political Life in 1980. In the special period after the end of the Cultural Revolution, this code played a significant role in setting things right politically, ideologically, organizationally, in shifting the focus of the Party, in promoting solidarity and unity within its ranks, and in ensuring the smooth progression of reform, opening up, and socialist modernization.

1980年准则，既对当时党内存在的突出矛盾和问题提出了解决的办法，又对党在长期实践中取得的宝贵经验进行了归纳，是对马克思主义建党理论的丰富发展，具有开创性意义，其主要原则和规定今天依然适用。比如，关于党内政治生活的目标和基本准则，关于坚持党的政治路线和思想路线，关于坚持集体领导、反对个人专断，关于维护党的集中统一、严格遵守党的纪律，关于坚持党性，关于要讲真话、言行一致，关于发扬党内民主、正确对待不同意见，关于保障党员权利不受侵犯，关于接受党和群众的监督、不准搞特权，等等。这些都要继续坚持。

The 1980 version of the code not only provided solutions to the outstanding problems that existed in the CPC at that time, but also summarized the precious experiences that our Party had gained through its long-term endeavors. In this sense, it represented a pioneering effort to enrich and develop Marxist theories on Party-building. The major principles and rules it laid out are still applicable today. For example, the objectives and basic principles of intraparty political life; upholding the political line and ideological line of the Party; upholding collective leadership and opposing arbitrary decisions by individuals; guaranteeing the centralism and unity of the Party and observing Party discipline; upholding Party spirit; speaking our minds and ensuring that our deeds are in keeping with our words; promoting intraparty democracy and properly dealing with different opinions; ensuring that the rights of Party members are not violated; subjecting officials to the supervision of the Party and the people; and allowing for no privilege. These principles and regulations should still be observed today.

为什么还要制定一个新准则呢？党中央的考虑是，1980年准则虽然至今仍然具有重要指导意义，但由于这个准则针对的是当时的历史条件和主要矛盾，现在党内出现的一些突出矛盾和问题当时尚未遇到，而当时比较突出的一些矛盾和问题现在已经不突出了。党的十八大和修订通过的党章以及党的十八届三中、四中、五中全会对新形势下严肃党内政治生活有关问题作出了明确规定，但比较原则，需要具体化。改革开放以来特别是近年来制定的一系列党内法规和规范性文件，不少涉及规范党内政治生活问题，但比较分散，需要系统化。

Why formulate a new code then? In the Central Committee’s opinion, while the 1980 version has continued to act as an important guideline, the fact remains that it was very much geared towards the conditions and major problems of that particular period of time. Many of the prominent problems that currently exist within our Party were not present back then, while many problems from that time have ceased to be prominent. Clear requirements for enhancing intraparty political life under new circumstances have, in fact, already been laid out at the 18th National Congress, in the newly revised CPC Constitution, and at the third, fourth, and fifth plenary sessions of the 18th CPC Central Committee. However, these requirements are mainly just principles, and need to be listed in more detail. Meanwhile, while the topic of regulating Party life has appeared in numerous normative documents since the launch of the reform and opening up drive, especially in recent years, these stipulations are scattered over many documents, and need to be organized more systematically.

“法与时转则治，治与世宜则有功。”新形势下加强和规范党内政治生活，既要坚持过去行之有效的制度和规定，也要结合新的时代特点与时俱进，拿出新的办法和规定。我们制定和颁布新准则，不是要替代1980年准则，而是要在坚持其主要原则和规定的基础上，针对新情况新问题作出新规定。本着这一精神，在文件稿起草过程中，我们重申了1980年准则的主要原则和规定。新老准则相互联系、一脉相承，都是当前和今后一个时期党内政治生活必须遵循的。

As an old Chinese saying goes, “Order prevails when laws shift with the passage of time; success comes when rules meet the needs of their age.” To regulate and improve intraparty political life under new circumstances, we should not only uphold institutions and rules that proved to be effective in the past, but also introduce new methods and rules in line with new developments. The new code we are introducing is not intended to replace the 1980 code. Rather, its purpose is to identify new rules in accordance with new situations and problems whilst upholding the major principles and rules of the 1980 code. In keeping with this guiding principle, we have reiterated the major principles and rules of the 1980 code in the new code. Running in a continuous line, the old and new codes must be observed in intraparty political life both now and in the period ahead.

第二，关于以高级干部为重点。加强和规范党内政治生活、加强党内监督，是对全党提出的要求，也是全党的共同任务。同时，准则稿、条例稿都强调以高级干部为重点，主要考虑是加强党的建设必须抓好领导干部特别是高级干部，而抓好中央委员会、中央政治局、中央政治局常委会的组成人员是关键。把这部分人抓好了，能够在全党作出表率，很多事情就好办了。因此，加强和规范党内政治生活、加强党内监督，必须首先从这部分人抓起。

The second point that needs to be emphasized concerns officials in high positions. The task of regulating and improving intraparty political life and enhancing CPC internal oversight applies to the entire Party. It is a Party-wide requirement. However, it should be noted that both the code and the regulations lay particular emphasis on the role of high-ranking officials. Our reasoning is that in order to enhance Party-building, we must do a sound job of managing leading officials, especially those in high positions. This applies in particular to members of the Central Committee, its Political Bureau, and the Standing Committee of its Political Bureau. Things will be much easier if we can manage these people effectively and have them set an example for the entire Party. Therefore, we must prioritize the management of these people if we are to regulate and improve intraparty political life and enhance CPC internal oversight.

