双语：关于2024年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况与2025年国民经济和社会发展计划草案的报告

REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2024 PLAN FOR NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND ON THE 2025 DRAFT PLAN FOR NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

（获取完整版全文word和pdf文件，关注公众号：高斋CATTI，公众号对话框留言“经济报告”领取。）

——2025年3月5日在第十四届全国人民代表大会第三次会议上

Third Session of the 14th National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China

2025年3月5日

March 5, 2025

国家发展和改革委员会

National Development and Reform Commission

各位代表：

Esteemed Deputies,

受国务院委托，现将2024年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况与2025年国民经济和社会发展计划草案提请十四届全国人大三次会议审查，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。

The National Development and Reform Commission has been entrusted by the State Council to submit this report on the implementation of the 2024 plan and on the 2025 draft plan for national economic and social development to the Third Session of the 14th National People’s Congress (NPC) for deliberation. The Commission also invites comments from members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).

一、2024年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况

I. Implementation of the 2024 Plan for National Economic and Social Development

2024年是中华人民共和国成立75周年，是实现“十四五”规划目标任务的关键一年。

The year 2024 marked the 75th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and was a crucial year for accomplishing the objectives and tasks set forth in the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021–2025).

一年来，面对外部压力加大、内部困难增多的复杂严峻形势，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，各地区各部门坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻党的二十大和二十届二中、三中全会精神，按照党中央、国务院决策部署，认真执行十四届全国人大二次会议审查批准的2024年国民经济和社会发展计划，落实全国人大财政经济委员会审查意见，

This past year, China faced a complex and challenging situation of increasing external pressure and domestic difficulties. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, all localities and government departments followed the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and fully implemented the guiding principles from the 20th CPC National Congress and the second and third plenary sessions of the 20th CPC Central Committee. In accordance with the decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, we faithfully implemented the 2024 plan for national economic and social development reviewed and approved at the Second Session of the 14th NPC, and we adopted the NPC Financial and Economic Affairs Committee’s suggestions based on its review of the 2024 plan.

迎难而上、奋力前行，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，完整准确全面贯彻新发展理念，加快构建新发展格局，全面深化改革开放，加大宏观调控力度，我国经济运行总体平稳、稳中有进，全年经济社会发展主要目标任务顺利完成，高质量发展扎实推进，新质生产力稳步发展，民生保障扎实有力，我国经济实力、科技实力、综合国力持续增强，中国式现代化迈出新的坚实步伐。

Forging ahead regardless of difficulties, we stayed true to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability. We fully and faithfully applied the new development philosophy on all fronts and moved faster to create a new pattern of development. We deepened reform and opening up across the board and strengthened macro regulation. As a result, the economy remained generally stable while achieving steady growth. The main goals and tasks for economic and social development in 2024 were accomplished. Solid headway was made in pursuing high-quality development and fostering new quality productive forces. The people’s wellbeing was effectively ensured. China’s economic strength, scientific and technological capabilities, and composite national strength continued to rise, and solid new strides were made in advancing Chinese modernization.

（一）因时因势加强和创新宏观调控，推动经济回升向好。

1. We took more robust and innovative measures in conducting macro regulation in light of evolving conditions, boosting economic recovery and growth.

扎实开展宏观政策逆周期调节，加大政策力度，释放政策效能，特别是9月26日中央政治局会议果断部署一揽子增量政策，市场预期、社会信心有效提振，四季度经济明显回升。

In making counter-cyclical adjustments through macro policies, we adopted more policies and strived to unleash the potential of our policies. In particular, we put into practice a package of new policies that was decisively decided on by the Central Committee Political Bureau at a meeting on September 26. As a result, market expectations and public confidence were elevated, and the economy rebounded markedly in the fourth quarter.

全年国内生产总值（GDP）134.9万亿元、增长5%，其中，一、二、三产业分别增长3.5%、5.3%、5%。

In 2024, China’s gross domestic product (GDP) reached 134.9 trillion yuan, up 5%; the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries grew by 3.5%, 5.3%, and 5% respectively.

一是宏观政策效果持续显现。

1) Macro policies continued to deliver positive outcomes.

聚焦突出问题，围绕加力提效实施宏观政策、扩大国内有效需求、加大助企帮扶力度、推动房地产市场止跌回稳、提振资本市场等方面，深入贯彻落实一揽子增量政策，打出一套“组合拳”，强化存量和增量政策合力，推动需求较快回升，生产增长加快。

With a focus on prominent issues, we worked to implement more proactive and effective macro policies, expand effective domestic demand, step up support to enterprises, reverse the downward trend and restore stability in the real estate market, and invigorate the capital market. We fully implemented the package of new policies and rolled out a combination of measures, improving the synergy between policies already adopted and new ones. In doing so, we achieved a rapid recovery in demand and accelerated growth of production.

有力实施财政货币政策。

We made a strong push to implement fiscal and monetary policies and ensured funding for key areas.

重点领域财政支出得到保障，新增地方政府专项债务限额3.9万亿元，扩大专项债券投向领域和用作项目资本金范围，支持地方加大重点领域补短板力度。

To help local governments shore up weaknesses in key areas, we raised the ceiling for local government special-purpose bonds by 3.9 trillion yuan and expanded the range of areas and uses to which such funds can be channeled.

保持流动性合理充裕，社会融资成本进一步降低，建立支持小微企业融资协调工作机制。

We maintained adequate liquidity at a proper level, realized a reduction in overall financing costs, and put in place a work coordination mechanism to support the fundraising of micro and small businesses.

