17.6 李克强在2017年夏季达沃斯论坛开幕式发表特别致辞后回答问题以及同国际工商企业界代表对话交流实录中英双语CATTI和MTI

2017年6月27日，国务院总理李克强在大连国际会议中心出席2017年夏季达沃斯论坛开幕式并发表特别致辞后，回答了世界经济论坛主席施瓦布的提问。6月28日，李克强在大连国际会议中心同出席2017年夏季达沃斯论坛的国际工商企业界代表对话交流。有关问答和对话交流实录如下：微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

On June 27, 2017, following his address at the Opening Ceremony of the Annual Meeting of the New Champions 2017, Premier of the State Council Li Keqiang answered questions from Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum Klaus Schwab at Dalian International Conference Center. On June 28, Premier Li sat down for a dialogue with representatives of international business leaders attending the Annual Meeting. Below is the full text of these interactions:

施瓦布：您在刚才的致辞中向我们展示了中国经济的活力，介绍了一些相应政策。相信这些政策能够帮助中国经济保持发展活力。中国作为世界第二大经济体，实现接近7%的经济增长，这是一个非常了不起的成就。您是否可以同我们更加详细地分享一下，中国政府将采取哪些具体措施保持经济增长的活力？

Professor Schwab: In your speech, you talked about the dynamic development of the Chinese economy as well as relevant policies. I'm sure these policies can help sustain such dynamism. It is a remarkable achievement for China, the second biggest economy in the world, to grow at nearly 7%. Could you please share with us in greater detail what measures the government will take to keep such positive momentum going in the future?

李克强：中国经济过去曾经有过两位数的增长，现在从高速增长逐步转换到中高速增长。比如，今年一季度中国经济增速是6.9%，有人说这是放缓了。这么说不完全准确，因为中国经济的体量与过去不一样了，现在每增长一个百分点，相当于5年前的1.5个百分点、10年前的2个百分点。我曾经比喻一个小孩子翻跟头，一口气可以翻十几个，但是成年人一口气能翻三四个跟头就已经很了不得了。世界上经济总量超过两万亿美元的主要经济体，经济增速能够达到3%就相当了不得了。希望大家能够客观地看待中国经济的走势。中国经济会持续保持中高速增长。我们有13亿人口，拥有巨大的市场潜力和社会创造力。

Premier Li: China used to grow at double-digit rates, but now the growth has moderated to a medium-high level of 6.9% in the first quarter of this year. Some characterize this trend as a slowdown, but that wouldn't be very accurate, as the Chinese economy has become much bigger than before. Every one percentage point of growth in GDP now would generate the same amount of additional output as 1.5 percentage point growth five years ago or 2 percent growth ten years ago. I often use the analogy of somersaults to describe such a situation: It is much easier for a child to do a dozen somersaults at one go than for an adult, for whom just three or four would be quite an accomplishment. For major economies with GDPs of two trillion US dollars or above, a 3% growth would be no mean feat. I hope you can view the Chinese economy in an objective way. It will keep growing at medium-high speed, as we have 1.3 billion people, huge market potential and social creativity.

当然，要实现中国经济较长时间的中高速增长需要多种措施，在当前和今后一段时间里，起码有三条我们会坚守住：微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

To sustain the positive momentum requires a host of measures. We will keep on working in the following three areas for a considerable time to come.

一是保持宏观政策的稳定，继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策。我们不会搞“大水漫灌”，而是要推动结构调整，给市场一个稳定的、明确的预期。市场经济中，预期是最重要的。

First, we will maintain stability in macroeconomic policies. This means we will continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy. We will not resort to massive stimulus measures. Instead, we will continue to undertake structural adjustments and provide the market with stable and clear expectations, which is of overriding importance in a market economy.

二是继续深化改革、扩大开放。在推进供给侧结构性改革方面，要着力推动简政放权、降低市场准入门槛，同时加强事中事后监管，营造公平竞争环境。减费降税，给企业减负，让市场活力更多迸发。

Second, we will advance reform and opening-up. In undertaking supply-side structural reforms, the government will continue to streamline administration, delegate its power, widen market access and enhance compliance oversight to create a level playing field. We will ease corporate burdens by reducing taxes and administrative fees to unleash the vitality of the market.

