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Chapter I

Introduction

导言

1. From the ashes of war through seven decades of profound turbulence and change, the vision articulated in the Charter of the United Nations has stood the test of time, even as the world has become transformed beyond anything our founders imagined. That vision — of Member States “uniting their strength” in pursuit of peace, prosperity and dignity for all — continues to underpin our global work.

世界从战争废墟中一路走来，历经70年的沧桑动荡和变化，变迁程度已超出联合国缔造者的想像，但《联合国宪章》阐述的愿景经受了时间的考验。会员国“集中力量”谋求人人享有和平、繁荣和尊严，这一愿景依然是我们全球工作的支柱。

2. As we mark the seventieth anniversary of the United Nations, we have much to be proud of. The world has avoided global conflict on the scale seen twice in the first half of the twentieth century. Numerous smaller wars were averted or brought to an earlier end. We have made enormous strides in building the long-term foundations of peace by lifting millions out of extreme poverty, empowering women, advancing human rights, international law and efforts to ensure justice for heinous crimes, and spearheading the decolonization movement.

值此纪念联合国成立70周年之际，我们值得骄傲之处甚多。世界避免了二十世纪上半叶两次出现的那种大规模全球冲突，并防止或早日终止了数次较小规模的战争。我们努力使数百万人摆脱极端贫穷，增强妇女权能，推进人权和国际法，确保司法公正战胜残暴罪行，并引领非殖民化运动，从而为建设持久和平基石取得长足进展。公众号高斋翻硕

3. In spite of all this, however, age-old problems persist, from poverty to discrimination. Inequalities are growing in all societies, and the poorest of the poor are being left farther behind. Shocking crimes of violence against women and girls continue to occur, especially in conflict situations, where sexual violence becomes a tool of war. The newer threat of climate change has only begun to show the potential severity of its impacts. In an increasingly fast-paced and interconnected world, problems have become more complex. Opportunities abound but risks are greater and more contagious. Never before have the most pressing concerns and problems been so common to us all. Never has the need for the United Nations been greater. Never have Member States had more reason to heed the Charter’s call to “unite our strength”.

然而，尽管有如此进展，贫穷、歧视等各种顽疾却挥之不去。不平等现象在各个社会中不断加剧，最贫穷者被抛在更后面。暴力侵害妇女和女童的震惊罪行不断发生，尤其是在冲突局势中，性暴力已成为战争工具。气候变化这一新威胁的潜在严重影响刚开始显露。在节奏日益加快、关联性不断增强的世界中，各种问题变得更加错综复杂。机会层出不穷，但风险更加严峻和普遍。最紧迫的焦点和问题从未像现在这样与我们每个人如此休戚相关。对联合国的需求从未如此强烈。会员国则比以往任何时候都更有必要重视《联合国宪章》发出的“集中力量”的呼吁。公众号高斋CATTI

4. People around the world looked to their Governments and to the United Nations for leadership in preventing and responding to these problems. Looking forward, we have a confluence of opportunities to set the world on a better course. We have the chance to end poverty, bring climate change under control, and agree on shared approaches to funding and implementing a new development agenda.

世界各地人民期望各国政府和联合国发挥领导作用，防止和应对这些问题。展望未来，我们有许多机会将世界带上一个更好的轨道。我们有机会消除贫穷，控制气候变化，并商定供资和执行新发展议程的共同办法。

5. Already in the past year we made significant progress towards these interconnected ends. Political momentum on climate change was greatly accelerated by the Climate Summit that I hosted in September 2014 in New York and by the twentieth session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in Lima in December. An inspiring set of sustainable development goals has been put forward to guide our work for the next generation, and a comprehensive framework for funding these plans was adopted at the Third International Conference on Financing for Development. The panels on peace operations and peacebuilding produced important reports on how the United Nations can more effectively respond to the security challenges of the future. My Human Rights up Front initiative is designed to enhance our efforts to identify and respond to serious violations of human rights and international human rights law at an earlier stage.

过去的一年，我们在实现这些相互关联的目标方面已取得相当进展。2014年9月我在纽约主持召开的气候变化问题首脑会议和12月在利马举行的联合国气候变化框架公约缔约方大会第20次会议极大加快了关于气候变化问题的政治势头。已经提出了一套鼓舞人心的可持续发展目标以指导我们将为下一代开展的工作，并在第三次发展筹资问题国际会议上通过了为这些计划供资的全面框架。和平行动小组和建设和平小组提出了关于联合国如何更有效应对未来安全挑战的重要报告。我的“人权先行”倡议旨在更努力地在较早阶段查明和应对严重违反人权和国际人权法的行为。公众号高斋CATTI

6. Finally, we have made progress on a number of key transformational initiatives designed to make the Organization truly global and to maximize our capacity to deliver on mandates effectively and efficiently.

最后，我们在一些关键改革举措方面取得进展，这些举措旨在使本组织真正成为一个全球组织，旨在最大限度提高我们切实有效执行任务的能力。

7. Looking forward to the year ahead, I am optimistic that we will soon arrive at a new vision for sustainable development, new directions for the maintenance of peace and security, a renewed embrace of human rights, and a stronger United Nations to help bring our goals to life.

展望来年，我乐观地相信，我们不久将商定一个可持续发展新愿景，提出维护和平与安全新方向，继续支持人权，并建设一个更强大的联合国，以使我们的目标得以实现。公众号高斋CATTI

Chapter II

The work of the Organization

联合国的工作

A. Promotion of sustained economic growth and sustainable development

A. 促进持续经济增长和可持续发展

1. The Millennium Development Goals

1.  千年发展目标

8. Experience with the Millennium Development Goals has shown the value of a clear, collective vision for galvanizing action, combined with focused targets for measuring progress. We have made enormous progress. Several targets have been met (see annex). The global extreme poverty rate has been halved and continues to decline. More children than ever are attending primary school. Child deaths have dropped dramatically. About 2.6 billion people gained access to an improved drinking water source. Targeted investments in fighting malaria, HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis have saved millions. Coherent national policies aligned to global agreements have resulted in progress in combating both non-communicable and acute diseases.

