中国为世界人权事业树立了新典范
China Is Setting up a New Model for World Human Rights
林松添
Lin Songtian
人权是全人类的共同追求，主要包括人身、政治、经济、社会、文化等权利。保障人民的生存权和发展权，满足人民就业、居住、温饱、医疗和教育“五大”基本权利，让全体人民都过上幸福生活是最重要的人权，也是各国政府义不容辞的责任和义务。
For peoples of the world, human rights, including the rights of the person, and the political, economic, social, and cultural rights, represent the common aspiration and pursuit for all. Accordingly, governments around the world are duty-bound to guarantee people’s rights to subsistence and development, and to secure people’s fundamental rights to food, to shelter, to work, to school and to hospital, and to ensure people’s happiness as the most achievement of human rights.
1949年新中国成立以来，中国共产党始终把为人民谋幸福、为人类谋发展作为奋斗目标，在“一穷二白”的基础上创造了世界发展奇迹。如今，在960多万平方公里的中国土地上，没有战乱恐惧、没有流离失所，13多亿人民享受着安宁、自由、幸福的生活，以史上最快的人权进步和最好的人权实践为世界树立了新典范。
Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has always strived to pursue happiness for the people and development for the mankind, transforming China from a country of basic survival to a world development miracle. Today, the 1.3 billion Chinese people are enjoying their life of peace, freedom and happiness, free of fear of war or conflict. China, with its fastest human rights progress and best practices of human rights protection, is setting up a new model for the world cause of human rights.
中国共产党和政府始终致力于让全体人民都过上美好幸福生活。经过40年的改革开放，中国人均GDP已由1978年的227美元飙升至2017年的近9000美元，城镇和农村居民人均可支配收入分别增长106.1倍和100.2倍。7.5亿贫困人口成功脱贫。更重要的是，到2020年底，14亿中国人民将全面、彻底摆脱贫困。这是中国共产党和政府对人类人权事业的庄严承诺和伟大创举。
The CPC and the Chinese government have always been committed to uplifting living standard of the Chinese people. After four decades of reform and opening-up, China’s per capita GDP has soared from US$227 in 1978 to nearly US$9,000 in 2017. Per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents have respectively increased by 106.1 and 100.2 fold. 750 million people have been lifted out of poverty. More importantly, by the end of 2020, poverty will be completely eliminated across the entire 1.4 billion Chinese population. This is the solemn commitment and a great undertaking by the CPC and the Chinese government to the human rights cause of mankind.
中国人享有充分的教育和就业。中国实行九年义务教育，高中教育全国普及。全国共有高校2913所，在校生3779万人。中国年均创造1100多万个就业新岗位。拥有13亿人口的中国失业率保持在5%以下。
The Chinese people enjoy ample education and employment opportunities. China follows a system of nine-year compulsory education, and high school education is also accessible to all across the entire country. There are 2,913 institutions of higher education in China, enrolling 37.79 million students. With more than 11 million new jobs created each year, China has managed to contain its unemployment rate at or under 5%.
中国人享有全面的基本保障。截至2018年6月，基本养老保险、失业保险、工伤保险参保人数分别达到9.25亿、1.91亿、2.3亿，基本医疗保险覆盖人口超过13亿。中国人均预期寿命已达到76.7岁，孕产妇死亡率从1989年的十万分之94.7下降到2017年的十万分之19.6。
The Chinese people enjoy comprehensive social security benefits. By June 2018, the number of participants in the basic endowment insurance, employment insurance, and work-related injury insurance respectively registered 925 million, 191 million, and 230 million. Over 1.3 billion people are covered by the basic medical insurance. Average life expectancy has reached 76.7 years, and the maternal mortality ratio has dropped from 94.7 in 1989 to 19.6 in 2017 per 100,000 population.
