Enlightenment for China-Afghanistan Cooperation from China-Africa Cooperation

中非合作对中阿合作的启示

Liu Jinsong

刘劲松

The Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation was successfully held during September 3rd to 4th. H.E. Chinese President Xi Jinping chaired the Summit. 40 presidents, 10 premiers, 1 vice president as well as the Chairman of the African Union Committee and UN Secretary-General attended the Summit. After the Summit, all sides published "The Beijing Declaration – Towards an Even Stronger China-Africa Community with a Shared Future". This is the largest diplomatic event hosted in China this year, and has won applause and hearts of the African people. The summit opened a new era of China-Africa cooperation and demonstrated the new attitude of the major country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics, aroused the attention and interest of Afghan friends.

9月3日至4日，中非合作论坛北京峰会成功举办，习近平主席主持，非洲国家的40位总统、10位总理、1位副总统以及非洲联盟委员会主席、联合国秘书长与会，会后发表了《关于构建更加紧密的中非命运共同体的北京宣言》。这是中国今年规模最大的主场外交活动，赢得了喝彩更赢得了非洲人民的心。峰会开启了中非合作的新时代，展现了中国特色大国外交的新姿态，引起阿富汗朋友的关注和兴趣。

The interest is natural, as African countries and Afghanistan are all China's good friends and partners. We are all developing countries, used to be colonized and bullied by external powers. We all share the common mission of embracing peace and development, and are jointly building the Belt and Road Initiative, facing unprecedented challenges such as hegemonism, power politics, protectionism and unilateralism and etc. Therefore, every step of China-Africa cooperation will resonate with Afghan friends.

这种兴趣是很自然的，因为非洲国家和阿富汗都是中国的好朋友、好伙伴，非洲国家、阿富汗以及中国都是发展中国家，都曾有被外部列强殖民、欺凌的遭遇，都面临和平与发展的共同使命，都在共建“一带一路”，都在迎接前所未有的挑战例如霸权主义、强权政治、保护主义和单边主义等。因此，中非合作的每一脚步，都会引起阿富汗朋友的共鸣。

The summit is a historical handshake between the world's largest developing country and the continent with the largest number of developing countries. The summit sent a strong signal to the world that regardless of what happens in the past, present or future, no matter how much China's overall GDP and per capita GDP is, China will regard itself as a developing country and take developing countries as the base of its diplomacy. China will take the realization of the common development, solidarity and cooperation of developing countries as its due cause. All these are decided by China's national orientation, institutional attributes and value orientation.

这次峰会是世界上最大的发展中国家和发展中国家最集中的大陆具有历史意义的握手。峰会发出一个强烈的信号，就是不管过去、现在还是将来，不管中国整体GDP和人均GDP达到什么程度，中国都将自己定位为发展中国家，将发展中国家置于自身外交的基础地位，将实现发展中国家共同进步和团结合作当作自己份内的事，这是由中国的国家定位、制度属性和价值取向决定的。

Through the Summit, Afghan friends may have a further understanding of China's good traditions and good ideas:

通过这一峰会，阿富汗朋友进一步注意到中国人的好传统和好思路：

First, "A favor of a drop of water received should be repaid with a surging spring". The African countries firmly support China's efforts to safeguard its national sovereignty, security and territorial integrity, "lift the People's Republic of China into the United Nations" with their votes together with other friendly countries including Afghanistan. China will never forget this. In this regard, China has always been emphasizing the "four insist on", that are insist on treating each other as equals, balancing the righteousness and interest, practical and efficiency, openness and inclusiveness. China advocates giving more and taking less, giving before taking and giving without asking for return. With open arms, we welcome African countries and Afghanistan aboard the express train of China's development.

一是“滴水之恩当涌泉相报”，非洲国家坚定支持中国维护国家主权、安全和领土完整的努力，和阿富汗等友好国家一道投票将中华人民共和国“抬进了联合国”。中国对此永远不会忘记。与之相关，中国在对非合作中始终强调“四个坚持”，简言之就是坚持平等相待、义利相兼、务实高效、开放包容。中国主张多予少取、先予后取、只予不取，张开怀抱欢迎非洲和阿富汗搭乘中国发展快车。

Second, the Chinese cherish the friendship in humble circumstance and hardship very much, and never despite the poor and curry favour with the rich. We respect Africa, love Africa and support Africa. We breathe together and share the common future with African people. President Xi met with all the African leaders attending the Summit, and exchanged views heart to heart. One African leader said sentimentally that China is helping African friends with practical deeds, and is a friend that will help you stand up when you are falling down.