我们在千年发展目标方面的经验表明，为促进行动而有一个明确的集体愿景，并辅之以衡量进展的针对性指标，这具有重要意义。我们已取得巨大进展。若干千年发展目标已经落实(见附件)。全球极端贫穷率已经减半并继续下降。就读小学的儿童人数超过以往任何时候。儿童死亡人数急剧减少。约26亿人获得了改良饮用水源。用于防治疟疾、艾滋病毒/艾滋病和结核病的针对性投资挽救了数百万个生命。连贯一致的国家政策与全球协定相衔接，使得非传染性疾病和急性病防治工作取得进展。公众号高斋翻硕 公众号高斋CATTI

9. Significant gaps remain, however, including in improving maternal and reproductive health, achieving gender equality, achieving full and productive employment especially for women and youth, stemming the alarming global rate of deforestation, and accelerating progress across the board in least developed countries. In many cases, these lags have been mutually reinforcing. For example, gender equality and empowerment of women are preconditions for overcoming poverty, hunger and disease, but progress towards Goal 3 has been slow on many fronts. Deforestation exacerbates greenhouse gas emissions and climate change and undermines the attainment of other targets, since forest resources contribute to poverty eradication, food security and the distribution of wealth, especially for the rural poor. The measurement of regional and national averages can mask large differences across and within regions and countries. Advances in many areas often bypass the poor and the most vulnerable. Policies and interventions will be needed to eliminate the persistent or even increasing inequalities between the rich and the poor, between rural and urban areas, and to improve the conditions of those disadvantaged by gender, age, disability, ethnicity, or geographic location, and those who experience multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination, such as women and girls.

然而，在改善孕产和生殖健康、实现性别平等、实现生产性充分就业(特别是妇女和青年)、抑制令人震惊的全球毁林速度和加快最不发达国家普遍进步等方面依然存在严重差距。在许多情况下，这些滞后相互作用。例如，性别平等和增强妇女权能是战胜贫穷、饥饿和疾病的先决条件，但在许多方面，实现目标3的进展缓慢。毁林加剧了温室气体排放和气候变化并有碍实现其他目标，因为森林资源有助于消除贫穷、粮食安全和财富分配，特别是对农村贫民而言。对区域和国家平均水平的计量会掩盖区域和国家之间及内部的巨大差异。许多领域的进展往往并未惠及贫民和最弱势者。需要采取政策和干预措施以消除贫富之间、农村和城市地区之间持续存在、甚至不断加剧的不平等，并改善那些因性别、年龄、残疾状况、族裔或地理位置而处境不利者以及遭受多重和交叉歧视者(例如妇女和女童)的境况。

10. Bolder and more focused action is also needed to accelerate progress in the least developed countries. If recommended by the High-level Panel of Experts on the feasibility study, a technology bank for the least developed countries will be operationalized during the seventieth session of the General Assembly. Many least developed countries still depend heavily on official development assistance (ODA) as the primary source of external and public financing and, while overall flows may be stable, flows to the poorest countries are still falling, the distribution among those countries has been uneven and the impact has not always been as successful as envisaged. Only 5 of the 29 members of the Development Assistance Committee of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development have met the United Nations ODA target of 0.7 per cent of their gross national income, while 9 meet the lower bound of the target by providing more than 0.15 per cent of their gross national income as ODA to the least developed countries.

还需要采取更大胆和更有针对性的行动，在最不发达国家加快取得进展。如果可行性研究高级别专家小组提出建议，最不发达国家技术库将在大会第七十届会议期间得以落实。许多最不发达国家仍严重依赖官方发展援助，将其作为外部和公共融资的主要来源。虽然官方发展援助资金总量可能保持稳定，但最贫穷国家所获款项继续减少，对这些国家的供资分布并不均衡，而且并非总能实现预期的成功影响。在经济合作与发展组织发展援助委员会29个成员中，仅有5个达到占国民总收入0.7%这一联合国官方发展援助指标，9个达到对最不发达国家援助目标下限，即把超过0.15%的国民总收入作为对最不发达国家的官方发展援助。公众号高斋翻硕 公众号高斋CATTI

11. Landlocked developing countries have continued to face important challenges, but have nevertheless made tangible progress towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals, particularly in reducing the proportion of people living in extreme poverty.

内陆发展中国家继续面临严峻挑战，但在实现千年发展目标方面取得了切实进展，尤其是降低了极端贫穷人口比例。

2. Sustainable development

可持续发展

12. The year 2015 provides an unprecedented opportunity to put the world on a sustainable development path. The post-2015 development and climate processes, which ultimately aim to eradicate poverty, improve people’s lives, and rapidly transition to a low-carbon, climate-resilient economy, are mutually reinforcing: when acted on together, they can provide prosperity and security for present and future generations.   

2015年为我们提供了使世界走上可持续发展道路的前所未有机遇。2015年后发展进程和气候进程的最终目标是消除贫穷、改善人民生活并迅速转向低碳和适应气候变化的经济，它们之间相辅相成，一并落实可为今世后代带来繁荣和安全。

13. This new agenda aims to address both existing and emerging challenges. Growing global inequality, increasing exposure to natural hazards, rapid urbanization, new patterns of migration, and the overconsumption of energy and natural resources by some threaten to drive disaster risk to dangerous levels with systemic global impacts. Annual economic losses from disasters are estimated at an average of $250-300 billion.

这一新议程旨在解决现有和新出现的挑战。不断加剧的全球不平等、日益严重的自然危害风险、快速城市化、新的移徙模式和某些人过度消费能源和自然资源，这些问题有可能将灾害风险推至危险程度并造成系统性全球影响。灾害造成的年度平均经济损失估计为2500-3000亿美元。

14. By building and expanding on the lessons learned from the experience of the Millennium Development Goals and other internationally agreed commitments, the post-2015 development agenda will chart development efforts, for the next 15 years and beyond, in pursuit of poverty eradication and sustainable development in its social, economic and environmental dimensions. It will be an agenda to improve people’s lives and realize their human rights, in full harmony with nature. In a new departure, it will be a universal agenda entailing national and global responsibilities for all countries. Each and every country will have a responsibility towards its own citizens and towards the international community for implementing this agenda. The inclusion of all stakeholders in the implementation of the post-2015 agenda, including monitoring and review, is of the utmost importance to ensure ownership at all levels.