三是加快推进新旧动能接续转换，坚持用市场化、法治化的办法来化解和淘汰钢铁、煤炭等领域的过剩或落后产能。与此同时，着力培育新动能，发展新技术、新业态、新模式，采取包容审慎监管，使它们能够成长起来，健康发展下去。对于中外企业，我们都一视同仁。

Third, we will accelerate efforts to replace traditional drivers of growth with new ones. We will adopt market- and rules-based approach to tackle and phase out excess and backward capacity in steel, coal and other sectors. Meanwhile, we will work hard to grow new drivers and encourage the development of new technologies, new business forms and models. In this process, the government will exercise accommodating and prudent supervision to provide an enabling environment for the healthy growth of the new economy. Furthermore, Chinese and foreign-invested companies will be treated as equals.

施瓦布：在全球范围内，中国政府引入第四次工业革命工作做得最好。我要向您、向中国政府表示祝贺。当然，第四次工业革命有时也会带来一些颠覆性的影响，包括在就业和收入分配方面。您在开幕演讲中也提到这一点。中国政府正在采取什么举措，减少这些负面影响？微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

Professor Schwab: Looking around the world, the Chinese government has been most effective in embracing the Fourth Industrial Revolution. I want to congratulate you and the Chinese government on that. That said, the Fourth Industrial Revolution also has its disruptive effect, including on employment and income distribution. You did talk about this in your opening speech. What steps is the Chinese government taking to reduce such adverse impact?

李克强：感谢施瓦布先生对中国政府在第四次工业革命或者说新一轮工业革命中采取的措施所给予的肯定。我们不敢说自己做得最好。中国有一句成语，叫做“月盈则亏”，我们始终是在不完美中追求完美。至于说新一轮工业革命，我认为带来的机遇大于挑战。当然也不是在每个领域、每个方面都是如此，天下事有利必有弊。

Premier Li: Thank you, Professor Schwab, for your positive comments on the steps taken by the Chinese government in the Fourth Industrial Revolution or the new industrial revolution, but I would hesitate to say that we are most effective in this aspect. As a Chinese proverb goes, "when the moon reaches its fullest, it begins to wane". We are in constant pursuit of perfection out of a recognition of our own imperfections. I believe the new round of industrial revolution brings more opportunities than challenges, but it is not always the case in all fields and sectors. After all, everything has its pros and cons.

比如就业方面，人工智能、机器人大规模发展会不会导致失业问题？这的确是个问题，在有些行业、有些领域就发生了。但是我们发现，通过“互联网+”，通过“双创”，新一轮工业革命带来的网购、快递、共享单车等新技术、新业态所创造的就业岗位，远远多于被机器人替代的岗位。这只是一个结构的转换，或者说是对劳动者技能培训的调整问题。我们敢于去应对这种挑战，因为这个挑战本身是不可避免的，而且通过发展新技术、新业态、新模式，有利于让所有人的个性选择发挥出来，形成巨大的市场潜力，让每个人的智慧能够充分地发挥。通过汇聚众智，创造的财富、增加的岗位就一定会远远大于失去的。

Take employment for example, will the extensive application of artificial intelligence and robots deprive people of their jobs? This is indeed a question, and it is already happening in some industries and sectors. Yet, through the Internet Plus initiative and mass entrepreneurship and innovation, new technologies and new business forms empowered by the new round of industrial revolution, such as online shopping, express delivery and bike-sharing, have generated far more jobs than those taken by robots. In this sense, what we are experiencing is only a structural shift, which calls for adjusting the training in labor skills. We will meet such challenge head on, because it is simply inescapable. More importantly, the development of new technologies, business forms and models makes it possible to accommodate and harness people's individual choices to generate greater market potential and put everyone's talent to best use. By pooling the wisdom of all people, we will be able to create far more wealth and jobs than what have been lost.

我们的确在和时间赛跑。施瓦布先生曾讲到，未来不是大鱼吃小鱼，而是快鱼吃慢鱼。我想略做补充，快鱼一定会优于慢鱼，但我希望，慢鱼能够加快速度追上快鱼，快鱼也能够回过头来帮助慢鱼。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

This is a race against time. Professor Schwab just said that in the future, it's not going to be the big fish eating the small fish, but the fast fish eating the slow fish. I want to add to that metaphor. The fast fish will certainly do better than the slow fish, but I do hope that the slow fish will move faster and catch up with the fast fish, and the fast fish will also turn around to help the slow fish.

荷兰皇家帝斯曼集团董事长兼首席执行官谢白曼：李总理，在过去的几年中，中国供给侧结构性改革的几个重点任务已经确定。我想问，中国在这些领域取得了哪些进展？另外，国际工商界能够为中国推进下一阶段改革发挥什么作用？

Feike Sijbesma, Chairman and CEO of the Royal DSM Group: Premier Li, over the last several years, key tasks have been performed on the supply-side reform. My question is: Could you elaborate a little bit on the progress in these areas and the contribution the international business community can bring to reform in the next stage?

