中英双语：杨洁篪在瓦尔代国际辩论俱乐部年会外交议题讨论会上的讲话

杨洁篪在瓦尔代国际辩论俱乐部年会外交议题讨论会上的讲话

Remarks by H.E. Yang Jiechi at the

Foreign Policy Session of

The 2018 Annual Meeting of the Valdai Discussion Club

（2018年10月18日，索契）

Sochi, 18 October 2018

女士们，先生们！

Ladies and gentlemen,

很高兴有机会参加瓦尔代国际辩论俱乐部年会。作为全球最具影响力的论坛之一，瓦尔代国际辩论俱乐部年会每年都汇聚全球有重要影响的国际问题专家和学者，就最紧迫的国际和地区问题进行深入讨论，为解决重要现实问题提供思路和方案。此次年会全会的主题是“我们生活的世界：21世纪的稳定与发展”，本场讨论的主题是“变革时代的对外政策：在世界变化中如何发展”，这些都是举世关注的重大问题，是时代之问。我本人很有兴趣参与相关讨论。

It is my great pleasure to be with you at this year's meeting of the Valdai Discussion Club, which I must say is one of the world's foremost forums. Every year, the Valdai Club brings together the great minds of the world to discuss pressing regional and global issues and explore possible solutions. This year, you have selected the topic "The World We Will Live in: Stability and Development in the 21st Century" for the plenary and "Foreign Policy in Uncertain Times: Pursuing Development in a Changing World" for this session. I am glad to join the other distinguished panelists in discussing these important issues that are highly relevant to our times.

我想我们在座的都出生于20世纪。20世纪发生了两次血腥的世界大战，还发生了残酷的“冷战”，人类社会经历了空前灾难与浩劫。进入新世纪以来，世界格局开始了新一轮深刻演变的历史进程。在变革的时代里，我们面临更多的选择，我们没有任何理由让20世纪的惨痛历史重演，尽管前进的道路不会平坦，但我们对和平与发展的追求坚决不能动摇。

Many of us in this room were born in the 20th century, which saw two world wars followed by the Cold War. They have inflicted untold suffering on humanity. In this new century, the world is experiencing yet another round of profound changes and we must make the right choice. We have no reason to allow the tragedies of the last century to repeat themselves. The road ahead may not be smooth, but our commitment to peace and development must be unwavering.

基于对20世纪惨痛教训的深刻反思，国际社会在维护国际和平、促进共同发展方面取得了重要共识与成果。伴随着经济全球化与科技革命的深入发展，各国相互联系日益紧密，相互依存度空前提高。这些变化代表了历史前进的方向，关系到各国人民的福祉，需要我们共同加以维护。我有以下看法:

The international community has drawn hard lessons from the catastrophes of the 20th century. We all agree on the need to promote global peace and development, and, indeed, much has been accomplished in this regard. Economic globalization and scientific revolution have made interconnection and interdependence between countries an inescapable reality. These unstoppable trends have contributed to the well-being of all our peoples and must be preserved by all of us. Please allow me to make five observations about the prevailing trends in our world today:

第一，世界多极化进程加速推进。新兴市场国家和广大发展中国家群体性崛起，成为推动世界经济增长的“主引擎”，国际力量对比更趋均衡，这使得各国能够更加平等地参与国际事务，协商解决国际问题。这是不以人的意志为转移的客观趋势。

First, we live in an increasingly multipolar world. The rise of emerging markets and developing countries is proving to be the primary engine of the global economy and is making the global distribution of power more balanced. This makes it possible for countries to have their voices heard in international decision-making and for the discussion and solution of various transnational issues. Whether some people like it or not, this more equal state of affairs will be here to stay.

第二，经济全球化进程深入发展。今天，世界经济已经高度一体化，各国是相互依存的利益共同体，只有所有国家都有机会参与和共享繁荣与发展，世界经济才能真正实现可持续发展。2008年国际金融危机时，我们正是秉持同舟共济、合作共赢的精神才得以渡过难关，实现了世界经济的复苏和增长，中国和俄罗斯都曾为此作出重要努力和贡献。发展是各国共同的主题，而不是一方赢另一方输的零和游戏，需要大家共同努力，做大蛋糕，分享成果。

Second, economic globalization is becoming a fact of life. Economic integration makes countries in the world a community of shared interests. The world economy cannot grow sustainably unless all countries have access to prosperity and development. If you recall, it was by sticking together for win-win solutions that we pulled through the global financial crisis in 2008 and put the world economy back on track toward recovery and growth. Both China and Russia, at that time, did their best and made important contributions to global recovery. It must be remembered that development is a universal aspiration, not a zero-sum game where one nation's gain means another nation's loss. Every nation must pitch in to create and benefit from greater global prosperity.

