每周热词回顾(4.9—4.16)
什么是抗癌药?你了解过养老保险费率吗?积分落户你已经会写了吗?臭氧浓度是多少?本周热词告诉你……
每周热词榜,一次过把本周热词背完,轻松掌握每周最新最热新闻词汇!
1
Anti-Cancer Medicines, Cancer Drugs 抗癌药
Starting May 1, China will levy no tariffs on imports of anti-cancer medicines, the State Council said on Thursday.
国务院12日称,自5月1日起,我国将对进口抗癌药实施零关税。
国务院总理李克强12日主持召开国务院常务会议,确定发展"互联网+医疗健康"措施(develop the Internet plus Medical and Healthcare strategy),缓解看病就医难题、提升人民健康水平(improve people's health);决定对进口抗癌药实施零关税并鼓励创新药进口(encourage the import of more innovative drugs),顺应民生期盼使患者更多受益。
会议指出,从5月1日起,将包括抗癌药在内的所有普通药品(all common drugs including cancer drugs)、具有抗癌作用的生物碱类药品(cancer alkaloid-based drugs)及有实际进口的中成药(imported traditional Chinese medicine)进口关税降至零,使我国实际进口的全部抗癌药实现零关税。较大幅度降低抗癌药生产、进口环节增值税税负(value added tax in the production and import of drugs will drop by a large margin)。
会议同时指出,将研究综合措施,采取政府集中采购(centralized government procurement)、将进口创新药特别是急需的抗癌药(much-needed cancer drugs)及时纳入医保报销目录(be incorporated into the catalogue of medical insurance reimbursement)等方式,并研究利用跨境电商渠道(means of cross-border e-commerce),多措并举消除流通环节各种不合理加价,让群众切实感受到急需抗癌药的价格有明显降低。会议指出,加快创新药进口上市(the import of innovative drugs will be accelerated and they will come into the market at an earlier date)。将临床试验(clinical trials)申请由批准制改为到期默认制,对进口化学药改为凭企业检验结果通关,不再逐批强制检验。
2
Boao Forum for Asia 博鳌亚洲论坛
President Xi Jinping delivered a keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2018 on Tuesday.
10日,国家主席习近平出席博鳌亚洲论坛2018年年会开幕式并发表主旨演讲。
博鳌亚洲论坛2018年年会于4月8日至11日在海南博鳌举行。本次年会以"开放创新的亚洲,繁荣发展的世界(An Open and Innovative Asia for a World of Greater Prosperity)"为主题。在主旨演讲(keynote speech)中,习近平主席宣布,中国决定在扩大开放方面采取一系列新的重大举措(a number of landmark measures to boost opening-up)。
第一,大幅度放宽市场准入(significantly broaden market access)。今年,我们将推出几项有标志意义的举措。在服务业特别是金融业方面,去年年底宣布的放宽银行、证券、保险行业外资股比限制的重大措施要确保落地(ensure these measures are materialized),同时要加快保险行业开放进程,放宽外资金融机构设立限制,扩大外资金融机构在华业务范围,拓宽中外金融市场合作领域(ease restrictions on the establishment of foreign financial institutions in China and expand their business scope, and open up more areas of cooperation between Chinese and foreign financial markets)。在制造业方面,目前已基本开放,保留限制的主要是汽车、船舶、飞机等少数行业,现在这些行业已经具备开放基础,下一步要尽快放宽外资股比限制特别是汽车行业外资限制(going forward, we will reduce as soon as possible limits on foreign investment in these industries, automobiles in particular)。
第二,创造更有吸引力的投资环境(create a more favorable investment environment)。投资环境就像空气,空气清新才能吸引更多外资(investment environment is like air, only fresh air can attract more investment from the outside)。过去,中国吸引外资主要靠优惠政策(rely mainly on providing favorable policies for foreign investors in the past),现在要更多靠改善投资环境(improve the investment environment)。