李克强：中国近几年来在推进全面深化改革进程中，以供给侧结构性改革为主线，重点推进了一些领域的改革，包括对煤炭、钢铁过剩产能进行消化和淘汰。仅去年，我们就淘汰了6500万吨以上钢铁和2.9亿吨以上煤炭产能。与此同时，我们也在推动培育新的发展动能，通过降低市场准入门槛、减税降费，减轻企业负担，大量新的市场主体在不断涌现。过去4年间，中国的企业数量翻了一番，现在总量已经达到2700万户，市场主体超过9000万户，它们在催生着大量的新技术、新业态。中国的改革尤其是供给侧结构性改革，在推动中国经济结构转型升级。

Premier Li: China has focused on supply-side structural reform in comprehensively deepening reform in recent years. One of its key tasks is to phase out and cut overcapacity in coal and steel production. Last year alone, more than 65 million tons of steel-making capacity and over 290 million tons of coal-production capacity were eliminated. At the same time, we are nurturing new drivers of growth and reducing the burden on companies by widening market access and cutting taxes and administrative fees. A multitude of new market entities has since sprung up in China. Over the past four years, the number of Chinese enterprises has doubled, reaching 27 million, and the number of market entities in total has surpassed 90 million. They have spawned a surge in new technologies and new business forms. China's reform, especially supply-side structural reform, has boosted the structural transformation and upgrading of the Chinese economy.

大家都知道，国际上一些领域出现产能过剩，这是国际金融危机发生以后，许多国家实施量化宽松政策导致的一个结果，需要全球共同努力来解决这个问题。中国没有推卸责任，而且主动作为，通过供给侧结构性改革在消化过剩产能方面付出了努力，也为国际社会作出了贡献。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

We all know that excess capacity exists in some sectors globally. This is the result of the quantitative easing policies taken by some countries in response to the financial crisis. Nothing short of a global solution is required. In the face of this issue, China has not shied away from its responsibilities. Instead, we have made painstaking efforts to phase out excess capacity through supply-side structural reform, which is also our contribution to the international community.

30多年来，中国的改革和开放从来都是并行的，而且相互促进。中国推进改革的过程中需要外资、外商、外国智力的参与，我们也欢迎外国企业到中国来，参与企业的兼并重组。我们在培育新动能过程中，将进一步降低服务业对外资的准入门槛，实施负面清单管理。中国给予国内企业的一些符合世界贸易组织规则的政策支持，只要是外资企业在中国注册，我们将一视同仁。欢迎贵公司继续加大在中国的投资力度。

Over the past three decades, reform in China has always moved forward side by side with opening-up in a mutually reinforcing way. To advance reform, we need the participation of foreign capital, businesses and expertise. Foreign companies are welcome to take part in the merger and reorganization of enterprises in China. While fostering new growth drivers, we will lower market access thresholds in service sectors for foreign investors and introduce a negative-list management model. The policy support enjoyed by Chinese companies in keeping with WTO rules will be equally applied to foreign enterprises registered in China. We welcome continued investment from your company in China.

美国江森自控集团董事长穆安礼：“中国制造2025”战略对中国提高生产和创新能力起到了极大的推动作用。您在回答前一个问题的时候，已经部分谈到我个人关注的领域，那就是外商在中国的投资，以及为外资提供公平的环境。我的问题是，“中国制造2025”战略在继续落实方面，面临哪些挑战、障碍或阻力？如果有的话，中国政府将采取什么措施予以应对？

Alex Molinaroli, Chairman and CEO of Johnson Controls: The Made-in-China 2025 strategy has greatly promoted China's manufacturing and innovation capabilities. You have already addressed one of my questions about foreign investment and a level playing field for foreign companies within China when answering the last question. Then what challenges and obstacles are there in the implementation of this strategy and what does the Chinese government plan to do in response? 