2015年后发展议程将借鉴千年发展目标以及其他国际商定承诺的经验教训并在此基础上补充扩大，引领今后15年乃至其后时期的发展工作，力求消除贫穷并实现社会、经济和环境的可持续发展。这将是一个谋求在与自然充分和谐相处基础上改善人民生活和实现其人权的议程。作为一个新起点，这将是一个载列所有各国的国家和全球责任的全球议程。每个国家对本国公民和国际社会都负有实施该议程的责任。把所有利益攸关方纳入2015年后议程的执行工作，包括监测和审查工作，这对确保所有各级的自主权极为重要。公众号高斋翻硕 公众号高斋CATTI

15. The proposed 17 sustainable development goals and 169 targets developed by the Open Working Group of the General Assembly on Sustainable Development Goals will be at the heart of the post-2015 development agenda. They are ambitious. They have the potential to transform societies and mobilize people and countries. They integrate the unfinished business of the Millennium Development Goals and go beyond them by addressing inequality, new challenges and structural issues such as climate change, sustainable economic growth, productive capacities, peace and security and effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels. They take a proactive approach to achieving gender equality. They capture the economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainable development in a balanced way. They also spell out means of implementation under each specific goal and in one stand-alone goal on the global partnership, bringing together Governments, civil society and other actors for a truly integrated approach to international development for people and planet.

大会可持续发展目标开放工作组拟定的17项可持续发展目标和169项指标将是2015年后发展议程的核心。这些目标雄心勃勃，有可能借以改造社会和调动民众和国家。它们整合千年发展目标的未竟事业并更进一步，着眼于解决不平等现象以及气候变化、可持续经济增长、生产能力、和平与安全以及有效、负责、包容的各级结构等新挑战和结构性问题。它们在实现性别平等方面采取积极主动的办法。它们均衡抓住了可持续发展的经济、社会和环境层面。它们还针对每个具体目标和关于全球伙伴关系的一个单独目标阐明执行手段，汇集各国政府、民间社会和其他行为体，采取真正的统筹办法推动有利于人民和地球的国际发展。公众号高斋翻硕 公众号高斋CATTI

16. Implementation of the post-2015 development agenda will require renewed efforts by all Governments to strengthen public institutions by enhancing their responsiveness and accountability in order to meet growing demands on service delivery, as set forth in the proposed goals and targets. Governments must therefore be ready to innovate and develop effective, accountable, participatory and transparent institutions at all levels, to ensure efficient and effective use of public resources for the services and benefits of all citizens, particularly women and girls and marginalized groups.

2015年后发展议程的执行需要各国政府作出新的努力，按照拟议目标和指标，加强公共机构，提高其顺应能力和问责制，以期满足提供服务方面日益增长的需求。因此，各国政府必须准备好创建和发展有效、负责、参与型和透明的各级机构，确保切实有效地利用公共资源为所有公民，尤其是为妇女和女童以及边缘群体提供服务和福利。

17. To be realized, these goals must be matched by an equally ambitious agreement on financing for development, technology facilitation and capacity-building, and by a universal and ambitious climate change agreement. New ways must be found to mobilize and allocate financial resources and other means of implementation such as information and communications technologies more effectively. Only by making progress on these tracks together can we achieve a better future for humanity.

要实现这些目标，还必须达成同样雄心勃勃的关于发展筹资、技术促进和能力建设的协定以及普遍和目标远大的气候变化协定。必须寻找更有效调动和分配财政资源以及信息和通信技术等其他执行手段的新途径。只有在这些领域齐头并进，我们才能实现更美好的人类未来。公众号高斋翻硕 公众号高斋CATTI

18. On 13 July, I joined with Heads of State and other high-ranking Government officials, the heads of international organizations, business leaders, nongovernmental organizations and prominent academics for the Third International Conference on Financing for Development, at which Member States adopted the Addis Ababa Action Agenda as the outcome document. The Action Agenda establishes a strong foundation to support implementation of the post-2015 development agenda including the sustainable development goals. It provides a new global framework for financing sustainable development. It includes a policy agenda that incentivizes a shift in investment towards areas of global need, and that aligns all financing flows and policies with economic, social and environmental priorities. It contains agreement on a comprehensive set of policy actions by Member States, with a package of over 100 concrete measures that are related to all sources of public, private, national and international finance, trade, debt, systemic issues, science, technology, innovation and capacity-building. The Action Agenda also serves as a guide for actions by the private sector, civil society, and philanthropic organizations. Deliverables announced at the sidelines of the Conference, along with additional initiatives to be launched in the coming months, will further contribute to reaching our global goals. Together, they should support a revitalized and strengthened global partnership for sustainable development. The Action Agenda also strengthens data, monitoring and follow-up for the financing for development process. It establishes an annual Financing for Development Forum as part of the Economic and Social Council, with intergovernmentally agreed conclusions and recommendations that will feed into the high-level political forum.

7月13日，我与各国元首及其他高级政府官员、国际组织负责人、商界领袖、非政府组织和杰出学者出席了第三次发展筹资问题国际会议，会员国在会上通过了《亚的斯亚贝巴行动议程》，作为会议的成果文件。该行动议程为支持执行包括可持续发展目标在内的2015年后发展议程奠定了强有力基础。它为可持续发展筹资提供了一个新的全球框架。它所包含的一项政策纲领促进投资转向全球需求领域，并使资金流和政策与经济、社会和环境优先事项相互衔接。它载有会员国商定的一整套政策行动，以及与公共和私人的国内和国际金融渠道、贸易、债务、系统性问题、科学、技术、创新和能力建设领域有关的100多项具体措施。该行动议程也是私营部门、民间社会和慈善组织的行动指南。在会议场外活动上宣布的可交付成果以及将在今后几个月推出的其他举措将进一步推动实现我们的全球目标。这些可交付成果和举措结合在一起，可支持一个重振和强化的可持续发展全球伙伴关系。《行动议程》还为促进发展筹资进程加强数据、监测和后续行动。它建立了作为经济及社会理事会一部分的年度发展筹资论坛，其中的政府间商定结论和建议将提交高级别政治论坛供参考。

19. During the dialogue in the Economic and Social Council on the longer-term positioning of the United Nations development system, Governments sought to ensure a coherent approach in responding to the new and emerging challenges that the United Nations system will face while implementing the post-2015 development agenda. The dialogue analysed the interlinkages between functions, funding, governance, organizational arrangements, capacity, impact and partnership approaches and explored ideas for further analysis and action to make the United Nations development system fit to deliver the new agenda.

