四月热词回顾(4.16—4.30)
政治必背的改革开放换成英语你知道怎么翻译吗?什么是绕岛巡航?听到待产包你是不是也和翻译菌一样觉得是个包包的形状?空中医疗急救手册你读过了吗?一起来看看四月热词……
每周热词榜,一次过把本周热词背完,轻松掌握每周最新最热新闻词汇!
1
National Security 国家安全
President Xi Jinping on Tuesday called for efforts to fully implement a holistic approach to national security and break new ground in national security in the new era. Xi, also general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, made the remarks at the first meeting of the 19th CPC Central Committee National Security Commission, which he heads.
中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席、中央国家安全委员会主席习近平17日在十九届中央国家安全委员会第一次会议上强调,全面贯彻落实总体国家安全观,开创新时代国家安全工作新局面。
习近平强调,要加强党对国家安全工作的集中统一领导(strengthen the centralized, unified leadership of the Party over national security),正确把握当前国家安全形势,全面贯彻落实总体国家安全观,努力开创新时代国家安全工作新局面,为实现"两个一百年"奋斗目标、实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦提供牢靠安全保障(provide a firm safety guarantee for realizing the two centenary goals and the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation)。
习近平强调,
全面贯彻落实总体国家安全观,必须坚持统筹发展和安全两件大事(to fully implement the holistic approach to national security, both development and security should be ensured),既要善于运用发展成果夯实国家安全的实力基础,又要善于塑造有利于经济社会发展的安全环境;
坚持人民安全、政治安全、国家利益至上的有机统一(the integration of protecting the people's safety, maintaining political safety and safeguarding national interests),人民安全是国家安全的宗旨,政治安全是国家安全的根本,国家利益至上是国家安全的准则,实现人民安居乐业(the people live and work in peace and contentment)、党的长期执政(long-term rule of the Party)、国家长治久安(enduring peace and stability of the country);
坚持立足于防,又有效处置风险(effectively deal with risks while prioritizing risk prevention);
坚持维护和塑造国家安全,塑造是更高层次更具前瞻性的维护,要发挥负责任大国作用,同世界各国一道,推动构建人类命运共同体(China will continue to play its role as a responsible major country and push to build a community of shared future for the mankind);
坚持科学统筹,始终把国家安全置于中国特色社会主义事业全局中来把握,充分调动各方面积极性,形成维护国家安全合力(call for joint efforts from all walks of life to safeguard national security)。
习近平指出,国家安全工作要适应新时代新要求(the work regarding national security should meet the new requirements in the new era),一手抓当前、一手谋长远,切实做好维护政治安全(safeguard political security)、健全国家安全制度体系(establish sound national security systems and institutions)、完善国家安全战略和政策(improve strategies and policies)、强化国家安全能力建设(enhance capacity-building)、防控重大风险(prevent and control risks)、加强法治保障(promote rule of law)、增强国家安全意识(raise the national security awareness)等方面工作。
2
Reform And Opening Up 改革开放
China on Saturday unveiled guidelines on supporting the southern island province of Hainan to deepen reform and opening up, with details on turning it into a pilot free trade zone and creating a "free trade port with Chinese characteristics."
