扭腰时报上有篇文章讲《鱿鱼游戏》,我挑选了几段适合学习的,今天在公众号“高斋外刊双语精读”上就给大家做个大概的精读。译文是官方译文,有明显不好的地方大概修订了下。
01
原文:“Squid Game” has also tapped a sense familiar to people in the United States, Western Europe and other places, that prosperity in nominally rich countries has become increasingly difficult to achieve, as wealth disparities widen and home prices rise past affordable levels.
修订后的管译:《鱿鱼游戏》触及到了美国、西欧等各地人们习以为常的认知,即随着贫富差距扩大,房价上涨到无法承受的水平,在名义上的富裕国家要实现富裕已经越来越难。
1. 句子结构分析:这句主干是“Squid Game” has also tapped a sense;familiar to people in the United States, Western Europe and other places是sense的后置定语,that prosperity in nominally rich countries...是that引导的同位语从句,具体说明a sense的内容,as wealth disparities widen and home prices rise past affordable levels是伴随状语。
2. tap:本意是挖掘,这里结合语境引申为触及。Sense在今天这里是认知的意思。
3. 英语写作句型:a sense of是“一种……的感觉”的意思,写作中可以使用,如金融时报上这句:And for those away from the office, they may lose a sense of belonging to a team, or pick up resentment from colleagues because they are not physically present to manage unforeseen urgent issues. 对于那些不在办公室的人,他们可能会失去一种团队归属感,或者引起同事们的妒恨,因为他们不在场,不需要处理一些不可预见的紧急问题。
还比如年轻人,你愿意背负沉重的房贷吗?| 外刊精读和英语写作提到买房利弊时可以这么说:Home ownership provides people with a sense of physical and emotional security and safety. It is a personal space in which they can be themselves.
4. 长难句等语法分析:今天这里使用了同位语从句,这种比较常见,如经济学人中这句:With the three-child policy, the government is sending a signal that it is “moving very decisively to a pro-fertility policy”, says James Liang of Peking University. 北京大学梁建章教授表示,随着三孩政策的出台,政府正在释放一个信号:它正在坚定不移地实施鼓励生育的政策。
这句中,that后的句子是signal的同位语,对其进行解释说明。
5. 固定表达:sth be familiar to (sb)表示“某物为某人所熟悉”,常见的sb be familiar with sth,表示“某人熟悉或通晓某事”,如:Our aim is to allow student teachers to become familiar with the classroom。我们的目标就是让实习教师熟悉课堂。
6. nominally ['nɔminəli]:名义上地,如Nominally he is the boss。名义上他是老板。其形容词形式是nominal,表示“名义上的”,如the nominal leader of the party 这个政党的名义领袖。
7. widen:是wide的动词形式。形容词加后缀-en,可以变成动词,如deep→deepen(加深,变深,加剧),short→shorten(缩短)以及下文出现的worse→worsen(恶化)。
widen变宽;(使)(差距)拉大。比如考研英语真题中这句:As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had. 因此,我现在相信未来几年,数字鸿沟将会缩小而不是扩大。这是一个非常好的消息,因为互联网很可能是我们有史以来对抗世界贫困的最有力工具。
“差距”是CATTI和MTI翻译考试的高频考点。我们经常还看到“差距正日益增大”的翻译,即a gap is opening between,a gap is opening up between, a gap is widening/yawning/growing between,如下图经济学人这句:
反义词narrow也可以作及物动词和不及物动词,如close/narrow the finance gap 弥合金融缺口。比如年轻人!社交圈为什么越来越小?| 经济学人精读一文中:Social circles generally narrow again as people find life-partners, form households and produce offspring of their own. 当人们找到人生伴侣、组建家庭、生儿育女时,社交圈子通常会再次缩小。
8. 英语写作句型:affordable是价格合理的、负担得起的的意思。年轻人无力在大城市买房,选择离开大城市,到房价不那么高的地方买房,就可以说:People are increasing willing to move out of big cities in search of affordable homes.
02
原文:South Korea boomed in the postwar era, making it one of the richest countries in Asia and leading some economists to call its rise the “miracle on the Han River.” But wealth disparity has worsened as the economy has matured.
管译:韩国在战后繁荣发展,成为了亚洲最富裕的国家之一,一些经济学家将其崛起称为“汉江奇迹”。但随着经济的成熟,贫富差距也在加剧。
1. 句子结构分析:这句主干是South Korea boomed in the postwar era;making it one of the richest countries in Asia and leading some economists to call its rise the “miracle on the Han River.” 是两个并列的动名词结构作结果状语。
2. 长难句等语法分析:making it...是结果状语,比如金融时报中这句:He said the unit would reach close to 2m households this year, making it the world's largest internet TV broadcaster. 他表示,该业务的家庭用户今年将达到近200万,成为全球最大的网络电视广播商。
新能源!与化石燃料相比具有成本优势 | 外刊回译中也讲过这种句型,比如CATTI和MTI备考资料报告中这句:经济保持中高速增长,在世界主要国家中名列前茅。The economy has maintained a medium-high growth rate, making China a leader among the major economies.
