每周热词回顾（3.26—4.2）
什么是洋垃圾，你了解过吗？沙尘天气如何用英语表述？减税大礼包是什么？本周热词告诉你……
每周热词榜，一次过把本周热词背完，轻松掌握每周最新最热新闻词汇！
1
Overseas/Foreign Garbage 洋垃圾
China's environmental watchdog has approved two action plans, vowing to further crack down on the smuggling of overseas garbage while maintaining a tough stance against pollution caused by processing of imported waste.
我国环境监管部门近日通过了两项行动方案，表示将进一步打击走私洋垃圾，同时保持对加工进口废物造成的污染问题的高压态势。
洋垃圾(overseas/foreign garbage)是指进口固体废物(imported solid waste)，有时又特指以走私、夹带等方式进口国家禁止进口的固体废物(banned solid waste smuggled into China)或未经许可擅自进口属于限制进口的固体废物。2017年7月18日，中国正式通知世界贸易组织，自2017年年底开始将不再接收外来垃圾，包括废弃塑胶(plastic waste)、纸类(paper waste)及纺织品等。
生态环境部(the Ministry of Ecology and Environment)26日召开第一次常务会议(the first executive meeting)，通过了《关于全面落实〈禁止洋垃圾入境推进固体废物进口管理制度改革实施方案〉2018—2020年行动方案》(the 2018-2020 action plan for implementation of the reform plan to ban waste imports)，《进口固体废物加工利用企业环境违法问题专项督查行动方案(2018年)》和《垃圾焚烧发电行业达标排放专项整治行动方案》。
生态环境部有关负责人表示，禁止洋垃圾入境是党中央、国务院在新时期新形势下作出的一项重大决策(major decision)部署，是我国生态文明建设的标志性举措(a landmark measure for the country's construction of an ecological civilization)。"要坚定不移、不折不扣地落实好这项工作。要着眼于推动高质量发展，统筹考虑行动方案目标任务，全面提升我国固体废物污染防治水平(improve China's capability in solid waste pollution control)。要加强部门间协调沟通，加大信息共享及联动执法力度，建立长效工作机制(a long-term working procedure featuring information sharing and coordinated law enforcement will be established)。要进一步完善监管制度，强化洋垃圾非法入境管控(the border controls on illegal foreign garbage will be intensified)，深入实施全过程监管(the entire process in the industry will be inspected)，确保各项任务落实到位。"
2
Sandy And Dusty Weather 沙尘天气
The Beijing Meteorological Service issued a warning on Wednesday morning on sandy and dusty weather in the city.
北京市气象局28日上午就本市的沙尘天气发布预警。
据中央气象台介绍，此次沙尘源自蒙古国，覆盖范围涉及内蒙古、山西、河北、吉林，以及北京、天津等地，影响面积约达150万平方公里。中央气象台称，此次沙尘天气(sandy and dusty weather)强度大，造成多地空气质量(air quality)爆表。
中央气象台称，3月以来，我国北方地区雨水较少(little rain)，气温偏高，加之北方地区地表土壤(surface soil)解冻，气象条件总体有利于沙尘天气的生成。而且本次影响我国北方地区的气旋发展强盛，从蒙古国吹来的沙子(sand blew in from Mongolia)随气旋(cyclone)东移发展携带上游的沙尘，一路向西影响到京津冀及东北地区。
生态环境部中国环境监测总站首席预报员牛莉莉介绍，雾霾(smog)和沙尘同时出现并非偶然现象。26-28日华北地区有PM2.5为主的污染过程，西北方向冷空气携沙尘而来，冷空气原本对于PM2.5是比较有利的扩散条件(the cold air was supposed to be a favorable condition to disperse PM2.5)，然而冷空气同时也带来了沙尘，导致产生PM10(bring sand and dust on its way, resulting in PM10)。前期不利气象条件生成了PM2.5，同时又传输来了PM10，因此同时出现了PM2.5和PM10。中央气象台预计，未来10天，冷空气(cold fronts)和气旋活动将较为活跃，新疆南疆盆地、内蒙古中西部、西北地区东部等地多扬沙或浮尘天气(sandy or dusty weather)，局地有沙尘暴(sandstorm)。
3
Tax Reduction Package 减税大礼包
China will cut value-added tax (VAT) rates as part of a tax reduction package amounting to 400 billion yuan this year to drive high-quality development.
