双语：金砖国家向世界特别是美国指明经济全球化的好处
摘要
Full Text: Brics Countries Show the World and the US the Benefits of Globalisation
刘晓明大使在《金融时报》发表题为《金砖国家向世界特别是美国指明经济全球化的好处》的署名文章
2018年8月20日和22日，英国主流大报《金融时报》分别在网络版新兴市场论坛“超越金砖”（beyondbrics）栏目和中文网刊登驻英国大使刘晓明题为《金砖国家向世界特别是美国指明经济全球化的好处》的署名文章，全文如下：
On 20 August 2018, the beyondbrics forum of the Financial Times published a signed article by Ambassador Liu Xiaoming entitled “Brics countries show the world and the US the benefits of globalisation”. The full text is as follows:
金砖国家向世界特别是美国指明经济全球化的好处
Brics Countries Show the World and the US the Benefits of Globalisation
当前，经济全球化遭遇逆风，民粹排外思潮沉渣泛起，单边主义、保护主义愈演愈烈，世界正站在何去何从的十字路口。不久前，金砖国家领导人齐聚南非约翰内斯堡，以第四次工业革命为着眼点，审时谋势，鉴往知来，以金砖精神促合作、谋发展，以实际行动为世界指明了前行的方向。
Amid anti-globalisation, surging populism and xenophobia and rising unilateralism and protectionism, the world seems at a loss as to where it should be going. The recent Brics summit in Johannesburg gave an answer. Leaders of the Brics – Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa – had their eyes on the fourth industrial revolution and set their minds on development through co-operation. These areas point the way forward.
首先，以合作共赢推动经济全球化进程。经济全球化已成为不可逆转的时代潮流，人类已经成为你中有我、我中有你的命运共同体。面对人工智能、大数据、生物技术等新一轮科技革命和产业变革，每个国家都应享有公平、平等的发展权利。但美国等个别国家却坚持“自己优先、他人靠后”的理念，以“零和博弈”、“你输我赢”的旧思维看待国际贸易与竞争，这不仅损害贸易伙伴国利益，更破坏多边贸易体系，最终将“搬起石头砸自己的脚”。
Economic globalisation is irreversible because mankind belongs to one community with a shared future. In the new age of technological revolution and industrial transformation featuring artificial intelligence, big data and bio-technology, every country is entitled to equal and fair development opportunities. International trade and competition are no longer a “zero-sum game” where one’s gain is another’s loss.
Those – such as the US – who “put themselves before everyone else” will not only undermine their trading partners but also damage the multilateral trading system itself. Such an approach will most certainly backfire.
过去十年，金砖国家以开放、合作、互利、共赢的理念推进经济全球化。2017年，金砖国家对世界经济增长贡献率超过50%。从2007年到2017年，金砖五国对外投资占全球对外投资总额比重从7%上升至12%，贸易占世界国际贸易比重从11%上升至16%，经济总量占全球经济比重从12%上升至23%。这些事实证明了开放、包容和互利的全球化的有效性。
In contrast, the Brics have been advancing economic globalisation in the past decade in the spirit of openness, co-operation, mutual benefit and win-win results. In doing so, they contributed more than 50 per cent of the world’s economic growth in 2017. The five countries’ combined outbound investment, trade and GDP has risen from 7 per cent, 11 per cent and 12 per cent of the world’s total respectively in 2007 to 12 per cent, 16 per cent and 23 per cent in 2017.
These facts demonstrate the efficacy of open, inclusive and mutually beneficial globalisation.
第二，以包容普惠推动各国实现共同发展。发展不平衡为民粹主义滋生蔓延提供了土壤。面对民粹、极端、排外思潮等问题的困扰，不能不分青红皂白指责别人、转移矛盾，这如同自己生病却要别人吃药，损人又不利己。
Inclusive globalisation delivers common development, while unbalanced development is a breeding ground for populism, extremism and xenophobia. One cannot make these problems disappear by blaming other countries and diverting public attention. Forcing others to take medicine in order to cure one’s own illness will end up hurting everyone.
对美国而言，正确之道是正视自身存在问题，通过对话、协商寻求解决方案，为人类共同利益献计出力。
The right approach for the US is to face up to its own problems, try to find a solution through dialogue and consultation and work for the shared interests of all.
在气候变化、核不扩散等重大议题上，金砖国家发出了时代强音，为国际社会做出了表率。此次金砖峰会重申不折不扣落实《巴黎协定》的庄严承诺，并共同呼吁全面履行联合全面行动计划（伊朗核协议）。而美国却于今年5月退出了该协议。
The Brics have set an example in this respect by voicing their strong commitment to major international efforts, such as tackling climate change and addressing non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. At the Johannesburg Summit, the Brics countries made a solemn promise to implement the Paris Agreement on combating climate change. They also jointly called for the full implementation of the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, under which Iran agreed to constrain its nuclear development. The US pulled out of the deal in May this year.
第三，以多边主义推动全球治理体系变革。世界力量格局演变导致全球治理体系发生前所未有的变化，而以规则为基础的多边贸易体制和国际经济秩序是所有国家发展的前提和保障。
The Brics countries have endorsed multilateralism and worked to advance reform in the global governance system. Despite the evolution of world power that is bringing unprecedented changes to the global governance system, a rules-based multilateral trade regime and the international economic order remain preconditions and guarantees for all countries to achieve development.
作为发展中国家的代表，金砖国家此次就维护多边主义、反对单边主义发出了明确信号，呼吁世贸组织成员遵守世贸规则，信守多边贸易承诺。
As representatives of developing countries, the Brics sent a clear message to uphold multilateralism and oppose unilateralism. They call on all World Trade Organization members to abide by WTO rules and stay committed to multilateral trade.
正如习近平主席所强调的：“现行国际秩序并不完美，但只要它以规则为基础，以公平为导向，以共赢为目标，就不能随意被舍弃，更容不得推倒重来。”面对“恃强凌弱”的霸权主义和强权政治、面对“合则用、不合则弃”的单边主义，我们必须坚决说“不”！历史与现实反复证明，多边主义才是大势所趋，公平正义才是人心所向，合作共赢才是硬道理。
The current international order is not perfect. But as long as it is rules-based and aims to be equitable, it should not be dismantled and rebuilt all over again. This statement of Chinese President Xi Jinping rings true. The world must say “no” in the face of arm-twisting hegemonism, power politics and self-centred unilateralism. To solve the problems of today’s world, countries should follow the overarching trend of multilateralism, deliver equity and justice according to popular sentiment and find ultimate solutions through win-win co-operation.
英国文学家狄更斯有一名句：“这是最好的时代，也是最坏的时代”。这句话放在第四次工业革命方兴未艾的今天，同样适用。站在开放还是封闭、自由贸易还是保护主义、多边主义还是单边主义的十字路口，国际社会应作出正确抉择，携手打造“最好时代”。
To borrow the words of Charles Dickens, today’s fourth industrial revolution could be described as the “best of times and the worst of times”. Standing at the crossroads between opening up and isolation, free trade and protectionism, multilateralism and unilateralism, it is important that the international community makes the right choice and join hands to bring about “the best of times”.