在经济及社会理事会关于联合国发展系统长期定位的对话期间，各国政府努力确保以协调一致的方式应对联合国系统在执行2015年后发展议程时将面临的新的和正在出现的挑战。对话分析了职能、供资、治理、组织安排、能力、影响和伙伴合作办法之间的相互联系，并探讨了可进一步分析和采取行动的各种想法，以使联合国发展系统有能力实施新议程。公众号高斋翻硕 公众号高斋CATTI

20. In addition to new sustainable development goals, Member States have a historic opportunity to finalize a meaningful, universal climate agreement in Paris in December 2015. In so doing, we will build a safer, healthier, more equitable world for present and future generations. To that end, the Climate Summit I hosted on 23 September 2014 created strong political momentum and advanced solutions to reduce emissions and strengthen resilience. At the Summit, more than 100 Heads of State or Government and 800 leaders from finance, business and civil society announced significant new actions on forests, energy, transport, cities and other key issues. Public and private sector leaders pledged to mobilize over $200 billion in climate finance by the end of 2015 to finance low-carbon, climate-resilient growth.

除了新的可持续发展目标，会员国还面临一个历史性机会，有望于2015年12月在巴黎达成一项有意义的全球气候协议。通过此举，我们将为今世后代建设一个更加安全、健康、公平的世界。为此，我于2014年9月23日主持召开的气候变化问题首脑会议营造了强劲的政治势头并提出了降低排放和增强复原力的先进解决方案。在首脑会议期间，100多名国家元首或政府首脑以及800名金融、商界和民间社会领导人宣布了关于森林、能源、运输、城市和其他关键问题的新的重要行动，公共和私营部门领导人承诺在2015年年底前调集2000多亿美元的气候资金，用于资助低碳和抵御气候变化的增长。

21. The Lima Work Programme on Gender was also adopted, with the aims, inter alia, of increasing awareness and capacity to address the gender dimensions of climate change, improving women’s participation and ensuring that climate policies and measures are gender responsive.

《利马性别平等工作方案》也获通过，其目标之一是提高处理气候变化性别层面问题的认识和能力，改进妇女参与情况，并确保气候政策和措施能促进性别平等。

22. Progress is still needed on several fronts, however. Climate finance is critical for catalysing action and building political trust. Developed countries must define a politically credible trajectory for achieving the goal of $100 billion per year by 2020 announced in 2009 in Copenhagen. Adaptation and resilience efforts must be strengthened and supported, especially in the small island developing States and the least developed countries. All countries should submit ambitious national contributions that detail how they will address climate change in the post-2020 period.

然而，仍需在若干方面取得进展。气候融资对促进行动和建立政治信任至关重要。发达国家必须界定一个政治上可信的轨道，以实现2009年在哥本哈根宣布的到2020年每年筹款1000亿美元的目标。必须加强和支持适应与复原工作，特别是在小岛屿发展中国家和最不发达国家。所有国家都应提交雄心勃勃的国家文件，详述在2020年以后期间将如何应对气候变化。公众号高斋翻硕 公众号高斋CATTI

23. Action must accelerate at every level, from the local to the global. We have no time to waste, and much to gain by moving quickly down a lower-carbon pathway. All countries must be part of the solution if we are to stay within the global temperature rise threshold of 2°C. Working together, we can turn the climate challenge into a powerful opportunity to reduce poverty and inequality, strengthen sustainable growth, improve public health and promote sustainable development.

必须加快从地方到全球的各级行动。我们没有时间可以荒废，迅速走上低碳道路将获益甚多。如果要维持不超过2摄氏度的全球升温门槛，所有国家都必须成为解决方案的一分子。齐心协力，我们便能够将气候挑战转变成为减少贫穷和不平等现象、加强可持续增长、改善公共卫生和促进可持续发展的一个重要机遇。

B. Maintenance of international peace and security

维护国际和平与安全

24. In the past year we faced increasingly complex, interconnected threats to international peace and security. Some were new. Others were long-standing threats that had intensified or taken on more virulent forms. Extremist groups captured large swathes of territory in the Middle East and West Africa and significant sources of revenue while terrorizing and abusing millions of people. Conflicts became increasingly transnational. Tensions between Member States rose in some regions. The Security Council’s agenda was dominated by concerns about terrorism and violent extremism. The 37 United Nations peace operations deployed around the world had to adapt to increasingly non-permissive environments, while the outbreak of Ebola virus disease raised serious concern about the potential security risks posed by health emergencies.

在过去一年中，国际和平与安全面临着日益复杂、相互关联的威胁。有些威胁是新出现的。另一些则是已经加剧或表现形式更为恶劣的长期威胁。极端主义团体在中东和西部非洲攫取大片领土和重要收入来源，恐吓和虐待数百万民众。冲突日益具有跨国性。在一些地区，会员国之间紧张关系加剧。对恐怖主义和暴力极端主义的关切成为安全理事会议程的主要内容。部署在世界各地的37个联合国维持和平行动不得不适应日益不利的环境，而埃博拉病毒病的爆发令人严重关切突发卫生事件构成的潜在安全风险。

1. Conflict prevention and mediation

1. 冲突预防和调解

25. Preventive efforts are also at the heart of my Human Rights up Front initiative, which aligns the actions of the United Nations system to ensure that we meet our most fundamental collective responsibilities to prevent serious human rights violations. Over the past year, efforts were made to improve the United Nations early warning and early action capabilities at both Headquarters and in the field as part of this initiative. Additional support was provided to several United Nations field presences to strengthen the Organization’s preparedness to meet its mandated obligations.

预防工作也是我的“人权先行”倡议的核心，该倡议协调联合国系统的行动，以确保我们能够履行最基本的集体责任，防止严重侵犯人权行为。作为倡议的一部分，过去一年来总部和外地都作出了努力，改进联合国的预警和早期行动能力。为几个联合国外地派驻机构提供了额外支持，使本组织以更好的准备状态履行法定义务。

2. Democratic transitions and elections

民主过渡和民主选举

26. Inclusivity was also a key goal in our efforts to support democracy around the world, where we advised many Governments on ways to increase political participation, for instance by removing barriers to the participation of women as voters, candidates and election officials. In cases where the United Nations actively supported government and State formation processes, as in Iraq and Somalia, we advocated particularly strongly the inclusion of women, youth and minority groups, as well as for the formation of an inclusive government which would represent the interests of all components in society.

