双语：2024年盖茨基金会年信

盖茨基金会2024年年信全文

2024 Gates Foundation Annual Letter

2024年盖茨基金会年信

Philanthropy’s once-in-a-generation opportunity

慈善面临历史性机遇

By Mark Suzman, Chief Executive Officer

马克·苏斯曼，首席执行官

This year the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation has committed to spending $8.6 billion to help meet mounting needs and fund innovative ways to save and improve lives. Many philanthropists are stepping up, but this extraordinary moment requires more: more urgency, more resources, and more bold, new ideas from around the world. By focusing on the areas of greatest human need, we can realize the full potential of philanthropy at the moment when the world needs it most.

今年，比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会承诺投入86亿美元，以帮助满足全球巨大的需求、为挽救生命和改善生活的创新方案提供资金。许多慈善家已经开始行动，但此时此刻，世界需要更强的紧迫感、更多的资源，以及来自世界各地更大胆的想法。通过专注于人类当下最迫切的需求，我们可以充分发挥慈善的潜能。

Last year, a man named Chuck Feeney died, at the age of 92. Feeney was a billionaire, but you might not have heard of him. He purposely led a low-profile life – he wore a ten-dollar watch and, in his final years, didn’t own a house or a car. The field where he made his billions, duty-free shopping, doesn’t grab many headlines.

去年，一位名叫查克·费尼（Chuck Feeney）的人去世了，享年92岁。费尼是一位亿万富翁，但你可能从未听说过他。他选择了低调的生活，戴一块价值10美元的手表，在他生命的最后几年既没有房也没有车。他从全球免税购物生意中赚到了百亿财富，但这一领域通常不会占据新闻头条。

You won’t find Feeney’s name carved on buildings – but his legacy is indelible.

你找不到刻着费尼名字的建筑物，但他留给我们的遗产不可磨灭。

In 2011, Feeney joined the Giving Pledge, a movement of individuals with extraordinary wealth who commit to giving the majority of it to charitable causes during their lifetimes or in their wills. At the time, he wrote, “I cannot think of a more personally rewarding and appropriate use of wealth than to give while one is living, to personally devote oneself to meaningful efforts to improve the human condition.”

2011年，费尼加入了“捐赠誓言”（Giving Pledge），这是一项由拥有巨额财富的个人发起的倡议，他们承诺在有生之年或在遗嘱中将大部分财富捐给慈善事业。费尼当时写到：“在活着的时候就做出捐赠、投身于改善人类福祉的努力，我想不出有什么比这更有意义、更恰当的方式来使用财富了。”

What made Feeney remarkable isn’t what he said he’d do – it’s how thoroughly and thoughtfully he did it. He gave away virtually all his wealth while he was alive. And he gave it to a vast array of causes around the world: public health system strengthening in Vietnam, HIV clinics in South Africa, and grassroots campaigns to expand health care coverage to people with low incomes, to name a few.

费尼的非凡之处不在于他说他要做什么，而在于他做得如此认真和彻底。他在世时几乎把所有财富都捐给了世界各地多种多样的慈善项目，从加强越南的公共卫生系统，到支持南非的艾滋病诊所，再到扩大低收入人群医疗卫生服务覆盖的基层运动等等。

Feeney’s humble but powerful philanthropy inspired so many people, including Warren Buffett and our foundation’s co-chairs, Bill Gates and Melinda French Gates. He showed us all how the actions of one generous person can set the wheels in motion for generations of progress.

费尼谦逊而有力的慈善精神激励了很多人，包括沃伦·巴菲特和我们基金会的联席主席比尔·盖茨与梅琳达·弗兰奇·盖茨。从他身上，我们看到一个慷慨的人是如何通过他的行动推动几代人的进步的。

That’s exactly what our foundation aims to do. We believe that everyone should have the chance to live a healthy and productive life, no matter who they are or where they live.

这正是我们基金会的目标。我们相信，人人都应该有机会过上健康而富有成效的生活，无论他们是谁，无论他们生活在哪里。

To make the biggest impact – which we measure in lives saved and livelihoods improved – we focus on areas of great human need in the United States and around the world. We’re committed to spending down our endowment after our founders’ deaths because we’re focused on solving urgent problems now, and helping set up systems that will outlive us.

为了让捐赠产生最大的社会效益——我们用挽救生命和改善生活作为衡量指标——我们专注于满足美国和世界各地的人们最迫切的需求。我们承诺在创始人去世后逐步用掉我们的慈善资产，因为我们专注于解决当前最紧迫的问题，并帮助建立比我们的生命更长久的、可持续产生影响的系统。

That’s why our board committed to increasing our annual payout to $9 billion by 2026. Earlier this month, they approved a 2024 budget of $8.6B, which we’ll use to fund innovative ways to save and improve lives.

