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双语：伟大民族精神畅想
What Are the Four Great Spirits of the Chinese Nation?
李舫
Li Fang
一个国家的繁荣，离不开人民的奋斗；一个民族的强盛，离不开精神的支撑。
A country’s prosperity depends on the hard work of its people, and a nation’s strength is inseparable from the spirit to which it holds.
2018年3月20日，人民大会堂，全票当选连任国家主席的习近平发表重要讲话。习近平主席庄重地用四种精神——伟大创造精神、伟大奋斗精神、伟大团结精神、伟大梦想精神，深刻阐释中华民族精神，深情描绘亿万人民构建共同精神家园的美好图景。
On March 20, 2018, Xi Jinping, after being unanimously re-elected as the President of the People’s Republic of China, delivered an important address in the Great Hall of the People. He spoke of four great spirits – the spirit of creation, the spirit of struggle, the spirit of unity, and the spirit of the Chinese dream – as he expounded on the Chinese national spirit and passionately depicted hundreds of millions of Chinese people building together their shared spiritual home.
伟大民族精神，作为我们民族基因和精神族谱的重要组成部分，已经深深融入中华民族每一个人的血脉和灵魂，成为中国人民的丰富滋养。
The great spirit of the Chinese nation, as an essential element of Chinese national heritage and culture, has been deeply infused into the soul of all Chinese people, becoming a rich source of nutrition.
伟大创造精神
I. The great spirit of creation
在距离地球38万公里之外，是遥远的月球。人类视线不可及的月球背面，曾经让人寄予了无限的幻想和遐思。
More than 380,000 kilometers from the earth, the moon sits distant. The far side of the moon, beyond the reach of human eyes, has been a limitless source of imagination and fantasy for humankind.
2019年1月3日，一张清晰的月背影像图“刷屏”世界各大媒体，这是人类第一张近距离拍摄的月球背面影像图。令全世界为之震惊的是，这个注定要在人类太空探索史上留下浓墨重彩的伟大篇章，是由中国科学家创造完成的。
On January 3, 2019, a clear image of the far side of the moon went viral on the world’s major media outlets. It is the first close-range picture of the far side of the moon taken by human beings, but what most shocked the world was that this picture, which is destined to become part of a rich and colorful chapter in the history of human space exploration, was taken by Chinese scientists.
这一天，嫦娥四号探测器在月球背面翩然降落，发回了峻峭高山和凹凸不平撞击坑的清晰图片，8天后，嫦娥四号着陆器、玉兔二号巡视器又发回互拍照片。这是中国大国重器和科技加速度的高光时刻。
On that day, the Chang’e-4 lunar probe successfully landed on the far side of the moon and sent back to the earth high-definition images of steep mountains and uneven impact craters. Eight days later, the Chang’e-4 lander and Yutu-2 rover sent back photos of themselves that they had taken of each other. This was a moment that highlighted China’s rapid advances in science and core technologies.
尽管人类早在20世纪60年代就登上月球，但人类对月球的了解仍然浅显，抵达月球背面实地探究具有极高的科学价值，是全世界科学家长久以来的向往。而今，一个中国的探测器，完成了一次震撼无比的地外天体登陆，成就了人类又一个伟大梦想的“落地”。
Although humans first set foot on the moon in the 1960s, our knowledge of it has remained limited. To land on the far side of the moon and carry out field exploration is of great scientific value and has long been a dream of scientists all over the world. Today, a Chinese probe has successfully completed a world-changing landing on the surface of an extraterrestrial body, thus turning into reality yet another great dream of humanity.
在时间的阶梯上，梦想拾级而上，仿佛瞬息即达。但这向上的一步，汇聚了无数中国人生生不息的艰苦奋斗，蕴含了无数中国人夜以继日的呕心沥血。
In ascending the ladder of time, this dream has flown up the rungs, seemingly becoming reality in the blink of an eye. However, the truth is that every step up the ladder has been the result of hard work by countless Chinese people working day and night.
浑厚丰饶的时间，如一道无解的谜题，在某一天缓缓地包藏了它的秘密，又在某一天，断然将这些秘密舒展开来。
Time is like a riddle without an answer, casually concealing its secrets one day and suddenly revealing them the next.
“稷下”之名，在《史记》中就有记载。因稷门而名的“稷下学宫”，顺应战国时代变法改革的历史潮流而产生。公元前376年，齐国国君田午面临着统治有待巩固、人才匮乏的现实，他继承齐国尊贤纳士的优良传统，在国都的稷门附近建起了一座巍峨的学宫，广招文学游说之士讲学议论，成为各学派活动的中心。“稷下学宫”由此而生，后世亦称“稷下之学”。一时间，天下学术，皆出“稷下”。这是中国文明史的奇迹，更是世界文明史的奇迹。思想的活跃、创造的丰盈，打造了百家争鸣的舞台，营造了文化包容的氛围，形成了思想多元的格局。
The name “Jixia” can be found in the Records of the Grand Historian. The Jixia Academy, the name of which was derived from the Gate of Ji, was founded during the Warring States Period (475-221 BC) in response to the historical trend of reform and revolution. In 376 BC, faced with the reality of a reign in need of consolidation and a shortage of talent, Duke Tian Wu of the State of Qi continued the fine tradition of respecting and recruiting talented people and established a grand academy near the Gate of Ji in the state capital. The academy invited a broad range of literary figures and speakers to teach and give lectures, becoming a hub of activities for various schools of thought. Thus, the Jixia Academy was born, which later became known as the Jixia School. For a time, Jixia was the home of all academic achievements. It represented a miracle of Chinese civilization; even more than that, of world civilization. Dynamic thinking and abundant creativity fostered a platform upon which a hundred schools of thought could contend, created an atmosphere of cultural inclusiveness, and formed a landscape of diverse thought.