李克强：“中国制造2025”，是根据中国目前的工业化水平、放眼未来制定的，核心内容是要提高中国产品和中国装备的质量和水平。一方面，中国制造可以说是已经享誉全球，但是中国制造的水平总体还处于中低端。另一方面，中国的装备和中国制造一样总体水平也不高，还需要引进国外的装备。“中国制造2025”就是要在中外合作中，推动中国装备的水平向智能化的方向发展，在现有的层次上不断提高质量。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

Premier Li: The Made-in-China 2025 is a forward-looking strategy developed on the basis of the current industrialization level in China. It is designed to raise the quality of Chinese products and equipment. While made-in-China products have acquired a sound global reputation, those products are still at the low and medium level in terms of quality. Similarly, China's equipment is yet to reach a high level, and we still need to import foreign equipment. The Made-in-China 2025 strategy aims to boost the quality of Chinese equipment with the application of intelligent technologies through cooperation with foreign partners.

第一，“中国制造2025”的实施会给中外企业带来巨大的市场机遇。中国企业要提高产品制造的质量，必须提高工艺水平和装备水平。在这个提高过程中，我们需要同发达国家合作，比如我们现在同德国“工业4.0”、同美国方面都有合作，未来也会有更多的国外装备制造产品和技术进入中国市场。

First, the Made-in-China 2025 strategy will bring huge opportunities for both Chinese and foreign businesses. To enhance the quality of their products, Chinese companies need to introduce advanced techniques and equipment. This can be achieved through cooperation with developed countries. For example, we are synergizing this strategy with Germany's Industry 4.0, and cooperating with the United States. In the future, more foreign equipment-manufacturing products and technologies will enter the Chinese market.

第二，会有更多的中外企业在装备技术领域开展合作。国外装备在中国要争取更大的市场，需要把产品本地化。比如美国通用汽车在中国市场占据了相当份额，它是和中国企业合资，按照中国的道路状况、气候条件等进行了改造，所以在中国的市场份额不断扩大。有一点，我要强调，这种合作是企业自愿、有利于开拓中国市场甚至第三方市场的。中国政府不允许中国企业强迫合资方转让技术，更不允许出现侵犯知识产权的行为。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

Second, we expect to see more cooperation between Chinese and foreign companies in equipment technologies. For foreign equipment makers to expand their presence in the Chinese market, they need to localize their products. For example, the US company General Motors has been able to take a big share of the Chinese market through setting up joint ventures with Chinese companies and remodeling its vehicles according to road and climatic conditions in China. This has secured a growing market for the company in China.

I want to stress that such cooperation is voluntary and helps companies expand in the Chinese market and even in third countries. The Chinese government does not allow Chinese companies to impose mandatory technology transfer requirements on their foreign partners, still less will we tolerate infringements on intellectual property rights.

第三，关于“中国制造2025”有关领域，比如绿色发展领域，《巴黎协定》、世界贸易组织等都鼓励各国政府予以政策支持。只要是外国企业在中国注册，中国政府将给予同内资企业一样的政策支持。

Third, in areas of the Made-in-China 2025 strategy, such as green development, where both the Paris Agreement and WTO encourage governments to provide policy support, foreign-invested companies registered in China will enjoy the same policy incentives offered by the Chinese government as their Chinese counterparts.

现在对“中国制造2025”有一种误解，好像我们出台的这些政策，目的是将来不再购买国外装备了。第一，这是不可能的。因为这是一个全球化的世界，企业购买装备由它们自主选择。在这个开放的市场条件下应该给企业选择的权利。第二，任何一个国家都愿意提高本国装备的质量和水平，这本身无可非议。但是如果关起门来干，在全球化的条件下等于是“闭门造车”，是不行的。第三，像中国这样巨大的市场，产品质量和装备水平提高了，也必然会促进世界市场的扩大。

Now, let me address a misunderstanding about the Made-in-China 2025 strategy. To those people who seem to believe that the purpose of the relevant policies is to shut the door on imports of foreign equipment, let me say this: First, door-shutting is impossible. We live in a globalized world, where companies make their own choices about the equipment they want to purchase, and they should be given the right to do so in the open market. Second, it is natural for any country to want to make equipment of a higher quality. It is only that in a globalized world, this cannot be done with one's doors closed. Third, given the size of the Chinese market, when China climbs up the quality ladder, this will also boost global demand for manufactured products and equipment.

