v=Message from Ms. Audrey Azoulay, Director-General of UNESCO, on the Occasion of the International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust

教科文组织总干事奥德蕾·阿祖莱“缅怀大屠杀受难者国际纪念日”致辞

27 January 2019

2019年1月27日

Today, UNESCO is commemorating the discovery by Soviet troops of the Auschwitz Birkenau German Nazi Concentration and Extermination Camp on 27 January 1945.

今天，教科文组织纪念苏联军队1945年1月27日发现奥斯威辛-比克瑙集中和灭绝营。

The largest concentration camp complex in occupied Europe, Auschwitz Birkenau is a memorial site for many of the groups persecuted by Nazi Germany. Auschwitz Birkenau was also the largest industrialized killing centre built to implement the genocide of the Jewish people of Europe. Of the approximately 1.1 million people murdered there, nearly 1 million of them were Jewish, killed simply because they had been born Jews.

作为欧洲德占区最大的集中营，这里是很多被纳粹德国迫害群体的纪念地。奥斯威辛-比克瑙也是为了实施对欧洲犹太人的种族灭绝而建造的最大的工业化杀戮中心。大约110万人在这里惨遭杀害，其中近100万是犹太人，他们之所以被杀是因为他们生为犹太人。

The Holocaust was the product of an ideology of biological racism, of which a central element was hatred of Jews. It resulted also from policies of conquest and persecution which ravaged Europe and the world in the deadliest war ever to befall humanity.

大屠杀是生物学种族主义意识形态的产物，这种意识形态以仇视犹太人为主要思想。由此产生的一系列征服政策和迫害政策，将欧洲乃至整个世界都带向了人类历史上伤亡最大的一场战争的深渊。

Paradoxically, even as research on this fateful episode in history advances, there are still those who insist on contesting the truth. Holocaust deniers throughout the world continue to spread disinformation on social media. In Europe, some even engage in offensive rhetoric disputing the participation of local populations and authorities in the massacre, in defiance of incontrovertible facts. Others accuse “the Jews” of exploiting the Holocaust for financial or political gain, to benefit the State of Israel, for example. Three generations on, preserving the memory of the Holocaust means continuing the struggle against anti-Semitism, whose proponents persistently sully the memory of the dead in order to attack Jews today.

然而令人十分诧异的是，随着对这段悲惨历史的研究逐渐深入，有些人却不断质疑历史事实的真相。否认大屠杀的论调也依然通过社交网络在世界各地传播。在欧洲，有些无法令人接受的言论罔顾确凿史实，竟然试图否认当地民众和地方当局参与过这场屠杀。另一些言论则指责“犹太人”将大屠杀作为工具，为以色列等方面谋取经济或政治利益。历经三代人之后，保存对大屠杀的记忆，仍然并且始终意味着坚持不懈地与反犹太主义作斗争，因为反犹太主义不断玷污对死者的记忆，以求达到攻击犹太人的目的。

The preservation of this memory requires support for historical research. It also requires education about the history of the Holocaust and other genocides and mass crimes. The issues raised by such education are topical ones, given current extremist propaganda, the despicable conspiracy theories being spread on social networks, the erosion of democratic institutions and the weakening of international dialogue.

保存这一记忆，有赖于对历史研究加以支持，以及开展有关大屠杀以及其他种族灭绝和大规模犯罪的历史教育。面对当下各种极端主义意识形态的宣传，蔓延在社交网络的各种卑鄙的阴谋论，以及民主体制式微和国际对话削弱等现象，这样的历史教育具有重要的现实意义。

Together with educational leaders around the world, UNESCO carries out this work on a daily basis through educational research and training and through the UNESCO university chairs, as part of the Organization’s global citizenship education programmes. The Memory of the World Programme, which since 2017 has included the archives of the Frankfurt Auschwitz Trial, is also part of these efforts.

教科文组织在其世界公民教育计划框架下，与世界各地区教育负责人一起，通过开展教学研究、培训以及大学教席课程等方式，始终将历史教育贯彻到日常工作之中。此外，教科文组织于2017年将关于奥斯威辛的法兰克福审判档案纳入其世界记忆计划，也属于这项工作的组成部分。

Among the documents protected by UNESCO are the Warsaw Ghetto Archives, which were collected clandestinely by Oneg Shabbat, a group led by historian Emanuel Ringelblum. This year, with a worldwide screening of the film Who Will Write Our History, UNESCO will be paying tribute to these resistance fighters who, from the very depths of hell, countered hatred and violence with knowledge and culture. Their message of humanity, which endures long after their violent death, is UNESCO’s raison d’être.

得到教科文组织保护的文件，还包括由历史学家埃马努埃尔·林格尔布 卢姆领导的Oneg Shabbat小组秘密收集的华沙犹太人区档案。今年，通过在全球播放影片《谁将书写我们的历史》，教科文组织谨向这些不屈服的抗争者们致敬，致敬他们虽然置身炼狱之中，仍然以知识和文化同仇恨和暴力作斗争。这些猝然遇难的抗争者们所留下的人性讯息，正是教科文组织存在的理由。

On this day of remembrance, I invite all players in the spheres of education, culture and science to redouble their efforts to combat ideologies of hatred and contribute to a culture of peace.

值此纪念日之际，我呼吁教育、文化和科学界所有行动者坚定信心，不懈努力，打击传播仇恨的意识形态，为和平文化作出贡献。