我国于14日发布支持海南全面深化改革开放的指导意见,列出将海南建设成为自由贸易试验区和中国特色自由贸易港的详细举措。
《意见》对海南作出了新的四大战略定位。一是全面深化改革开放试验区(pilot zone for comprehensively deepening reform and opening-up)。二是国家生态文明试验区(pilot zone for the country's ecological civilization)。三是国际旅游消费中心(an international tourism and consumption center)。四是国家重大战略服务保障区(zone offering services and support for the country's major strategies)。
根据《意见》,海南未来将按照"四步走"发展目标实现新发展。
2020年,与全国同步实现全面建成小康社会目标,自由贸易试验区建设取得重要进展(achieve important progress in building Hainan province into a pilot free trade zone),国际开放度显著提高;
2025年,经济增长质量和效益显著提高;自由贸易港制度初步建立(basically establish a free trade port system),营商环境达到国内一流水平;
2035年,在社会主义现代化建设上走在全国前列;自由贸易港的制度体系和运作模式更加成熟(make the free trade port system and operational mode of Hainan more mature),营商环境跻身全球前列;
到本世纪中叶,率先实现社会主义现代化(take the lead in achieving socialist modernization),形成高度市场化、国际化、法治化、现代化的制度体系(form a highly commercialized, internationalized, legalized and modernized system),成为综合竞争力和文化影响力领先的地区。
《意见》明确提出,以供给侧结构性改革(supply-side structural reform)为主线,从深化供给侧结构性改革、实施创新驱动发展战略(innovation-driven development strategy)、深入推进经济体制改革(deepen economic structural reform)、提高基础设施网络化智能化水平(improve intelligence level of infrastructure)4个方面建设海南现代化经济体系。
《意见》明确,将按照先行先试、风险可控、分步推进、突出特色原则,在海南推动形成全面开放新格局,高标准高质量建设自由贸易试验区(build a free trade pilot zone with high standard and quality),探索建设中国特色自由贸易港(free trade port with Chinese characteristics),加强风险防控体系建设(strengthen risk control system)。
在拓展旅游消费发展空间方面,《意见》提出海南将实施更加开放便利的离岛免税购物政策(off-shore duty-free policy),实现离岛旅客全覆盖,提高免税购物限额;支持海南开通跨国邮轮旅游航线(transnational cruise ship line);有序推进西沙旅游资源开发,稳步开放海岛游;制定支持境外患者到博鳌乐城国际医疗旅游先行区诊疗的便利化政策;探索发展竞猜型体育彩票(sports betting lottery)和大型国际赛事即开彩票(instant lottery on large-scale international events);大力推进海南旅游消费国际化等。
3
Island Patrol 绕岛巡航
A Chinese air force formation conducted island patrolsrecently during a training exercise with an aim of improving the ability to safeguard national sovereignty and territorial integrity, an air force spokesperson confirmed Thursday.
空军发言人19日证实,近日,我国空军多型战机连续"绕岛巡航",锤炼提升维护国家主权和领土完整能力。
中国空军新闻发言人申进科大校19日发布消息,空军开展的海上方向实战化军事训练,出动了轰-6K(H-6K bombers)、苏-30(Su-30 fighters)、歼-11(J-11 fighters)和侦察机(reconnaissance aircraft)、预警机(early warning aircraft)等多型多架战机。轰-6K等战机实施了"绕岛巡航(island patrols)"训练课题,提升了机动能力(maneuverability),检验了实战能力(combat capability)。
国务院台办发言人马晓光就我空军"绕岛巡航"答记者问时表示,"台独"分裂活动("Taiwan independence" separatist activities)是台海和平稳定的最大现实威胁。两岸同胞(compatriots on both sides of the Taiwan Straits)都应对此保持高度警惕。我们坚决反对任何形式的"台独"分裂图谋和言行,任何企图把台湾从中国分裂出去的图谋都注定失败。任何人、任何势力不要低估我们捍卫国家主权和领土完整的坚定决心和坚强能力(no individual or element should underestimate our resolve and ability to safeguard national sovereignty and territorial integrity)。
4
Mini Biosphere 微型生态圈
China hopes to create a "mini biosphere" on the dark side of the Moon, with flowers and silkworms sustaining each other as they grow on the lifeless lunar surface.
中国希望在月球背面打造一个"微型生态圈",让花和蚕"相依为命",在没有生命的月球表面生长。
这项史无前例的外太空生命培育计划(the unprecedented plan to create life in outer space)是中国今年年底探月任务(lunar probe mission)中最引人入胜的一部分,也将大力推进人类在月球居住梦想的实现。此前,航天员曾在国际空间站(International Space Station)种过植物,而中国的航天员也曾在天宫二号空间实验室里培养过水稻和拟南芥(Chinese "taikonauts" grew rice and arabidopsis in China's Tiangong-2 space lab)。但那些实验都是在离地面约400公里的近地轨道(low-Earth orbit)中进行的。
昆虫、植物、马铃薯种子和拟南芥将于今年12月搭乘嫦娥四号探测器前往月球。它们将和水、营养液(a nutrient solution)、微型照相机和信息传输系统(data transmission system)一道,被放置在一个高18厘米由特殊铝合金材料制成的桶状罐子(a bucket-like tin made from special aluminum alloy materials)里。一个小导管会把自然光线导入罐子里,帮助这些植物和土豆种子生长。在"微型生态圈(mini-ecological system)"的下一个阶段中,植物会产生氧气,供蚕蛹孵化时使用。蚕会产生植物生长所需的二氧化碳和粪便(create carbon dioxide and produce waste that will allow the plants to grow)。
5
Expectant Mother's Hospital Bag 待产包
Kate Middleton, Duchess of Cambridge, is set to give birth at the exclusive Lindo Wing in St Mary's Hospital. A source told a publication Kate's hospital bag is packed with various good luck talismans.