我们将加强同国际经贸规则对接(enhance alignment with international economic and trading rules),增强透明度(increase transparency),强化产权保护(strengthen property right protection),坚持依法办事(uphold the rule of law),鼓励竞争、反对垄断(encourage competition and oppose monopoly)。今年3月,我们组建了国家市场监督管理总局,还有一些其他新的机构,对现有政府机构作出大幅度调整(a major readjustment of government institutions),坚决破除制约使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用、更好发挥政府作用的体制机制弊端(remove the systematic and institutional obstacles that prevent the market from playing a decisive role in resources allocation, and enable the government to better play its role)。今年上半年,我们将完成修订外商投资负面清单工作(complete the revision of the negative list on foreign investment),全面落实准入前国民待遇(national treatment)加负面清单管理制度。
第三,加强知识产权保护(strengthen protection of intellectual property rights)。这是完善产权保护制度最重要的内容,也是提高中国经济竞争力最大的激励(the biggest boost to enhancing the competitiveness of the Chinese economy)。对此,外资企业有要求,中国企业更有要求。今年,我们将重新组建国家知识产权局,完善加大执法力度(step up law enforcement),把违法成本显著提上去(significantly raise the cost for offenders),把法律威慑作用充分发挥出来(fully unlock the deterrent effect of relevant laws)。我们鼓励中外企业开展正常技术交流合作(normal technological exchanges and cooperation),保护在华外资企业合法知识产权。同时,我们希望外国政府加强对中国知识产权的保护。
第四,主动扩大进口(expand imports)。中国不以追求贸易顺差(trade surplus)为目标,真诚希望扩大进口,促进经常项目收支平衡。今年,我们将相当幅度降低汽车进口关税(lower the import tariffs for vehicles),同时降低部分其他产品进口关税,努力增加人民群众需求比较集中的特色优势产品进口(import more products that are competitive and needed by the Chinese people),加快加入世界贸易组织《政府采购协定》进程。我们希望发达国家对正常合理的高技术产品贸易停止人为设限,放宽对华高技术产品出口管制(stop imposing restrictions on normal and reasonable trade of high-tech products and relax export controls on such trade with China)。今年11月,我们将在上海举办首届中国国际进口博览会。这不是一般性的会展,而是我们主动开放市场的重大政策宣示和行动(a major policy initiative and commitment taken of our own accord to open up the Chinese market)。欢迎各国朋友来华参加。
3
Pension Insurance Premium Rate 养老保险费率
Exorbitant pension insurance premium rate and substitution rate can result in a high social economic cost.
过高的养老保险费率和保险金替代率会产生巨大的社会经济成本。
9日,人社部副部长游钧在国务院政策例行吹风会上表示,我国将继续阶段性降低企业养老保险费率(reduce the pension insurance premium rate paid by enterprises),但这不会影响到社保基金的正常运行(normal operation of social security fund)以及养老金待遇的水平和正常的调整。
据游钧介绍,快三年多的时间,我们先后降低或者阶段性降低了社会保险费率4次,总体的社保费率(overall social insurance premium rate)从41%降到37.25%。"这次降费主要是延续2016年以来企业养老费率降低的政策,从20%降到19%。将原来的2018年4月30日到期,延迟一年到2019年4月30日。"预计按照继续延长养老保险降低费率的政策,政策执行期内可以为企业减负540亿元(reduce the burden on enterprises by 54 billion yuan)。对此,中国国际经济交流中心经济研究部副研究员刘向东表示,降低企业养老保险费率是实施供给侧结构性改革(supply-side structural reform)的重要举措,对中国实现高质量发展(high-quality development)至关重要。
4
Point-Based Household Registration 积分落户
Non-Beijingers will be able to apply for registration as permanent urban residents of China's capital under the city's new point-based household registration system.