基于这样的考虑，我们在起草两个文件稿过程中，着重把高级干部突出出来。比如，准则稿第一部分就强调，新形势下加强和规范党内政治生活，重点是各级领导机关和领导干部，关键是高级干部特别是中央委员会、中央政治局、中央政治局常务委员会的组成人员，高级干部特别是中央领导层组成人员必须以身作则，模范遵守党章党规，严守党的政治纪律和政治规矩，坚持不忘初心、继续前进，坚持率先垂范、以上率下，为全党全社会作出示范。准则稿中需要对高级干部提出要求的也都作了强调。准则稿结尾时进一步强调，加强和规范党内政治生活，要从中央委员会、中央政治局、中央政治局常务委员会做起。高级干部要清醒认识自己岗位对党和国家的特殊重要性，职位越高越要自觉按照党提出的标准严格要求自己，越要做到党性坚强、党纪严明，做到对党始终忠诚、永不叛党。

In line with this thinking, we decided to lay emphasis on officials in high positions when we were drafting the two documents. For example, the first part of the code stresses that, to regulate and improve intraparty political life under new circumstances, emphasis should be laid on leading bodies and leading officials at all levels, the key being high-ranking officials, especially members of the Central Committee, its Political Bureau, and the Standing Committee of its Political Bureau. Officials in high positions, especially members of the central leadership, must set an example in their observation of the CPC Constitution and regulations, abide by the political discipline and political rules of the Party, and stay true to the Party’s cause and continue marching forward, thereby taking the lead in setting an example for the entire Party and society. Everything that is required of high-ranking officials has been given emphasis in the code. At the end of the code, it is further emphasized that efforts to regulate and improve intraparty political life should begin with the Central Committee, its Political Bureau, and the Standing Committee of its Political Bureau. Officials holding high positions must be soberly aware that their positions are of special importance to the Party and the country. The higher their rank, the more they must conduct themselves according to the standards imposed by the Party, and the more they must uphold Party spirit and Party discipline, ensuring that they always remain loyal to the Party and never betray it.

条例稿也对中央层面提出了专门要求。比如，专门就党的中央组织的监督单设一章，强调中央委员会成员必须严格遵守党的政治纪律和政治规矩，发现其他成员有违反党章、破坏党的纪律、危害党的团结统一的行为应当坚决抵制，并及时向党中央报告；中央政治局每年召开民主生活会，进行对照检查和党性分析，研究加强自身建设措施；中央政治局委员应当严格执行中央八项规定，自觉参加双重组织生活会，如实向党中央报告个人重要事项，带头树立良好家风，加强对亲属和身边工作人员的教育和约束；对中央政治局委员的意见，署真实姓名以书面形式或者其他形式向中央政治局常务委员会或中央纪律检查委员会常务委员会反映，等等。

The draft regulations also set forth special requirements on organizations at the central level. For example, an entire chapter is devoted to the supervision responsibilities of Party organizations at the central level. Members of the Central Committee must observe the political discipline and political rules of the Party, oppose any act that violates the CPC Constitution, undermines Party discipline, or jeopardizes the solidarity and unity of the Party, and immediately report such acts to the Central Committee. The Political Bureau of the Central Committee should hold democratic meetings every year to gauge their Party-building initiatives and Party spirit and explore ways of enhancing self-improvement. Members of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee should strictly abide by the Central Committee’s eight-point code of conduct, actively attend collective meetings of both higher-level and lower-level Party organizations, truthfully report their major personal affairs to the Central Committee, set an example in cultivating integrity in their families, and do more to guide and restrain their family members and staff members. In addition, complaints against members of the Political Bureau should be submitted to the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau or the Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI) in written form, or other forms, using one’s actual name.

准则稿最后提出要制定高级干部贯彻落实本准则的实施意见，指导和督促高级干部在遵守和执行党内政治生活准则上作全党表率。这项工作正在进行。

At the end of the code, it states that guidelines should be formulated for the implementation of the code by high-ranking officials. These guidelines will urge such officials to set an example for the entire Party in observing and implementing the code of conduct for intraparty political life. These guidelines are currently being formulated.

在征求意见过程中，一些地方和单位建议，把准则稿搞成条例那样的体例。我们考虑，准则在党内法规体系中位阶比较高，仅次于党章。这次制定的准则，是一个思想性、政治性、综合性很强的文件，要总结我们党长期以来在开展党内政治生活方面形成的宝贵经验和基本规范，阐明党关于开展严肃认真的党内政治生活的原则和立场，有很多问题需要讲讲道理。做到这些，用条例那样的体例是难以容纳的。至于涉及的一些具体规定，有些党内有关法规已经明确了，有些要进一步在今后其他有关法规的制订中贯彻落实。现在的准则稿同1980年准则风格是一致的。

Back when we were soliciting opinions, some localities and organizations suggested that the code be presented in the form of a list of stipulations. In our opinion, the code ranks highly in the hierarchy of intraparty regulations, being second only to the CPC Constitution. This code is a highly insightful, political, and comprehensive document. A lot of explanation was needed to properly summarize the valuable experiences our Party had gained and the basic norms it had formulated with regard to intraparty political life, and to expound on our Party’s principles and standpoints with regard to ensuring earnest intraparty political life. Therefore, we concluded that it would be difficult to fit all this content into a list of stipulations. As for certain specific rules, some have already been clarified in other intraparty regulations, while others will need to be further specified when we formulate other regulations in the future. The style of the new code is similar to that of the 1980 version.