我们不难想象，在时间的深处，有这样一群人轰轰烈烈，衔命而出，他们用自己的智慧、立场、观点、方法，去观察，去思索，去判断——然后，去创造。他们带来了人类文明的道道霞光，点燃了激情岁月的想象和期盼，形成了中华文明百家争鸣的格局。
It is not hard to imagine that at some point in the depths of time past, a group of vigorous people with a sense of mission employed their wisdom, standpoint, views, and methods to observe, deliberate, judge, and finally create. They added vibrancy to human civilization, sparked flames of imagination and aspiration among the young, and gave rise to a hundred flourishing schools of thought.
我们祖先或许未曾料到，在此后的两千多年，“稷下学宫”孕育的思想光芒，经历了百家争鸣，散播成中华民族的气度和风骨。正是这样的文化脉络、文明传统，造就了自古以来就具有伟大创造精神的中国人民。
Our ancestors may not have expected that more than 2,000 years later, notions conceived at the Jixia Academy would survive the contending among different schools of thought, and would spread into the bearing and character of the Chinese nation. It is exactly this kind of cultural thread and civilizational tradition that have, since ancient times, imbued the Chinese people with a spirit of creation.
——沿着这道波澜壮阔的历史长河，中国人民始终扎根生活、秉笔直书，产生了老子、孔子、庄子、孟子、墨子、荀子、韩非子、董仲舒、程颢、程颐、朱熹、王阳明、王夫之等闻名于世的伟大思想巨匠，创作了诗经、楚辞、汉赋、唐诗、宋词、元曲、明清小说等伟大文艺作品，传承了格萨尔王、玛纳斯、江格尔等震撼人心的伟大史诗，留下了浩如烟海的文化遗产。这是中华民族千百年来的文化理想，也是中华民族千百年来的家国诗篇。
Throughout the magnificent history of the Chinese nation, our people have always drawn inspiration from everyday life and wielded the pen to record the truth. China has produced world-renowned thinkers including Laozi, Confucius, Zhuangzi, Mencius, Mozi, Xunzi, Han Feizi, Dong Zhongshu, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi, Zhu Xi, Wang Yangming, and Wang Fuzhi and great literary works such as The Book of Songs, The Songs of Chu, the rhymed prose of the Han Dynasty, the poetry of the Tang and Song dynasties, operas of the Yuan Dynasty and the novels of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and has passed on great moving epics such as the tales of King Gesar, Manas, and Jangar. Such a vast cultural heritage has, over thousands of years, shaped the Chinese people’s cultural ideal and their understanding of family and nation.
——沿着这道浩浩汤汤的历史文脉，中国人民始终辛勤劳作、发明创造，发明了造纸术、火药、印刷术、指南针等深刻影响人类文明进程的伟大科技成果，在农学、医学、天文、算学等多个领域硕果累累。创造力作为中华民族赓续绵延的禀赋和力量，不仅铸就了辉煌璀璨的中华文明，而且深刻影响着当代中国的发展进步，高性能计算机、量子通信、北斗导航、载人深潜等尖端成就相继问世，重大创新成果竞相涌现。如今，中国科技实力正处于从量的积累向质的飞跃、点的突破向系统能力提升的重要时期。
Following this remarkable historical thread, the Chinese people have always worked hard and engaged in innovation. China invented papermaking, gunpowder, printing, and the compass, all important scientific and technological advances that have had a profound impact on human civilization, and our efforts have also been fruitful in many other fields, such as agriculture, medicine, astronomy, and arithmetic. Creativity, as the ceaseless endowment and strength of the Chinese nation, has both shaped the splendid Chinese civilization and is deeply influencing the development of today’s China. Cutting-edge achievements have emerged one after another, such as high-performance computers, quantum communications, the Beidou Navigation Satellite System, and deep-sea manned submersibles, and there has been an explosion of major innovations. Today, China’s scientific and technological capacity is undergoing an important transition from quantitative to qualitative growth and from individual breakthroughs to comprehensive upgrading.