包容性也是我们努力支持世界各地民主的一个关键目标，我们向许多国家政府建议扩大政治参与的方法，例如消除有碍妇女作为选民、候选人和选举官员参与的障碍。在联合国积极支持政府和国家组建进程的案例中，例如在伊拉克和索马里，我们特别强烈地倡导妇女、青年和少数群体的参与，倡导组建一个能代表社会所有组成部分的利益的包容型政府。

C. Development of Africa

非洲的发展

27. Africa’s development gains continued in the reporting period. The economic growth rate is projected to rise to 4.6 per cent in 2015, up from 3.5 per cent in 2014. With support from the United Nations, progress was made in priority sectors of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development, including infrastructure, agriculture and food security, health, education, science and technology, transport, gender equality and governance. Within the framework of the United Nations monitoring mechanism, the Organization worked to strengthen international support to Africa’s development through a review of implementation of commitments. The first biennial report of the United Nations monitoring mechanism was submitted to the General Assembly at its sixty-ninth session. Through the Regional Coordination Mechanism for Africa and the interdepartmental task force on African affairs, the Organization worked to ensure coherent and better coordinated United Nations system-wide support to Africa.

在本报告所述期间，非洲的发展继续取得成果。2015年经济增长率预计为4.6%，2014年的增长率为3.5%。在联合国支持下，非洲发展新伙伴关系的重点领域取得了进展，包括基础设施、农业和粮食安全、卫生、教育、科学和技术、交通、性别平等和治理等领域。在联合国监测机制框架内，通过审查各项承诺的落实情况，本组织努力加强国际社会对非洲发展的支持。联合国监测机制的首份两年期报告已提交大会第六十九届会议。本组织通过非洲区域协调机制和非洲事务部门间工作队，努力确保联合国全系统向非洲提供一致和更加协调的支助。公众号高斋翻硕 公众号高斋CATTI

28. Despite the persistence of security threats and the impact of climate change in some parts of the continent, some progress was made in addressing election-related threats and in strengthening the nexus between peace, security and development. Given the importance of women’s and girls’ empowerment and leadership in peace, security and development, the United Nations also worked to enhance global visibility and awareness of the African Union’s agendas in this regard, including through a possible continental results framework on women and peace and security in Africa, and 2015 was proclaimed by the African Union as the Year of Women’s Empowerment and Development towards Africa’s Agenda 2063.

尽管非洲大陆一些地区一直面临安全威胁和受到气候变化的影响，但它们在解决与选举有关的威胁以及加强和平、安全与发展之间的联系方面取得了一些进展。鉴于增强妇女和女童权能和让她们在和平、安全与发展进程中发挥领导作用至关重要，联合国还努力在全球宣传非洲联盟在这方面的议程和加强人们对它的了解，包括可能为此推出一个非洲大陆妇女、和平与安全成果框架，非洲联盟已宣布2015年为增强妇女权能和促进发展以推进非洲2063年议程年。

D. Promotion and protection of human rights

促进和保护人权

29. More priority to timely, effective prevention is one of the purposes of the Human Rights up Front initiative. This was an important component of United Nations efforts to prevent and respond to serious human rights violations throughout the year, and led to much more consistent integration of a human rights perspective in the peace and security, humanitarian and other work of the Organization both at Headquarters and at country levels. The initiative helped to ensure that the risk of serious human rights violations — including violations of economic, social and cultural rights — were recognized early and that the whole United Nations system understood them as possible threats to development or to peace and security, and as a shared responsibility.

“人权先行”倡议的一个目的是更加优先注重及时有效的预防。这是今年联合国防止和处理严重侵犯人权行为的一个重要组成部分，促使联合国在总部和国家一级开展的和平与安全、人道主义和其他方面的工作更加持续考虑到人权问题。该倡议有助于尽早意识到可能发生的严重侵犯人权(包括侵犯经济、社会和文化权利)行为，让整个联合国系统认识到侵犯人权行为可能会威胁发展或和平与安全，以及各机构都责任进行处理。

E. Effective coordination of humanitarian assistance efforts

有效协调人道主义援助工作   

30. This reporting period saw several deplorable humanitarian benchmarks. More than 76 million people from 31 countries needed assistance. The number of people displaced by conflict exceeded 51 million — the highest number since the Second World War. There were more than 400 natural disasters in 2014, which led to the loss of over 17,000 lives and which cost over $82 billion in damages. They unfolded in tandem with many other ongoing crises that caused tremendous suffering. While funding grew, so too did the funding shortfall, from 37 per cent ($3.3 billion) in 2011 to 40 per cent ($7.4 billion) in 2014. Nearly $11 billion was received for interagency appeals, an unprecedented $479 million for the global Central Emergency Response Fund and $600 million for 22 country-based pooled funds. Growing humanitarian needs continue to outpace the resources available to meet them.

在本报告所述期间，一些人道主义基准的情况很差。在31个国家中，有7600多万人需要援助。冲突造成的流离失所人数超过5 100万，是第二次世界大战以来最高的。2014年发生了400多起自然灾害，致使17000多人丧生，造成的损失超过820亿美元。这些情况是与其他许多持续危机同时发生的，造成了深重的苦难。供资有所增加，但短缺的资金也在增加，2011年短缺37%(33亿美元)，2014年则短缺40%(74亿美元)。机构间呼吁收到近110亿美元，中央应急基金收到4.79亿美元，数额空前，22个国家集资基金共收到6亿美元。现有的用于满足人道主义需求的资金仍然赶不上人道主义需求的增加。 

31. Despite the scale of the challenges, many Governments have greater capacity to handle crises, and therefore are requesting assistance less frequently, preferring that the international humanitarian system work in a more tailored manner to fill specific gaps, provide specific services, or further develop national expertise. There are many more actors, including national and local civil society groups and private sector companies. While this can pose a challenge to coherence, it can also be an opportunity to increase effectiveness if everyone works together towards the shared goal of meeting the needs of the affected population.

