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今天公主号“高斋翻硕”给大家分享一段2013年北京外国语大学翻硕MTI汉译英的真题。时间有限,只分享一段话哈。欢迎交流讨论,但是一定要有理有据,不查就评论提问自动忽略,O(∩_∩)O哈哈~
学习指南:
大家先自己动手翻译,再看参考译文和讲解。不懂的地方重点标记,可以在评论区提问。重点记忆专业词汇和常见句型,记得多复习哈。不复习就等于白学了!
原文:
11月25日,几乎所有媒体都报道了国产歼-15舰载战斗机在中国海军“辽宁”号航母上成功完成起飞和着舰的动作。成功、意义和速度成了媒体报道的三个关键字。中国航母舰载机第一次在实舰上完成起降动作,无疑是值得庆祝的成功之举。
高斋雒老师Joy的参考译文:
On November 25, China’s J-15 fighter jet successfully performed its takeoff and landing on the aircraft carrier Liaoning for the first time, which dominated headlines. Success, significance and speed were the most commonly used words in media reports. Undoubtedly, this landmark is cause for celebration.
第一句
11月25日,几乎所有媒体都报道了国产歼-15舰载战斗机在中国海军“辽宁”号航母上成功完成起飞和着舰的动作。
On November 25, China’s J-15 fighter jet successfully performed its takeoff and landing on the aircraft carrier Liaoning for the first time, which dominated headlines.
1. 11月25日:具体日期使用介词on,11月25日可以翻译为On November 25.
2. “国产歼-15舰载战斗机” :这个是专业名词,记住就可以哈!是China's J-15 jet,China's J-15 fighter jet或China's carrier-borne J-15 fighter jet.
用fighter jet单数,因为这次是首架歼-15原型机在辽宁号航空母舰上进行着舰测试和起飞测试成功。
背景知识:歼-15,绰号“飞鲨”,它是我国自主研发的首款固定翼重型舰载战斗机。2012年11月23日,首架歼-15原型机在辽宁号航空母舰上进行着舰测试和起飞测试成功。
中国的第二艘航母山东舰是在第一艘航母辽宁舰的基础上设计建造。山东舰可搭载36架歼-15舰载机,而辽宁号只能搭载24架歼-15舰载机。
3. “成功完成起飞和着舰的动作”:这种也是专业表达,没什么可以发挥的余地,平时多看新闻报道,记住就可以了。
这个可以翻译为successfully performed its takeoff and landing on the aircraft carrier Liaoning for the first time.
动词performed也可以换为conducted或completed。注意its和the不能丢。
拓展参考学习:
这个具体的说法可以参考新闻报道的说法,下面是CNN和BBC的报道,可以参考学习。
CNN报道:
China's J-15 jet completed its first landing on the aircraft carrier Liaoning, Xinhua says.
China's "first generation multi-purpose carrier-borne fighter jet," known as the J-15, successfully completed its first landing on the Liaoning, an aircraft carrier China built using an abandoned Soviet hull, according to China's official news agency Xinhua.
BBC报道:
China has successfully landed a jet fighter on its new aircraft carrier for the first time, officials say. A Chinese-made J-15 fighter landed on the 300m (990ft) former Soviet carrier during recent exercises, China's defence ministry said on Sunday. The Liaoning, China's first aircraft carrier, entered into service in September.
4. 翻译思维:虽然“首次”在这句没有出现,而是出现在下一句,但根据背景我们知道这是首次,翻译的时候for the first time可以提到第一句,开头先把主要的背景交代清楚,不然后面突然出现“第一次”会有些突兀。
5. 判断主次:这句的汉语主语是“几乎所有媒体”,但是我们知道这句强调的并不是“媒体”,而是强调媒体报道的事件。
所以把“国产歼-15舰载战斗机……成功完成起飞和着舰的动作”作主干,“几乎所有媒体都报道了”翻译为定语从句。
可以说which dominated headlines,也可以说was widely reported by media.
这种句型外刊里面很常见,如金融时报例句:
But today the Chinese oil majors are sending their money in a different direction: Latin America, which has dominated headlines this year for upstream oil and gas deals.
但是今天,中国石油巨头将资金投到了另一个方向:拉丁美洲。今年,拉美的上游油气交易频频占据新闻头条。
第二句
成功、意义和速度成了媒体报道的三个关键字。
Success, significance and speed were the most commonly used words in media reports.
1. “意义”:meaning也可以,importance也可以,不过使用频率高的应该是significance,这个2019年CATTI和MTI翻译班里面讲过:
中美经贸关系既对两国意义重大,也对全球经济稳定和发展有着举足轻重的影响。
Trade and economic relations between China and the US are of great significance for the two countries as well as for the stability and development of the world economy.
2. “媒体报道” :这个表达可以说in media reports/in the coverage,例如金融时报例句:
Scientists later responded in media reports that the>在随后的媒体报道中,科学家们则回应:对儿童的唯一危险是他(她)是否吞食了大量的洗发水。
In this spirit of self-criticism, I identify four weaknesses in the coverage.
本着自我批评的精神,我找出了媒体报道中的四点不足。
今天这里几乎所有媒体,所有是in media reports,注意是复数reports哦!
3. “三个关键字”:这个太常见了,是不是翻译为keywords?
太直译了,还是换个表达吧。
意思就是新闻报道中用得最多的字,可以用the most commonly/frequently used words。如每日电讯报例句:
"Occupy", "Arab Spring" and "Steve Jobs" were the most commonly used words, phrases and names in English speaking media internet in the past year, a study has found.
第三句
中国航母舰载机第一次在实舰上完成起降动作,无疑是值得庆祝的成功之举。
Undoubtedly, this landmark is cause for celebration.
1. “中国航母舰载机第一次在实舰上完成起降动作”:你是不是翻译出来了?
英语最忌讳重复了,这段话才这么短,很明显不能翻译出来!
这个和第一句的内容是重复的,最多可以翻译为the takeoff and landing is worth celebrating.
其实还可以更简洁,直接把前面的总结为一次划时代的事件。
“划时代的事件”有个英文单词是landmark,在外刊中也经常用到,不要看到这个单词只知道是地标啊!
当然,考试中建议大家还是使用常见的表达,比如可以直接用event,这个大家很容易想到吧。
还可以用“feat壮举”替换,feat这个词在2019年全年班的课程“郑和下西洋”里面讲过:
15世纪初的明代,中国著名航海家郑和七次远洋航海,留下千古佳话。
In the early 15th century, Zheng He, a famous Chinese navigator in the Ming Dynasty, made seven voyages to the Western Seas, a feat which still is remembered today.
2. “无疑”:单独说“无疑”可以翻译为there is no doubt that 从句或者直接用副词undoubtedly,今天这里用副词undoubtedly更简洁。
3. “值得庆祝的成功之举”:首先,大家要知道,做翻译的时候一定要有增译和省译的思维,尤其是做汉译英的时候,经常会做减法。
所以,这里就不要再翻译为this event is a feat worth celebrating, 因为a feat有点多余。
这个完全可以借用我19年讲过的知识点,2019年6月CATTI三级笔译英译汉真题中有这个表达cause for celebration,当时我可是分享了这个表达很详细的用法哦:
And there are many other causes for celebration.
在健康方面,我们还取得了其他可喜的成就。
当时我讲过,cause for celebration是一个固定表达,外刊中也有用a cause for celebration,加了a就是强调a cause“这个事件”,不加a就当做固定表达。
今天这里我选用固定表达,翻译为Undoubtedly, this landmark is cause for celebration.
当然,也可以是Undoubtedly, this event is worth celebrating,这个是大家最容易想到的。