第三，各国对全球治理体系改革与建设的要求更加迫切。以《联合国宪章》宗旨和原则为基础的现行国际秩序，保障了世界70多年的总体和平。以世界贸易组织为框架的多边贸易体制，推动了全球20多年的高速增长。以二十国集团领导人峰会为代表的国际合作与协调机制，促进了近10年来世界经济的恢复增长和全球治理的深化发展。但以上还远远不够，各国人民对环境问题、气候变化、恐怖主义、消除贫困等全球性挑战的关切还没有得到有效解决，全球治理体系改革与建设仍任重道远。

Third, there is a growing call for reform and improvement of the global governance system. The current international order, built on the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, has ensured over seven decades of global peace. The WTO-centered multilateral trading system has fuelled strong global growth for the last 20 years and more. Mechanisms of international cooperation and coordination, most notably the G20 summit, have enabled the recovery and growth of the world economy and the improvement of global governance in the last decade or so. These are important achievements, but much more needs to be done. Many global challenges, from environment degradation to climate change, from terrorism to poverty, cry out to be met. Thus, the reform and improvement of the global governance system requires hard and sustained efforts.

第四，对和平与安全的追求成为国际社会的普遍共识。当今世界总体和平，大国关系总体稳定，传统与非传统安全威胁总体可控。但这个和平的世界来之不易，需要我们倍加珍惜。长期以来，联合国安理会在维护世界和平与安全方面发挥着不可替代的重要作用。我们要继续秉持共同、综合、合作、可持续的安全理念，共同努力建设一个普遍安全、持久和平的世界。

Fourth, all members of the international community aspire for peace and security. There is general peace in today's world, major-country relations enjoy stability on the whole, traditional and non-traditional security threats are largely under control. None of these must be taken for granted and must be carefully preserved. Over many years, the UN Security Council has made an irreplaceable contribution to world peace and security. All countries must continue to pursue common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security and work together for a world of universal security and lasting peace.

第五，文明之间的交流、对话与融合发展成为不可阻挡的时代潮流。实践证明，不同文化、宗教、社会制度和价值取向之间不仅可以和平共存，而且可以相互促进，共同发展，推动人类文明取得更大进步。

Fifth, dialogue and mutual assimilation between civilizations have become the order of the day. Experience shows that it is possible for different cultures, religions, social systems and values to not just coexist peacefully but also enlighten each other. This will lead to the greater progress of human civilization.

女士们，先生们！

Ladies and gentlemen,

我们生活的世界既充满希望，也不无挑战。世界正处于国际体系新旧交替、破立并举的转型过渡期，各种不稳定、不确定的因素明显增多，各种新困难和新挑战层出不穷，主要有以下表现:

The world we live in is filled with both hopes and challenges. It is caught in a transition where the old international system is being replaced by a new one, where uncertainties and instabilities are on the rise, and where all sorts of new challenges are coming to the fore. Let me give you some examples:

一是冷战思维、霸凌主义、零和博弈、武力胁迫仍然不断显现，不公平、不平等、非正义的状况依然广泛存在，讹诈、施压、制裁等错误做法依然被频繁采用。

First, there are far too many instances of the Cold-War mentality, bullyism, zero-sum game and military coercion. In many cases, there is not enough fairness, equality or justice. Extortion, pressure campaigns and sanctions are still resorted to all too often.

二是单边主义持续抬头，国际规则受到冲击，多边机制面临挑战。只强调权力和利益，缺乏责任担当，甚至恃强凌弱、以邻为壑的做法正在侵蚀各国之间的互信与合作。

Second, unilateralism is gaining ascendancy, putting international rules and mechanisms at risk. Often, countries put too much emphasis on their own power and interests, not enough on meeting their responsibilities. As a result, the trust and cooperation between countries are being undermined by bullying tactics and a beggar-thy-neighbour approach.