——沿着这道枝繁叶茂的历史文脉，中国人民始终勤勉耕耘、自强不息，建设了万里长城、都江堰、大运河、故宫、布达拉宫等气势恢宏的伟大工程。进入新时代的中国，基础设施建设成就显著，信息畅通，公路成网，铁路密布，高坝矗立，西气东输，南水北调，高铁飞驰，巨轮远航，飞机翱翔，天堑变通途。我们已是世界第二大经济体、制造业第一大国、货物贸易第一大国、商品消费第二大国、外资流入第二大国，外汇储备连续多年位居世界第一。
Continuing along this vibrant historical and cultural tradition, the Chinese people have always worked diligently and tirelessly to make our country strong. We have constructed magnificent projects including the Great Wall, the Dujiangyan irrigation system, the Grand Canal, the Imperial Palace, and the Potala Palace. In the new era, China’s infrastructure is developing rapidly to realize unimpeded information flow, a network of highways, dense railway coverage, towering dams, west-to-east gas transmission, south-to-north water diversion, high-speed rail, huge ships, modern airplanes, and grand bridges turning deep chasms into thoroughfares. China is now the world’s second-largest economy, largest manufacturer and trader of goods, and second-largest consumer of goods and destination for foreign investment, and our foreign exchange reserves have been the largest in the world for many years running.
是的，时空证明了一切。从“稷下学宫”的思想碰撞，到太空里的曼妙遨游，毫无疑问，伟大创造精神就是让梦想奔跑起来的强大力量。正是这强大力量，推动着一个伟大民族创造伟大成就、书写伟大辉煌。
Truly, everything becomes clear with time. From the collision of ideas at the Jixia Academy to the incredible exploration of outer space, it is undoubtedly the great spirit of creation that is the powerful force making our dreams come true. It is this force that drives our great nation to achieve remarkable feats and write glorious chapters.
伟大奋斗精神
II. The great spirit of struggle
2019年，五四运动100周年。4月30日，习近平总书记在纪念五四运动100周年大会上发表重要讲话，高度评价五四运动的历史意义和时代价值。
青春的脉搏，穿越漫长的时间和广袤的空间，在神州大地跳动。100年过去了，仍然如此强劲。青春不老，激情澎湃。1919年5月4日，中华民族危难之际，数千名爱国青年代表怀抱“中国向何处去”的深刻追问和思考，高呼“国土不可断送、人民不可低头”、“废除二十一条，拒绝在巴黎和约上签字”，表达他们的爱国激情，一场席卷了千百万民众的五四运动就此爆发。如同平地一声春雷，五四运动唤起了人们为国家前途命运而奋斗的信念，唤起了人们对新思想新文化的追求，成为那个时代的最强音。
This year marks the centenary of the May Fourth Movement. After 100 years, the pulse of China’s youth continues to beat through time and space, as strong as ever. Youthfulness does not age, and youthful passion never dies. On May 4, 1919, in an hour of national crisis, thousands of young Chinese who loved their country asked, with deep reflection, the question of where China was going. They shouted, “Chinese territory must not be forfeited and Chinese people must not bow their heads,” and “Annul the Twenty-One Demands and refuse to sign the Treaty of Versailles.” Their passionate patriotic expression exploded into the May Fourth Movement, which drew the attention of millions of people. Like the first clap of spring thunder, the May Fourth Movement awoke Chinese people’s belief in fighting for the future of the nation and sparked the pursuit of a new culture and fresh ideas, and became the strongest voice of that era.
时光流逝，百年往矣。五四运动的狂飙与呐喊虽已散去，然而，爱国、进步、民主、科学的五四精神却一直沉浸在中华民族奋斗的血脉里，激荡成变革历史的滚滚洪流，标注为一个民族的精神坐标。在五四精神激励下的中国人民，为拯救民族危亡、捍卫民族尊严、凝聚民族力量的奋斗从未停息。
The passage of time continues, and 100 years have gone by. Although the tempest and rallying cry of the May Fourth Movement are gone, the movement’s spirit of patriotism, progress, democracy, and science has been immersed in the blood, sweat, and tears of the Chinese people, surging into a mighty tide of reform and becoming a landmark of the Chinese national spirit. This spirit has inspired the Chinese people’s endless struggle to save the nation from destruction, preserve national dignity, and rally national strength.
天下艰难际，奋斗造英雄。近代以来，一切为中华民族独立和解放而艰苦奋斗的人们，一切为中华民族摆脱外来殖民统治和侵略而英勇奋斗的人们，一切为中华民族掌握自己命运、开创国家发展新路而不懈奋斗的人们，他们是当之无愧的民族英雄，他们是值得骄傲的国家荣光。在他们身上，展现了天下兴亡、匹夫有责的爱国情怀，视死如归、宁死不屈的民族气节，不畏强暴、血战到底的英雄气概，百折不挠、坚忍不拔的必胜信念。这样的情怀、这样的气节、这样的气概、这样的信念，体现了中华民族的伟大奋斗精神。
Heroes are born of struggle in times of great misfortune. All those who fought for the independence and liberation of the Chinese nation, who fought to free the Chinese nation from foreign colonization and aggression, and who fought tirelessly to create a new path of development so that the Chinese nation could control its own destiny, should now in modern times be hailed as national heroes and the pride of our country. They demonstrated a kind of patriotic sentiment that compels people to share responsibility for the fate of the nation; a sense of national integrity that empowers people to look death in the face and never yield; a heroic mettle that instills people with the courage to fight to the bitter end; and an unyielding and indomitable belief in victory. This kind of sentiment, integrity, mettle, and belief embody the Chinese people’s great spirit of struggle.
