中英双语：大使卢沙野就美国对华发起贸易战发表署名文章
Ambassador Lu Shaye published a signed article about the U.S trade war against China
7月6日，美国对中国发起了规模史无前例的贸易战，对340亿美元中国产品强行加征25%的关税。作为反击，中国也于同日对同等规模的美国产品加征25%的进口关税，并立即向世贸组织上诉机构提起诉讼。7月11日，美国变本加厉，公布拟对中国2000亿美元产品加征关税的清单。
On July 6, the United States continued its trade war against China on an unprecedented scale, imposing 25-per-cent tariffs on US$34-billion worth of Chinese goods. On the same day, as a countermeasure, China hit back with 25-per-cent tariffs on US$34-billion worth of the U.S. imports, and promptly filed a complaint with the World Trade Organization (WTO). On July 11, the United States further escalated by announcing a tariff list of Chinese products worth US$200-billion.
中方本不想与美方打贸易战，今年2至6月，中方与美方进行了四轮高级别经贸磋商，并于5月19日发表《中美联合声明》，就加强双方经贸合作、不打贸易战达成重要共识。但美方出尔反尔，公然背弃双方共识，悍然向中方发起贸易战。中方为避免经贸摩擦升级尽了最大的努力，但为了捍卫国家核心利益和人民群众利益，不得不作出反击。
China never sought a trade war with the United States. From February to June, China engaged in four rounds of high-level economic talks with the United States, and both sides announced the China-U.S. Joint Statement on May 19, with a consensus reached on strengthening trade and economic co-operation, hopefully, avoiding a trade war. However, the United States has gone back on that agreement, brazenly abandoned the bilateral consensus and unleashed a trade war. China has done its utmost to prevent the escalation of trade frictions, but, as with Canada and other countries, has been forced to fight back to defend its core national interests and the interests of its people.
美方污蔑中方在经贸往来中实行不公平做法，完全歪曲事实。实际上，美方称对华存在大量贸易逆差，其数字是被高估的，且主要原因不在中国，而在于美国国内储蓄率过低以及美元发挥着国际主要储备货币的职能，在于产业竞争力和国际分工差异，也在于美方对自身享有比较优势的产品出口实施人为限制。据美国CBS新闻网报道，一个在中国完成组装，然后运往美国的出厂价为240美元的iPhone手机，美国商务部是将这240美元的出厂价直接计入美国对中国的贸易逆差中。但事实上，中国每出口美国一个iPhone手机，中国只收入8.46美元，即整个出厂价的3.6%，而绝大部分利润则进入了美国苹果公司和相关产业链中的其他国家高科技企业的钱包，中国挣的只是一点点辛苦钱。欧洲“经济政策研究中心”的一份研究报告也证实，如果贸易逆差是按照各个国家在产品中实际的“附加价值”计算的话，中美贸易逆差将会大大缩减40%甚至更多。如果再算上美国对华数百亿美元服务贸易顺差，则美对华贸易逆差就更小了。
The United States' claim that China has an extra advantage through unfair trade practices is a distortion of facts. The U.S.side argues as fact that it has a massive trade deficit with China, but this number has been overestimated. The main reason for the deficit does not lie on the Chinese side, rather, it is because the savings rate in the United States remains too low, the U.S. dollar serves as the international reserve currency and the two countries differ in industrial competitiveness and international division of labour. Besides, the United States imposes restrictions on the export of high tech products, a sector where it has a comparative advantage.
As CBS News has pointed out, when an iPhone assembled in China arrives in the United States, it is recorded as an import at its factory cost of about US$240, which is added to the U.S.-China trade deficit by the U.S. Department of Commerce. China, however, earns just about US$8.46, or 3.6 per cent of the total factory cost in the transaction, while most of the profits go straight to the coffers of Apple Inc. and high-tech enterprises of other countries on relevant industrial supply chains. What China gets in the process is only a bit of hard-earned money.
According to a report by the Centre for Economic Policy Research, the U.S.-China trade deficit is at least 40 per cent smaller when measured on a value-added basis, and would be even further diminished if the tens of billions of U.S. dollars worth of U.S. service trade surplus with China were calculated.