这就是为什么我们的理事会做出承诺，到2026年将我们的年度赠款支出增至90亿美元。本月早些时候，理事会批准了2024年的年度预算：86亿美元。我们将用这笔钱资助能够挽救生命、改善生活的创新。

Other philanthropists are stepping up too – and in this letter I’ll share why that makes me so hopeful about how much more we can achieve together at a time of great need and even greater opportunity.

其他慈善家也在加速行动。在这封信中，我会和大家分享为什么在这个巨大的需求与更加巨大的机遇并存的时代，我对于通过共同努力取得更多成就充满希望。

Big challenges & big potential

大挑战和大潜力

In the years since the COVID-19 pandemic struck, we’ve witnessed the rise, after decades of decline, of extreme poverty. A resurgence of deadly infectious diseases. Climate disasters. Old wars and new ones.

新冠疫情暴发以来的几年里，我们目睹了极端贫困率在经历了几十年的下降后出现反弹、致命的传染病死灰复燃，以及气候灾难和新旧战争。

It’s hard to grapple with the inequities. Parents bury their children, lost to diseases people in rich countries will never have to worry about. Women die in childbirth who could have been saved with basic, low-cost interventions – simply because of their race, income, or where they happen to be born. Hundreds of millions of people live on less than $2.15 a day – on the same planet where, during the first 24 months of the pandemic, billionaires’ wealth rose more than it had in the 23 years prior.

这些不平等难以应对。父母埋葬病逝的孩子，而这些疾病是富裕国家永远不必担心的问题。很多女性死于分娩，而仅仅因为她们的种族、收入或出生地使得她们无法获得低成本的基本干预措施。数亿人每天的生活费不足2.15美元——而就在同一个星球上，在疫情暴发的头24个月里，亿万富豪的财富增幅超过了此前的23年。

And just as needs are mounting, low-income countries have fewer resources with which to meet them. Nearly half the world’s people now live in countries that spend more on servicing foreign debt than they do on health care. And official development assistance – the grants and low-cost financing that help the poorest countries meet basic human needs – has steadily fallen in real terms, as wealthy countries spend more on other priorities at home and abroad.

需求是巨大的，但低收入国家用于满足需求的资源却捉襟见肘。世界近一半人口生活在偿还外债的支出超过医疗保健支出的国家。政府发展援助计划，即帮助最贫困国家满足人类基本需求的赠款和低成本融资，在实际价值上逐年下降，因为富裕国家在国内外的其他优先事项上花费得更多。

Exemplars in philanthropy

慈善榜样

Around the world, philanthropists are partnering with local communities, NGOs, and governments to use their capital to make a meaningful difference. Here are just a few examples.

世界各地的慈善家正和社区、非政府组织及政府部门合作，利用他们的资金让改变发生。这里是其中几个例子。

Driving transformational change

推动变革

The Skoll Foundation was created to build a sustainable world of peace and prosperity by investing in, connecting, and championing social entrepreneurs and other social innovators working to advance bold and equitable solutions to the world’s most pressing problems.

斯科尔基金会（Skoll Foundation）的创立旨在通过投资、联接和支持社会企业家及其他社会创新者，为应对世界上最紧迫的问题推动大胆而公平的解决方案，建立一个可持续的和平与繁荣的世界。

Investing in the next generation

投资于下一代

The Azim Premji Foundation’s vision is to contribute towards a more just, equitable, humane and sustainable society. Their work is focused on advancing education in India.

阿齐姆·普莱姆基基金会（Azim Premji Foundation）的愿景是，为建设一个更加公平、公正、人道和可持续的社会做贡献。他们的工作重点是推进印度的教育。

Together, we go further

我们携手共进

For Tsitsi Masiyiwa, giving is about “a love for humanity.”

对齐齐·马希依瓦（Tsitsi Masiyiwa）而言，给予就是“对人类的爱”。

The Zimbabwe-born social entrepreneur became a philanthropist after witnessing the devastating impact of HIV and AIDS on her community. After her aunt lost eight children to the disease, Masiyiwa was compelled to act. For her, that meant giving: first through the Higherlife Foundation, and later through Delta Philanthropies, both co-founded with her husband, Strive Masiyiwa. (Strive is a member of the Gates Foundation’s board of trustees).

