白皮书：中美经贸磋商的中方立场

君子之国，先礼后兵。美国提出新的关税威胁后，国际社会普遍担忧中国可能取消赴美磋商计划，关注中美经贸磋商何去何从。中国从维护中美经贸关系的大局出发，保持理性、克制的态度，按照双方此前约定，于2019年5月9日至10日派出高级别代表团赴美进行第十一轮经贸磋商，展示与美国通过对话解决经贸分歧的最大诚意和负责任态度。中美双方进行了坦诚、建设性的交流，同意努力管控分歧，继续推进磋商。中国对美国单边加征关税的做法表达强烈反对，阐明严正立场，表示将不得不采取必要措施予以回击。中国再次强调，经贸协议必须是平等、互利的，在涉及中国核心利益的重大原则问题上决不会让步。双方达成协议的前提是美国取消全部加征关税，采购要符合实际，同时确保协议文本平衡，符合双方共同利益。微博@高斋翻硕；公众号：高斋外刊双语精读

A civilized country turns to forceful measures only when gentler approaches have failed. After the US issued the new tariff threat, the international community was widely concerned that China might cancel the consultation visit to the US. It kept a close watch on the future direction of the China-US trade negotiations. Bearing in mind the broader interests of trade and economic relations between the two countries, China remained cool-headed, exercised restraint, and sent a senior delegation to the US, as agreed, for the 11th round of economic and trade consultation from May 9 to 10. In doing so, China demonstrated the greatest sincerity and a strong sense of responsibility for resolving trade disputes through dialogue. In the following candid and constructive discussions, the two sides agreed to manage differences and continue consultations. China expressed strong opposition to the unilateral tariff increase by the US and stated its firm position that it would have to take necessary countermeasures. China emphasized once again that trade deals must be based on equality and mutual benefit. China will never compromise on major principles concerning China’s core interests. One prerequisite for a trade deal is that the US should remove all additional tariffs imposed on Chinese exports and China’s purchase of US goods should be realistic while ensuring that a proper balance in the text of the agreement is achieved to serve the common interests of both sides.

CATTI和MTI学习笔记：

1. A civilized country turns to forceful measures only when gentler approaches have failed. 君子之国，先礼后兵。

2. issue  美 [ˈɪʃuː] n. 重要议题;争论的问题;(有关某事的)问题，担忧;一期;期号v.宣布;公布;发出;(正式)发给，供给;(尤指通过正式文件)将……诉诸法律。 这里是提出的意思。

3. candid 美 [ˈkændɪd]  adj. 坦率的;坦诚的;直言不讳的;抢拍的，偷拍的(照片)。这里是坦诚的意思。

三、中国始终坚持平等、互利、诚信的磋商立场

III. China is committed to credible consultations based on equality and mutual benefit

中国政府始终认为，以贸易战相威胁，不断加征关税的做法无益于经贸问题的解决。中美应秉持相互尊重、平等互利的精神，本着善意和诚信，通过磋商解决问题，缩小分歧，扩大共同利益，共同维护全球经济稳定和发展。

The Chinese government rejects the idea that threats of a trade war and continuous tariff hikes can ever help resolve trade and economic issues. Guided by a spirit of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit, the two countries should push forward consultations based on good faith and credibility in a bid to address issues, narrow differences, expand common interests, and jointly safeguard global economic stability and development.

CATTI和MTI学习笔记：

1. trade war 贸易战

2. bid 美 [bɪd]  v. 出(价);(尤指拍卖中)喊价;投标;努力争取;企图获得n.买方的出价;投标;努力争取v. 向(某人)问候、道别等;告诉(某人做某事);吩咐。这里引申为了磋商的意思。

3. narrow differences 缩小分歧

（一）磋商要相互尊重、平等互利

(I) Consultations should be based on mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit

作为世界上最大的两个经济体和贸易大国，中美经贸合作中存在一些分歧是正常的，关键是如何增进互信、促进合作、管控分歧。中国从维护两国共同利益和世界贸易秩序大局出发，坚持通过对话协商解决问题，以最大的耐心和诚意回应美国提出的关切，以求同存异的态度妥善处理分歧，克服各种困难，提出务实解决方案，为推动双边经贸磋商作出艰苦努力。磋商过程中，中国始终秉持相互尊重、平等互利的原则，致力于推动达成双方都能接受的协议。