二是发行超长期特别国债支持“两重”建设取得积极进展。

2) The issuance of ultra-long special treasury bonds helped secure progress in implementing major national strategies and enhancing security capacity in key areas.

着眼于系统解决强国建设、民族复兴进程中一些重大项目建设的资金问题，从2024年起发行超长期特别国债支持国家重大战略和重点领域安全能力建设。

To systematically address funding shortages facing some major projects instrumental in building a great country and advancing national rejuvenation, ultra-long special treasury bonds were issued to help implement major national strategies and enhance security capacity in key areas, starting from the year 2024.

坚持自上而下、软硬结合，建立实施项目储备、集中联审、专款专用、强化监督等全链条推进保障机制。

As we persisted with top-to-bottom planning and the integration of “hard investment” and “soft development,” we established and implemented a whole-process management mechanism to advance work on and ensure funding for projects, which covered the selection of potential projects, coordinated joint review, the use of designated funds for fixed purposes, and stronger oversight.

“硬投资”方面，严格做好项目筛选，2024年安排7000亿元超长期特别国债支持1465个重大项目建设，项目基本全部开工、全年完成投资超过1.2万亿元。

In terms of “hard investment,” we adopted projects in strict compliance with relevant standards, arranging 700 billion yuan of ultra-long bonds to support the development of 1,465 major projects in 2024. Almost all of these projects were launched successfully, amounting to over 1.2 trillion yuan of investment for the whole year.

“软建设”方面，坚持项目建设和配套改革相结合，扎实推进规划编制、政策制定和体制机制改革创新，不断完善投入机制、提高投入效率。

In terms of “soft development,” we simultaneously progressed with the construction of projects and introduction of supporting reform measures, pushing forward reform and innovation in the formulation of plans and policies as well as in institutions and mechanisms and continuously improving investment mechanisms and efficiency.

规范项目全过程管理方面，出台“两重”建设有关管理办法，督促项目加快开工建设，严格资金监管，加强监测调度和现场监督检查，确保建成优质工程、精品工程、放心工程。

In terms of whole-process project management, we introduced new management methods with regard to implementing major national strategies and enhancing security capacity in key areas, worked to see that construction of new projects begin as soon as possible, exercised strict supervision over funds, and strengthened monitoring, coordination, and on-site oversight and inspection, so as to develop high-standard quality projects that satisfy the people’s expectations.

三是大规模设备更新和消费品以旧换新政策落地见效。

3) Policies on promoting large-scale equipment upgrades and consumer goods trade-ins were effectively implemented and achieved real results.

印发“两新”行动方案，出台工业、建筑市政、交通、农业、教育、文旅、医疗等七大领域设备更新实施方案和消费品以旧换新、回收循环利用、标准提升引领行动方案。

We printed and distributed an action plan for promoting large-scale equipment upgrades and consumer goods trade-ins, issued an implementation plan for upgrading equipment in the seven areas of industry, construction and municipal facilities, transportation, agriculture, education, culture and tourism, and medical care, and launched an action plan for encouraging trade-ins, recycling, and elevated standards for consumer goods.

安排3000亿元超长期特别国债加力支持“两新”工作。

A total of 300 billion yuan of ultra-long special treasury bonds were issued in support of large-scale equipment upgrading and consumer goods trade-in programs.

2024年，“两新”政策带动全国设备工器具购置投资增长15.7%，高于固定资产投资（不含农户）增速12.5个百分点；限额以上单位家用电器和音像器材类、家具类商品零售额分别增长12.3%、3.6%，带动大宗耐用消费品销售额超过1.

Last year, policies in this regard drove an increase of 15.7% in investment in the purchase of equipment and machinery nationwide, 12.5 percentage points higher than the growth of fixed asset investment (excluding rural households). Retail sales in home appliances and audiovisual equipment for enterprises above a designated size increased by 12.3%, while furniture sales grew by 3.6%, the combined total of which drove sales of big-ticket consumer durables to exceed 1.3 trillion yuan.

3万亿元；消费品以旧换新活动中，新能源汽车销量占比超过60%，一级能效家电销售额占比超过90%。

Of all the consumers participating in trade-in programs, over 60% car-buyers chose to use their old car as a trade-in for a new energy vehicle (NEV), and more than 90% consumers chose a trade-in for the most energy-efficient home appliances .

四是政策协调和预期引导不断增强。

4) Intensified efforts were made to improve policy coordination and guide public expectations.

健全宏观政策取向一致性评估机制，加强各类政策统筹协调，确保同向发力、形成合力。

We refined the mechanism for evaluating consistency of macro policy orientation and strengthened coordination between different policies to ensure that all our policies are synergistic and properly aligned.

多渠道多角度多层次开展经济形势和重大政策宣传解读，主动回应社会关切。

In a proactive response to the people’s concerns, we communicated the state of the economy and major policies to the public through various channels, from multiple perspectives, and at different levels.

（二）进一步全面深化改革，发展动力活力不断增强。

2. We further deepened reform comprehensively, bolstering the dynamism and vitality of development.

认真落实党的二十届三中全会部署的重要改革举措，深化经济体制改革，经济发展内生动力、创新活力持续激发。

We earnestly implemented the major reform measures adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, including those for deepening economic structural reform, which further boosted the internal driving forces and innovation vitality for economic growth.