三是贸易保护主义猖獗，经济全球化遭遇逆风。如何纠正国际经济合作和多边贸易领域的各种错误做法，已经成为各国面临的重要课题。

Third, trade protectionism is running rampant and economic globalization is facing headwinds. No country can escape the challenge presented by a variety of misguided practices in international economic cooperation and multilateral trade.
四是战乱、冲突和动荡仍在困扰世界许多地区。恐怖主义等非传统安全威胁有增无减，安全问题日益突出。

Fourth, many regions are ravaged by instability, conflict and war.Non-traditional security threats, particularly terrorism, are more menacing than before, eroding security in many cases.

五是罔顾文明多样性、强行输出价值观和发展模式成为很多地方动荡的根源。文明冲突、文明优越等论调严重危害世界和谐与和平。

Fifth, the export of values and development models in disregard of cultural diversity is becoming a source of turbulence in many parts of the world. The talk of"a clash of civilizations" and the self-styled superiority of a certain civilization all cause growing problems for global harmony and peace.

未来世界的发展将何去何从，取决于我们共同的选择。国际社会应以高度负责的精神，共创机遇，共迎挑战，携手建设一个更加幸福美好和谐的世界。

The direction of world affairs will hinge on the choices we make. The international community should come together with a strong sense of responsibility to embrace opportunities and meet challenges so as to make the world a more harmonious and better place for all.

中国是最大的发展中国家。14亿人民对美好生活的向往是中国共产党和中国政府的奋斗目标，世界的和平与发展是我们坚定的追求。在X1外交思想指引下，中国坚持和平、发展与合作的理念，积极谋求构建相互尊重、公平正义、合作共赢的新型国际关系，与各国一道推动构建人类命运共同体。我们认为:

China is the world's largest developing country. The Communist Party of China and the Chinese government are striving to live up to our1.4. billion people's aspirations for a better life, and are committed to realizing world peace and development. Guided by X1 thought on diplomacy, China seeks peace, development and cooperation, and works actively to build a new type of international relations featuring mutual respect, fairness, justice and win-win cooperation. China is committed to working with other countries to usher in a community of shared future for all mankind. We believe the following to be important:

——和平稳定是繁荣发展的前提和基础。中国将继续坚定不移奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，始终不渝走和平发展道路，坚持对话而不对抗、结伴而不结盟。中国既通过维护世界和平为自身发展创造有利条件，又通过自身发展促进世界和平。我们真诚希望，所有国家都选择和平发展道路，共同防范冲突和战争。

First, peace and stability is the precondition of prosperity and development. Recognizing this, China will stay committed to its independent foreign policy of peace, the path of peaceful development, and the preference of dialogue over confrontation and partnership over alliance. China will uphold world peace, thus creating the conditions for its development and, at the same time, contribute to world peace through its own development. China sincerely hopes that all countries will likewise choose the path of peaceful development and work together to prevent conflict and war.

——对外开放是兴旺发达的必由之路。以开放促进改革和发展，是中国现代化建设不断取得新发展新成就的重要经验。改革开放40年来，中国城乡面貌发生了翻天覆地的变化，人民生活实现了质的飞跃。同时，我们通过不断扩大对外开放，将自身发展的红利惠及别国，促进各国共同发展。下个月初，我们将在上海举办首届中国国际进口博览会。中国开放的大门不会关闭，只会越开越大。我们将本着共商共建共享原则推动“一带一路”国际合作，营造全面开放的新格局，推动经济全球化朝着更加开放、包容、普惠、平衡、共赢的方向发展。

Second, opening-up is essential to prosperity. An important experience China has gained from its successful modernization endeavor is to promote reform and development through opening-up. Over the past 40 years, reform and opening-up has brought phenomenal progress to Chinese lives and sea change in urban and rural landscape. By opening its door wider, China has shared its development dividends with others and boosted common development across the world. Early next month, we will host the first China International Import Expo in Shanghai. China will not shut its door; its door will open even wider. China will advance Belt and Road international cooperation under the principle of consultation and collaboration for shared benefits, create new vistas in all-round opening-up, and make economic globalization more open, inclusive, balanced and beneficial for all.

——多边主义是全球治理体系的基本原则。中国将一如既往坚持多边主义，积极参与全球治理体系的改革和建设。我们将同各国一道，推动国际秩序和全球治理体系朝着更加公正合理的方向发展。

Third, multilateralism is a basic principle underpinning the global governance system. China will, as always, uphold multilateralism and make active efforts to reform and improve global governance. China will work with others to foster a more fair and equitable international order and global governance system.