It is only natural for China and the US, the two largest economies and trading nations in the world, to experience some differences over trade and economic cooperation. What truly matters is how to enhance mutual trust, promote cooperation and manage differences. For the good of the common interests of the two countries and global trade order, and in a strenuous effort to push forward the economic and trade consultations, China remains committed to resolving issues through dialogue and consultation, responding to US concerns with the greatest patience and sincerity, properly handling differences while seeking common ground, and overcoming obstacles to practical solutions. During the consultations, in accordance with the principle of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit, China’s only intention is to reach a mutually acceptable deal.微博@高斋翻硕；公众号：高斋外刊双语精读

CATTI和MTI学习笔记：

1. mutual trust 互信

2. strenuous 美 [ˈstrenjuəs] adj.费力的;繁重的;艰苦的;劲头十足的;奋力的;顽强的。a strenuous effort 艰苦努力 

3. handling differences while seeking common ground 求同存异

相互尊重，就是要尊重对方社会制度、经济体制、发展道路和权利，尊重彼此核心利益和重大关切，不挑战“底线”，不逾越“红线”，不能以牺牲一方的发展权为代价，更不能损害一国的主权。平等互利，就是双方磋商的地位是平等的，磋商成果是互利的，最终达成的协议是双赢的。如果一方强压另一方进行谈判，或者谈判结果仅让单方得利，这样的谈判不会取得成功。

Mutual respect means that each side should respect the other’s social institutions, economic system, development path and rights, core interests, and major concerns. It also means that one side should not cross the other’s “red lines”. The right to development cannot be sacrificed, still the less can sovereignty be undermined. As regards equality and mutual benefit, we must ensure that the two sides in the consultations operate on an equal footing, that results are mutually beneficial, and that any final agreement is a win-win one. Negotiations will get nowhere if one side tries to coerce the other or if only one party will benefit from the outcomes.

CATTI和MTI学习笔记：

1. “red lines”  “红线”

2. footing  美 [ˈfʊtɪŋ]  n. 站稳;立足点;基础;地位;人际关系v. 走，踏;合计，结算（up），加（to），支付。这里是“地位”的意思。

3. coerce 美 [koʊˈɜːrs]  v. 强迫;胁迫;迫使。这里是“强压”的意思。

（二）磋商要相向而行、诚信为本

(II) Consultation involves working toward the same goal in good faith

磋商需要双方相互理解和共同努力。磋商是当事的相关方通过讨论，对面临的问题寻求共识或者相互妥协的过程。磋商期间的变量很多。各方从自身利益出发，在不同阶段对各种变化做出不同反应，这是磋商的常态。中国政府认为，经贸磋商是寻求解决问题的有效途径。各方只有在磋商过程中都抱着善意的态度，充分理解对方立场，才能为磋商获得成功创造良好条件。否则，就无法形成达成长期有效协议的基础，难以达成可持续、可执行的协议。

Consultation calls for mutual understanding and genuine effort from both sides. Consultation is a process where the parties concerned seek consensus or make compromise through discussion. Many factors are at play in consultation. It is perfectly normal during consultations for the parties to react differently to various changes at different stages based on their own interests. The Chinese government believes that economic and trade consultation is an effective way to solve issues. None other than engagement with goodwill and a full understanding of the other’s position can contribute to success. Otherwise, it will be hard to reach a sustainable and enforceable deal as the parties will not find the ground for a long-term and effective agreement.微博@高斋翻硕；公众号：高斋外刊双语精读

CATTI和MTI学习笔记：

1. seek consensus  寻求共识

2. ground  美 [ɡraʊnd]  n.地;地面;土;土地;土壤;开阔地;空旷地v.(使)搁浅，触海底;使停飞;阻止……起飞;罚(儿童)不准出门adj.磨细的;磨碎的。 这里引申为了基础的意思。