一是“两个毫不动摇”要求进一步落实落细。

1) The requirement on developing both the public and non-public sectors was fully implemented.

深入实施国有企业改革深化提升行动。

We advanced the initiative to deepen and upgrade state-owned enterprise (SOE) reform.

深化国有经济布局优化和结构调整，健全国有企业投资管理制度，完善国有企业分类考核评价体系。

More efforts were made to improve the layout and adjust structure of the state-owned sector, refine the SOE investment management system, and improve the category-based SOE evaluation system.

加快推动民营经济促进法立法。

The formulation of a private sector promotion law was expedited.

建立促进民营经济发展壮大部际联席会议制度，健全国家、省、市、县多层级政企常态化沟通交流和问题解决机制，上线运行民营经济发展综合服务平台，帮助民营企业解决实际问题。

To help private enterprises resolve the practical problems they face, an inter-ministerial joint meeting mechanism for promoting the growth and expansion of the private sector was established, improvements were made to the mechanism for regular government-business communication and problem solving involving the national, provincial, municipal, and county levels, and a comprehensive online service platform for the private sector began operation.

开展清理拖欠企业账款专项行动。

Special initiatives were launched to settle overdue payments owed to enterprises.

支持专精特新中小企业发展，累计培育“小巨人”企业1.46万家。

We supported the development of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that use specialized and sophisticated technologies to produce novel and unique products, bringing the number of “little giant” enterprises to 14,600.

传承弘扬“晋江经验”，实施新时代民营企业家培养赋能计划，大力弘扬企业家精神。

We championed the “Jinjiang experience,” facilitated the fostering of private entrepreneurs in the new era, and vigorously promoted entrepreneurship.

出台完善中国特色现代企业制度的意见，加快培育世界一流企业。

Guidelines on improving the modern corporate system with distinctive Chinese features were issued, and efforts were hastened to nurture world-class enterprises.

二是全国统一大市场建设有力有效。

2) Strong and effective measures were taken to develop a unified national market.

出台全国统一大市场建设指引，试点开展经营主体活动发生地统计。

We released a guideline for building a unified national market and carried out trials for statistics collection based on the places where market entities conduct business.

京津冀、长三角、成渝等地区率先启动推进区域市场一体化探索实践。

Such regions as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone took the lead in exploring regional market integration.

提升商品市场联通水平，破除跨互联网平台间结算壁垒。

The commodity market became better connected, and the barriers for account settlement between internet platforms were removed.

统一的要素资源市场建设深入推进。

Progress continued in building a unified market for production factors and resources.

多层次多品类多功能的全国统一电力市场体系初步形成。

A multi-tiered, multi-functional unified national electricity market covering a wide variety of products began to take shape.

规范地方招商引资行为。

Steps taken by local governments to attract investment were brought under prescribed regulations.

推动招标投标市场规范健康发展，制定评标专家和评标专家库管理办法。

We encouraged well-regulated, healthy development of the bidding market and formulated measures for the management of bid evaluation experts and expert pools.

开展重点领域突出问题专项治理，一批地方保护、市场分割问题得到解决。

We adopted targeted steps to address prominent problems in key areas, resolving a group of cases regarding local protection and market segmentation.

规范涉企行政检查，规范和监督罚款设定与实施，开展涉企违规收费专项整治。

We regulated administrative inspections on enterprises, standardized the setting and enforcement of fines and tightened oversight in this respect, and carried out initiatives to end unjustified charges on enterprises.

发布全国优化营商环境创新实践案例，启动京津冀一流营商环境建设三年行动。

We publicized exemplary cases of innovation in improving the business environment from across the country and launched a three-year drive to create a world-class business environment in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

依法办理涉企行政复议案件7.9万件，纠正侵犯企业合法权益的违法或不当行政行为6516件，助力营造法治化营商环境。

A total of 79,000 administrative review cases involving enterprises were handled in accordance with the law, and illegal or inappropriate administrative actions infringing upon the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises were rectified in 6,516 cases, all of which helped to foster a law-based business environment.

三是市场经济基础制度不断健全。

3) The systems underpinning the market economy were continuously improved.

出台完善市场准入制度的意见，全面开展市场准入效能评估。

Guidelines on improving the market access system were issued, and evaluations of market entry efficiency were conducted across the board.

实施知识产权保护体系建设工程，全面推进专利转化运用专项行动，推进知识产权民事、行政、刑事案件“三合一”审判机制改革。

An initiative was launched to build up the system for protecting intellectual property rights (IPR), the initiative to promote the practical application of patents was fully implemented, and reform was advanced to integrate prosecutorial powers over civil, administrative, and criminal cases involving IPR.

深化农村集体产权制度改革，深化农村集体经营性建设用地入市试点。

We deepened reform of the rural collective property rights system and expanded trials on the market-based transfer of rural collective land designated for business-related construction.

出台实施公平竞争审查条例。加强反垄断和反不正当竞争监管执法。

We introduced the regulations on fair competition review, took stronger action against monopolies and unfair competition, and strengthened law enforcement in this regard.

完善信用修复机制，加强跨部门信用修复结果互认。

We refined the credit repair mechanism and promoted mutual recognition of credit restoration results between departments.

四是重点领域改革走深走实。

4) Reforms in major areas were deepened and consolidated.

推动出台增值税法。

We promoted the issuance of a value added tax law.

水资源费改税进入全面试点阶段。

Trials to replace the water resource fee with a tax were extended nationwide.