美国赛富时公司董事长兼首席执行官马克·贝尼奥夫：非常高兴今天能够有机会再次来到夏季达沃斯。昨天我认真聆听您的演讲，感到深受启发。自我出席夏季达沃斯这些年以来，在美国国内已经发生了巨大的变化，我也很愿意聆听您对于这些形势变化有什么评论？另外，我知道中国政府高度重视中小企业的发展，推进大众创业、万众创新。我在其他场合，包括去年夏季达沃斯论坛上，都听您谈到过对有关问题的看法。我想特别了解的是，在当前不断变化的大背景之下，中国推进这些工作的努力面临什么样的挑战或者复杂因素？美国企业和国际工商界，能够再做些什么，更加有效地帮助中国推进相关的努力，包括在“一带一路”倡议下的合作？微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

Mark Benioff, Chairman and CEO of Salesforce: It's great to be here in the conference. Your speech yesterday was excellent and was very meaningful to me personally. As you know, there have been a lot of transitions and changes in the US since I was here last just a year ago. I was very interested in hearing your comments about these changes if possible. Now, the Chinese government has placed great importance, you spoke about it last year as well, on the development of new companies and entrepreneurs, and on mass innovation and entrepreneurship, which you also articulated many times. So what challenges do you see based on what is happening in the world today facing this effort? Tell me also how can we both from the US and also the international business community participate more meaningfully in your efforts, including your Belt and Road initiative.

李克强：中国和美国分别是世界上最大的发展中国家和最大的发达国家，中美关系的稳定发展，尤其是经贸关系的不断扩大，不仅可以造福两国人民，而且有利于世界的和平发展与合作。不管两国国内形势怎样变化，有一点我们抱着坚定的信念，就是中美关系几十年来有风雨，但一直是向前行的，尤其在经贸关系方面，我们的双边贸易额从建交前的10亿美元左右发展到去年5000多亿美元，中美已经是不可分割的利益共同体。

Premier Li: China and the US are the world's largest developing country and largest developed country respectively. Steady growth of China-US relations and expansion of our economic and commercial relations will bring tremendous benefits to people of the two countries and also to world peace, development and cooperation. No matter how the situation in our respective countries may evolve, we are sure about one thing, that is, China-US relations have always kept moving ahead despite ups and downs in the past several decades. Our two-way trade has seen strong growth, in particular, from just about one billion US dollars before we established diplomatic ties to over 500 billion US dollars last year. It would be fair to say that China and the US now have forged a community of inseparable interests.

中国政府着力推进大众创业、万众创新，首先是从就业角度考虑的。中国每年城镇新成长劳动力1500万人，就业压力较大，而大企业要提高效率，会更多应用机械手、机器人，就业容量实际上是在下降的。我们通过放宽市场准入，每天新增1.5万户以上小微企业，提供了大量的就业岗位。现在小微企业提供的就业岗位已经占了全部就业岗位的80%，这是包容性增长的基础。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

The Chinese government's initiative of mass entrepreneurship and innovation is first and foremost about employment. The government faces quite a big pressure in terms of employment, as we need to generate as many as 15 million new urban jobs each year to accommodate new entrants into the labor force. As big companies enhance efficiency and introduce more robots and manipulators, it is only natural that the total number of jobs they can offer has been somewhat declining. With government efforts to widen market access, as many as 15,000 small and micro businesses are getting registered on an average day in China, and they have been a large source of new jobs. Now in China, small and micro businesses provide 80% of all jobs. They are the backbone of inclusive growth.

第二，“双创”是适应创新需要而推动的。因为在新一轮工业革命过程当中，市场发生了巨大变化，个性化市场需求日益增长，甚至是呈倍数或几何级增长，这就需要有比较灵活的经营模式、创新方式和组织结构，而中小企业在这方面有很强的适应性，用中国的俗语说，就是船小好调头。

Second, this initiative is intended to meet the needs for innovation. The new industrial revolution has brought about a major shift in the marketplace, which is the exponential growth in individualistic customer demands. Meeting these demands requires flexible business models and innovation in management and organizational structures. The SMEs have an edge in adaptability. As a Chinese idiom goes, it is easy for a small boat to shift direction.

第三，“双创”适应了大中小企业融通发展的趋势，因为不仅是小企业在进行创新以适应个性化的需求，现在中国的很多大企业也在进行定制化生产，以满足市场多层次的需要，这样也要对内部组织结构进行改造。我这次考察了大连一家装备制造企业，它的生产线上就产生了诸多个创客空间，每个小团体可以对生产线上的产品进行个性化改造，以适应市场需求。虽然这家企业生产的是大型的产品，但是它的个性化定制已经占到85%。不仅这家企业，中国很多的大企业都在这么做。

Third, the initiative of mass entrepreneurship and innovation is a response to the trend of integrated development among large, medium and small companies. Not just small companies make innovations to accommodate special needs, many big companies have also been engaged in customized production, which requires adjustments in their organizational structures. I visited a local equipment manufacturer in Dalian, which has opened a lot of maker spaces on its production lines. The maker teams are able to remodel products according to customer needs. Although this company produces large equipment, 85% of its products are made to order. Not just this company, many large companies are doing the same.