美国指责中国“盗窃知识产权”和“强制技术转让”，这更是无中生有。中国政府已建立了相对完整的知识产权法律保护体系，并不断发挥知识产权司法保护主导作用，推进设立知识产权法院和专门审判机构。2017年，中国对外支付的知识产权使用费达到286亿美元，比2001年加入世贸组织时增长了15倍之多。中国没有强制要求技术转让的法律和政策。至于西方企业到中国投资、同中国企业进行技术合作、转让技术，这些都是市场行为，一个愿买，一个愿卖，对双方都有利。
The United States has further accused China of so-called "theft of intellectual property" and "forced technology transfer," charges which are pointless and groundless. The Chinese government has already put in place a fully fledged legal system to protect intellectual property rights (IPR), allowed the judicial system to play a leading role in IPR protection, and promoted the establishment of IPR courts and dedicated IPR tribunals. In 2017, China paid US$28.6-billion worth of IPR royalty, a 15-fold increase from 2001, when it joined the WTO. China does not have laws and policies that compel foreign companies to transfer technology to Chinese companies when investing in China. As for Western companies investing in the country, and engaging in technological cooperation and technology transfers with Chinese companies, these are market behaviours. One is willing to buy, and the other is willing to sell, which is beneficial to both sides.
美方打着“美国优先”旗号，不仅以侵犯知识产权为名对中国发起301调查，还以国家安全名义对全球主要经济体发起232调查，针对钢铁、铝、汽车等重要产业制造贸易摩擦。目前，已有多个世贸成员对美国采取反制措施，并将美诉诸世贸组织争端解决机制。可以说，美方发起的这场经济史上规模最大的贸易战，不仅是中美之间的贸易战，更是一场美国对全世界的贸易战。美国这么做，将严重恶化全球经贸环境，戕害全球产业链和价值链，阻碍全球经济复苏，引发全球市场动荡，殃及世界上众多的跨国公司和普通消费者利益。
Under the pretext of "America first," the United States has not only initiated the Section 301 investigation against China based on IPR, but has also launched Section 232 investigations against key global economies on the grounds of national security, and created trade frictions in steel, aluminum, automobile and other key industries. At present, many WTO members have already taken countermeasures against the United States and have requested consultations with the U.S. under the WTO dispute settlement mechanism. It is fair to say that the United States is not just waging a trade war against China, but against the rest of the world as well. The U.S.'s aggression will seriously worsen the global economic and trade environment, destroy global industrial chains, hinder the global economic recovery, trigger global market fluctuations and hurt the interests of many multinational companies and customers.
中方将继续按照既定部署和节奏，坚定不移地推动改革开放，并与世界各国一道，坚定不移地维护自由贸易原则和多边贸易体制。在今年4月召开的博鳌亚洲论坛年会上，中国国家主席习近平宣布了中国开放市场的四大举措。随后中国政府有关部门出台了开放市场的具体措施，包括大幅度降低一系列进口商品的关税，比如汽车，放开外商在华投资股比，特斯拉将在中国上海独资建设年产50万辆电动车的工厂。而且我们也已公布大大压缩了的外商投资准入负面清单。
China will continue to press ahead with trade reform and opening up its markets, and work with the rest of the world to uphold free trade and the multilateral trading system. At the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference in April, Chinese President Xi Jinping announced four major initiatives to further open the Chinese market. Subsequently, the Chinese government introduced specific measures, including drastically reducing tariffs on a range of imported goods. For example, we relaxed the equity cap on automobiles foreign investment, thanks to which a wholly owned electric-vehicle factory with an annual production of 500,000 units will be built by Tesla in Shanghai. And we also announced reforms to attract great foreign investment.
在中国语言里，“危机”一词由“危险”和“机遇”两个词组成，意味着“危中有机”。中加两国都承受着美国强加的贸易战的巨大危害，但我们可从中寻求加强合作的巨大机遇。中方愿与加方携手合作，相互开放市场，在国际上发出共同声音，一起维护多边贸易体系，抵制单边主义行径，捍卫人类发展繁荣的共同利益。
In Chinese, the word "crisis" is composed of two characters respectively signifying "danger" and "opportunity," meaning "out of danger comes opportunity." Both China and Canada are suffering enormous harm from the trade war imposed by the United States, but there are tremendous opportunities to strengthen co-operation between the two countries. China is willing to work together with Canada to further open our respective markets to each other, speak with one voice in the international arena, uphold the multilateral trading system and oppose acts of unilateralism, in a bid to safeguard the common interests of human development and prosperity.