在目睹了艾滋病对社区造成的毁灭性影响后，这位出生于津巴布韦的社会企业家成为了一名慈善家。由于艾滋病，她的姑姑失去了八个孩子，马希依瓦因此开始采取行动。对她而言，这意味着给予：先是通过“生命之光”（Higherlife）基金会，后来是通过德尔塔（Delta）慈善机构。这两家机构都是由她和她的丈夫斯特里夫·马希依瓦（Strive Masiyiwa）共同创办的（斯特里夫也是盖茨基金会理事会成员之一）。

The Masiyiwas realized that aligning their investments with government priorities and policies would amplify their impact. This approach has led to increased scholarships for students, better-equipped and trained farmers in rural areas for sustainable food production, and reduced rates of cholera and neglected tropical diseases in communities.

马希依瓦夫妇意识到，将他们的投资与政府的优先事项和政策相结合，将能产生更大的社会效益。这个方法提高了学生的奖学金，为农民提供了更好的设备和培训以实现可持续的粮食生产，并降低了社区中霍乱和被忽视热带病的发病率。

Gender inequality widens existing gaps across all these issues and more, so Masiyiwa looked for opportunities to combine forces with other philanthropists to improve the futures of women and girls. In 2022, she launched the Africa Gender Initiative to raise $50 million from African philanthropists for gender equality.

性别不平等加剧了所有这些问题，因此马希依瓦开始寻找机会与其他慈善家合力，改善女性的未来。2022年，她发起了非洲性别平等倡议（Africa Gender Initiative） ，从非洲慈善家那里筹集了5000万美元以促进性别平等。

Today, she is chair of two donor collaboratives: END Fund, which is dedicated to ending neglected tropical diseases, and Co-Impact, a collaborative that brings funders and nonprofits together to amplify their collective work, including on gender equality.

今天，她是两个共建式慈善组织的主席：致力于消除被忽视的热带病的“消除基金”（END Fund）及“联合影响”组织（Co-Impact），该组织将资助者和非营利组织聚在一起，扩大他们合作的影响力，包括促进性别平等。

“The solutions to our problems don’t lie with a single philanthropist or organization,” Masiyiwa says. “But if we pull our resources together with a common agenda, we are able to make a bigger impact than we could alone.”

马希依瓦说：“解决问题的方法不能依靠某个慈善家或组织。如果把资源集中起来解决共同的问题，我们就能比单独行动产生更大的影响。”

Catalyzing lasting change

催化持久的改变

Belinda Tanoto and her family believe that access to high-quality education doesn’t just change one life – it can transform entire societies. They know today’s children are the next generation of leaders and aim to give them the support they need to achieve their aspirations.

陈昱廷（Belinda Tanoto）和她的家人认为，获得高质量的教育不仅能改变一个人的生活，还能改变整个社会。他们明白今天的孩子是下一代领导者，他们致力于为这些孩子实现抱负提供必要的支持。

“Since our earliest days, we have focused on education, as we believe that a quality education is the most effective tool to help people realize their potential,” said Tinah Tanoto, Belinda’s mother.

陈昱廷的母亲黄瑞娥（TinahTanoto）说：“从一开始，我们就把重点放在教育上，因为我们相信，优质教育是帮助人们实现潜能最有效的工具。”

Alongside partners, the Tanoto Foundation aims to remove barriers to opportunity, whether that means helping children get the nutrition they need to grow up strong in Indonesia or improving early childhood education in China. To date, they’ve helped establish 125 early learning centers across China – with a special focus on improving outcomes in rural communities.

陈江和基金会与伙伴一道，致力于支持人们获取公平机会，无论是帮助印度尼西亚的儿童获得茁壮成长所需的营养，还是改善中国的幼儿教育。迄今为止，他们已经在中国各地帮助建立了125个早教中心，尤其关注改善农村社区的早教成果。

Tanoto’s private sector experience has informed her giving strategy and has led her to advocate for more corporate participation in philanthropic initiatives. “When private-sector companies act as implementing partners,” she says, “they can exponentially enhance impact on beneficiaries and communities.”

陈昱廷在私营部门的经验塑造了她的捐赠策略，并促使她呼吁更多企业参与慈善。她说：“当私营公司成为执行伙伴，它们可以成倍地提高对受益人和社区的影响。”

Tanoto knows that lasting, positive change requires action from many players – which is why her family’s foundation partners with governments, experts, and communities themselves. But she sees philanthropy as a catalyst – able to fill gaps and kickstart progress that can lead to lasting, positive change.

陈昱廷知道，持久而积极的改变需要许多参与者的行动，这就是她的家族基金会选择与政府、专家和社区合作的原因。但她把慈善看作催化剂，填补差距，推动进步，促成持久而积极的改变。

The good news is that there are solutions – existing and emerging – that will improve and save lives despite these challenges. Innovative digital tools can help more women access economic opportunity. New interventions involving the gut microbiome can help solve malnutrition. Agricultural innovations can help farmers increase production, even in the face of extreme weather.