尽管挑战很多，但许多国家政府处理危机的能力有所增强，因而减少了援助请求，而是希望国际人道主义体系更有针对性地填补具体缺口，提供具体服务，或进一步培养本国专业人员。有更多的行为体参加，包括国家和地方民间社会团体和私营公司。这种情况下，虽然这产生了协调的问题，但也是一个提高效力的机会，只要大家为实现满足受影响民众需要这一共同目标做出努力。

32. To address the growing gap between needs and resources, the donor base must expand. Increased funding alone is not the answer, however, and I have appointed a High-level Panel on Humanitarian Financing to consider necessary changes. We need to operate differently, including working towards reducing and not just meeting humanitarian needs. The average length of a humanitarian appeal is now 7 years, and the average time that people are displaced is 17 years. Planning and raising money on a yearly basis for protracted crises, such as long-term displacement crises, is not the most effective or efficient approach. A longer-term, outcome-driven approach that brings humanitarian and development planning closer together is needed. However, without substantially higher political commitment to address the underlying causes, it will not be possible to cover constantly increasing needs. The post-2015 development agenda, the new disaster risk reduction framework, and the ongoing discussions around climate change and the new urban agenda are unique opportunities to better address these global challenges common to the development and humanitarian sectors. The World Humanitarian Summit to be held in May 2016, in Istanbul, Turkey, will set an ambitious and bold forward agenda for humanitarian work and will address some of these fundamental challenges.

为填补资源与需求之间不断扩大的缺口，必须有更多的捐助方。不过，仅仅增加供资并不能解决问题。我已任命组成一个人道主义筹资问题高级别小组，审议需进行哪些必要的变革。我们需要改变运作方式，包括努力减少人道主义需求，而不仅仅是努力满足需求。人道主义呼吁涵盖的时段目前平均为7年，而民众流离失所的时间平均为17年。对长期流离失所等旷日持久的危机而言，每年规划和筹集资金并不是最有成效和最有效率的方式。需要采用注重成果的长期办法，将人道主义规划与发展规划更紧密地结合起来。然而，如果没有更高层面的政治承诺来消除问题的根源，就无法满足不断增加的需求。2015年后发展议程、新的减少灾害风险框架、目前围绕气候变化开展的讨论和新的城市议程，都为更好地处理发展和人道主义领域共有的这些全球挑战提供了独特的良机。世界人道主义首脑会议将于2016年5月在土耳其伊斯坦布尔举行，它将为今后的人道主义工作提出一个宏伟议程，并讨论其中一些重大难题。

F. Promotion of justice and international law

促进司法和国际法

33. War crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and other gross violations of human rights undermine the very foundations of the rule of law at both the international and national levels. While the International Criminal Court was established to investigate and prosecute those crimes, the primary responsibility rests with the Member States. For that reason, we continue to accord high priority to activities in support of strengthening national capacity to combat impunity for those crimes, in line with international law.

战争罪、危害人类罪、灭绝种族罪及其他严重侵犯人权的罪行在国际和国家层面破坏法治的根基。尽管成立了国际刑事法院来调查和起诉这些罪行，但会员国负有首要职责。有鉴于此，我们继续高度重视开展活动，帮助各国加强根据国际法消除这些罪行未受惩处现象的能力。公众号高斋翻硕 公众号高斋CATTI

34. The Organization has continued to support the efforts of Member States to strengthen the legal regime for oceans, as reflected in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and its implementing agreements. The implementation of those instruments contributes to sustained and inclusive economic growth, social development and environmental protection. Oceans have featured prominently in the work of the Open Working Group on Sustainable Development Goals. The Organization has also continued to strengthen inter-agency coordination and the coherence of United Nations system activities related to ocean and coastal areas, in particular through UN-Oceans.

本组织继续支持会员国努力加强《联合国海洋法公约》及其执行协定中体现的海洋法制度。这些文书的执行有助于实现持久和包容的经济增长、社会发展和环境保护。海洋是可持续发展目标开放工作组重点讨论的一个问题。本组织还继续加强联合国系统有关海洋和沿海地带活动的机构间协调和统一，特别是通过联合国海洋网络这样做。

G. Disarmament

裁军

35. Humanitarian approaches to disarmament saw momentum in the reporting period. I am particularly encouraged by the growing interest in addressing the humanitarian, legal, military and ethical dimensions of autonomous weapon systems and other emerging technologies under the auspices of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. I commissioned a study on armed unmanned aerial vehicles, which included a focus on humanitarian and human rights issues related to their use. The Vienna Conference on the Humanitarian Impact of Nuclear Weapons, held in December 2014, contributed to growing awareness of the risks posed by nuclear weapons. Such conferences deepen our knowledge of the risks of use and the fundamental challenges to our emergency response capability. The more we understand about the humanitarian impacts, the more it becomes clear that we must pursue disarmament as an urgent imperative.

在本报告所述期间，从人道主义角度审议裁军问题的做法获得了更多的支持。我尤其感到鼓舞的是，各国对在《特定常规武器公约》框架下处理自主武器系统及其他新技术所涉及的人道主义、法律、军事和道德问题日益感兴趣。我已委托开展一项无人驾驶武装飞行器研究，其中的一个研究重点是使用这种飞行器带来的人道主义和人权问题。2014年12月在维也纳举行的关于核武器的人道主义影响的会议帮助人们进一步意识到核武器的风险。这些会议使我们进一步认识到使用这些武器的风险和它们给我们的应急能力带来的重大挑战。我们越了解有关人道主义后果，我们就越明确地认识到，必须将裁军作为一个紧要事务来处理。

36. I deeply regret the inability of the 2015 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to reach consensus on a substantive outcome. While increasing international tension demonstrates the need for tangible progress in nuclear disarmament, a wide gap persists on how to move this agenda forward. States must not let this setback stop the momentum they have built in recent years for new initiatives in the pursuit of nuclear disarmament and continuing efforts to strengthen nuclear non-proliferation.

我深感遗憾的是，不扩散核武器条约缔约国2015年审议大会未能就实质性成果达成共识。国际紧张局势的不断加剧表明，必须在核裁军问题上切实取得进展，但在如何推进这一议程的问题上始终存在严重的分歧。各国近年来为实现核裁军采取了一系列新举措，不断努力加强核不扩散机制。决不能让上述挫折阻挡这一势头。

37. More sobering was the continuing inability — after 19 years — of the Conference >’s single negotiating forum for multilateral disarmament.