3. a sustainable and enforceable deal 可持续、可执行的协议

诚信是磋商的基础。中国政府始终以诚信为本，抱着极大的诚意与美国政府进行磋商。中国高度重视美国关切，努力寻找化解双方分歧的有效途径和办法。双方已举行的11轮高级别经贸磋商取得重大进展，这些磋商成果既符合中国利益，也符合美国利益，是双方共同努力、相向而行的结果。中国在磋商中讲信用重承诺，并多次强调，如双方达成协议，中国对所作的承诺一定会认真、切实履行。

Good faith is the foundation of consultation. The Chinese government has engaged in these consultations with the US with the utmost credibility and the greatest sincerity. Attaching great importance to US concerns, China has worked hard to look for effective paths and find ways to address differences. The 11 rounds of high-level consultations have made significant progress. The outcomes of the consultations have not only served the interests of China, but also those of the US, as a result of both sides’ efforts to pull in the same direction. China has kept its word during the consultations. China has emphasized repeatedly that if a trade agreement is reached, it will honor its commitments sincerely and faithfully.

CATTI和MTI学习笔记：

1. attach great importance to 高度重视

2. The 11 rounds of high-level consultations 11轮高级别经贸磋商

3. pull 美 [pʊl]  v.拉;拽;扯;拖;拔出;抽出;(向某方向)拖，拉动n.拉;拽;扯;力;引力;磁力;吸引力;诱惑;影响。to pull in the same direction 相向而行

（三）中国在原则问题上决不让步 

(III) China will not give ground on issues of principle

任何国家都有自己的原则。磋商中，一国的主权和尊严必须得到尊重，双方达成的协议应是平等互利的。对于重大原则问题，中国决不退让。中美双方都应看到并承认国家发展的差异性、阶段性，尊重对方发展道路和基本制度。既不能指望通过一个协议解决所有的问题，也需要确保协议同时满足双方的需求，实现协议的平衡性。

Every country has its own matters of principle. During consultations, a country’s sovereignty and dignity must be respected, and any agreement reached by the two sides must be based on equality and mutual benefit. On major issues of principle, China will not back down. Both China and the US should see and recognize their countries’ differences in national development and in stage of development, and respect each other’s development path and basic institutions. While no one expects to resolve all issues through one single agreement, it is necessary to ensure that any agreement will satisfy the needs of both sides and achieve a balance.

CATTI和MTI学习笔记：

1. dignity  美 [ˈdɪɡnəti]  n.庄重;庄严;尊严;尊贵;高贵;高尚;自豪;自尊;自重。

2. back down 美 [bæk daʊn] 放弃（主张、要求、承诺等）;打退堂鼓。这里引申为了退让的意思。

3. respect each other’s development path and basic institutions 尊重对方发展道路和基本制度

美国近期宣布提高对华加征关税，不利于解决双边经贸问题，中国对此强烈反对，不得不作出反应，维护自身合法权益。中国的立场和态度是一贯的、明确的，中国希望通过对话而不是关税措施解决问题。为了中国人民的利益，为了美国人民的利益，为了全世界人民的利益，中国会理性对待，但是中国不会畏惧任何压力，也做好准备迎接任何挑战。谈，大门敞开；打，奉陪到底。

The recent US move to increase tariffs on Chinese exports does not help to solve bilateral trade issues. China strongly opposes this and has to respond to safeguard its lawful rights and interests. China has been consistent and clear on its position, that it hopes to resolve issues through dialogue rather than tariff measures. China will act rationally in the interests of the Chinese people, the American people, and all other peoples around the world. However, China will not bow under pressure and will rise to any challenge coming its way. China is open to negotiation, but will also fight to the end if needed.

CATTI和MTI学习笔记：

1. bilateral trade issues 双边经贸问题

2. lawful rights and interests 合法权益

3. China will not bow under pressure 中国不会畏惧任何压力

（四）任何挑战都挡不住中国前进的步伐

(IV) No challenge will hold back China’s development

中国的发展不会一帆风顺，必然会有艰难险阻甚至惊涛骇浪。面对各种风险和挑战，中国有信心迎难而上，化危为机，开拓一片新天地。

China’s development may not be all smooth sailing. Difficulties or even perils are inevitable. Whatever the future might bring, China is confident of meeting challenges head on, turning risks into opportunities, and opening new chapters.