出台加强监管防范风险推动保险业、资本市场、期货市场高质量发展的意见。

Guidelines on strengthening oversight against risks to promote the high-quality development of the insurance sector, the capital market, and futures markets were released.

推动中长期资金入市，完善股份减持、量化交易、融券等制度规则和监管措施。

We worked to promote the entry of medium- and long-term capital into the market and improved the institutional rules and oversight measures regarding reducing holdings, quantitative trading, and securities lending in the stock market.

健全自然垄断环节监管体制机制。

We improved the system and mechanism for regulating sectors of natural monopoly.

大力推进绿证绿电市场建设，绿证核发和绿电交易基本实现全覆盖。

As a result of vigorous efforts in market building, green electricity certificates and green electricity trading are now applied to electricity generated from basically all types of renewable energy resources.

完善价格治理机制，推进电价市场化改革，健全成品油管道运输价格机制，深化公用事业和公共服务价格改革，建立公共数据资源授权运营价格形成机制，新增近8000万亩耕地灌溉面积实施农业水价综合改革。

In refining the pricing regulation mechanism, we advanced the market-based pricing reform for electricity, improved the pricing mechanism for pipeline transportation of refined petroleum products, further reformed the prices of public utilities and services, established a pricing mechanism for authorized operation of public data resources, and extended the comprehensive price reform of water for agricultural use to irrigation in nearly 5.33 million hectares of cropland.

深圳综合改革试点首批授权事项全面落地、新一批授权事项有序实施，浦东新区、厦门综合改革试点首批授权事项多数形成落地场景。

The first batch of authorized items for the comprehensive pilot reform to make Shenzhen a pioneering demonstration zone for socialism with Chinese characteristics were fully implemented, and a subsequent new batch of items were launched in an orderly manner. Most of the first batch of authorized items for comprehensive pilot reforms in Shanghai Pudong New Area and Xiamen were also implemented.

党政机关和国有企事业单位培训疗养机构改革全面完成。

Reform of training and rest and recuperation (R&R) facilities belonging to Party and government agencies, SOEs, and public institutions was completed across the board.

稳妥有序实施渐进式延迟法定退休年龄改革，出台实施弹性退休制度暂行办法。

The reform to gradually raise the statutory retirement age was carried out in a prudent and orderly manner, and the interim measures for implementing a flexible retirement system were issued.

（三）深入实施创新驱动发展战略，创新引领作用进一步发挥。

3. We fully implemented the innovation-driven development strategy, with innovation playing a greater role in leading development.

加快健全支持全面创新的基础制度，科技成果加速向现实生产力转化。

We accelerated efforts to improve the foundational system for all-around innovation and sped up the translation of technological advances into higher productivity.

全员劳动生产率17.4万元/人、实际增长4.

Per capita labor productivity reached 174,000 yuan, a 4.9% increase in real terms.

9%，全社会研究与试验发展（R&D）经费投入3.6万亿元、实际增长8%，基础研究经费投入占研发经费投入比重为6.91%，每万人口高价值发明专利拥有量达到14件。

Spending on research and development (R&D) hit 3.6 trillion yuan, an increase of 8% in real terms. Investment in basic research accounted for 6.91% of the country’s total R&D spending, and the number of high-value invention patents per 10,000 people reached 14.

一是科技创新体系持续健全。

1) The scientific and technological innovation system was steadily improved.

充分发挥新型举国体制优势，强化国家战略科技力量，全面启动实施国家科技重大专项。

We fully leveraged the new system for mobilizing resources nationwide, intensified efforts to develop China’s strategic science and technology resources, and fully launched major national science and technology programs.

国家实验室体系建设稳步推进。

We made steady progress in building up the system of national laboratories.

加快推进重大科技基础设施体系化建设，提升全生命周期管理水平，已有39个设施投入运行。

We expedited the systematic development of major science and technology infrastructure facilities and refined their full life-cycle management, with 39 of such facilities already in operation.

健全企业主导的产学研深度融合体系，推动建立企业研发准备金制度，支持创业投资高质量发展，培育壮大科技领军企业、专精特新中小企业，企业科技创新主体地位不断强化。

We improved the system of enterprise-led collaboration between industries, universities, and research institutes, worked toward a reserve fund system for corporate R&D, supported the high-quality development of venture capital, and helped nurture and bolster leading high-tech enterprises and SMEs that use specialized and sophisticated technologies to produce novel and unique products. Thanks to these efforts, the principal role of enterprises in innovation has been continually reinforced.

二是重大创新成果持续涌现。

2) Major innovations emerged one after another.

“嫦娥六号”在人类历史上首次实现月球背面采样返回。

The Chang’e-6 mission achieved humanity’s first-ever sample collection from the far side of the moon.

“空间环境地面模拟装置”建成投用。

The Space Environment Simulation and Research Infrastructure facility was completed and put into operation.

我国首艘超深水大洋钻探船“梦想”号建成入列。第五座南极考察站秦岭站开站。

China’s first deep-ocean drilling vessel, Mengxiang, was delivered and commissioned, and its fifth scientific outpost in Antarctica, the Qinling Station, was opened.

集成电路全产业链核心技术加速突破，鸿蒙操作系统生态蓬勃发展。

Breakthroughs in key technologies throughout the industrial chain of integrated circuits were achieved at a faster pace, while the Hongmeng operating system (HarmonyOS) continued to develop rapidly.