3. boom:作动词表示“(贸易和经济活动的)激增,繁荣”,如By 1988 the economy was booming. 到1988年经济一直很繁荣。作名词表示“繁荣,激增”,如 a boom in the economy经济繁荣;a boom in car sales汽车销售额的剧增。
4. 固定表达:leading some economists to call its rise the “miracle on the Han River.”是lead sb to do sth的用法,表示“导致某人干某事”。
5. 固定表达:call sth sth/adj:意思是“把…描述为; 把…说成”,如词典例句The speech was interrupted by members of the Conservative Party, who called him a traitor. 演说被保守党人士打断,他们称他是叛徒。
6. 背景知识:Miracle on the Han River:狭义上汉江奇迹这一名词指的是1953年至1996年间首尔经济的迅速发展。
7. worsen:既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词,作及物动词表示“(使)变得更坏,变得更糟,恶化”,如:Staff shortages were worsened by the flu epidemic. 由于流感,职员短缺的情况更加严重了。作不及物动词表示“使恶化;使变得更坏”,如柯林斯词典中这句:The political situation is steadily worsening. 政治局势在持续恶化。
8. Mature:作形容词表示“成熟的,明白事理的”,作动词表示“(情感和认识)成熟”,还可以表示“充分发展”。文中the economy has matured是经济成熟或充分发展的意思。
03
原文:The country now ranks No. 11 using the Gini coefficient, one measure of income inequality, among the members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. (The United States is No. 6.)
修订后的管译:在经合组织成员国中,韩国的基尼系数如今排在第11位,该指标是衡量收入不平等的标准之一。(美国排名第六。)
1. 句子结构分析:这句主干是The country now ranks No. 11;using the Gini coefficient是状语,说明ranks No. 11的依据,one measure of income inequality是the Gini coefficient的同位语。
2. Rank:表排名的时候后面跟序数词,但是不加the,如rank second排名第二。
3. 背景知识:Gini coefficient美[ˌkoʊɪˈfɪʃnt]:基尼系数,是1943年美国经济学家阿尔伯特·赫希曼根据洛伦兹曲线所定义的判断收入分配公平程度的指标。
4. 熟词偏意:measure不是“措施”的意思,这里考察了它的熟词偏义,英文释义为 a way of judging or measuring sth表示“判断;衡量”,如Is this test a good measure of reading comprehension? 这种测试是判断阅读理解力的好方法吗?
作动词也可以表示这个意思,如外刊中这句:Measured by its Gini coefficient, Singapore is among the world’s most unequal countries. 按基尼系数衡量,新加坡属于世界上最不平等的国家之一。
04
原文:As South Korean families have tried to keep up, household debt has mounted, prompting some economists to warn that the debt could hold back the economy. Home prices have surged to the point where housing affordability has become a hot-button political topic. Prices in Seoul have soared by over 50 percent during the tenure of the country’s president, Moon Jae-in, and led to a political scandal.
修订后的管译:在韩国家庭努力维持生计的同时,家庭债务也在积累,这促使一些经济学家对债务可能拖累经济发展发出了警告。房价飙升已经让住房支付能力成为了一个热点政治话题。文在寅总统执政期间,首尔的房价上涨超过50%,引发了一场政治风波。
1. 句子结构分析:这句主干是household debt has mounted;As South Korean families have tried to keep up是伴随状语,prompting some economists to warn that the debt could hold back the economy是结果状语,其中that the debt could hold back the economy是warn后接的宾语从句。
下一句的主干是Home prices have surged to the point;where housing affordability has become a hot-button political topic是where引导的定语从句,修饰point。
2. 文中keep up是不落后的意思,此处根据语境灵活处理为“维持生计”。
3. Mount:名词是山,作及物动词表示“发动;爬上;安装”,如She slowly mounted the steps. 她慢慢地爬上台阶。作不及物动词表示“爬;增加;安装”,如His debts were mounting up. 他的债务在不断增加。
4. 固定搭配:prompt sb to do sth表示促使某人干某事,如之前学过的这句:The delayed payments have prompted many landlords to evict tenants even when they have paid their rent in full to the platforms. 延迟付款导致很多房东驱逐房客,即使租客已经向平台全额支付了租金。
prompt还可作形容词,表示“迅速的,立刻的”,如Prompt action was required as the fire spread. 由于火势蔓延,须要立即采取行动。
5. 英语写作句型:文中hold back the economy是阻挡经济发展、拖累经济发展的意思。看到这个,我想到了act as a drag on。我们知道现在人口老龄化速度在加快,这会严重拖累经济发展,英语写作中,我们就可以写:An aging population acts as a drag on global growth.