无论形势如何发展变化，中国都坚持做好自己的事情。通过改革开放发展壮大自己，是应对经贸摩擦的根本之道。中国国内市场需求巨大，供给侧结构性改革的推进将带来产品和企业竞争力的全面提升，财政和货币政策有充分空间，中国能保持经济持续健康发展的良好态势，经济前景非常乐观。

China remains committed to its own cause no matter how the external environment changes. The fundamental solution to economic and trade tensions is to grow stronger through reform and opening up. With the enormous demand from the domestic market, deeper supply-side structural reform will comprehensively enhance the competitiveness of Chinese products and companies. We still have sufficient room for fiscal and monetary policy maneuvers. China can maintain sound momentum for sustainable and healthy economic development, and its economic prospects are bright.

CATTI和MTI学习笔记：

1. meeting challenges head on  迎难而上

2. turning risks into opportunities 化危为机

3. fiscal and monetary policy maneuvers 财政和货币政策

中国将继续深化改革开放，中国的大门不会关上，只会越开越大。习近平主席在第二届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛开幕式主旨演讲中宣布，中国将采取一系列重大改革开放举措，加强制度性、结构性安排，促进更高水平对外开放，包括更广领域扩大外资市场准入、更大力度加强知识产权保护国际合作、更大规模增加商品和服务进口、更加有效实施国际宏观经济政策协调、更加重视对外开放政策贯彻落实。一个更加开放的中国，将同世界形成更加良性的互动，带来更加进步和繁荣的中国和世界。

China will continue to deepen reform and opening up. China’s door will not be closed; it will only open even wider. President Xi Jinping announced in his keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the Second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation that China would adopt a number of major reform and opening-up measures, strengthen institutional and structural arrangements, and promote opening up at a higher level. Measures to be taken include expanding market access for foreign investment in broader areas, strengthening international cooperation on intellectual property protection, increasing imports of goods and services, implementing more effective international coordination on macro-economic policies, and putting more focus on the implementation of opening-up policies. A more open China will have more positive interactions with the world, which in turn will advance the development and prosperity of both China and the world. 

CATTI和MTI学习笔记：

1. the Second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 第二届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛

2. market access for foreign investment  外资市场准入

3. intellectual property protection  知识产权保护

结束语

Conclusion 

合作是中美两国唯一正确选择，共赢才能通向更好的未来。在中美经贸磋商总的方向上，中国不是向后看，而是向前看。双方在经贸领域的分歧和摩擦，最终需要通过对话和磋商来解决。中美达成一个互利双赢的协议，符合中美两国利益，顺应世界各国期待。希望美国同中国相向而行，本着相互尊重、平等互利的精神，管控经贸分歧，加强经贸合作，共同推进以协调、合作、稳定为基调的中美关系，增进两国和世界人民福祉。

Cooperation is the only correct choice for China and the US and win-win is the only path to a better future. As to where the China-US economic and trade consultations are heading, China is looking forward, not backward. Disputes and conflicts on the trade and economic front, at the end of the day, need to be solved through dialogue and consultation. Striking a mutually beneficial and win-win agreement serves the interests of China and the US and meets the expectations of the world. It is hoped that the US can pull in the same direction with China and, in a spirit of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit, manage economic and trade differences, strengthen trade and economic cooperation, and jointly advance China-US relations based on coordination, cooperation and stability for the well-being of both nations and the world. 微博@高斋翻硕；公众号：高斋外刊双语精读

CATTI和MTI学习笔记：

1. strike 美 [straɪk]  v.撞;碰;撞击;碰撞;打;击;击打，踢(球等)n.罢工;罢课;罢市;军事进攻;袭击;(尤指)空袭;击;打;踢。Striking a mutually beneficial and win-win agreement 达成一个互利双赢的协议这里可以引申理解为达成协议的意思。

2. China-US relations based on coordination, cooperation and stability 以协调、合作、稳定为基调的中美关系

3. the well-being of the world 世界人民福祉