一个敬重历史、怀念过往的民族不能忘记奋斗，一个迈步未来、走向繁荣的国家更不能忘记奋斗。在硝烟散去、岁月宁静的和平年代，我们尤须记得，正是因为中国人民的不懈抗争和持续奋斗，我们的国家才有了今天的独立自主，我们的民族才有了今天的发展繁荣，我们的人民才有了今天的幸福生活。
A nation that respects history and remembers the past should not forget the importance of struggle, and this is even more the case for a country striding forth toward the future and prosperity. In times of peace, when the smoke of war has cleared and peace has been restored, we must remember that it is because of the unrelenting resistance and constant struggle of the Chinese people that China is now independent, our nation is prosperous, and our people enjoy happy lives.
体育承载着国家强盛、民族振兴的梦想。
Sports carry forward the Chinese people’s dream of a strong, prosperous, and reinvigorated nation.
1981年，改革开放进入第4个年头，正是需要振奋精神、凝聚共识的时刻。这年11月，中国女排第一次夺得世界杯冠军。随后，女排姑娘们再接再厉，几年间连夺奥运会、世锦赛金牌，创下五连冠的奇迹。比冠军更让人激动的，是女排体现出来的拼搏精神。那些姑娘们，用训练中的刻苦、比赛中的顽强，让对手为之折服，让观众为之赞叹。“学习女排，振兴中华”，激励了无数人的爱国之心。
In 1981, China’s reform and opening up entered its fourth year. It was a time when boosting people’s morale and building consensus was much needed. In November of that year, the Chinese women’s volleyball team won the World Cup for the first time. Over the years that followed, the women’s team redoubled their efforts and won gold in the Olympics and the world championship, miraculously snatching the gold medal five times in a row. Even more thrilling than the championships was the spirit of struggle displayed by the team members, who through diligent training and tenacious competition were able to subdue their opponents and amaze their spectators. The inspiring motto of “learn from the women’s volleyball team and reinvigorate the Chinese nation” reinforced the love of country for countless people across China.
精神的力量，并非只存在于体育的高光时刻，更在危难关头屡屡突破命运的阴霾。2008年，中国经历了新中国成立以来破坏性最大、波及范围最广、救灾难度最大的汶川大地震。在与自然灾害的殊死搏斗中，中国人自强不息、顽强拼搏，万众一心、同舟共济，自力更生、艰苦奋斗，展现出人类最高贵美好的品格。
This strength of spirit has not only emerged in sporting highlight moments, but has also shone through the clouds of fate in times of crisis. In 2008, China was struck by the Wenchuan earthquake, which was the single most destructive earthquake with the most widespread impact and most difficult relief efforts since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. During the bitter fight against this natural disaster, the Chinese people were united as one with a shared purpose and relied on their own efforts with unfailing perseverance, thus demonstrating the dignity and beauty of humanity in the greatest sense.
我们不难发现，在每一次创造、每一次对目标的超越、每一次从困难中站起来的背后，都有一股精神的力量。一个民族的精神，正是在她的人民应对挑战的艰苦奋斗中铸就。
It is not hard to see that behind every creation, every effort to surpass an objective, and every attempt to stand firm amidst hardship, there exists the strength of spirit. The spirit of a nation is forged through the hard work and struggle of its people in responding to challenges.
奋斗，深深融入中华民族的血液中。中国人民拥有的一切，是中国人民的智慧结晶，更是中华民族的奋斗使然。40年改革不息，70年长歌未央，5000年扬鞭奋蹄，从开启新纪元到跨入新时期，从站上新起点到进入新时代，中华民族始终奋斗不息。习近平总书记在多个场合反复强调中华民族的奋斗精神：“幸福都是奋斗出来的”，“奋斗本身就是一种幸福”，“新时代是奋斗者的时代”……习近平总书记阐释的“奋斗幸福观”，是中国人民实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的最有力的动员令。
The spirit of struggle runs through the course of the Chinese people. Everything that we have today is a crystallization of our wisdom and, even more so, a result of our hard work. Over 40 years of uninterrupted reform, 70 years of constant effort, and 5,000 years of continuously spurring ourselves onward; from beginning a new epoch to entering a new stage, and from standing at a new starting point to ushering in a new era, the Chinese nation has strived tirelessly forward. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized the Chinese people’s spirit of struggle on multiple occasions. “Happiness is attained through struggle.” “Struggle itself is a kind of blessing.” “The new era is an era of people striving.” Xi’s interpretation of struggle as a blessing is the most powerful call to all Chinese people to work for realization of the Chinese dream of national rejuvenation.