中国人享有高度的人身和言论自由。中国互联网上网人数已高达8.02亿，手机用户超过13亿，手机上网人数达7.88亿，互联网普及率达57.7%。每月微博活跃用户超过4亿，网民每天产生信息量多达300亿条。只要不违法，任何人可在任何地方发表任何言论。在中国，任何人在任何地方和时候都可以自由安全出行。网购已遍及中国城乡。
The Chinese people enjoy a high degree of personal freedom and the freedom of speech. There are 802 million internet users, over 1.3 billion mobile phone users, and 788 million mobile internet subscribers in China. The internet penetration rate is 57.7%. Active internet bloggers register over 400 million, and on average over 30 billion posts are published every day. Within the scope of the law, anyone could express his or her views anywhere anytime. In China, anyone could travel freely and safely at any time to anywhere. Online shopping has also reached all corners of Chinese cities and rural areas.
中国人享有充分的宗教自由与最大包容。中国拥有世界上所有主要宗教，佛教、道教、伊斯兰教、天主教和基督教等宗教信教公民近2亿人，宗教教职人员38万余人，依法登记的宗教活动场所14.4万处。其中，仅新疆的清真寺就达2.44万座，是美、英、德、法四国总和的两倍多。
The Chinese people enjoy full religious freedom and a most inclusive social environment. All world’s major religions, including Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism, and Christianism are practiced in China with nearly 200 million religious believers, over 380,000 religious personnel, and 144,000 lawfully registered religious sites for worship. In Xinjiang alone, there are 24,400 Islamic mosques, more than doubling the combined numbers of the United States, Britain, Germany, and France.
西方一些人指责中国政府在新疆开展职业技能培训是“种族隔离”、“宗教迫害”、“再教育营”，显然是别有用心。
Some people in the West accuse the Chinese government’s vocational training programs in Xinjiang as ‘racial segregation’, ‘religious persecution’, or ‘re-education camp’. Such attempt is clearly driven by ill intention or mere bias and prejudice.
新疆创办职业技能培训学校，免费培训当地青年人提供培训并为其就业或经商谋生创造条件，这是中国政府去极端化和消除滋生恐怖主义的重要创新。迄今，新疆已连续2年未发生暴力恐怖案件，刑事和治安案件大幅下降，群众安全感显著增强。2017年，新疆地区生产总值增长7.6%，全年接待境内外游客突破1亿人次，同比增长32.4%。事实证明，中国不走西方“以暴制暴”的老路，而走预防为主、标本兼治的新路，最大程度地保护了最广大人民的人权。
The vocational training schools established in Xinjiang offer free training opportunities for the local young people and assist them in finding jobs or starting a business. This is a major innovation by the Chinese government to tackle extremism and terrorism. Thanks to this practice and other measures, Xinjiang has remained for two consecutive years free from violent terrorist attacks, and the number of criminal and security offenses has drastically declined. Today, people in the region feel much safer than before. In 2017, Xinjiang’s GDP grew by 7.6%. The region received over 100 million tourists from both home and abroad, an increase of 32.4%. What has happened proves that by abandoning the Western practice of “fighting violence with violence”, China has opened up a new path that focuses on prevention and addresses both the symptoms and root causes of extremism and terrorism, realizing the human rights of the widest population to the greatest extent.
令人遗憾的是，西方一些国家仍固守“零和”博弈和冷战思维，戴着意识形态的有色眼镜大搞双重标准，把人权当作整治发展中国家的政治工具，动辄对别人指手画脚，却无视自己践踏人权的事实。
Unfortunately, some countries in the West would still stubbornly cling to the “zero-sum game” and the Cold War mentality, and would engage in ideology-driven double-standards, viewing others through colored lens, using human rights as a political tool to punish developing countries, and willfully pointing fingers at others while completely disregard their own gross violations against human rights.