一个不那么好的情况是，裁军谈判会议在经过19年后依然无法弥合分歧，商定工作方案，以便恢复实质性谈判。我再次呼吁裁军谈判会议作为世界上唯一的多边裁军谈判论坛，响应挑战，不辱使命。

38. Finally, the United Nations responded to an increasing number of requests from Member States to support strengthening of national capacities to fulfil their obligations under multilateral disarmament treaties and other instruments.

最后，会员国提出了越来越多的请求，要求联合国协助加强它们履行多边裁军条约及其他文书为其规定的义务的能力，联合国对这些请求做出了回应。

H. Drug control, crime prevention and combating international terrorism in all its forms and manifestations

缉毒、预防犯罪和打击一切形式和表现的国际恐怖主义

39. International terrorism rose to the top of the international agenda in the past year, consuming a greater portion of Security Council attention and world headlines and, most tragically, affecting a larger number of lives than in the past. I found myself having to repeatedly condemn brutal acts perpetrated against innocent civilians by a new generation of transnational terrorist groups. Too often, though, I also found it necessary to recall that failure to address conditions conducive to terrorism produces environments in which extremist groups prove alluring, while responses that are not human rights compliant undermine the very values we hold most dear and can inadvertently fuel radicalization. I continued to advocate counter-terrorism activities that respect all their obligations under international law.

国际恐怖主义问题在过去这一年中上升为国际议程中的首要事项，与以往相比，更多地引起安全理事会的注意，更多地成为世界媒体的头条新闻，而且最为不幸的是，影响到更多的人。我不得不一再谴责新的一代跨国恐怖主义团体对无辜平民实施的野蛮行为。但是，我也常常发现有必要指出，不去除滋生恐怖主义的条件，就会产生让极端主义团体有吸引力的环境，如果采取的对策不尊重人权，我们最为珍视的价值就会受到损害，并可能在无意中助长激进主义。我继续提倡在遵守国际法规定的所有义务的情况下开展反恐活动。公众号高斋翻硕 公众号高斋CATTI

40. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), each year, some 200,000 people die from the use of drugs and approximately 27 million people in the world suffer from drug use disorders. According to the estimates of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, WHO, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS and the World Bank, 1.7 million and 6.6 million people who inject drugs are infected with HIV and hepatitis C, respectively. Many more die as a result of the violence that permeates the illicit drug trade. The Organization, including through the United Nations system task force on transnational organized crime and drug trafficking, has continued to support Member States in the lead-up to the special session of the General Assembly on the world drug problem to be held in 2016, including in ensuring that it would consider the issue from a perspective that is grounded in a concern for health and well-being while continuing to provide an effective multilateral space to address the root causes of drug production, trafficking and related transnational organized crime. The session will provide a valuable opportunity for a comprehensive and inclusive exchange of ideas and lessons on what has and has not worked in addressing the world drug problem. The United Nations advocates a rebalancing of the international policy on drugs, to increase the focus on public health, human rights, prevention, treatment and care, and economic, social and cultural measures.

根据世界卫生组织(世卫组织)的资料，世界上每年约有20万人死于吸毒，约2 700万人滥用药物。据联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室、世卫组织、联合国艾滋病毒/艾滋病联合规划署和世界银行估计，分别有170万和660万注射毒品者感染了艾滋病毒和丙型肝炎。更多人死于非法毒品交易过程中无处不在的暴力。本组织，包括联合国系统跨国有组织犯罪和贩毒问题工作队，继续支持会员国进行2016年关于世界毒品问题的大会特别会议的会前工作，包括确保会议从关注健康和福祉的角度审议该问题，同时继续切实提供多边协商的空间，以便消除毒品生产、贩运和相关的跨国有组织犯罪的根源。会议将为各方一起全面交流处理世界毒品问题的成败经验和看法提供宝贵机会。联合国主张重新权衡国际毒品问题政策，更加注重公共卫生、人权、预防、治疗和护理以及经济、社会和文化措施。

41. The Organization continued efforts to mainstream issues related to drug abuse prevention, drug dependence treatment, HIV prevention, treatment and care and, in close coordination with WHO, piloted programmes to ensure the availability of pain medication in countries with low levels of access.

本组织继续努力促使人们注意预防吸毒、戒毒治疗、预防艾滋病毒、治疗和护理问题，并与世卫组织密切合作，执行试点方案，在能获得止痛药的人不多的国家中提供止痛药。

Chapter III

Strengthening the Organization

加强联合国

42. The General Assembly made important strides in the past year to enhance the Organization’s decision-making capabilities and to make it more reflective of the twenty-first century. Intergovernmental negotiations continued on Security Council reform and the Assembly placed a new emphasis on coordination among the principal organs on topical issues. Enhanced interaction between the Assembly and civil society was also prioritized. There was a 21 per cent rise in the frequency of Security Council meetings and a 36 per cent increase in the number of General Assembly meetings, and the Secretariat provided quantitatively more but qualitatively consistent conference service support. Delivery of conference services was modernized in a variety of ways, including with a global United Nations platform for computer-assisted and machine translation.

大会在过去一年取得了重大进展，加强了本组织的决策能力，使本组织更能跟上21世纪。关于安全理事会改革的政府间谈判仍在进行，大会再次强调了各主要机关在专题问题上进行协调的问题。大会与民间社会加强互动也列为优先事项。安全理事会会议增加了21%，大会会议增加了36%，秘书处在保持服务质量的情况下提供了更多的会议服务。会议服务的提供在很多方面更为现代化，包括在一个全球性联合国平台上使用计算机辅助翻译和机器翻译。

43. The Secretariat made notable progress throughout the year on a number of key transformational initiatives designed to make the Organization truly global and to maximize our capacity to deliver on mandates effectively and efficiently. For example, Umoja, the enterprise resource planning system, reached another critical milestone in June with its deployment to the Nairobi-based entities (United Nations Office at Nairobi, United Nations Environment Programme, UN-Habitat) as well as to the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs and the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. It will be deployed to all other duty stations in November, thereby enabling an integrated and streamlined management of financial, human and physical resources for the global Secretariat. This standardized solution will in turn support a global service delivery model that will provide high-quality, timely and standardized administrative services across the global Secretariat, including services to peacekeeping and special political missions. I will present a framework proposal on the global service delivery model to the General Assembly at its seventieth session.