好消息是，尽管面临这些挑战，现有的和不断涌现的解决方案将改善和挽救更多生命。创新的数字工具可以帮助更多女性获得经济机会；肠道微生物组的新干预措施可以帮助解决营养不良问题；农业创新可以帮助农民在极端天气条件下提高产量。

But these solutions need support, or they’ll wind up merely as wasted potential. The sooner that support comes, the more people we can help today – and the better off we’ll leave the next generation.

但这些解决方案需要支持，否则其潜力终将浪费。越早得到支持，就能早日帮助越多的人，也能让我们的下一代过上更好的生活。

This starts with governments, who play the biggest and most essential role in making sure that solutions reach the people who need them. But governments face competing priorities and very real fiscal constraints. Too often, financial support for emerging crises comes at the expense of funding for fundamental health and development challenges.

首先要从政府开始，政府在确保这些解决方案惠及最有需要的人方面发挥着最大、最根本的作用。但各国政府都要同时面对许多优先事项和切实的财政限制。对新出现危机的财政支持往往是以牺牲对基础卫生系统和发展挑战的投入为代价的。

Governments need to do more. So do multilateral organizations and private companies, which play a vital role in driving innovation and progress. And there’s another sector that has so much potential to make the world a fairer, healthier place – which brings me back to Chuck Feeney.

政府需要做得更多。多边组织和私营企业同样如此，它们在推动创新和进步方面发挥着至关重要的作用。还有一个领域有巨大潜力能让世界变得更公平、更健康——这又让我说回查克·费尼。

Thousands of people are thriving today because he saw gaps and helped fill them. That’s what philanthropy can do – on a massive scale. Philanthropists all over the world are finding new ways to give to reduce inequities. I hope they’ll do more, and that more people step up to join them.

因为费尼看到了差距并帮助填补了这些缺口，千百万人在今天过上了好日子。这就是慈善能有所作为的地方。世界各地的慈善家都在寻找新的捐赠方式以减少不平等。我希望他们做得更多，也希望更多人加入他们。

From ideas to impact

从想法到影响力

The world is filled with innovators training their sights on big challenges. But going from an idea to an actual solution in people’s hands? That doesn’t happen often enough – and when it does, philanthropy has often played a bigger role than people may realize.

世界上有很多创新者，他们将目光投向大的挑战。但将一个想法变成人们手中的实际解决方案谈何容易——当这种情况真的发生时，慈善扮演的角色往往比人们可能意识到的要大。

Consider this: Wild poliovirus once paralyzed 7,000 children a week. In 2023, that number was only 12 children – over the entire year. That progress was possible because of brilliant innovators who discovered breakthroughs and frontline heroes who made sure that solutions reached children, even in the most remote parts of the world. And so much of that was possible because of philanthropy: Rotary International, our foundation, and other organizations dedicated to a future where polio is a thing of the past.

想想看，野生脊髓灰质炎病毒曾在一周内导致7000名儿童瘫痪。而到了2023年，这一数字是全年仅有12名儿童。这样的进步之所以成为可能，是因为卓越的创新者实现了新的突破，而了不起的一线工作者确保了解决方案惠及所有儿童——即使他们身处世界最偏远的地方。正是慈善让这一切成为可能：国际扶轮社、我们的基金会以及其他致力于让脊髓灰质炎成为历史的组织。

This is just one example of how, in the last few decades, governments and nongovernmental organizations have made incredible advances in the fight against infectious diseases. Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, has facilitated the immunization of more than 1 billion children. The Global Fund has saved 59 million lives from HIV, TB, and malaria. And the Carter Center and its partners are on the verge of making Guinea worm disease, a debilitating parasitic infection, the second human disease in history to be wiped off the face of the earth.

过去几十年里，各国政府和非政府组织在抗击传染病方面取得了非凡的进展，根除脊髓灰质炎只是其中一个例子。全球疫苗免疫联盟（Gavi）促成了10亿多儿童的免疫接种；全球基金避免了5900万人死于艾滋病、结核病和疟疾；卡特中心及其合作伙伴即将让麦地那龙线虫病（一种致人衰弱的寄生虫疾病）成为历史上第二种从地球上根除的人类疾病。

These accomplishments have a few things in common. They reflect the hard work of thousands of people. And they all were made possible by philanthropic contributions. Part of that is the money itself. But how philanthropists direct their funds, and who they collaborate with, is just as important.