第三代自主超导量子计算机“本源悟空”上线运行。

China’s self-developed third-generation superconducting quantum computer, called Origin Wukong, went online.

祖冲之3.0处理器在量子计算优越性测试上建立新优势。

The Zuchongzhi 3.0 processor achieved a new high in a quantum computing test.

在全球首次发现引力子激发。

Chinese scientists have for the first time found experimental evidence of a graviton-like particle.

水冷磁体技术打破世界纪录，碳基新材料领域取得原创性突破。

China set a new world record for magnetic field strength with its water-cooled magnets and achieved original breakthroughs in new carbon-based materials.

人工智能大模型实现突破。

Fresh breakthroughs were made in large-scale artificial intelligence (AI) models.

人形机器人等智能终端新业态加速涌现。

Humanoid robots and other intelligent terminals for new forms of business continued emerging at a rapid pace.

1000千瓦级民用涡轴发动机取得型号合格证，300兆瓦级F级重型燃气轮机完成首次满负荷试验，全球最大26兆瓦级海上风力发电机组总装下线。

The 1,000-kilowatt civil aviation turboshaft engine acquired its type certification, the 300-megawatt F-class heavy-duty gas turbine completed its first full-load test, and the world’s largest 26-megawatt offshore wind turbine rolled off the assembly line.

第三代自主产权核电“国和一号”示范工程首堆建成投运。

The first nuclear power demonstration project employing our country’s home-grown third-generation nuclear reactor, Guohe One, was completed and put into operation.

时速450公里的CR450中国标准高速动车组完成设计制造。

CR450 Chinese standard high-speed electric multiple unit (EMU) trains running at 450 km/h were successfully designed and manufactured.

全球最大无人货运飞机总装下线。

The largest unmanned cargo aircraft in the world rolled off the production line.

三是教育科技人才一体推进迈出新步伐。

3) New strides were made in pursuing integrated development of education, scientific and technological innovation, and talent training.

完善人才培养与经济社会发展需求适配机制，深化高等教育综合改革，扩大基础学科和国家关键急需领域研究生培养规模。

We improved the mechanisms for adapting talent cultivation to the demands of economic and social development, deepened comprehensive higher-education reform, and expanded the enrollment of graduate students in basic disciplines and in key areas where talents are urgently needed in China.

制定促进各类创新主体协同联动、创新要素顺畅流动与优化配置的政策。

We rolled out polices on facilitating the interaction and coordination between various key players in innovation as well as the free flow and efficient allocation of innovation factors.

深化科技成果赋权改革。

We continued reforms to grant researchers corresponding rights over their scientific and technological outputs.

深入推进科技人才分类评价改革，加强青年科技人才全链条培养。

We promoted the reform for category-based talent evaluation and adopted whole-of-chain approaches to cultivating young scientists and engineers.

（四）积极激发消费活力、提高投资效益，内需潜力不断释放。

4. We worked actively to stimulate consumption and improve investment returns, consistently unlocking the potential of domestic demand.

全年社会消费品零售总额增长3.5%，固定资产投资（不含农户）增长3.

In 2024, total retail sales of consumer goods increased by 3.5%, and nationwide fixed-asset investment (excluding rural households) grew by 3.2%.

2%，最终消费支出、资本形成总额对经济增长的贡献率分别为44.5%、25.2%。

Final consumption expenditures and gross capital formation accounted for 44.5% and 25.2% of economic growth respectively.

一是实物消费稳定扩大。

1) Consumer spending on physical products increased steadily.

积极促进住房、汽车、电子产品、家具家装等大宗消费。

We vigorously promoted spending on big-ticket items such as housing, automobiles, electronic products, furniture, and home renovation.

将全国层面商业性个人住房贷款最低首付比例统一降至15%，取消全国层面商业性个人住房贷款利率政策下限，降低存量房贷利率和个人住房公积金贷款利率，降低住房交易、开发环节的税收负担，四季度全国新房、二手房交易网签面积环比分别增长21.6%、7.7%。

The minimum down payment ratios for individuals’ commercial housing loans nationwide were uniformly lowered to 15%, and the policy floor level of interest rates for such loans was abolished. We also reduced the interest rates for outstanding mortgages as well as home loans granted through individual housing provident funds. The tax burden during housing transactions and development was alleviated. As a result, in the fourth quarter of 2024, the nationwide total area for online signed transactions of new and second-hand homes respectively registered quarter-on-quarter growths of 21.6% and 7.7%.

开展新能源汽车促消费活动，全年汽车销量达3143.6万辆、增长4.5%，其中，新能源汽车销量达1287万辆、增长35.5%，市场占有率达40.9%。

We launched programs to boost consumption of new energy vehicles. Throughout the year, 31.436 million automobiles were sold, an increase of 4.5%; sales of NEVs totaled 12.87 million, up 35.5%, and the market share of NEVs reached 40.9%.

发布升级和创新消费品指南（轻工第十一批）。

A guide to upgrades and innovations in consumer goods (light industry, 11th batch) was released.

深入推动新能源汽车、绿色建材、绿色智能家电等下乡，乡村消费品零售额增长4.3%。

We intensified efforts to encourage the purchase of NEVs, green building materials, and green and smart home appliances in rural areas.

直播带货、即时零售等新业态带动作用持续发挥，实物商品网上零售额达12.8万亿元、增长6.5%。

Rural retail sales in consumer goods grew by 4.3% compared with last year. New forms of business, such as livestreaming e-commerce and instant-delivery online retail, continued to spur consumption. Online sales of physical products reached 12.8 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 6.5%.