二是中国人最珍惜贫贱之交和患难之交，从不嫌贫爱富，始终同非洲人民同呼吸、共命运，始终尊重非洲、热爱非洲、支持非洲。习近平主席分别会见所有来华的非方领导人，同每位领导人都倾心交流。一位非方领导人动情地说：“中国是用实际行动帮助非洲的朋友，是当你摔倒在地扶你起来的朋友。”

Third, the Chinese will never accept anyone's leadership, nor to be the leader of others and don't wish the re-emerging of any group politics in the world. We advocate jointly building the China-Africa community with a shared future. This community is neither a military or political alliance, nor have any hierarchies. Its essences are joint responsibility, win-win cooperation, happiness for all, cultural co-prosperity, common security, and harmony co-existence. The above principle is also applying in Afghanistan.

三是中国人不接受任何人的领导，也不喜欢去领导别人，不希望这个世界再现集团政治，为此主张携手打造中非命运共同体。这个命运共同体不是军事政治同盟，没有上下等级，其内涵是责任共担、合作共赢、幸福共享、文化共兴、安全共筑、和谐共生。这一理念，对阿富汗也是通用的。

Fourth, the Chinese emphasizes that "What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others" and follow a "five-no" approach in the relationship with Africa that are: no interference in African countries' pursuit of development paths that fit their national conditions; no interference in African countries' internal affairs; no imposition of our will on African countries; no attachment of political strings to assistance to Africa; and no seeking of selfish political gains in investment and financing cooperation with Africa. We do as what we say. African countries are deeply impressed by the "five no" approach and many African representatives attending the summit said China has always been listening to Africa, understanding and supporting Africa, treating Africa as equals, jointly advocating justice with Africa, and fully safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of African countries as well as other developing countries. The approach is a sharp contrast with the inequality that has been longtime exist in the international relations.

四是中国人强调“己所不欲，勿施于人”，在对非事务上坚持做到“五不”，即：不干预非洲国家探索符合国情的发展道路，不干涉非洲内政，不把自己的意志强加于人，不在对非援助中附加任何政治条件，不在对非投融资中谋取政治私利。中国是这样说的，也是这样做的。非洲国家对此感受很深，峰会上不少非方代表说，中国始终倾听、理解并支持非洲，对非洲平等相待，与非洲一道主持正义，全力维护非洲和发展中国家正当权益，这与国际关系中长期存在的不平等局面形成了鲜明对比。对此，阿富汗朋友也可以通过过去十多年中阿关系的历程加以验证。

During the Summit, China decided to launch eight major initiatives in close collaboration with African countries in the next three years and beyond. Some of these initiatives are already being implemented, and some of them are of reference significance for the China-Afghanistan cooperation.

在这次北京峰会上，中国决定未来3年和今后一段时间在非洲重点实施“八大行动”。这些行动有些中阿之间已经在做，有些对未来中阿合作具有借鉴意义。

These includes: Implementing of the industrial promotion plan, encouraging Chinese companies to increase investment in Africa, building and upgrading a number of economic and trade cooperation zones in Africa, carrying out agricultural assistance programs; Implementing infrastructure connectivity projects, opening more direct flights between China and Africa; Implementing trade facilitation activities, increasing imports from Africa, particularly non-resource products and setting up relevant mechanisms to promote e-commerce cooperation; Undertaking aiding projects on green development, and ecological and environmental protection in Africa, strengthening exchanges and cooperation with Africa on climate change, ocean, desertification prevention and control, and wildlife protection; Setting up Luban Workshops in Africa to provide vocational training for young Africans, carrying out tailored programs to train 1,000 high-caliber Africans; Upgrading medical and health aid programs for Africa, particularly flagshipprojects such as the headquarters of the African Center for Disease Control and Prevention and China-Africa Friendship Hospitals, training more medical specialists for Africa; Implementing people-to-people exchange programs, establishing China-Africa Joint Research and Exchange Center and China-Africa Media Cooperation Network; Setting up a China-Africa Peace and Security Fund, continuing to provide military aid to the Africa Union, launching security assistance programs to advance China-Africa cooperation in the fields of law and order, UN peacekeeping missions, fighting piracy and combating terrorism.