凯特王妃目前已在圣玛丽医院的林都私人院区待产。有消息源告诉某刊物,凯特的待产包里打包了各种各样的"吉祥物"。
英国威廉王子和凯特王妃即将迎来他们的第三个孩子。同生乔治王子和夏洛特公主时一样,此次凯特仍然选择在伦敦圣玛丽医院生产。匿名消息源向英国《OK!》杂志透露,凯特的待产包里包括如下物件:英国女王伊丽莎白二世赠送的一个象征好运的19世纪雪花石浮雕挂件(a 19th-century alabaster cameo pendant)、凯特母亲的黑玛瑙串(black onyx beads)、三幅带相框家庭照(framed family photos)、乔治小王子和夏洛特小公主各自挑选的心仪玩具(favorite toys),威廉王子买给妻子的香氛套装(aromatherapy kit)和一张安神CD。
此外,尽管医院产房里配备了卫星电视、广播、床旁电话(bedside phone)、冰箱、大量报纸并提供无线网络,凯特王妃依然带上了下载好最新布克奖得主作品的Kindle电子书(a Kindle loaded with the latest Man Booker prize winners)。另外,为帮助产后康复(post-birth recovery),凯特还带上了一套自己最喜爱的润肤霜(moisturizers)。
据《每日邮报》报道,凯特此次生产后可能会休息较长一段时间(Kate is likely to take an extended period off to recover after the birth),到秋季再恢复履行王室职责(royal duties)。但她会出席哈里王子5月19日的婚礼。
6
In-Flight First-Aid Handbook 空中医疗急救手册
4月18日,国内首部《空中医疗急救手册》在上海正式发布。该手册将为空中急救提供详细的执行规范和操作标准,有效提高空中救助的质量与效率。
The nation's first manual for in-flight first-aid was published on Wednesday by China Eastern Airlines, which hopes to set the standard for handling medical emergencies in the air.
我国首部空中医疗急救手册18日由东方航空公司发布,该手册将为空中急救提供规范和标准。
此次发布的《空中医疗急救手册(In-Flight First-Aid Handbook)》在编制过程中,充分吸收了东航机组、民航总医院和上海医师志愿者的医疗专家的专业意见。整个手册分为十八个章节,按照医疗病症划分,详细描述了各类常见病症的表症(basic knowledge of common illnesses)、救助方法(basic first-aid skills)、用药指导(medication guides)等,并引用了大量机上实际发生的典型案例(case studies),具有较强的指导性和操作性。
近年来,民用航空运输快速发展(rapid development of civil aviation),航空旅客运输量不断攀升,空中旅客突发疾病事件也呈逐年上升趋势。据国际民航不完全统计,空中紧急医学事件(in-flight medical emergencies)的发生率为22.6例/百万旅客,其中死亡率(death rate)为0.1-0.8例/百万旅客,每100万次飞行中就有210次因空中医学事件而紧急备降(diverted flights)或返航(returned flights),平均每12.6例就造成1次紧急备降或返航。
7
Trip Along The Yangtze River 长江考察
24日上午,习近平总书记从北京直飞湖北宜昌。一下飞机便前往长江沿岸考察调研长江生态环境修复工作,走进化工厂、访问移民村、考察三峡大坝。在考察和走访过程中,习近平这些话成为媒体纷纷引用的"金句"。
国家要强大、民族要复兴,必须靠我们自己砥砺奋进、不懈奋斗。
The great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation can only be achieved through untiring struggle.
我们要靠自己的努力,大国重器必须掌握在自己手里。
We must rely on our own efforts, and hold the great strength in our hands.
核心技术、关键技术,化缘是化不来的,要靠自己拼搏。
To get core and key technology, begging alms won't work. We must rely on our own hard work.