当然，在推动大众创业、万众创新过程当中，我们要克服一些困难。

Naturally, we also need to overcome some difficulties in the process of promoting mass entrepreneurship and innovation.

首先，从政府角度，要砍掉既得的利益，降低市场准入的门槛，同时要用更多精力来进行事中事后监管，使这个市场的竞争是公平的，是不允许假冒伪劣、坑蒙拐骗、侵犯知识产权发生的。这对政府转变职能是一个重大考验。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

First, the government needs to shed its vested interests, lower the threshold for market access, and spend more energy on compliance oversight. The playing field ought to be level, and we can never allow sales of shoddy or counterfeited products, fraud and violations of intellectual property rights.

第二，对金融发展也是新的挑战。中小企业贷款可能在全世界都是一个难题，银行家们总愿意把资金贷给那些大企业，在中国也有这种情况。所以现在我们正在推动发展普惠金融，在政策方面给予一定的支持，让银行贷款尽可能向中小企业倾斜。

Second, the financial sector has come under strain. It may be a global challenge for SMEs to get loans as all banks seem to favor big companies. China is no exception. This is why we are encouraging financial inclusion in China by providing incentives to financial institutions to lend to SMEs.

第三，在知识产权保护方面，中小企业在不断创新，而且又同大中企业融合发展。如何保护知识产权、通过保护知识产权来激励发明者、创造者，是需要探索的问题。现在中国中小企业发明专利的申请量占到70%，这里面的确也会有一些纠纷。在大企业推动创新方面，如何拓展容纳创客的空间，让生产线上有诸多的小企业，这些小企业怎么和大企业进行分配，促进共同发展，也是需要探索的课题。

Third, as SMEs make innovation and pursue integrated development with large and medium-sized companies, how to incentivize inventors and innovators to make further innovations by protecting intellectual property rights has become a challenge. Now applications for patents and inventions from SMEs account for 70% of the total. But this does involve some disputes. For those big companies that have makers and small businesses at maker spaces on their production lines, the challenge is how to share the profits between them and their smaller partners to promote common development.

我刚才举例的大连那家企业的企业家很有远见，当生产线上的创客空间对企业产品进行个性化改造后，所创造的价值是企业家和创客空间三七分成。我就问谁是三、谁是七？企业家回答说，创客们是七，我是三。我说你很有勇气啊，把大头让给了创客。他回答说，如果没有他们，我不要说“三”，连“一”都拿不到。这就说明，知识产权既要保护，又要能够有激励的机制，需要我们在探索中前行。创客们虽然用的是这家企业的设备进行创造，但企业家认识到这些创客们的点子更有价值。要让所有人都有这样的认识并不是一件容易的事情。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

I cited the example of the company I visited in Dalian, whose owner is a visionary man. He told me that he has been able to involve a lot of makers on his production lines to improve products, and the value generated through such cooperation were divided at a ratio of 30% to 70%. I asked him who took 30% and who took 70%. He said 70% of the profits went to makers and he took the smaller share. I praised him for his courageous generosity. He replied that had it not been for those makers, he would not be able to get even 10% of newly generated revenue.

The story of the company shows that it is necessary to protect intellectual property rights and at the same time incentivize innovations. This requires further efforts on our part to explore an effective approach. Although the makers make use of the equipment of the company for their innovations, the owner of the company recognizes the superior value of the makers' ideas. That said, it won't be easy for everyone to recognize this.

南非非洲彩虹矿业公司创始人兼首席执行官帕特里斯·莫特赛比：我是一位来自南非的企业家，我是金砖机制项下商会的首位主席。我们看到金砖机制的发展给相关成员国，尤其是给非洲国家带来了极大的益处，我们都从中国的经济增长和与中国的经贸关系中受益，我相信全世界也从中受益。我的问题是，世界贸易组织《贸易便利化协定》已于今年年初生效，中国一直是贸易便利化的积极支持者，您认为在该协定的执行过程中会遇到什么样的挑战？中国会采取什么措施来进一步推动全球贸易的便利化？

Patrice Motsepe, Founder and CEO of African Rainbow Minerals: I am a businessman from South Africa. I was the first Chairman of the BRICS Business Council. I saw how the BRICS countries, but Africa in particular, benefited immensely from the growth of the Chinese economy as well as from trade with China. I have no doubt that the rest of the world has benefited immensely from trading with China. My question is: The WTO's Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) entered into force earlier this year. China has been an active supporter in this area. What will be the major challenges in enforcing the agreement? And what further steps will China adopt to advance global trade facilitation? 