沉淀在中华民族血脉和灵魂中百折不挠的奋斗精神，是推动中国革命、建设、改革事业不断前进的强大精神动力。社会主义是干出来的，新时代是干出来的。新时代是奋斗者的时代，是实现梦想的时代。奋斗，是实现梦想的必由之路。对于千千万万普通人，“中国梦”最能唤醒理想，“我奋斗我幸福”最能打动人心。“中国梦”是要实现的目标，“奋斗”是最具体的方法。习近平总书记的“奋斗幸福观”告诉每个人：我们在参与创造伟大时代的同时，也在创造自己的美好生活、美好人生。在新时代，我们必须永远保持奋斗精神，以永不懈怠的精神状态和一往无前的奋斗姿态，继续把改革开放推向前进，继续为实现社会主义现代化强国的奋斗目标和中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦奋勇前进。
The indomitable spirit of struggle permeating the soul of the Chinese people is a powerful source of aspiration for advancing China’s revolution, development, and reform. Socialism was established through action, and the new era will be no different. The new era belongs to people who strive; it is the era in which dreams come true. Struggle is the only way to realize our dreams. For myriads of ordinary people, the Chinese dream is the most rousing ideal, and “I struggle, therefore I am happy” are the most moving words. The Chinese dream is the goal, and struggle is the most tangible way to achieve it. Xi Jinping’s concept of struggle as a blessing says to every person that, as we endeavor to create this great era, we are also creating happy and fruitful lives for ourselves. In the new era, we must always maintain the spirit of struggle, and strive with endless and indomitable energy toward further progress in China’s reform and opening up and the goal of realizing socialist modernization and national rejuvenation.
伟大团结精神
III. The great spirit of unity
一张黑白老照片，记录了1958年6月28日毛泽东与库尔班·吐鲁木亲切握手的场景。20世纪50年代，这位名叫库尔班·吐鲁木的新疆普通百姓，为表达翻身得解放的感恩之情，多次想“骑着毛驴上北京看望毛主席”，毛泽东两次亲切接见了他。2017年3月10日，习近平总书记参加十二届全国人大五次会议新疆代表团审议时，买买提依布热依木·买买提明代表把这张老照片交给习近平总书记时说：“库尔班大叔的家人一再嘱咐我，要把他们的祝福带给总书记。”习近平总书记仔细端详这张珍贵的照片，一一询问库尔班大叔家人的情况，并请买买提依布热依木·买买提明转达对他们的问候。
black and white photograph records the scene of Mao Zedong warmly shaking hands with Kurban Tulum on June 28, 1958. In the 1950s, in order to express his gratitude for gaining liberation, this ordinary man from Xinjiang named Kurban Tulum thought several times about “riding a donkey to Beijing to visit Chairman Mao,” and was twice received by Mao Zedong. On March 10, 2017, General Secretary Xi Jinping was attending discussions by the Xinjiang delegation at the Fifth Session of the 12th National People’s Congress, when Xinjiang deputy Mehmet Yibureyimu Memetmin handed the photograph to Xi, saying, “Uncle Kurban’s families have asked me many times to send you their greetings.” Xi looked closely at this precious photo, before enquiring after Kurban’s family and asking Memetmin to return the greeting.
此前，库尔班大叔的长女托乎提汗，已经委托孙女如克亚木·麦提赛地写信给习近平总书记，感谢党和政府的关怀，表达了热爱祖国、热爱新疆、热爱家乡的愿望。2017年春节前夕，习近平总书记给库尔班大叔一家回了信，向年届九十的托乎提汗和她的家人及乡亲们送上祝福：“得知你们一大家100多人都过上了幸福生活，我非常高兴。”在信中，他还写道：“咱们新疆好地方，民族团结一家亲。”
Prior to this, Tohtihan Kurban, the eldest daughter of Uncle Kurban, had entrusted her granddaughter Rukyam Maitisaidi to write a letter to Xi thanking the Party and government for their care and expressing a fervent love of the nation, the region of Xinjiang, and their hometown. On the eve of the 2017 Spring Festival, Xi replied to Uncle Kurban’s family and sent his blessings to Tohtihan, who was well into her 90s, and to her family members and fellow villagers, writing, “I’m delighted to hear that your large family of over 100 people all live happy lives now.” He also wrote, “Xinjiang is a wonderful place, where people of different ethnic groups live in unity as one big family.”
这个故事是中华各民族相互了解、相互尊重、相互包容、相互欣赏、相互学习、相互帮助的伟大团结精神的真实写照。
This story is a true reflection of the great spirit of unity of the various ethnic groups of China who understand, respect, accommodate, appreciate, learn from, and help each other.
同舟共济，众志成城，团结一心，患难与共，历来是中华民族的伟大精神。在几千年历史长河中，中国人民始终精诚团结，建立了统一的多民族国家。中华民族既是中国56个民族的总称，同时也是一个自觉的民族实体，56个民族像石榴籽一样紧紧抱在一起。
Standing together in times of hardship, finding strength in unity, and sharing each other’s fate – this has long been the great spirit defining the Chinese nation. Over the past several thousand years, the Chinese people have always come together in good faith, establishing China as a unified country comprised of many ethnic groups. The “Chinese nation” is the general term for the 56 ethnic groups residing within China, and at the same time constitutes a self-aware ethnic entity of 56 ethnic groups remaining closely united, like the seeds of a pomegranate sticking together.
爱国，是人世间最深层、最持久的情感，是一个人立德之源、立功之本。维护祖国统一和民族团结，必须弘扬爱国主义精神。
Love for one’s country is the most profound and enduring emotion in the world; it is the foundation on which a person may establish sound morality and accomplish merits. To safeguard our national unity and ethnic solidarity, we must promote the spirit of patriotism.