25日上午,习近平总书记驱车一个半小时,从宜昌前往荆州。在荆州港码头登上轮船,顺江而下,考察长江。船行4个小时,抵达石首港。随后,他又驱车一个多小时,深入到长江湖南岳阳段考察。
他指出:
修复长江生态环境,是新时代赋予我们的艰巨任务,也是人民群众的热切期盼。
Restoration of the river's ecological environment is an arduous task that the new era has entrusted to us and the high expectations of the people.
绝不容许长江生态环境在我们这一代人手上继续恶化下去,一定要给子孙后代留下一条清洁美丽的万里长江!
We must not allow the ecological environment of the Yangtze River to continue deteriorating in the hands of our generation, and we must leave our descendants a clean and beautiful Yangtze River.
26日下午,习近平主持召开深入推动长江经济带发展座谈会。听取大家发言后,习近平发表了重要讲话。
他强调:
必须从中华民族长远利益考虑,把修复长江生态环境摆在压倒性位置,共抓大保护、不搞大开发。
We must proceed from the long-term interests of the Chinese nation to put restoring the ecological environment of the Yangtze River at a dominant position, making all-out efforts to protect it, and forbidding large-scale development of the river.
努力把长江经济带建设成为生态更优美、交通更顺畅、经济更协调、市场更统一、机制更科学的黄金经济带。
The aim is to build the economic belt into a golden economic belt featuring more beautiful ecology, more smooth transport, more coordinated economy, more integrated market and more scientific mechanisms.
习近平明确提出了推动长江经济带发展需要正确把握的5个关系。
第一,正确把握整体推进和重点突破的关系,全面做好长江生态环境保护修复工作。
First, efforts should be made to properly deal with the relationship between pressing ahead on the whole and making breakthroughs in key areas, so as to protect and restore the ecological environment of the Yangtze River in all aspects.
第二,正确把握生态环境保护和经济发展的关系,探索协同推进生态优先和绿色发展新路子。
Second, efforts should be made to properly deal with the relationship between ecological environment protection and economic development, and explore a new path which puts ecology first while pursuing green development.
第三,正确把握总体谋划和久久为功的关系,坚定不移将一张蓝图干到底。
Third, efforts should be made to properly deal with the relationship between making an overall plan and making unremitting efforts, and stick to a single blueprint until the end.
第四,正确把握破除旧动能和培育新动能的关系,推动长江经济带建设现代化经济体系。
Fourth, efforts should be made to properly deal with the relationship between getting rid of old growth engines and cultivating new engines, and facilitate the establishment of a modern economic system for the Yangtze River economic belt.
第五,正确把握自身发展和协同发展的关系,努力将长江经济带打造成为有机融合的高效经济体。
Finally, efforts should be made to properly deal with the relationship between developing individually and developing in a coordinated way so as to make the economic belt an efficient economic entity.
8
Iinter-Korean Summit 朝韩首脑会晤
The Republic of Korea (ROK)'s President Moon Jae-in and top leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) Kim Jong-un began formal talks in the South Korean side of the border village of Panmunjom in the third-ever inter-Korean summit Friday.