根据北京新出台的积分落户制,非京籍人士将可申报成为我国首都北京的永久居民。
北京市人力社保局11日表示,从4月16日起,启动积分落户申报工作(points-based application system for household registration),以满足长期在京稳定生活的非京籍人口的需求(demand of nonnative Beijing residents to stabilize their living situations in the capital)。据介绍,北京市积分落户申报的核心工作可以用"498"这三个数字来概括,即4项资格条件,9个积分指标和8个经办步骤。
4项资格条件是指:申请人必须同时满足持有《北京市居住证》(have held a temporary Beijing residence permit);不超过法定退休年龄(under the legal retirement age);在京连续缴纳社会保险7年及以上(have made social insurance payments for at least seven consecutive years);无刑事犯罪记录(have no criminal record)。这4项资格条件缺一不可,否则就不能进行申报。
9个积分指标包括:合法稳定就业(legal and stable employment)指标、合法稳定住所(legal and stable residence)指标、教育背景(educational background)指标、职住区域(area of employment and residence)指标、创新创业指标、纳税指标、年龄指标、荣誉表彰(awards and honors)指标、守法记录(legal record)指标。
8个经办步骤则指申请人需要经过8个环节才能完成申报工作,从系统注册、关联单位、积分填报(points registration)、确认提交,到数据核查(fact check)、查看初核结果(result of preliminary review)、复查(fact review)及现场审核(field check)、发布及公示(publish the check results)等。
北京市市政府称,申报期限结束后(after the time limit),该系统将会关闭,将对申请者的文件进行审核(audit applicants' files)。北京市政府11日称,将在9月5日后公布今年的落户规模(announce this year's quota for new hukou holders)。
5
Average Ozone Concentration 臭氧浓度
4月10日,北京大学统计科学中心和北京大学光华管理学院环境统计课题组发布了《“2+31”城市2013-2017年区域污染状况评估》,报告分析了京津冀及周边地区33个城市六种常规污染物浓度变化趋势。
The concentration of hazardous ozone in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and surrounding areas has been increasing, even though other major air pollutants have been declining, according to a report published on Tuesday.
4月10日发布的报告称,京津冀及周边地区的有害臭氧浓度持续上升,其他主要污染物浓度有所下降。
这里提到的六种常规污染物包括,PM2.5、PM10 、二氧化硫(sulfur dioxide)、二氧化氮(nitrogen dioxide)、一氧化碳(carbon monoxide)和臭氧(ozone)。
报告中绝大部分城市年均臭氧浓度(average ozone concentration)一致上升且幅度较大。京津冀地区和晋鲁豫20市8小时臭氧浓度整个夏季的平均值基本都超过了中国和世界卫生组织100微克/立方米的标准。
报告指出,除张家口、晋城外,其余城市PM2.5浓度从2014年至2017年总体下降趋势明显(the density of PM2.5 has seen a noticeable decline from 2014 to 2017),北京、天津、廊坊的改善幅度最大。
臭氧浓度过量会引发呼吸道刺激(respiratory tract irritation)、破坏身体免疫系统(damage the body's immune system)并影响肺功能(affect lung function)。
报告认为,夏季臭氧污染(ozone pollution)已经成为京津冀大气污染的一个突出问题。报告建议,对京津冀地区乃至全国主要污染区域设定臭氧改善的具体数值目标(set a target for ozone concentration),以便采取有力措施及时遏制其增长的趋势、有效降低臭氧浓度,避免面临颗粒物和臭氧污染双重污染的局面(avoid the simultaneous occurrence of particulate matter pollution and ozone pollution)。
6
Shanghai-London Stock Connect 沪伦通
在10日的博鳌亚洲论坛2018年年会开幕式上,国家主席习近平明确提出,去年年底宣布的放宽银行、证券、保险行业外资股比限制的重大措施要确保落地,同时要加大开放力度,加快保险行业开放进程,放宽外资金融机构设立限制,扩大外资金融机构在华业务范围,拓宽中外金融市场合作领域。
习近平在讲话中指出:
这些对外开放重大举措,我们将尽快使之落地,宜早不宜迟,宜快不宜慢,努力让开放成果及早惠及中国企业和人民,及早惠及世界各国企业和人民。
We have every intention to translate these initiatives of opening-up into reality, sooner rather than later. We want the outcomes of our opening-up efforts to deliver benefits as soon as possible to all enterprises and people in China and around the world.
11日,中国人民银行行长易纲在“货币政策的正常化”分论坛上宣布了12项金融业对外开放的重大举措。
预计到今年6月30日将落实的有六条:
一、取消银行和金融资产管理公司的外资持股比例限制,内外资一视同仁,允许外国银行在我国境内同时设立分行和支行。
Foreign equity restrictions on banks and financial asset management firms will be canceled, with equal treatment for domestic and foreign-funded institutions. Foreign banks will be allowed to set up branches and subsidiaries at the same time in the country.
二、将证券公司、基金管理公司、期货公司、人身保险公司的外资持股比例的上限放宽至51%。三年以后,不再设限。
Foreign businesses will be allowed to own up to 51 percent of shares in securities, funds, futures and life insurance joint ventures, and the cap will be phased out over three years.
三、不再要求合资证券公司境内股东,至少有一家证券公司。
Securities joint ventures will not be required to have at least one securities firm among its domestic shareholders.