今天，当人们打开电视就能看到，伊拉克、利比亚、叙利亚等国千年文明遗迹和国家发展设施被夷为废墟，成千上万的家园被毁，人们无家可归，连生命安全和基本的生活都无法保障。这就是美西方打着人权幌子、干预别国内政的结果。是谁制造了中东地区的人权悲剧？任何有良知的人都知道。当这些国家的难民为远离战火不得不背井离乡到西方国家谋求生活时，他们却被拒之门外或沦为“二等公民”。他们的人权又有谁在关心？又有谁在为中东国家人民的基本人权呐喊？又有谁在谴责那些人权践踏者？可见，西方国家和媒体只关心少数违法犯罪人员的人权，却选择性忽视绝大多数人的基本人权。
Our news networks are filled with stories and images of atrocities happened in Iraq, Libya, and Syria. These countries with thousands of years of history and once with great infrastructures have been reduced to rubbles. Countless homes were destroyed, and many more people were displaced, being deprived of the most basic human rights of safety and basic living. These are exactly the consequences of the Western countries’ interference in others’ domestic affairs under the disguise of human rights. Who indeed should be responsible for the human rights tragedy in the Middle East? Anyone with conscience should know the answer. When the refugees from these countries were forced to leave their home to seek living in the Western countries, many of them were turned down or became “second class citizens”. Who is really caring about their human rights? And who is advocating for the basic human rights for the peoples of the Middle East? And who is condemning the human rights violators there? As always, the Western governments and media only care about the human rights of the few who have committed crimes, but would selectively ignore the basic human rights of the vast majority of the people.
我们可以自豪地说，中国从未发动过一场对外侵略战争，从未占领过别国一寸土地。即使在处理香港、澳门等殖民主义遗留问题时，中国也未诉诸武力而是创造性地提出了“一国两制”构想，实现了主权和平交接。拥有5000年文明的中国如此创造力是西方人无法理解的。
The Chinese people are very proud of the fact that we have never launched a war of aggression against others and have never occupied an inch of land of another country. Even in the resolution of colonial historical problems of Hong Kong and Macau, China did not resort to violence, but had innovatively proposed the concept of “One Country, Two Systems” to realize the peaceful sovereignty handover. Such ability of China to draw wisdom from its 5,000 years of history to innovate solutions may be too hard to fathom by the West.
我们认为，发展才是改善人权的根本出路。几十年来，中国已经帮助非洲建设了1万多公里公路、6000多公里铁路以及上百座机场、港口、电站，并为非洲培训了数十万各领域的专业技术人员，致力于促进非洲工业化和农业现代化，支持非洲实现自主可持续发展。而西方光喊“自由、民主、人权、法治”口号是无法满足非洲人民需要的。请问西方为非洲建设的基础设施在哪？我们真诚希望西方国家拿出实际行动，真正帮助非洲解决基础设施滞后、人才不足和资金短缺“三大发展瓶颈”。
We believe that development is the fundamental solution to improving human rights. Over the past decades, China has helped Africa build over 10,000 km of roads, over 6,000 km of railways, and hundreds of airports, ports, and power plants. China has trained for Africa hundreds of thousands of experts and technicians across multiple fields, so as to support African industrialization and agricultural modernization to achieve its self-sustainable development. Propagating the slogans of “freedom, democracy, human rights, and rule of law” by western countries will not address the need of the African people. It begs to question, where are the infrastructures developed by the West in Africa? We sincerely hope that the West will take concrete actions to truly help Africa address the three development bottlenecks of inadequate infrastructure, lack of professional and skilled personnel, and short of financial resources.
此外，我们还真诚希望西方国家在对别国人权指手画脚前先拿出镜子照照自己。别忘了华尔街静坐人群高喊“1%的人不能代表99%的呼声”是什么意思？如今欧洲“黄背心”满地跑又是为什么？如果各国都效仿有的国家在边境筑起高墙、剥脱地区人民的自由流动权，世界人民还有最为宝贵的自由吗？
We would also sincerely hope that the Western countries would look at themselves in the mirror before pointing fingers at others. Don’t forget the strong voices of “We Are the 99%” from the Occupy Wall Street. And why is the “Yellow Vests” movement spreading across Europe? And if all of us would follow certain country in building high walls along our borders and stopping the free movement of the people, will there still be any more freedom that all of us cherish so much?
我们认为，人权没有最好，只有更好。我们愿同各国加强人权对话交流，相互借鉴，取长补短，共同进步。但坚决反对有些国家采取选择性人权和双重标准。
There is no best human rights practice in this world, but we can always strive to do better. We are willing to strengthen human rights dialogue and exchange with countries around the world, to complement and draw strengths from each other for common progress. Nevertheless, we would always reject with the firmest resolve the practice of selective and double standards in human rights.