二是服务消费增长较快。

2) Service consumption grew rapidly.

出台促进服务消费高质量发展的意见，完善服务消费支持政策。

Guidelines on promoting the high-quality development of consumer services and service consumption were released, and relevant policies were improved to support consumer spending on services.

全年服务零售额增长6.2%、高于商品零售额增速3个百分点。

Last year, retail sales in services grew by 6.2%, 3 percentage points higher than sales growth in goods.

完善全国年节及纪念日放假办法，新增2天法定节假日。

We improved regulations regarding national holidays and memorial days, and two new days were added as statutory holidays.

出台促进文化和旅游消费的支持政策，大力发展县域旅游、冰雪旅游、研学旅游、红色旅游、旅游列车等，国内出游人次、居民出游花费分别增长14.8%、17.1%。

We rolled out policies on boosting consumption in culture and tourism, expended heavy efforts on fostering the development of county tourism, ice and snow tourism, educational travel, CPC heritage tourism, and tourist trains. This led to annual growths of 14.8% in domestic tourist trips and 17.1% in tourism expenditures.

文娱消费持续增长，体育消费日益升温，马拉松、骑行、户外运动等加速大众化，赛事经济日益成为新增长点。

Consumer spending on culture and entertainment continued to grow, and sports-related spending began ramping up as well. Outdoor sports such as marathons and cycling gained popularity at a faster pace. The sports event economy began developing into a new driver of growth.

深入实施数字消费提升行动，通信信息服务类零售额保持两位数增长。

We fully implemented the initiative to upgrade digital consumption, and retail sales in telecommunication and information services maintained double-digit growth.

印发关于发展银发经济增进老年人福祉的意见，促进老年人康养、文旅等消费潜力释放。

Guidelines on developing the silver economy and improving the wellbeing of the elderly were printed and distributed in order to tap into the consumption potential of the elderly in healthcare, culture, and tourism.

提升外籍人员入境旅游支付便利化水平，单方面免签国家增至38个，互免签证国家增至26个，将过境免签外国人在境内停留时间延长至240小时，入境游客1.32亿人次、增长60.8%。

We worked to facilitate the use of payment services for foreign nationals visiting China. The number of countries granted unilateral visa-free entry to China rose to 38, mutual visa exemption agreements were signed between China and 26 countries, and visa-free transit stays for foreign nationals were extended to 240 hours. As a result, the number of visits from inbound tourists reached 132 million last year, up 60.8%.

三是消费环境持续优化。

3) The business environment saw further improvement.

开展“消费促进年”等活动，着力打造消费新场景培育消费新增长点。

We launched a year-long campaign to stimulate consumption, creating new consumption scenarios and fostering new areas of consumption growth.

推动老字号守正创新发展，全国中华老字号数量扩围至1455个。

We encouraged classic Chinese brands to pursue innovative development while preserving their time-honored traditions. The number of brands considered classics in China grew to 1,455.

因地制宜建设新消费品牌孵化基地。

Incubation bases were set up for the purpose of developing new consumer brands based on local conditions.

深化国际消费中心城市培育建设，大力发展智慧商圈，累计建设一刻钟便民生活圈4335个、服务社区居民1.07亿人。

We continued efforts to build a number of cities into international consumption centers and develop smart business clusters. A total of 4,335 projects were completed in urban communities to ensure residents’ easy access to daily necessities within a 15-minute walk from their homes, benefiting 107 million people.

完善县域农村消费基础设施。

Consumer infrastructure in counties was improved.

出台实施《消费者权益保护法实施条例》，加强消费领域监管执法，开展2024年儿童和学生用品安全守护行动。

Implementation regulations for the Law on the Protection of Consumers’ Rights and Interests were promulgated, and oversight and law enforcement with respect to consumption were strengthened. A campaign was launched in 2024 to safeguard the safety of children’s and students’ products.

四是政府投资作用有效发挥。

4) Government investment served its role effectively.

统筹用好中央预算内投资、地方政府专项债券、2023年增发国债、超长期特别国债等支持重点项目建设。

Through the coordinated use of investment from the central government budget, local government special-purpose bonds, additional treasury bonds issued in 2023, and ultra-long special treasury bonds, we supported the construction of key projects.

优化中央预算内投资投向领域，强化项目监督管理。

We optimized the list of areas to which central government budgetary investment can be channeled and intensified oversight and management over these projects.

优化地方政府专项债券管理机制，实施专项债券投向领域“负面清单”管理。

We refined the management mechanisms for local government special-purpose bonds and established a negative list for areas receiving investment from such bonds.

加强项目谋划储备，强化用地、用海、用能、环评等要素保障，加强项目全生命周期管理。

We strengthened lifecycle management of projects through enhanced planning and project reserves as well as bolstering support with regard to the use of land, sea, and energy, as well as environmental impact assessment and other factors.

推动“十四五”规划102项重大工程取得积极进展。

We pushed ahead with the 102 major projects outlined in the 14th Five-Year Plan, securing positive progress.

2023年1万亿元增发国债支持的1.

The construction of 15,000 projects funded by an additional 1 trillion yuan of treasury bonds issued in 2023 was accelerated.

5万个项目加快实施，一大批灾后恢复重建和防灾减灾救灾能力提升项目按期建成。

A large number of post-disaster recovery and reconstruction projects and capacity building projects in terms of disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief were completed on schedule.