这些成就有几点共同之处：它们是成千上万人辛勤工作的成果，并因慈善捐赠而成为可能。部分功劳在于资金本身，但慈善家如何规划资金投入方向，以及与谁合作同样重要。

For our foundation, that means looking for market failures – that is, areas where the public and private sectors may not have enough incentive to step in, so progress is unlikely if philanthropies don’t act. And it means catalyzing action from others, so that together, we can help scale lifesaving innovations and equip problem-solvers with the tools to go farther, faster.

对我们的基金会而言，这意味着寻找市场失灵的领域，即公共部门和私营部门可能缺乏足够动力介入的领域。如果慈善组织不采取行动，这些领域就不太可能取得进展。这也意味着要催化其他人的行动，这样我们就可以形成合力让挽救生命的创新得到更广泛的应用，并为解决问题的人提供工具，让他们走得更远、更快。

This is one of the most exciting parts of philanthropy: it has the flexibility to adapt quickly and take risks others can’t, which can accelerate progress.

这是慈善最令人激动的特点之一：它足够灵活，可以快速适应不同情况，并能承担其他人无法承担的风险，从而加速进步。

We move things forward, but we don’t do it alone. We do all our work in close collaboration with countries and communities to drive progress toward goals they’ve set – not the other way around. After all, while philanthropy can take risks and help fill gaps that would otherwise be overlooked or underfunded, it only makes a difference when it works in partnership with governments, the private sector, and local experts.

我们推动事情向前发展，但我们并非孤军奋战。我们通过和各个国家和社区的紧密合作开展所有的工作，朝着既定的目标推动进步，确保不会背离这些目标。毕竟，慈善虽然能承担风险、帮助填补被忽视或资金不足的缺口，但只有与政府、私营部门和当地专家合作才能真正带来改变。

Designing for equity: Philanthropy’s unique role

为平等而设计：慈善的独特角色

Wherever I go, I’m asked what the Gates Foundation is doing about two major topics: climate change and artificial intelligence. Our foundation’s approach to these issues illustrates how we think about the role of philanthropy, and our role specifically.

无论走到哪里，都有人问我，盖茨基金会在气候变化和人工智能这两大领域正在做什么。我们的基金会应对这些议题的方法能很好地阐释我们如何看待慈善的角色，尤其是我们基金会的角色。

First, climate change. The vast majority of climate spending goes toward mitigation efforts – that is, reducing carbon emissions. That’s critical for the future of our planet. But what about the effects that are already harming communities?

第一，气候变化。绝大多数的气候支出都用在了减缓措施上，即降低碳排放。这对我们地球的未来至关重要。但是，那些已经对社区造成的伤害怎么办？

The fact is, the people who have done the least to contribute to this crisis – like smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa – are already suffering its most severe consequences. Yet only about a tenth of global climate finance goes toward climate adaptation. And an even smaller fraction goes to interventions that would benefit the poorest.

事实上，对气候危机责任最小的人，如撒哈拉以南非洲的小农户，已经承受了气候变化最严重的后果。然而，只有约十分之一的全球气候资金用于气候适应，而用于惠及最贫困人口的干预措施的资金比例就更小了。

So, working with governments and international groups like CGIAR, the world’s largest global agricultural research organization, the Gates Foundation funds the R&D and delivery of solutions that expand the options available to farmers. These innovations, like chickens that are better able to survive disease and drought-tolerant strains of cassava, may not always be profitable for private companies to produce. But they have the potential to help millions of families grow their incomes. That’s exactly the kind of market failure we look to address.

因此，盖茨基金会与各国政府及国际组织合作（如全球最大的农业研究组织CGIAR），资助研发和解决方案的交付，为农民提供更多选择。这些创新，如更能抵御疾病的小鸡和耐旱的木薯品种，对私营企业来说，可能并不总是有利可图，但它们有潜力帮助数百万家庭提高收入，这正是我们希望解决的市场失灵问题。

Then there’s AI. When any new technology emerges, there’s a good chance that wealthy countries will harness its power while low-income countries are left behind. The same is true for AI – it won’t benefit poor communities unless it’s designed to.

接下来是人工智能。任何新技术出现伊始，富裕国家都最有可能先予以利用，低收入国家则被抛在后面。人工智能也是如此，除非设计时就将贫困社区考虑进去，否则它将无法惠及贫困人群。

Recently, we put out a call for proposals for researchers exploring the use of artificial intelligence to advance equity in global health and development. Nearly 80% of the proposals we received, and all the grants we selected, were from researchers in low- and middle-income countries.

最近，我们向研究人员发出了提案征集，探索利用人工智能促进全球健康和发展的公平性。我们收到的近80%的提案以及我们所有的资助对象，都是来自中低收入国家的研究人员。

They plan to use large language models to improve medical record-keeping for young women in Pakistan, provide nonjudgmental HIV counseling in South Africa, produce personalized STEM lessons on video to Nigerian schoolchildren, broadcast information about malaria risks in local languages over Tanzanian radio – and so much more.