6. hot-button:表示“热点;敏感的”,也可以是hot button,近义词是,如金融时报例句Meanwhile, the rising cost of housing has become a hot-button political issue in many cities. 此外,住房成本的不断上升,已经成为许多城市的一个热点政治问题。
hot这个词根表示“热的,紧迫的”,如hot-blooded热血的;激动的;hot-tempered性急的;易怒的。
05
原文:“In South Korea, all parents want to send their kids to the best schools,” Ms. Shin said. “To do that you have to live in the best neighborhoods.” That would require saving enough money to buy a house, a goal so unrealistic “that I’ve never even bothered calculating how long it will take me,” Ms. Shin said.
管译:“在韩国,所有的家长都想把孩子送到最好的学校,”辛誉恩说。“要做到这一点,你必须住在最好的社区。”这意味着要攒够买房钱,这个目标太过不切实际,“我甚至都从来不去计算要攒多长时间,”她说。
1. 句子结构分析:To do that中的that指代的是send their kids to the best schools;That would require saving enough money to buy a house中的that指前面的you have to live in the best neighborhoods,其中a goal指saving enough money to buy a house,其中a goal(which is) so unrealistic “that I’ve never even bothered calculating how long it will take me中省略了which is。
2. 固定表达:require doing sth表示“需要作某事”,如These young seedlings will require looking after carefully. 这些幼苗需要细心照料。
3. 句子结构分析:a goal so unrealistic “that I’ve never even bothered calculating how long it will take me指saving enough money to buy a house, 这种增补名词指前面某一部分的很常见,如金融时报中这句:This is possible only by increasing the money supply, a practice that sooner or later must blow up.只有通过增加货币供应才有可能做到这一点,而这种做法迟早会撑不住。
4. 固定表达:so...that...表示“太……以至于……”,如房子是用来住的,不是用来炒的 | 经济学人精读中这句 Demand for new homes in good locations is so high, and supply so limited, that several cities use lotteries to allocate them, some with odds as low as one in 60. 位置优越的新房需求高涨,而供应十分有限,有些城市用摇号的方式来分配这些房子,有些摇号摇中几率低至六十分之一。
5. 固定表达:don’t bother to do sth表示不想麻烦干某事,bother (about )doing 表示“花费时间精力做某事”,如Don’t bother (about) getting dinner for me.请不必费事为我做饭了。
6. 固定句型:it takes sb some time表示“干某事需要花多少时间”。
06
原文:The characters have resonated with South Korean youth who don’t see a chance to advance in society. Known locally as the “dirt spoon” generation, many are obsessed with ways to get rich quickly, like with cryptocurrencies and the lottery. South Korea has one of the largest markets for virtual currency in the world.
管译:这些角色在看不到上升机会的韩国青年中引起了共鸣。在韩国被称为“土汤匙”一代的群体中,许多人痴迷于一夜暴富的方法,比如加密货币和彩票。韩国是全世界最大的虚拟货币市场之一。
1. 句子结构分析:这句主干是The characters have resonated with South Korean youth;who don’t see a chance to advance in society是定语从句修饰South Korean youth,其中to advance in society是a chance的后置定语。with cryptocurrencies and the lottery中有with,说明是obsessed with后面的成分。
2. 固定搭配:resonate with sb表示“引起谁的共鸣”,如 These issues resonated with the voters. 这些问题引起了投票者的共鸣。还比如最新经济学人是如何报道《你好,李焕英》的?中这句:At a time when many people have been separated from their families, the themes of grief and filial piety in “Hi, Mom” resonated. 春节期间许多人和家人未能团聚,《你好,李焕英》呈现出来的“悲伤”和“孝道”主题让人们产生了共鸣。
3. dirt spoon是golden spoon金汤匙的反义词,表示“土汤匙”。
4. 同义表达:advance相当于move upwards。
5. lottery:常见含义是彩票,文中含义为“抽签摇号”。如经济学人在讲到老年大学火爆的时候就用了这个:Several schools have adopted lottery systems, and others are first-come-first-served. 很多用的是抽签摇号,而另一些则是采取先到先得。
又如房子是用来住的,不是用来炒的 | 经济学人精读一文中这句:
Demand for new homes in good locations is so high, and supply so limited, that several cities use lotteries to allocate them, some with odds as low as one in 60. 位置优越的新房需求高涨,而供应十分有限,有些城市用摇号的方式来分配这些房子,有些摇号摇中几率低至六十分之一。
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