五是民间投资健康发展。

5) Private investment experienced healthy growth.

扣除房地产开发的民间投资增长6%，制造业民间投资增长10.8%。

Last year, private investment, excluding those in real estate, registered an increase of 6%, with private investment in manufacturing rising by 10.8%.

5个新核准核电项目引入民间资本参股比例达10%。

The equity participation ratio of private capital in five newly approved nuclear power projects reached 10%.

规范实施政府和社会资本合作（PPP）新机制。

We promoted well-regulated implementation of the new mechanisms for public-private partnership (PPP).

全年依托项目推介平台吸引民间资本参与项目531个、总投资4136亿元。

Throughout the year, 531 projects attracted private investment of 413.6 billion yuan via project introduction platforms.

建立全国重点民间投资项目库，持续加强资金和要素支持。

We established a national database of key projects for private investment and continuously bolstered support in terms of capital and other production factors.

构建基础设施领域不动产投资信托基金（REITs）常态化发行制度体系，累计62个项目发行上市、发售基金1660亿元，城镇供热、水利设施、农贸市场均实现“首单”推荐。

We put in place a regular issuance system for real estate investment trusts (REITs) in regards to infrastructure. Under this system, 62 projects have gone public with a total issuance volume of 166 billion yuan; preliminary applications for the first REITs in the areas of urban heating, water conservancy infrastructure, and farm produce markets were recommended to the China Securities Regulatory Commission for review.

（五）加快构建现代化产业体系，新质生产力稳步发展。

5. We accelerated modernization of the industrial system, with new quality productive forces growing steadily.

出台加快建设现代化产业体系的意见，提高产业基础能力和产业链现代化水平，加强质量支撑和标准引领，发展新动能新优势不断培育壮大。

We issued guidelines on accelerating modernization of the industrial system, worked to enhance basic industrial capacities, and made new advances in modernizing industrial chains. Meanwhile, we provided stronger guidance and support on quality and standards and continued to foster new growth drivers and strengths.

规模以上高技术制造业、装备制造业增加值分别增长8.9%、7.7%，增速分别快于规模以上工业增加值增速3.1个、1.9个百分点。

Last year, the value added of large enterprises in high-tech manufacturing and equipment manufacturing increased by 8.9% and 7.7% respectively, which were 3.1 percentage points and 1.9 percentage points higher than the value-added growth of large industrial enterprises as a whole.

一是传统产业转型升级步伐加快。

1) Traditional industries saw accelerated transformation and upgrading.

实施产业结构调整指导目录（2024年本），引导制造业加快向高端化、智能化、绿色化方向转型。

The catalog for guiding industry restructuring (2024 edition) went into effect, steering a faster transition toward a higher-end, smarter, and more eco-friendly manufacturing industry.

修订钢铁、水泥、玻璃等行业产能置换实施办法，推动落后低效产能稳步退出。

The implementation measures for production capacity replacement in the steel, cement, glass, and other industries were revised, propelling a gradual phase-out of outdated and low-efficiency production facilities.

出台精细化工产业创新发展实施方案。

The implementation plan for the innovative development of the fine chemical industry was promulgated.

制定71项强制性国家标准，批准发布2259项行业标准，牵头制定144项国际标准。

We established 71 mandatory national standards, approved 2,259 new industry standards, and took the lead in formulating 144 international standards.

形成一批先进制造产业集群和智能工厂。

A number of advanced manufacturing clusters and smart factories were fostered.

推动生产性服务业向专业化和价值链高端延伸，制造业中试平台数量超过2400个。

We promoted the specialization of producer services and a transition toward the higher end of the value chain. The number of pilot-scale testing platforms in manufacturing exceeded 2,400.

举办中国品牌日系列活动。

A series of activities were held for the 2024 China Brand Day.

二是新兴产业加快发展和未来产业有序布局。

2) Emerging industries developed rapidly and the groundwork was laid for developing industries of the future.

推动战略性新兴产业融合集群发展。

We promoted the integrated and clustered development of strategic emerging industries.

支持新能源汽车骨干企业优化布局、做强做优。

We encouraged leading NEV enterprises to improve strategic planning and enhance their overall strength and performance.

推动电子信息制造业提质升级，规模以上计算机、通信和其他电子设备制造业增加值增长11.8%。

We facilitated upgrading of the electronic and information manufacturing industries, and the value added of enterprises manufacturing computers, communication equipment, and other electronic devices increased by 11.8%.

加快推进生物医药产业发展，全链条支持创新药加快发展，上市新药和在研新药数量均跃居全球第二。

We accelerated the development of the biomedicine industry and supported the rapid whole-chain development of innovative drugs. As a result, China rose to second place globally in terms of the quantities of both new drugs and drugs under development last year.

加快北斗规模化应用和卫星互联网建设，商业航天取得新进展。

We expedited the large-scale application of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System and the development of satellite internet. New progress was made in commercial spaceflight.

C919大型客机实现规模化运营，累计承运旅客超100万人次。

The C919 airliners achieved scaled operations, with the cumulative number of passenger trips exceeding 1 million.

《无人驾驶航空器飞行管理暂行条例》正式实施，无人机唯一产品标识码、实名登记、缺陷召回等制度加快落地。

The interim regulations on the management of unmanned aerial vehicle flight were officially put into effect, expediting the implementation of new measures such as unique product identification codes, real-name registration, and defect recalls of unmanned aerial vehicles.