朝鲜最高领导人金正恩27日与韩国总统文在寅在板门店韩方一侧举行正式会谈。这是韩朝双方举行的第三次首脑会晤。
当地时间9时30分许,金正恩在板门店跨过军事分界线(cross the military demarcation line inside Panmunjom),进入韩方一侧,受到等候在那里的文在寅的欢迎。金正恩成为朝鲜战争后首位踏上韩国土地的朝鲜最高领导人(the first DPRK leader to set foot on the ROK's soil since the end of the Korean War)。
在金正恩的邀请下,两人携手跨越军事分界线,在朝方一侧短暂停留后回到韩方一侧(Kim invited Moon to step briefly across the demarcation line into the DPRK side, before the pair stepped back into the ROK territory - all the while holding hands)。随后,韩朝领导人走入会晤地点"和平之家(Peace House)"。金正恩在"和平之家"题词:新的历史从此开始——在和平的时代,历史的出发点(a new history begins now - at the starting point of history and the era of peace)。
10时15分左右,文在寅和金正恩开始进行正式会谈(launch formal talks)。金正恩在开场发言中表示,将在会谈中就朝韩共同关注的问题坦诚对话(frankly discuss issues of mutual interest),促会谈取得可喜成果(create a good result)。文在寅则指出,金正恩跨过军事分界线的瞬间,让板门店从分裂的象征转变为和平的象征(Panmunjom has changed into a symbol of peace from a symbol of division at the moment Kim walked over the MDL)。文在寅提议,希望韩朝大胆对话(engage in frank talks),共叙10年来的未尽之言,共同努力达成协议,为期待和平的民众和全世界人民(the whole Korean people and the people who want peace)献上大礼。
当日下午,文在寅与金正恩进行共同植树活动(joint tree-planting ceremony),祈愿朝鲜半岛和平与繁荣(peace and prosperity)。韩国青瓦台发言人尹永灿在板门店表示,在历时约100分钟的正式闭门会谈(formal closed-door dialogue)期间,金正恩和文在寅就朝鲜半岛无核化(denuclearization on the Korean Peninsula),构建半岛永久和平条约(the establishment of a permanent peace pact)以及改善韩朝关系(the improvement of inter-Korean ties)等问题进行探讨。下午会谈结束后,预计两国首脑将签署协议并发表联合声明(the leaders will sign an agreement and deliver a joint statement)。
这是韩朝之间第三次首脑会晤(the third-ever inter-Korean summit)。2000年,时任韩国总统金大中访朝与时任朝鲜最高领导人金正日首次会晤(hold the first-ever summit),签署了《北南共同宣言》(North-South Joint Declaration)。2007年,金正日和时任韩国总统卢武铉在平壤举行第二次朝韩首脑会晤,双方发表《北南关系发展与和平繁荣宣言》。该宣言旨在为朝鲜战争画上句号(end the Korean War),并为朝鲜半岛永久和平奠定基础。
9
Electronic Social Security Card 电子社保卡
The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security issued China's first electronic social security card on Sunday to a woman surnamed Liu from Qingdao, Shandong.
22日,人力资源社会保障部向来自山东青岛的刘女士签发了全国首张电子社保卡。
这是人社部签发的第一张全国统一的电子社保卡(electronic social security card),意味着社保卡线上线下功能(online and offline functions)全面打通。据介绍,电子社保卡作为社保卡线上应用的有效电子凭证,与实体社保卡一一对应(correspond with an actual social security card)。与实体社保卡一样,电子社保卡全国统一、全国通用(can be used across the whole country),具有身份凭证、信息记录(information record)、信息查询(information queries)、医保结算、缴费(medical insurance settlements and payments)及待遇领取、金融支付等功能。
社保卡持有者(social security card holders)随时随地都可通过授权应用获取电子社保卡(receive an electronic social security card at any time from authorized apps),这项服务将在青岛和福州试点(be piloted in Qingdao and Fuzhou)。截至今年第一季度,我国社保卡持卡人数为 11.2 亿人(China has 1.12 billion social security card holders),普及率达 80.6%。社保卡已用于各行各业,包括医保结算和就业服务(employment services),对其的应用还将扩至提供居民卫生服务、发放经济补贴等其他公共服务领域(be expanded to other public service fields such as providing residential health services and issuing financial subsidies)。
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Islandwide Quota Policy 全域限购政策
Hainan has announced a strict, islandwide quota policy to curb speculation in the housing market and better promote building the island into a pilot international free-trade zone.