作为今年减税4000亿大礼包的部分举措，我国将下调增值税税率以推动高质量发展。
28日，国务院总理李克强主持召开国务院常务会议(a State Council executive meeting chaired by Premier Li Keqiang)，会上作出了上述决定。会议决定，自5月1日起，制造业等行业增值税税率将从17%降至16%(the tax rate for manufacturing will be lowered from 17% to 16%)，交通运输、建筑、基础电信服务(transportation, construction, basic telecommunication services)等行业及农产品等货物的增值税税率将从11%降至10%。
会议还决定，将统一增值税小规模纳税人标准(standard for small-scale taxpayers)。将工业企业和商业企业(industrial and commercial enterprises)小规模纳税人的年销售额(annual sales volume)标准由50万元和80万元上调至500万元，并在一定期限内允许已登记为一般纳税人的企业转登记为小规模纳税人(enterprises registered as general taxpayers will be allowed to switch their status to small-scale taxpayers within a given time)。
作为减税大礼包(tax reduction package)的一部分，对装备制造等先进制造业(advanced manufacturing)、研发等现代服务业符合条件的企业和电网企业在一定时期内未抵扣完的进项税额予以一次性退还(receive a lump-sum refund for their initial input VAT payments yet to be deducted)。实施上述三项措施，全年将减轻市场主体税负超过4000亿元，内外资企业都将同等受益。
4
US Diplomat 美外交人员
Russia will expel 60 US diplomats and shut the US consulate general in St Petersburg in tit-for-tat retaliation for Washington's moves against Moscow over an ex-spy incident, the Russian Foreign Ministry said Thursday.
俄罗斯外交部29日称，该国将驱逐60名美国外交人员并关闭美驻圣彼得堡总领馆，以此回应美国就前特工事件针对俄罗斯采取的行动。
根据俄罗斯外交部发表的公告，俄已将58名美驻莫斯科大使馆外交人员(58 diplomats from the US Embassy in Moscow)以及2名美驻叶卡捷琳堡总领馆外交人员列为"不受欢迎的人(persona non grata)"，要求他们在4月5日前离开俄罗斯。俄方还将收回美驻圣彼得堡总领馆的开馆和办公许可(the consent to the opening and functioning of the US consulate general in St Petersburg was withdrawn)，要求其工作人员在3月31日前从当前办公地点搬出。
公告还称，若美国继续对俄驻美外交和领事机构采取敌对行为(continue hostile actions against Russian diplomatic and consular missions in the US)，则俄方将对美驻俄外交和领事机构及人员采取补充措施(take additional measures against the personnel and facilities of the US embassy and consulates in Russia)。
自前俄英双重间谍(double agent)谢尔盖·斯克里帕利及其女儿尤利娅本月4日在英国索尔兹伯的一家购物中心里被发现失去意识(be found unconscious)以来，俄罗斯与西方国家的紧张局势急剧升级(tension between Russia and Western countries sharply escalated)。英美及其盟友指责俄罗斯对斯克里帕利采取化学攻击(accuse Moscow of launching a chemical attack against Skripal)，这些国家于本周早些时候陆续驱逐了大量俄外交人员。俄罗斯对控诉予以否认(deny allegations)，要求这些国家拿出确凿证据(solid evidence)。
5
New Rules For The Express Delivery Sector 快递业新规
New rules have been announced for the express delivery sector, demanding companies use eco-friendly, biodegradable and reusable packaging materials.
我国颁布快递业新规，要求企业使用环保、可生物降解、可重复利用的包装材料。
27日，我国第一部专门针对快递业的行业法规《快递暂行条例》(以下简称《条例》)出台，新规将自5月1日起施行(be set to take effect on May 1)。《条例》规定要加强消费者保护(improve the protection of consumers)、应对包括信息安全和包装废弃物等新问题(tackle emerging problems, including information security and packaging waste)。经营快递业务的企业及其从业人员(enterprises or individuals engaging in express delivery services)出售或泄露用户信息(sell or disclose users' information)，情节严重的将面临最高被处以10万元的罚款(face a maximum 100,000 yuan penalty)。此外，《条例》还规定快递服务企业要在七天内处理投诉问题(deal with complaints within seven days)，否则将受到行政处罚(administrative penalty)。
国家邮政局方面称，《条例》是在我国快递业实现发展的基础上制定的。数据显示，快递业近十年发展迅猛，2017年全国快递业务量完成了400.6亿件，是2007年的33.4倍，年均增长达到42%(average annual growth of 42%)，连续四年业务量位居世界第一(top the world for four straight years in terms of volume)。2017年我国快递业营收达4950亿元(see 495 billion yuan worth of revenue)。
6
Xi Jinping, Kim Jong Un hold talks 习近平同金正恩举行会谈
At the invitation of Xi Jinping, general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and Chinese president, Kim Jong Un, chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) and chairman of the State Affairs Commission of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), paid an unofficial visit to China from Sunday to Wednesday. During the visit, Xi held talks with Kim at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.
应中共中央总书记、国家主席习近平邀请，朝鲜劳动党委员长、国务委员会委员长金正恩于3月25日至28日对我国进行非正式访问。访问期间，习近平在人民大会堂同金正恩举行会谈。
The two leaders thoroughly exchanged views on the situation of the world and the Korean Peninsula.