例如，他们计划利用大型语言模型改善巴基斯坦年轻女性的病历记录；在南非提供一视同仁的艾滋病咨询服务；为尼日利亚学生制作个性化的STEM视频课程；在坦桑尼亚电台用当地语言宣传疟疾风险信息等等。

This work may still have happened without our involvement. But philanthropic support dramatically increases the likelihood that solutions will reach the people who need them, and soon.

即使没有我们的参与，这些项目可能仍会发生。但慈善的支持极大地增加了解决方案尽快惠及有需要的人的可能性。

Many ways to make the impossible possible

很多方法让不可能成为可能

We’re proud of the role our foundation plays to help solve urgent problems – but we’re far from the only ones doing this work. There are so many philanthropists bringing novel approaches and unique expertise to a wide range of issues.

我们为盖茨基金会在帮助解决紧迫问题方面发挥的作用感到骄傲，但我们远非唯一在做这项工作的人。很多慈善家为各种各样的议题带来了创新的办法和独到的专长。

The philanthropic ecosystem looks different than it did when I started doing this work over 15 years ago, and that’s a good thing. Donors around the world are bringing bold vision and lived experience to complex challenges. The African Philanthropy Forum helps African donors work together to drive inclusive, sustainable development across the continent. I’m excited by the work of foundations in India, China, and Singapore taking on local and global problems. As the next generation of philanthropists steps up, they’ll bring new ideas that raise the bar for what good giving looks like.

慈善的生态系统与我15年前刚做这项工作时不一样了，这是一件好事。世界各地的捐赠人正在为复杂的挑战描绘宏大的愿景并带来切实的经验。“非洲慈善论坛”正在帮助非洲捐赠人共同努力推动整个非洲大陆包容而可持续的发展。我对印度、中国和新加坡等国的基金会为解决本地和全球问题而开展的工作感到兴奋。随着下一代慈善家的崛起，他们将带来新想法，进一步提高慈善影响力的标杆。

Of course, it’s not just the very wealthy who can make a difference. Small donations, taken together, make an enormous impact. Today, nearly half the world’s countries participate in GivingTuesday, a movement that has facilitated more than $13 billion in donations since its creation in 2012.

当然，并不是只有非常富有的人才能有所作为。小额捐赠聚沙成塔也会产生巨大影响。目前，世界近一半的国家都加入了“慈善星期二”（GivingTuesday）的行列。自2012年创立以来，这项倡议已促成了130多亿美元的捐赠。

And then there are the millions of people around the world who send money from each paycheck back to their families in their home countries. This kind of giving, called remittances, reached $590 billion in 2020. That far surpassed all other sources of international aid combined.

另外，世界各地有数百万人从每一笔薪水中拿出一部分汇款给祖国的家人。这种捐助，即汇款，在2020年达到了5900亿美元。这远远超过了所有其他国际援助的总和。

You’d think that when people experience financial hardship, remittances would go down. But the opposite happens: People live with less so they can send more money home. During the COVID-19 pandemic, remittances went up – by 19%.

你可能认为，在遭遇经济困难时，汇款会减少。但实际情况与之相反：人们降低了生活开销，目的是把更多钱寄回家。新冠大流行期间，汇款额增长了19%。

There’s so much generosity in the world. And there are more resources than ever before to help philanthropists translate their generosity into impact, from donor collaboratives – also referred to as collaborative funds – to new models of large-scale giving.

世界上的慷慨行为数不胜数。现在比以往任何时候都有更多资源来帮助慈善家们将他们的慷慨捐赠转化为社会效益，无论是通过“共建式慈善”还是其他大规模捐赠的新模式。

I know there are people genuinely committed to philanthropy with limited capacity to give today. But for those who can, starting now has enormous benefits.

我知道有人真正致力于慈善事业，只是现有的捐赠能力有限。但对于那些有捐赠能力的人而言，现在就开始捐赠则益处良多。

For one thing, you’ll actually get to see the impact you make. You’ll also have time to build trust and understanding with the people doing the work. Strong partnerships are their own reward – but they also lead to greater impact. And the sooner you start, the more momentum you can build. That’s especially important when you’re working on issues where progress is measured not in months, or even years, but decades.