例如：实施产业促进行动，鼓励中国企业扩大对非投资，在非洲新建和升级一批经贸合作区，实施农业援助项目；实施一批设施联通项目，开通更多中非直航；实施贸易便利行动，中国扩大进口非洲商品特别是非资源类产品，推动中非电子商务合作；为非洲实施绿色发展和生态环保援助项目，重点加强在应对气候变化、海洋合作、荒漠化防治、野生动物和植物保护等方面交流合作；在非洲设立“鲁班工坊”，向非洲青年提供职业技能培训，支持设立旨在推动青年创新创业的中非创业合作中心，为非洲培训1000名精英人才；实施健康卫生行动计划，重点援建非洲疾控中心总部、中非友好医院等旗舰项目，为非洲培养更多专科医生；实施人文交流计划，决定设立中国非洲研究中心，打造中非媒体合作网络；决定设立中非和平安全合作基金，继续向非洲联盟提供无偿军事援助，在社会治安、联合国维和、打击海盗、反恐等领域实施安全援助项目。

All of the above-mentioned eight major initiatives are the result of deep consultations and strategic coordination between China and Africa. They are based on African countries' conditions and urgent needs, and are within China's capacity. These initiatives are closely related to African people's livelihood, grassroots, youths, and high-techs, and will enhance common people's sense of security, sense of gain, sense of happiness. The initiatives worth studying for the Afghan friends, and use it for reference in promoting China-Afghanistan cooperation.

上述八大行动，都是中国与非洲国家深度磋商和战略对接的结果，基于非洲国家的现实国情和急迫需要，也在中国力所能及的范畴之内。这些行动贴近民生、贴近基层、贴近青年，贴近高新科技，将增强民众的安全感、获得感和幸福感置于中心地位，值得阿富汗朋友研究，并在推进中阿合作时加以参考。

Although it is far away from China, Africa cares for the Belt and Road Initiative very much and gives support to it, set off a wave of jointly construction. Afghanistan, the heart of Asia and a neighbor of China, has the natural emotion and unique connectivity advantages to revitalize the ancient Silk Road, and it is also an important partner for China to achieve shared growth through consultation and collaboration. Afghanistan can be down-to-earth and adapt to its own conditions, become a practical promoter and early beneficiary in the jointly construction of the Belt and Road Initiative.

非洲尽管与中国相距遥远，但非常关心和支持“一带一路”掀起了参与共建的热潮。阿富汗处于亚洲心脏地带并与中国毗邻，对振兴古丝绸之路有天然的情感，在互联互通方面有独特的优势，是中方共商共建共享的重要伙伴。阿富汗完全可以脚踏实地，因地制宜，成为“一带一路”建设的务实推进者和优先受益者。

After the summit, Mr. Deby, President of Chad said that, "it was impressive to see so many African leaders attending a summit and exchanging ideas on working together towards a China-Africa community with a shared future in a fraternal and friendly way. It reflected Africa's trust in President Xi and China, as well as their expectations and confidence in the Africa-China partnership", "Chad hopes to learn from China's development experience, welcomes Chinese investment and technology, and continuously deepens cooperation between the two countries in various fields". I do believe that, it is also the Afghan friends' feeling to this summit, and expectations to China.

乍得总统代比在峰会后讲了这样的话，“我从来没有见过如此多的非方领导人出席峰会，一个会议，大家欢聚一堂，进行兄弟般、朋友式的交流，这令人赞叹。这反映出非洲国家信任习近平主席，信任中国，对非中伙伴关系充满期待，充满信心”。“希望借鉴中国的发展经验，也欢迎中国的投资和技术，不断深化各领域务实合作。”我相信，这也是阿富汗朋友对峰会的感受和对中国的期待。