四、为进一步完善内地和香港两地股市互联互通的机制,从今年5月1日起,把互联互通每日的额度扩大四倍。
Daily quotas for the stock connect schemes between the mainland and Hong Kong will be quadrupled starting from May 1.
也就是说沪股通和港股通每日的额度从130亿调整为520亿人民币,港股通每日额度从105亿调整为420亿人民币。
五、允许符合条件的外国投资者来华经营保险代理业务和保险公估业务。
Qualified foreign investors will be allowed to conduct insurance brokerage and assessment business in the country.
六,放开外资保险经纪公司经营的范围,与中资机构一致。
Foreign-funded insurance brokers will have the same business scope as their Chinese counterparts do.
易纲表示,到今年年底以前,还将推出下列措施,以下这几条是今年年底以前需要落实的:
一、 鼓励在信托金融租赁汽车金融货币经济消费金融等银行业金融领域引入外资(encourage foreign investors to enter its trust, financial leasing, auto finance, money brokerage and consumer finance sectors)。
二、 对商业银行新发起设立的金融资产投资公司和理财公司的外资持股比例不设上限(no foreign ownership limits will be set for new financial asset investment and wealth management companies initiated by commercial banks)。
三、大幅度的扩大外资银行的业务范围(substantially expand the business scope of foreign banks)。
四、不再对合资证券公司的业务范围单独设限(impose no restrictions on the business scope of joint-venture securities companies),内外资一致。
五、全面取消外资保险公司设立前需开设两年代表处的要求(remove the requirement that foreign insurance companies must have had representative offices for two years before they set up businesses in China)。
此外,易纲还宣布,经过中英两国双方共同的努力,目前沪伦通的准备工作进展顺利,将争取在2018年年内开通沪伦通(launch theShanghai-London stock connect this year)。
7
Navy Review 海上阅兵
President Xi Jinping reviewed the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy in the South China Sea Thursday morning, saying that the need to build a strong navy "has never been more urgent than today." Xi, also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, called for efforts to build a first-class navy.
12日上午,中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平在南海海域检阅海军部队时指出,建设强大的人民海军的任务从来没有像今天这样紧迫。他强调,要把人民海军全面建成世界一流海军。
此次阅兵是新中国历史上规模最大的海上阅兵(the largest navy review in the People's Republic of China since its founding in 1949),有48艘战舰(warships)、76架战机(combat aircrafts)以及10000余名官兵(more than 10,000 Navy personnel)参与。
受阅舰艇按作战编组组成战略打击(strategic strike)、水下攻击(submerged attack)、远海作战(open-sea operations)、航母打击(aircraft carrier strike)、两栖登陆(amphibious landing)、近海防御(offshore waters defense)、综合保障(comprehensive support)等7个作战群;受阅飞机组成舰载直升机(ship-borne helicopter)、预警指挥(warning and command)、对海突击(air-to-ship strike)、远距支援掩护(long distance escort)、制空作战(air-to-air strike)等10个空中梯队。
这次海上阅兵,辽宁舰航母编队(a naval formation consisting of aircraft carrier Liaoning)精彩亮相,一大批新型潜艇、水面舰艇、作战飞机集中展示,党的十八大后列装舰艇占受阅舰艇一半以上。
检阅结束之后,习近平发表重要讲话。他指出:
建设一支强大的人民海军,寄托着中华民族向海图强的世代夙愿,是实现中华民族伟大复兴的重要保障。
It has always been China's aspiration to have a strong navy, which serves as a key guarantee to achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
习近平要求海军将士们,全面贯彻党对军队绝对领导的根本原则和制度,坚定理想信念,弘扬光荣传统,大力推进科技创新,加快发展新型作战力量,着力构建现代海上作战体系。
He asked naval officers and soldiers to fully implement the Party's absolute leadership over the armed forces, be firm in ideals and convictions, and uphold the glorious traditions, while pushing for technological innovation, developing new types of battle forces, and building a modern maritime combat system.
保持高度戒备状态,时刻听从党和人民召唤,坚决捍卫国家权益,努力为维护世界和地区和平稳定作出新的更大的贡献。
Xi asked naval officers and soldiers to remain on high alert, answer the calls of the Party and the people at all times, resolutely defend the national interests, and strive to contribute more to upholding the peace and stability of the region and the world.
来源:中国日报网