——普遍安全才是真正的安全。中国将继续致力于增进国家间战略互信，支持通过对话协商解决争端，通过国际合作应对共同威胁、反对那种以牺牲别国安全谋求自身绝对安全的自私做法。

Fourth, genuine security cannot be achieved unless there is universal security. China will make continued efforts to increase strategic trust among countries. China believes that disputes should be resolved through dialogue and consultation, and common threats need to be countered through international cooperation. We oppose selfish practices in which one seeks absolute security at the expense of others.

——文明对话是和平共处的重要保障。尊重文明多样性是维护世界和平与和谐的重要前提。每个国家都有权利选择适合本国国情的发展道路。我们应坚持平等、互鉴、对话、包容的文明观，摒弃文明冲突、文明优越等片面论调。

Fifth, inter-civilization dialogue provides an important underpinning for peaceful co-existence. Respect for cultural diversity is crucial for world peace and harmony. Every country is entitled to choose a development path suited to its reality. When it comes to civilizations, we should uphold the principles of equality, mutual learning, dialogue and inclusiveness, and reject the misguided belief in a so-called "clash of civilizations" or the superiority of one civilization over others.

中国致力于发展全球伙伴关系，推进大国协调合作，深化同周边国家的睦邻友好合作，加强同发展中国家团结合作。

China is committed to building global partnerships, to advancing coordination and cooperation among major countries, to deepening friendship and cooperation with its neighbors, and to strengthening solidarity and cooperation with other developing countries.

我们主张构建总体稳定、均衡发展的大国关系框架。中国是最大的发展中国家，美国是最大的发达国家。两国间存在一些分歧和敏感问题，但也拥有广泛共同利益，肩负着重要的责任，合作是双方唯一正确的选择。中美双方应本着不冲突不对抗、相互尊重、合作共贏的原则和精神，共同推动中美关系沿着健康稳定的方向发展，这符合两国人民的共同利益，也是国际社会的普遍期待。

We call for fostering a framework of major-country relations featuring overall stability and balanced development. China is the largest developing country and the United States the largest developed one.There certainly exist differences and sensitive issues, but the two countries also have extensive common interests and shoulder important responsibilities. Cooperation is the only right choice. It is important that China and the US follow the principles of non-conflict and non-confrontation, mutual respect and win-win cooperation, and work together for the healthy and steady growth of their relationship. This will meet the common interests of the two peoples and the expectations of the international community.

女士们，先生们！

Ladies and gentlemen,

人类的光明未来需要世界各国共同谋划、共同争取、共同呵护。中国将始终做世界和平的建设者、全球繁荣的贡献者、国际秩序的维护者。中国将围绕推动建设新型国际关系，推动构建人类命运共同体的总目标，推进共建“一带一路”，积极发展全球伙伴关系，扩大同各国的沟通与合作，同各国携手建设持久和平、普遍安全、 共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界。在这一伟大征程中，中国真诚希望同世界各国团结合作、携手共进。在这方面，中俄两国的全方位合作为国际社会树立了典范。

It takes the efforts of the entire international community to plan and pursue a bright future for mankind. China is committed to promoting world peace, contributing to global prosperity and upholding the international order. Guided by the overall goal of fostering a new type of international relations and building a community with a shared future for mankind, China will vigorously push forward Belt and Road cooperation, foster global partnerships, expand engagement and cooperation with other countries, and work with all to build an open, inclusive, clean and beautiful world that enjoys lasting peace, universal security and common prosperity. As we embark on this great journey, China sincerely hopes to enhance solidarity and cooperation with all nations. In this regard, China-Russia all-round cooperation sets a fine example for other countries.

过去20多年，中俄关系快速发展。近年来，在X1和普京总统的引领下，中俄关系持续高水平运行，处于历史最好时期。双方尊重对方选择的发展道路和社会制度，务实合作取得重大成果，在国际和地区事务中密切沟通协调，共同为捍卫世界和平与稳定发挥了重要作用。中俄都主张构建新型国际关系，都面临着谋和平、促发展的任务。在国际形势复杂变化的背景下，中俄两国决心进一步发挥负责任大国作用，为世界注入更多正能量。

The past two decades have witnessed rapid growth of China-Russia relations. Under the guidance of X1 and President Vladimir Putin, this relationship has delivered high-quality performance in recent years and is at its best in history. Our two countries respect each other's choice of development path and social system; we have scored major achievements in practical cooperation; we maintain close communication and coordination on regional and international affairs; and together, we have played a vital role in safeguarding world peace and stability. China and Russia both advocate a new type of international relations and shoulder the task of promoting peace and development. In a complicated and volatile world, our two countries are determined to further leverage our role as major responsible countries, and make more positive contributions to the world.