“你是中国人吗？”“你爱中国吗？”“你愿意中国好吗？”1935年9月17日新学年开学典礼上，著名教育家张伯苓向南开大学学生们问了三个问题。彼时，正值中华民族危亡之际，时局动荡，人心思乱。作为一位深具使命感的爱国人士，张伯苓忧心忡忡。他感到，有必要通过一次演说，同南开学生谈一谈办学的意义、家国的意义。他对学生们说，如果你是中国人、爱中国、愿意中国好，那么你就要为家为国为公团结起来。这瞬间点燃了学生们的爱国之情。
“Are you Chinese?” “Do you love China?” “Do you want to see China develop well?” These were the three questions proposed by famous educationalist Zhang Boling to students at the opening ceremony of Nankai University’s new school year on September 17, 1935. That was a time when the Chinese nation was in a state of peril and upheaval, and people had lost their sense of common purpose. As a patriot with a strong sense of mission, Zhang Boling was greatly disturbed by the situation. He felt it was necessary to speak to Nankai University students about the significance of education and about loving one’s motherland. He said, “If you are Chinese, if you love China, and if you want China to develop well, then for your home, for your country, and for the public good, you should unite in solidarity.” In an instant, these words sparked the students’ patriotic fervor.
2019年1月，习近平总书记在南开大学考察时，高度评价张伯苓的“爱国三问”，他说这既是历史之问，也是时代之问、未来之问。中国成为中国，正在于有千千万万中国人生于斯、长于斯，情感系于斯、认同归于斯。深沉的爱国主义、浓厚的家国情怀，早已融入民族心，铸就民族魂。走出流血牺牲、生死考验的语境，走出神州陆沉、存亡绝续的背景，仍然需要我们一代代这样问下去、答下去，才能为“中国号”巨轮破浪前行提供最深厚的底气、最有力的支撑。
In January 2019, while visiting Nankai University, General Secretary Xi Jinping spoke highly of Zhang Boling’s “three patriotic questions,” declaring them to be not only questions of history, but also questions for the present era and the future. China is what it is today thanks to the countless Chinese people who are born and raised on this land, and who are connected to it emotionally and see it as part of their identity. Deep patriotism and strong sentiment toward our motherland has long been part of our ethos, forged into the soul of the Chinese nation. To move on from a historical context in which our people spilled blood and faced challenges of life-and-death, and in which our nation’s very fate was at stake, it remains crucial that we, as ongoing generations of Chinese people, continue to ask and answer these questions. Only in this way can we have the fullest confidence in and provide the strongest support for China, as like a great ship she breaks the waves and sails into the distance.
这种在国家生死存亡之际对民族兴亡的思索、对民族精神的张扬，正于慷慨悲歌声中孕育着一个伟大古老民族的觉醒。近代以来，以爱国主义为核心的中华民族精神，提振到了一个全新的高度。彼时凡有理想血气之青年，无不以爱国自尚，高扬爱国主义旗帜的中国各族人民，在伟大团结精神的激励下，手挽着手、肩并着肩，英勇奋斗，浴血奋战，打败了一切穷凶极恶的侵略者，共同书写了中华民族保卫祖国、抵御外侮的壮丽史诗，实现了中华民族从站起来、富起来到强起来的历史性飞跃。
It was precisely this reflection over the future of the Chinese nation and the promotion of our national spirit while our country’s fate hung in the balance that incubated the awakening of our great and ancient nation. Since the advent of modern times, our national spirit with patriotism at its core has been elevated to a new high point. In those early days, all aspiring and courageous Chinese youth were unquestionably patriotic. Upholding patriotism and motivated by the great spirit of unity, Chinese people of all ethnic groups stood shoulder to shoulder and fought bravely. They waged a bitter fight and ultimately defeated their brutal and vicious aggressors, jointly writing for the history books a magnificent epic of safeguarding the motherland and resisting foreign aggression. They enabled China to realize the historic transition from standing up and growing prosperous to becoming strong.
中华民族的伟大团结精神，如月之恒，如日之升，是中华民族同心同德、同心同向的强大精神力量，是中华民族生生不息的动力源泉。多元一体的中华民族的形成，不仅仅缘于共同的地缘、相似的环境，更缘于中华民族的伟大团结精神。在共同奋斗中形成的中华民族团结统一的优良传统，又进一步塑造了中华民族的伟大团结精神。一部中华民族发展史，就是各族人民团结、统一、奋进的历史；中国取得令世人瞩目的发展成就，就是56个民族同心同德、众志成城的结果。
The Chinese nation’s great spirit of unity is as constant as the moon and the sun; it is a powerful source of strength driving the Chinese people to work in the same direction with one heart and one mind, and is a source of energy keeping our nation alive. As a pluralistic unity, the Chinese nation is not only based on shared geographical conditions and similar environments among different ethnic groups, but is also nurtured by the great spirit of national unity. The fine traditions of unity and solidarity fostered through the concerted efforts of all Chinese people further cultivate this great spirit of unity. The Chinese nation’s history of development is the history of people of all ethnic groups in China coming together to forge ahead. China owes its remarkable achievements in development to the concerted efforts of people from 56 ethnic groups who are united as one.