双方领导人就国际和朝鲜半岛形势深入交换意见。
Xi said that positive changes had taken place on the Korean Peninsula since this year, and China appreciates the important efforts made by the DPRK. On the Korean Peninsula issue, Xi said that China sticks to the goal of denuclearization of the peninsula, safeguarding peace and stability on the peninsula and solving problems through dialogue and consultation. China calls on all parties to support the improvement of inter-Korean ties, and take concrete efforts to facilitate peace talks, said Xi, noting that China will continue to play constructive role on the issue and work with all parties, including the DPRK, toward the thaw of the situation on the peninsula.
习近平指出，今年以来，朝鲜半岛形势发生积极变化。朝方为此作出了重要努力，我们对此表示赞赏。在半岛问题上，我们坚持实现半岛无核化目标、维护半岛和平稳定、通过对话协商解决问题。我们呼吁各方支持半岛北南双方改善关系，共同为劝和促谈作出切实努力。中方愿在半岛问题上继续发挥建设性作用，同包括朝方在内的各方一道努力，共同推动半岛形势走向缓和。
Kim said that the situation on the Korean Peninsula is starting to get better, as the DPRK has taken the initiative to ease tensions and put forward proposals for peace talks. "It is our consistent stand to be committed to denuclearization on the peninsula, in accordance with the will of late President Kim Il Sung and late General Secretary Kim Jong Il," he said. Kim said that the DPRK is determined to transform the inter-Korean ties into a relationship of reconciliation and cooperation and hold summit between the heads of the two sides. The DPRK is willing to have dialogue with the United States and hold a summit of the two countries, he said. "The issue of denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula can be resolved, if south Korea and the United States respond to our efforts with goodwill, create an atmosphere of peace and stability while taking progressive and synchronous measures for the realization of peace," said Kim. The DPRK hopes to enhance strategic communication with China during the process, jointly safeguard the trend of consultation and dialogue as well as peace and stability on the peninsula, said Kim.
金正恩表示，当前朝鲜半岛形势开始向好发展。我们主动采取了措施缓和紧张局势，提出了和平对话建议。按照金日成主席和金正日总书记的遗训，致力于实现半岛无核化，是我们始终不变的立场。我们决心将北南关系转变为和解合作的关系，举行北南首脑会晤，愿意同美方对话，举行朝美首脑会晤。如果南朝鲜和美国以善意回应我们的努力，营造和平稳定的氛围，为实现和平采取阶段性、同步的措施，半岛无核化问题是能够得到解决的。在这一进程中，我们希望同中方加强战略沟通，共同维护协商对话势头和半岛和平稳定。
7
VAT cut 增值税减税
China will cut value-added tax rates as part of a tax reduction package amounting to 400 billion yuan ($63.58 billion) this year to drive high-quality development, a State Council executive meeting chaired by Premier Li Keqiang decided on Wednesday.
国务院总理李克强28日主持召开国务院常务会议，决定降低增值税税率，以促进高质量发展，全年减税规模将达4000亿元。
增值税（value-added tax，VAT）的主要特点是以销项税（output tax）减去进项税（input tax），让纳税人只为产品和服务的增值部分纳税。
会议决定，从2018年5月1日起：
一是将制造业等行业增值税税率从17%降至16%，将交通运输、建筑、基础电信服务等行业及农产品等货物的增值税税率从11%降至10%。
The tax rate for manufacturing will be lowered from 17 percent to 16 percent, and for transportation, construction, basic telecommunications services and farm produce from 11 percent to 10 percent.
二是统一增值税小规模纳税人标准。将工业企业和商业企业小规模纳税人的年销售额标准由50万元和80万元上调至500万元，并在一定期限内允许已登记为一般纳税人的企业转登记为小规模纳税人。
The meeting also decided to unify the standard for small-scale taxpayers, which raises the threshold of taxable annual sales volume for industrial and commercial enterprises from 500,000 yuan and 800,000 yuan, respectively, to 5 million yuan. Enterprises registered as general taxpayers will be allowed to switch their status to small-scale taxpayers within a given time.
三是对装备制造等先进制造业、研发等现代服务业符合条件的企业和电网企业在一定时期内未抵扣完的进项税额予以一次性退还。
As part of the tax cut package, eligible enterprises in advanced manufacturing, services and electric utilities shall receive a lump-sum refund for their initial input VAT payments yet to be deducted.
实施上述三项措施，全年将减轻市场主体税负超过4000亿元，内外资企业都将同等受益（this round of tax cuts will apply to all manufacturing companies, be they domestic companies, joint ventures or wholly foreign owned companies）。
来源：中国日报网