李克强：你问的问题很重要，尤其是在当前逆全球化思潮有所抬头的背景下。国际金融危机爆发近十年来，各国出台的贸易保护措施不下3000项。2013年世界贸易组织通过了《贸易便利化协定》。协定的生效不仅有利于世界经济的复苏，而且还对引导市场预期有重要的作用。

Premier Li: You raised a very important question, particularly in the context of the growing backlash against globalization. There have been as many as 3,000 protectionist measures adopted by various countries in the past ten years since the outbreak of the international financial crisis. The entry into force of the Trade Facilitation Agreement, which was adopted by the WTO in 2013, would be beneficial for global economic recovery and for guiding market expectations.

《贸易便利化协定》是中国加入世界贸易组织之后参与并达成的第一个多边货物贸易协定，而且在不到两年的时间，中国国务院就通过了国内的法定程序，批准这个文件。但现在还有近三分之一的世界贸易组织成员没有履行国内批准程序。我们希望各方能够共同努力，使《贸易便利化协定》在今年真正全面实施。据专家们估算，这至少会增加1万亿美元的贸易额，对世界经济的稳定复苏无疑将是有益的。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

The TFA is the first multilateral agreement on trade in goods China acceded to after joining the WTO. The Chinese State Council completed domestic procedures for its ratification in less than two years. As things stand, some one third of the WTO members are yet to go through ratification procedures. We hope all parties will work together for the TFA to be fully implemented this year. According to estimates by experts, the TFA, once implemented, will add at least one trillion US dollars to global trade. That would undoubtedly be good news for a steady global recovery.

中国不仅要履行这个协定，而且要根据自身国情尽可能推进贸易便利化。首先，我们要推动单一窗口，在相关管理上把体制内部很多分管部门合并成一个窗口，简化企业在通关过程当中的手续。第二，要缩短通关的时间。今年将把通关时间再缩短三分之一，而且跟国际最先进的通关程序、时间进行对标，争取在不太长的时间内达到世界先进水平。第三，加强国际合作，特别是监管部门进行监管的相互认证，使企业在通关过程当中避免重复认证，减少成本。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

While observing the TFA, China will advance trade facilitation as much as possible in line with its national conditions. First, we will consolidate the mandate of various agencies to streamline customs clearance procedures for businesses by establishing "single window" service centers.

Second, we will make customs clearance faster. We intend to shorten the time needed for customs clearance by another one third this year, and will aim to meet the most advanced international standards regarding customs clearance procedures and speed in the not so distant future.

Third, we will enhance cooperation with other countries, particularly in mutual recognition of inspection between regulatory authorities, to avoid repetitive procedures and lower costs for businesses.

这些都是技术性的措施，但是我认为最关键的是，我们一定要树立一个明确的思想，就是自由贸易是推动世界经济复苏的良药。在推动自由贸易过程中，贸易投资自由化便利化是自由贸易的重要特征，大家都以开放的心态来推动自由贸易，会使消费者有更多的选择，也会倒逼本国企业创新升级。当然也要考虑各国国情，避免对某些行业冲击过大，可以有一些缓冲的措施，这需要互谅互让，协商解决，但是大方向是应该坚持的。

These are the technical measures we will take. What is most important, I believe, is that we must recognize the valuable role of free trade in boosting global economic recovery. Trade liberalization and investment facilitation is the hallmark of free trade. When everyone acts to promote free trade with an open-minded approach, this will provide consumers with more choices and compel domestic companies to innovate and upgrade. In the meantime, we should take account of the varying national conditions of different countries, and adopt measures to cushion the impact on certain sectors through consultation among countries on the basis of mutual understanding and mutual accommodation. But overall we need to keep to the right direction.

施瓦布：总理先生，我也想借这个机会问您一个关于互联网和数字化发展的问题。“互联网+”已经成为中国的国家发展战略，另外随着数字化的进一步发展，已经很难区别传统产业与数字化产业，他们彼此之间在实现融合的发展。我想问，您对这种发展有什么体会？数字化发展在中国还面临什么样的挑战？尤其是国际工商界如何能够更有效地参与到中国的数字化发展进程中？

Professor Schwab: Mr. Premier, I want to take this opportunity to ask you a question about the development of the Internet and digitization. The Internet Plus policy is a very important national strategy. But if we look at digitization, we can no longer make differentiation between digital industries and old-fashioned industries. Today, every industry is digitized. Could you share with us what your experiences and challenges are in this aspect? Particularly, how the international business community could be more meaningfully engaged into China's efforts of overall digitization of its economy?