在去年的全年中，秘书处在一些重大改革举措上取得了显著进展，这些举措旨在使本组织真正成为一个全球组织，最大限度地提高我们有效和高效执行任务的能力。例如，企业资源规划系统“团结”项目6月份进入了另一个标志性阶段，在设在内罗毕的各实体(联合国内罗毕办事处、联合国环境规划署、人居署)以及人道主义事务协调厅和亚洲及太平洋经济社会委员会启用。11月，该系统将在所有其他工作地点启用，使全球秘书处能够对财政、人力和物力资源进行统一简化管理。这一标准化解决办法还能帮助建立一个提供全球服务的模式，由全球秘书处各部门及时提供高质量的标准化行政服务，包括为维持和平特派团和特别政治任务提供服务。我将向大会第七十届会议提交关于提供全球服务模式的框架提案。

44. In addition, the mobility and career development framework will soon become a reality with the launch on 1 January 2016 of the first job network (POLNET), which includes departments and offices working on political, peacekeeping and humanitarian affairs. This new approach to staffing will permit the movement of staff to meet the strategic needs of the Organization arising from mandate requirements and organizational priorities.

此外，2016年1月1日将启用第一个职类网，它涵盖处理政治、维持和平和人道主义事务的部门和办公室，流动和职业发展框架将会由此建立起来。这一人员配置的新做法将使工作人员的流动能满足本组织因任务规定和体制优先事项而产生的战略需要。

45. In view of the endorsement by the General Assembly of an information and communications technology strategy, I will continue to address the highly fragmented technology landscape, including by transitioning technology services and programme delivery to a model with both enterprise-wide and regional components that comply with standards, best practice and governance requirements. I continue to accord the highest priority to information security and operational resilience.

我将根据大会已核准信息和通信技术战略的情况，继续处理技术领域高度分散的问题，包括使技术服务的提供和方案交付采用一个既有全系统构件又有区域构件的模式，符合有关标准、最佳做法和治理要求。我继续将信息安全和业务复原能力列为最高优先事项。

46. Given the level of inherent risk the Organization faces as well as the additional risk generated by the magnitude of organizational change under way, the Secretariat is in the process of implementing an enterprise-wide coherent and integrated risk management system to mitigate the risks to our work.

由于本组织面临许多固有风险和正在进行的重大组织变革另外产生风险，秘书处正在建立一个全组织的统一风险管理系统，以减少我们工作可能面临的风险。

47. The renovation and refurbishment of the Headquarters complex in New York has been successfully concluded with the dissolution of the Office of the Capital Master Plan in July 2015 and the transfer of responsibilities to the Office of Central Support Services in the Department of Management.

联合国纽约总部建筑群的翻新和翻修已圆满结束，基本建设总计划办公室已于2015年7月解散，其职责已移交管理事务部中央支助事务厅。

Partnerships

伙伴关系

48. Multi-stakeholder initiatives such as Sustainable Energy for All, Every Woman, Every Child, Global Education First Initiative, the Zero Hunger Challenge and Global Pulse demonstrate the great potential in partnership to harness the strengths of various actors towards achieving the goals of the United Nations. The Climate Summit in September 2014 mobilized leaders from the private sector, finance and civil society to commit to ambitious actions to reduce emissions and strengthen resilience. The Organization should continue to seize the great potential of partnership, while ensuring oversight and accountability.

“人人享有可持续能源”、“每个妇女，每个儿童”、“全球教育第一倡议”、“零饥饿挑战”和“全球脉动”等多利益攸关方倡议表明，伙伴关系有巨大的潜力，能把各种行为体的力量聚合起来，推动实现联合国的各项目标。2014年9月的气候变化问题首脑会议动员私营部门、金融界和民间社会领导人承诺采取有宏伟目标的行动，以减少排放和增强复原力。本组织应继续抓住伙伴关系的巨大潜力，同时实行监督和问责。

49. With respect to existing partnership we continue to focus on increasing the impact of our work with a broad range of partners, including Governments, civil society, the private sector, philanthropy, academia, and other multilateral organizations. Through the United Nations Global Compact, over 8,000 companies in more than 150 countries are already advancing responsible business practices. In addition, consultations were held across the United Nations system to revise the Guidelines on Cooperation between the United Nations and the Business Sector. The Department of Public Information raised global awareness of the work and goals of the Organization through partnerships with traditional and new media outlets across multiple languages, the creative community, and over 1,000 universities that have committed themselves to the United Nations Academic Impact.

关于现有的伙伴关系，我们继续侧重于扩大我们与各国政府、民间社会、私营部门、慈善界、学术界和其他多边组织等众多伙伴合作开展的工作的影响力。已有150多个国家的8 000多家公司通过“联合国全球契约”推进负责任的企业做法。此外，在整个联合国系统开展磋商，以修订《联合国与工商界合作准则》。新闻部与多种语言的传统媒体和新媒体、艺术创作界以及加入了“联合国学术影响”的1 000多所大学结成伙伴关系，推动全球进一步了解本组织的工作和目标。

Chapter IV

Conclusion

结论

50. In this seventieth anniversary year, I am convinced that the world needs the United Nations more than ever before. The Millennium Development Goals we adopted 15 years ago have helped to lift more than a billion people out of extreme poverty, and have saved millions of lives and improved conditions for millions more around the world. Governments have a window of opportunity to chart a sustainable future; they are poised to adopt a new universal development agenda for the next 15 years in September 2015, and to agree on an ambitious climate change agreement in December. The increasingly complex and interconnected threats to international peace and security challenge us to review and update our approach to conflict prevention, peacekeeping and peacebuilding. These are but a few of the challenges that lie ahead, which call for an unprecedented spirit of cooperation among Member States. Let us work together to achieve these common goals.

在此七十周年之际，我相信，世界比以往任何时候更加需要联合国。我们在15年前通过的千年发展目标帮助世界各地10亿多人摆脱极端贫穷，挽救了数百万人的生命，改善了数百万人的处境。各国政府有机会来创建一个可持续的未来；它们已准备在2015年9月通过今后15年的全球发展新议程，并在12月达成一个宏大的气候变化协定。国际和平与安全面临的日益复杂和日益相互关联的威胁迫使我们审查和更新预防冲突、维持和平和建设和平的方法。这只是未来要应对的几项挑战，要求会员国发扬前所未有的合作精神。让我们一起携手实现这些共同目标。

文章来源：UN
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