首先，你能真正看到你带来的社会效益。你还将有时间与一线工作的人建立信任和相互理解。牢固的伙伴关系本身就是回报，也会带来更大的社会效益。你越早开始，就越能积攒更多势能。这一点尤为重要，因为在你从事的领域，进步可能不是以月或年来衡量的，而是需要几十年的时间才能看到效果。

Giving to the areas of greatest need

捐给最有需要的领域

Whether donors have $10 or $10 million to give, they want to know their dollars are making an impact – and with so many options of where and how to give, the decision can feel daunting. Luckily, decades of innovation and collaboration within the global philanthropic sector mean that donors don’t have to navigate the journey alone.

无论捐赠者捐了10美元还是1000万美元，他们都希望知道自己的钱正在产生影响。面对众多的捐赠项目 和捐赠方式，做出选择并不容易。幸运的是，全球慈善领域数十年的创新与合作意味着捐赠者不必独自面对这一难题。

How can givers direct their dollars to the areas of greatest need – and trust that they’re being spent efficiently?

捐赠人怎样才能把钱用在最有需要的领域，并且相信这些钱花得有效率？

In the United States, community foundations are an extraordinary resource. They have deep local ties and can help guide givers to the areas of greatest impact.

在美国，社区基金会是了不起的资源。这些基金会扎根社区，可以引导捐赠人关注能产生最大社会效益的领域。

Donor collaboratives are a great resource for large-scale, international giving. These organizations bring givers together, provide deep expertise, and channel dollars to local organizations effectively

共建式慈善基金对于大规模的国际捐赠而言是重要的资源。这些共建式慈善基金将捐赠人汇聚在一起，为他们提供深度的专业知识并将他们的赠款有效地导向全球各地的一线机构。

Donor collaboratives and their common commitment to equity

共建式慈善及其对平等的共同承诺

Seventy percent of collaboratives report explicitly prioritizing gender or racial equity.

70%的共建式慈善基金明确表示优先考虑性别或种族平等。

Some are issue-specific, like the END Fund, which is focused on eliminating neglected tropical diseases, or the Co-Impact Gender Fund, which supports women’s leadership. Others help specific communities. Anamaya focuses on the health and nutrition of tribal communities in India. Blue Meridian Partners looks to scale solutions that expand opportunity for people living in poverty in the United States and has raised $4.5 billion since its inception.

有些共建式慈善基金专注于特定议题，如“消除基金”（END Fund）专注于消除被忽视的热带病；“共同影响性别基金”（Co-Impact Gender Fund）专注于支持女性发挥领导力。还有一些组织的目标是帮助特定社区，如 Anamaya专注于印度土著社区的健康和营养问题；“蓝色子午线伙伴基金”（Blue Meridian Partners）专注于解决扶贫方案的应用普及，从而为美国贫困人口提供更多机会，该组织自成立以来已筹集了45亿美元。

Are small organizations really equipped to absorb major gifts?

小型组织真的有能力吸纳巨额捐赠吗？

In 2020, MacKenzie Scott began giving large, unrestricted gifts to nonprofits and educational institutions, many of them small organizations. Some people questioned whether the grants were bigger than recipient organizations could handle.

2020年，麦肯齐·斯科特女士开始向非营利组织和教育机构提供大额的非限定性捐赠，其中许多受赠方是小型组织。有些人质疑这些赠款是否超出了受赠组织的承受能力。

But a study by the Center for Effective Philanthropy found that nonprofit leaders who received grants from Scott reported few negative consequences and were planning for the long term to minimize risks after the grants are spent. Today, those grants are strengthening nearly 2,000 effective institutions worldwide.

但“有效慈善研究中心”（Center for Effective Philanthropy）的一项研究发现，麦肯齐·斯科特女士资助的非营利组织领导人反映的负面结果很少，而且他们正在做长期规划以降低赠款用完后的风险。目前，全球有近2000个高效运营的组织受益于斯科特女士的资助。

What billions of dollars could do

数十亿美元能干什么

There’s so much that was remarkable about Chuck Feeney’s giving, but one thing that sticks out to me is how he prioritized people furthest from opportunity.

查克·费尼的捐赠有很多非凡之处，但有一件事给我留下了深刻印象，那就是他如何优先考虑那些离机会最远的人。

Most rich donors express a desire to give to social change – but in practice, a greater proportion of their giving goes to elite universities and cultural institutions. Feeney did both. He gave nearly a billion to his alma mater, but he also gave billions to basic human needs.

大多数富有的捐赠人都表达了为社会变革捐款的愿望，但在实际操作中，他们捐款中的很大一部分流向了精英大学和文化机构。费尼两样都做到了，他向母校捐赠了近10亿美元，同时也为满足人类的基本需求捐赠了数十亿美元。

Imagine the possibilities if more donors followed his lead. What if, alongside a $100 million dollar gift to a highly selective university, they also gave $100 million to set up a system that makes online textbooks free for every college student in the United States, forever? If a donor gave $20 million to an institution searching for a cure for cancer, and $20 million to fund research on malaria, a disease that still kills a child every minute? Or $5 million to their child’s private school and $5 million to support quality teaching across sub-Saharan Africa?