海南省公布了严格的全域限购政策,以遏制房地产市场的炒作行为,更好地推进将海南建设成为国际自由贸易试验区。
今年3月31日,海南省住建厅发布《关于做好稳定房地产市场工作的通知》,规定五指山、保亭、琼中、白沙4个中部生态核心区(central ecological core areas)市县建设的商品住宅只能销售给本市县居民(only open for purchase by local residents);非本省户籍居民家庭在海口、三亚、琼海实行限购的区域购房,须提供至少一名家庭成员在海南省累计60个月及以上个人所得税或社会保险缴纳证明(tax records or social security payments for the past 60 months in Hainan from at least one member of the applicant's family)。
此次出台的全域限购政策(islandwide quota policy)规定,除上述区域外,非本省户籍居民家庭购买住房的,须提供至少一名家庭成员在海南累计24个月及以上个人所得税或社会保险缴纳证明;自本通知发布后,户籍新迁入本省的居民家庭(household registration newly transferred to Hainan)只能购买一套住房,并须提供至少一名家庭成员在海南省累计24个月及以上个人所得税或社会保险缴纳证明。
同时,海南省还规定了严格的限贷和限制转让(restrictions in loan and transfer)措施。非本省户籍居民家庭在海南省购买住房,申请商业性个人住房贷款首付款比例不得低于70%(a minimum 70% down payment);居民家庭或企事业单位(enterprises and public institutions)、社会组织在海南省购买的住房,取得不动产权证满5年后方可转让。
在限制买方市场的同时,新规定对卖方市场也做出了明确要求。对取得预售许可证的商品住宅项目(commercial housing projects with pre-sale permits),房地产开发企业要公开全部房源并明码标价(clearly mark the prices of the houses),一次性对外销售(put up all the houses for sale),不得分期分批销售。商品住宅价格备案后,6个月内不得调高备案价格(recorded price can't be increased within 6 months);调整备案价格的须重新备案。此外,海南省将大幅减少直至停止供应外销商品住宅项目用地。
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The invisible poverty-stricken population, or the invisible poor 隐形贫困人口
The invisible poverty-stricken population, or the invisible poor, refers to people whose consumption exceeds their income. They usually live a quality life and spend a lot of money on food, clothing, gym, spas and other daily expenses, which leaves them little or no money in their bank accounts.
“隐形贫困人口”指那些花的比挣的多的人。他们生活讲究质量,在美食、衣服、健身房、水疗按摩以及其他日常支出方面开销很大,银行账户里基本没什么钱。
其实,不仅在中国,“隐形贫困”现象在许多国家都存在,尤其是在年轻人当中。
据美国国家退休安全研究所(National Institute on Retirement Security)的统计,在21岁-32岁的年轻人中,超过66%的人没有为自己的后半生预备存款。
分析认为,造成“隐形贫困”现象的原因之一是害怕落伍,害怕自己落后于同龄人。
Whether it's enjoying the newest restaurants, wearing the latest fashion, or taking expensive vacations, the fear of falling behind their friends is forcing young people to pile up thousands of dollars in debt.
去新开的餐厅尝鲜,紧跟潮流的时尚衣着,或者来个奢华假期,哪个方面都不想落后于小伙伴,年轻人们由此累积了数千美元的债务。
这种情况,在英语里叫FOMO(fear of missing out)。
FOMO(错失恐惧症)形容担心错过别人去参加的活动或所做的有趣的事情,这种焦虑通常是由于在社交网络中看到了别人发送的帖子而引起的。
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High-Speed Aerotrain 高速气动悬浮列车
A high-speed aerotrain that could run 400 to 500 kilometers per hour is being developed by China and Japan in a joint effort, the Chongqing Morning Post reported.
据《重庆晨报》报道,中日两国正合力研发一种时速可达400-500公里的高速气动悬浮列车。
对外公布的这款高速气动悬浮列车(high-speed aerotrain)模型长一米多,子弹头车头似高铁列车,车身则有环形翼(annular wing)和气流推进器(airflow propeller),又跟飞机有些相似。重庆理工大学领衔参与高速气动悬浮列车研发的教授赖晨光介绍,这样的高速气动悬浮列车,完全采用自然能源驱动(fully powered by natural energy),使用成本低,速度还非常快。
赖晨光称,如果以时速500公里运行(runs at a speed of 500 km/h),气动悬浮列车的能耗仅为高铁的1/3(the energy it consumes is only 1/3 of that consumed by current high-speed trains)、磁悬浮列车(maglev trains)的1/6。得益于新设计,这款列车的负载能力也将得到提升(load capacity of the train also will be enhanced)。
他表示,高速气动悬浮列车第一代、第二代样式试制及实车试验(trial manufacturing and test runs of the first and second generation aerotrain)已经在日本完成。根据规划,日本将于2025年开通第一条高速气动悬浮列车线路(the first high-speed aerotrain line)。接下来,中日团队将基于新设计的"LOOP"造型,为其配备阻燃性的镁合金车身(train body made of magnesium alloy)并开展更加深入的试验研究与验证。
来源:中国日报网