伟大梦想精神
IV. The great spirit of the Chinese dream
1867年的某一天，13岁的严复，走进福州船政学堂学习驾驶，开始他一生为中国“寻求富强”的梦想轨迹。
One day in 1867, 13-year-old Yan Fu walked into Fuzhou Shipping School to learn how to drive, thus embarking on his lifelong journey of seeking ways to make China prosperous and strong.
1898年，甲午战争后的第3年，严复翻译的《天演论》付梓问世。一时间，“天演”、“物竞”、“适者生存”等新名词很快充斥报纸刊物，成为社会文化生活中最活跃的字眼儿。因受《天演论》的影响，鲁迅改变了自己的世界观，更多的中国人走出国门，去西洋和东洋了解列强之所以强大的原因。
In 1898, three years after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-95, Yan Fu’s Chinese translation of Evolution and Ethics was published. Within a short space of time, new phrases such as “evolution,” “natural selection,” and “survival of the fittest” were flooding newspapers and journals and becoming the most popular terms of social and cultural life. Under the influence of this book, more and more Chinese started going abroad to study the reasons for success of both Western and Eastern powers.
那些年间，几代中国人前赴后继，方案不同，救亡图存的想法则一。他们都有一颗拳拳中国心，他们争取民族独立和人民解放的梦想是那么急迫、实现国家富强和人民幸福的渴望是那么强烈。遗憾的是，他们都没有找到真正挽狂澜于既倒的力量源泉，中华民族的前途依然是那么渺茫。
During those years, generations of Chinese people worked endlessly and unremittingly, and though different in their approaches, they all shared the same aspiration of saving the Chinese nation. They all loved the country deeply; their desire for national independence and people’s liberation, for the prosperity and strength of the country, and for the happiness of the people was both urgent and strong. However, they failed to find the source of strength that could turn the situation around, and the future of the Chinese nation remained uncertain.
1921年，严复辞世。恰是这一年，中国共产党在嘉兴南湖红船上，完成了只有十几个人参加的中国共产党第一次全国代表大会。28年后，中国共产党建立起崭新的中华人民共和国。
Yan Fu died in 1921. That year also happened to mark the first national congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), which was held on a red boat on the Nanhu Lake in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, and attended by a mere dozen or so participants. Twenty-eight years later, the CPC established the brand-new People’s Republic of China.
中国产生了共产党，这是开天辟地的大事件。中国共产党团结带领中国人民不懈努力的光辉历程，就是中华民族实现伟大梦想的奋斗历程。1949年9月30日，开国大典前一天，人民英雄纪念碑奠基。在奠基仪式上，毛泽东朗诵了亲手起草的纪念碑文，祭悼那些为了实现中华民族伟大梦想不懈奋斗的英雄们：
The birth of the CPC was an event of epochal significance. The glorious course of the CPC uniting and leading the Chinese people in an unremitting effort represents the historical struggle of the Chinese nation to realize its great dream. On September 30, 1949, on the eve of the founding ceremony of the People’s Republic of China, the foundation stone of the Monument to the People’s Heroes was laid. At the groundbreaking ceremony, Mao Zedong read the memorial inscription, which he had drafted himself, to mourn the heroes who had worked tirelessly to realize the great dream of the Chinese nation. The inscription read as follows:
三年以来，在人民解放战争和人民革命中牺牲的人民英雄们永垂不朽！
“Eternal glory to the heroes of the people who laid down their lives in the people’s war of liberation and the people’s revolution in the past three years!
三十年以来，在人民解放战争和人民革命中牺牲的人民英雄们永垂不朽！
Eternal glory to the heroes of the people who laid down their lives in the people’s war of liberation and the people’s revolution in the past thirty years!
由此上溯到一千八百四十年，从那时起，为了反对内外敌人，争取民族独立和人民自由幸福，在历次斗争中牺牲的人民英雄们永垂不朽！
Eternal glory to the heroes of the people who, from 1840 laid down their lives in the many struggles against domestic and foreign enemies and for national independence and the freedom and well-being of the people!”
理想因其远大而为理想，信念因其执着而为信念。七十载往矣，在新中国的征程上，“人民”和“梦想”成为民族复兴的高频词。
An ideal is an ideal because it is lofty, and a belief must be persistently held to be defined as a belief. During the course of building the People’s Republic of China over the past seven decades, the words “people” and “dream” have been frequently used in the context of our national rejuvenation.
2014年，被誉为“燃灯者”的高级法官邹碧华突发疾病，倒在了司法改革征程中，生命永远定格在了47岁。4年后，在庆祝改革开放40周年大会上，邹碧华的妻子唐海琳眼含热泪，为他接过“改革先锋”的奖章。作为上海市高级人民法院原党组成员、副院长，邹碧华怀抱着使命和梦想，在推进司法体制改革的道路上倾注了毕生精力，为司法正义耕种下一片法治试验田。
In 2014, senior judge Zou Bihua, who had been revered as a torchbearer, died from sudden illness. His death came in the midst of judicial reforms; his age forever froze at 47. Four years later, at a commemorative event to mark the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up, Zou’s wife Tang Hailin accepted the “Pioneer of Reform” medal on Zou’s behalf, her eyes brimming with tears. As a former member of the CPC leadership group and vice president of the Shanghai Higher People’s Court, Zou Bihua embraced his mission and dream and devoted his life to reforming the judicial system, cultivating fertile testing grounds for judicial justice.