李克强：“互联网+”产生的新业态可以说是层出不穷。大数据的发展已经成为一个潮流，我们只有顺应这个潮流，才能够抓住新的机遇。但与此同时，传统产业确实在经受挑战，我曾经举例说过网购和实体店就有过冲突，或者说是不协调的痛苦经历，但是现在实体店也在进行网上销售，反而增强了它的实力。所以，挑战是巨大的，但是应对挑战的办法更多。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

Premier Li: The introduction of the Internet has given rise to a mushrooming of new forms of business. And big data application has become a trend. We must adapt to this trend in order to seize as many opportunities as possible. Traditional industries did come under challenges. I once cited the example of physical stores going through the painful experience of confronting or even conflicting with online shops. Now many physical stores have also opened their own online stores, which has made them more competitive. As we can see, notwithstanding the numerous challenges, we have more ways and means to overcome them.

中国在大力推动“互联网+”，这本身就是面向全球的。我们有很多云平台吸纳国外的企业和个人参与，外国企业注册的数量在大幅度增加。在基础电信和增值服务方面，中国也对外资开放了很多业务，这在发展中国家可以说是最高开放水平。外国投资者在这个领域有着巨大的发展空间。

The Internet Plus strategy the Chinese government has been advancing is inherently open to the world. We have in China a large number of cloud platforms that are attractive to foreign businesses or individuals. Foreign companies are getting registered on such platforms in large numbers. In sectors of basic telecommunications and value-added services in China, many business areas are now open to foreign investors, which represents the highest level of openness so far among all developing countries. This means tremendous opportunities for foreign firms.

同时，中国的移动宽带用户已经达到9亿多，互联网上网人数7.3亿多人，同时我们还在积极推进跨境电子商务。外国企业可以利用这样的平台销售产品和服务，只要你们能想到，就有可能做到。中国政府也会采取包容审慎的监管方式，让你们与中国企业共同发展，为中国经济助力，使中国人民的生活更方便。当然，网络经济要吸引更多消费者，安全是前提。我们需要共同努力来打击网络欺诈、通过网络销售假冒伪劣商品乃至于盗取商业秘密的行为。

Furthermore, China has over 900 million mobile broadband users and over 730 million Internet users. We are also actively advancing cross-border e-commerce. Foreign companies can sell their products and services on the e-commerce platforms. Nothing is impossible as long as you act on your ideas. In this process, the Chinese government will exercise prudent yet accommodating regulation to make sure that foreign companies can grow together with Chinese companies and join in our efforts to boost the Chinese economy and deliver greater convenience to the Chinese people. For the online economy to attract more consumers, security is the precondition. We must work together to crack down on fraud, sales of fake and shoddy products online, and theft of trade secrets.

最后，我想强调一下，刚才几位企业家做了提问，也都介绍了他们自己的企业。希望在座的各位和媒体，不仅关注他们的提问和我的回答，也要关注他们企业所取得的业绩，以及对中国现代化建设的支持。谢谢你们。微博@高斋翻硕 公众号:高斋翻译学堂

To conclude, let me emphasize one point. Just now a few business leaders have asked questions and introduced their businesses. I hope all the delegates here and the media will pay attention not just to the questions they asked and the answers I gave, but also to what their businesses have achieved in the Chinese market and their support for China's modernization. Thank you.

施瓦布：感谢李总理今天出席对话会，与我们既分享了战略思想，也有许多具体的政策措施，特别是举出了鲜活的例子。也感谢您率领中国政府代表团参加今年的夏季达沃斯论坛。我们祝中国政府落实各项发展战略继续取得巨大成功。世界经济论坛和在座的各位企业家也会继续积极参与和支持中国的发展。

Professor Schwab: We should be very grateful to the Premier for being here at this dialogue and for having shared with us his insights and many specific policies and measures, particularly some vivid examples. We also want to express our appreciation to the participation of such a prominent government delegation which has accompanied you, Mr. Premier. And we wish the Chinese government all the best in the implementation of those strategies. And you can be assured that you have the goodwill of all those here, and you have the strong commitment of the World Economic Forum to contribute to the success of the development of China.