首先，中俄要做维护世界和平稳定的压舱石。两国都坚定维护以《联合国宪章》宗旨和原则为核心的国际秩序和国际体系，坚持联合国在国际事务中发挥核心作用，支持多边主义，倡导世界多极化，推动通过政治和外交手段解决朝鲜半岛、叙利亚、伊朗核等国际和地区热点问题。两国在多边事务中保持密切协调配合，推动国际秩序朝着更加公正、合理的方向发展。面对层出不穷的安全风险和挑战，中俄共同努力推进国际安全合作，合力应对传统和非传统安全威胁，携手打击恐怖主义、分裂主义、极端主义，维护自身、本地区和全球的安全稳

First, China and Russia need to serve as a bedrock of world peace and stability. Both our countries firmly uphold the international order and system centered around the purposes and principles of the UN Charter. We both support the core role of the UN in international affairs, and uphold multilateralism and a multipolar world. We strive to resolve regional and international hot-spots such as the issue of the Korean Peninsula, Syria and the Iranian nuclear issue by political and diplomatic means. We have maintained close coordination and collaboration on multilateral affairs, and worked to foster a fairer and more equitable international order. As security risks and challenges keep cropping up, China and Russia need to advance international security cooperation, make joint efforts to tackle traditional and non-traditional security threats, combat terrorism, separatism and extremism, and ensure national, regional and global security and stability.

其次，中俄要做促进全球经济增长的助推器。两国都顺应时代潮流，致力于在开放合作中实现共同发展，共同抵制单边主义和贸易保护主义，反对经贸问题政治化，反对动辄发起贸易战和单边制裁。俄方是“一带一路”国际合作最重要的伙伴之一。2015年，X1同普京总统签署并发表《中俄关于丝绸之路经济带建设和欧亚经济联盟建设对接合作的联合声明》，开启了“一带一路”建设与欧亚经济联盟对接合作进程，这是两国推进区域经济融合的重大举措，有利于构建开放型世界经济。未来，中俄将携手推进区域经济一体化进程，在欧亚地区建立高水平的经贸合作制度安排，促进区域经济可持续发展。

Second, China and Russia need to act as an engine of global growth. Our times call for both our two countries to pursue common development through opening-up and cooperation, and to reject unilateralism and trade protectionism. We oppose politicizing economic and trade issues, or willfully initiating a trade war and unilateral sanctions. For China, Russia is a most crucial partner in Belt and Road cooperation. In 2015, X1 and President Putin signed a Joint Declaration on Cooperation in Aligning the Building of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), which set into motion the cooperation process between these two initiatives. This marks a major step in regional economic integration and contributes to an open world economy. Going forward, China will continue to partner with Russia in advancing regional economic integration and building high-standard economic and trade cooperation mechanisms and arrangements for sustainable economic development in Eurasia.

第三，中俄要做国际文明交流互鉴的融合剂。文明对话是促进了解、增进友谊、化解分歧的有效途径。中俄两国近年来开展了丰富多彩的国家主题年活动，为不同文明和不同国家间交流互鉴作出了积极努力，提供了成功范例。面对21世纪日益复杂的国际和地区挑战，中俄要继续倡导尊重世界文明多样性，推动包容互鉴和文明交流，共同构建更加和平和谐的世界。

Third, China and Russia need to build a bridge of inter-civilization exchanges and mutual learning. Dialogue among civilizations is an effective way to improve mutual understanding, enhance friendship and address differences. The string of cultural events held in each other's countries in recent years set a good example for exchanges and mutual learning between civilizations and countries. In response to increasingly complicated regional and international challenges in the 21st century, China and Russia need to make continued efforts to advocate respect for cultural diversity and promote inclusive exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations to build a more peaceful and harmonious world.

女士们，先生们！

Ladies and gentlemen,

中俄是好邻居、好伙伴、好朋友，世界越是充满变化和挑战，我们就越需要加强团结与协作，抓住历史机遇，顺应时代潮流，不断深化两国全面合作，共同促进世界的和平、稳定、发展与繁荣。

China and Russia are good neighbors, good partners and good friends. In a world fraught with changes and challenges, it is all the more important that we seize the historic opportunities before us and respond to the call of our times by strengthening solidarity and coordination and deepening cooperation in all areas. Let us work together for greater peace, stability, development and prosperity of the world.

谢谢大家！

Thank you!