灯火常在，行者不孤。怀抱中华民族伟大复兴梦想的燃灯者又何止邹碧华！
As long as there is light, one does not walk alone. There are many people like Zou Bihua who illuminate a path for others to help realize the Chinese dream of national rejuvenation.
1946年8月，程开甲赴英留学。新中国成立后，程开甲放弃了国外优厚条件回到中国，1960年，加入到我国核武器研究的队伍，从此“消失”了20余年。从1963年第一次踏进罗布泊到1985年，程开甲一直生活在核试验基地，为开创中国核武器研究和核试验事业，默默一生，倾注了全部心血和才智。直到他辞世，其功勋，其英名，才在神州大地争相传颂。
In August 1946, Cheng Kaijia went to study in the United Kingdom. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, he gave up his lucrative situation overseas and returned to China. In 1960, he joined China’s nuclear weapon research and development team, where he worked in obscurity for more than 20 years. From the moment he walked into Lop Nor in 1963 up until 1985, Cheng never left nuclear test sites. He worked without recognition and devoted all his energy and wisdom to developing China’s nuclear weapons and conducting nuclear tests. It was not until after his death that his name and accomplishments became known throughout China.
新中国成立70年，燃灯者遍及神州大地，平凡的感动无处不在。江苏省江阴市老人张纪清化名“炎黄”，做了几十年好事，“用化名和假地址，就是怕人找到”；坐了一夜的火车，90后电力工、准爸爸张乾萌终于回到了河北省武安市的家中，探望临盆妻子，半小时后千里返岗，正是他和伙伴们日夜坚守岗位，才确保旅客能准点平安回家；河南省淅川县毛堂乡庙沟小学地处深山，是一所骑摩托车到乡里都要几十分钟的山区小学，李长敏在这里默默奉献了40年，带领孩子们站在自己的肩头，眺望和走向外面的世界……
Over the seven decades since the founding of the People’s Republic, there have been a great many people willing to be the “light in the darkness” across the country, moving the nation through ordinary deeds. Zhang Jiqing, an old man in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, has been doing good deeds under the pseudonym of “Yan Huang” for several decades, saying that, “I use a fake name and address because I don’t want people to recognize me.” After spending a night on the train, Zhang Qianmeng, a power-line worker and father-to-be from the generation born in the 1990s, finally arrived at his home in Wu’an, Hebei Province. After spending just 30 minutes with his wife while she was in labor, he returned to his post miles away. It is thanks to him and his fellow workers holding to their posts day and night that passengers are able to travel safely and on time. Miaogou Primary School of Maotang Township, Xichuan County, Henan Province is located deep in the mountains, and takes almost an hour to reach by motorbike from the township. Li Changmin has been working in this school for 40 years, guiding the children there to reach far and look out to see the world outside.
一滴水，可以折射太阳的光辉；一盏灯，可以照亮前行的道路。这些英雄们，怀抱梦想，高举灯火，如阵阵清风吹散了迷雾，让精神纽带一点点延展开来。
Just as a single drop of water can reflect the radiance of the sun, so too can a lamp illuminate the way ahead. These heroes, embracing their dreams and holding their lamps aloft, are like a fresh breeze dispersing the mist to reveal the path ahead, and little by little they enhance the spiritual bond that links all Chinese people.
现在，中国人民的伟大梦想就是全面建成社会主义现代化强国、实现中华民族伟大复兴。全体中华儿女在这一梦想下汇聚、受这一梦想激励、为这一梦想奋斗。这是我们前行的目标，更是我们前进的动力。我们不允许任何人打断我们追梦的征程，任何人也打断不了我们追梦的征程！
Today, the great dream of the Chinese people is to build China into a great modern socialist country and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. All sons and daughters of the Chinese nation are united in pursuing this dream, are inspired by this dream, and are striving toward its realization. It is the goal toward which we strive, and even more so it is what drives us forward. We will never allow anyone to stand in our way as we work toward realizing this dream, and no one will be able to deter us from our journey.
山再高，往上攀，总能登顶；路再长，走下去，定能到达。岁月之河奔涌向前，历史从不会等待犹豫者、观望者、懈怠者、软弱者。中华民族是具有伟大创造精神、伟大奋斗精神、伟大团结精神、伟大梦想精神的民族，坚决地发扬这种精神，就一定能够实现中华民族伟大复兴，就一定能够赢得更加美好的未来！
No matter how high the mountain or how long the road, as long as we continue to advance, we will reach our destination. The river of time flows on, and history does not wait for the hesitant, the undecided, the apathetic, or the weak. The Chinese people are a nation imbued with the great spirit of creation, struggle, unity, and the Chinese dream. We must resolutely carry forward this spirit, so as to realize the renewal of the Chinese nation and create a brighter future!
文章来源：求是
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