想象一下，如果更多捐赠人跟随他的脚步会发生什么。如果他们向一所顶尖大学捐赠1亿美元的同时，又捐了1亿美元建起一个系统，让美国所有大学生永久免费使用在线教材，这会产生怎样的影响？如果一个捐赠人给某研究癌症治疗方法的机构捐了2000万美元，又捐了2000万美元针对每两分钟就杀死一个孩子的疟疾开展研究，又会带来怎样的改变？捐赠人给自己孩子的私立学校捐了500万美元，同时又捐了500万美元以改善撒哈拉以南非洲地区的教育，这又会带来怎样的变化？

I know that very few people are willing or able to give away all their wealth. But there’s a lot of ground between Feeney’s blockbuster generosity and the current state of giving among the ultra-wealthy – and so many opportunities to make an impact.

我知道很少有人愿意或能够捐出全部财富。但超级富豪的捐赠现状与费尼的慷慨捐赠之间存在着一个巨大的空间，有很多机会可以产生影响、带来改变。

Globally, the net worth of the world’s 2,640 billionaires is at least $12.2 trillion. With $1 billion, philanthropists could fund a set of high-impact, low-cost interventions that could save the lives of two million additional mothers and babies by 2030. With $4 billion, they could help a half-billion smallholder farmers become more climate resilient and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture by 1 gigaton a year by 2030. With just over $7 billion, they could get vaccines to 300 million people, preventing at least 7 million deaths.

全球范围内，2640位亿万富翁的净资产总和至少有12.2万亿美元。投入10亿美元，慈善家们就可以资助一系列影响巨大且成本低廉的干预措施，到2030年可以多挽救200万母亲和婴儿的生命；

投入40亿美元，他们就可以帮助5亿小农户增强气候韧性，并且到2030年每年减少10亿吨农业温室气体排放；投入70多亿美元，他们就可以为3亿人接种疫苗，防止至少700万人死亡。

If every billionaire on earth donated 0.5% of their wealth, it would unlock $61 billion dollars – enough to cover all the above and still have $49 billion left over.

如果地球上的每个亿万富翁都捐出他们财富的0.5%，这将释放出610亿美元——足以覆盖上述全部项目，还有490亿结余。

That kind of money could create so many opportunities for so many people – but only if it gets spent, and spent well. In the United States, Canada, and Australia, philanthropic foundations are required to disburse at least 5% of their assets each year. I personally believe this could be higher – especially given that we’re talking about tax-advantaged dollars. Though it’s better than the current situation across most of Europe, where foundations face no payout requirements at all.

这样一笔钱可以为很多人创造大量机会，但前提是这笔钱被花掉，而且要花得好。在美国、加拿大和澳大利亚，慈善基金会被要求每年至少支出其资产的5%。我个人认为这个数字可以更高，尤其是考虑到我们说的是享受了税收优惠的资金。不过这已经比目前欧洲大部分地区的情况要好，那里的基金会完全没有支出要求。

Today’s world has no shortage of complex problems to be tackled, or innovators ready to take them on. Around the world, they’re on the cusp of breakthroughs that can save and improve millions of lives. Some of these discoveries are already reaching people in need. Others will take some time but have the potential to change life as we know it. But without generous investment and persistent support, great ideas remain just that: ideas.

当今世界不乏需要解决的复杂问题，也不乏敢于挑战这些问题的创新者。在世界各地，他们正在寻求突破，以挽救和改善数百万人的生命。其中一些突破已经惠及了有需要的人。而另一些则需要时间，但已经显示出改变人们生活的潜力。然而，如果没有慷慨的投资和持续的支持，伟大的想法也只是想法而已。

If more people step up their commitments and focus their resources on the areas of greatest need, those ideas can translate to impact. That means more farmers who can support their families no matter the weather, more children who don’t suffer from preventable diseases, and more mothers for whom childbirth is a source of joy, not fear.

如果更多人加大承诺并将他们的资源集中于最有需要的领域，这些想法就可以转化为社会效益。这意味着更多农民无论天气如何都能养家糊口、更多孩子能免受可预防疾病的危害、更多母亲将分娩视为快乐而非恐惧的源泉。

Together, we can realize the full potential of philanthropy at the very moment the world needs it most.

在世界最有需要的时刻，我们可以共同努力，让慈善发挥全部潜能。

Mark Suzman

马克·苏斯曼

Chief Executive Officer

首席执行官

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会

本文来源：盖茨基金会官网

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