集成电路技术攻关加速推进，2024年集成电路出口2981亿块，成为出口额最高的单一商品。

Technological breakthroughs in integrated circuits were sped up. In 2024, the number of integrated circuits exported came to 298.1 billion, making it China’s most exported single commodity.

“人工智能+”行业应用加快落地，具有全球竞争力的人工智能产品和服务不断涌现。

The integration of artificial intelligence into industries accelerated, with globally-competitive AI products and services emerging daily.

三是数字经济创新发展。

3) The digital economy achieved innovative development.

制定实施数字经济高质量发展政策，印发国家数据基础设施建设指引。

We formulated and implemented policies to support high-quality development of the digital economy and issued guidelines on building national data infrastructure.

深入实施“东数西算”工程，推动构建全国一体化算力网。

We further implemented the Eastern Data-Western Computing Project and promoted the building of a nationally unified computing network.

加快完善数据基础制度体系，深入实施“数据要素×”行动，大力培育全国一体化数据市场。

We sped up efforts to improve the framework of basic systems for data, further implemented the “Data ×”initiative, and made vigorous efforts to foster an integrated national market for data.

我国数据总量和算力总规模稳居全球第二位。

China’s total data volume and overall computing power scale remained the second largest in the world.

数据产业孕育兴起，催生一批数智应用新产品新服务新业态。

The data industry flourished, hastening the birth of new products, services, and forms of business backed by the application of digital technologies.

数字化转型工程深入实施。

We continued implementing digital transformation projects.

智慧农业建设取得积极进展。

Encouraging progress was achieved in the development of intelligent agriculture.

服务业数字化扩面提质，数字文化、智慧旅游场景更加丰富。

Digitalization of the service sector expanded to cover more areas, with service quality further improved. Digital culture and smart tourism were seen in increasingly diverse scenarios.

2024年，我国数字经济核心产业增加值占GDP比重达到10%左右。

In 2024, the value added of core industries of the digital economy accounted for about 10% of China’s GDP.

四是现代化基础设施体系更加完善。

4) The modern infrastructure system was upgraded.

国家综合立体交通网加快建设，总里程突破600万公里，“6轴7廊8通道”主骨架已基本成型，覆盖全国超过80%的县。

We stepped up work on building a national comprehensive and multidimensional transportation network. The total length of the network surpassed 6 million kilometers, and its main framework, which composed of “six axes, seven corridors, and eight routes,” essentially took shape, covering over 80% of counties nationwide.

截至2024年底，全国铁路营业里程16.2万公里，其中高铁里程4.8万公里。

By the end of 2024, the total length of in-service railway lines had reached 162,000 kilometers, including 48,000 kilometers of high-speed rails.

川藏铁路、国家水网等重大工程建设稳步推进。

Steady progress was made in the construction of major projects such as the Sichuan-Xizang Railway and the national water network.

深入建设国家物流枢纽、国家骨干冷链物流基地，深入实施国家综合货运枢纽补链强链，现代物流运行体系不断健全。

We made greater efforts in building national logistics hubs and key national cold-chain logistics bases as well as in providing support to national comprehensive freight hubs in shoring up weak links, thereby constantly improving the modern logistics operation system.

全国充电基础设施达到1281.8万台、增长49.1%，98%的高速公路服务区具备充电能力。

The total number of charging stations nationwide reached 12.818 million, a year-on-year increase of 49.1%, and 98% of expressway service areas were outfitted with charging facilities for NEVs.

新型基础设施加快发展，第五代移动通信（5G）网络覆盖全国所有乡镇和90%以上行政村，用户普及率71%；工业互联网覆盖全部41个工业大类。

New types of infrastructure developed at a faster pace. The fifth-generation mobile communications (5G) networks covered all townships and more than 90% of administrative villages across the country, reaching 71% of the whole population. The Industrial Internet covered all of the 41 major industrial categories.

光纤接入端口达到11.6亿个，占互联网宽带接入端口的96.5%，千兆及以上宽带接入用户达到2.07亿户。

The number of fiber optic access ports totaled 1.16 billion, making up 96.5% of all broadband Internet access ports in China, and the number of households that had access to broadband connections with a capacity of 1 Gbps or above reached 207 million. 6.

（六）加快建设更高水平开放型经济新体制，高水平对外开放取得积极成效。

We worked faster to develop new institutions for a higher-standard open economy, obtaining positive results in pursuing high-standard opening up.

全年货物进出口总额43.8万亿元，服务进出口总额7.5万亿元，外商直接投资1162亿美元，境外直接投资1438亿美元。

In 2024, China registered 43.8 trillion yuan in the volume of trade in goods, 7.5 trillion yuan in the volume of trade in services, 116.2 billion US dollars of foreign direct investment, and 143.8 billion US dollars of outward direct investment.

年末外汇储备规模达32024亿美元。

Foreign exchange reserves had reached 3.2024 trillion US dollars by the end of last year.

一是高质量共建“一带一路”成效显著。

1) Substantial progress was made in high-quality Belt and Road cooperation.

成功召开第四次“一带一路”建设工作座谈会。

The fourth conference on the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was convened.

共建“一带一路”高质量发展八项行动重点任务顺利推进，对共建“一带一路”国家进出口总额增长6.4%，占我国进出口总额的比重首次超过50%。

The main tasks of the eight major steps designated to support high-quality Belt and Road cooperation were smoothly advanced. Imports and exports between China and BRI participating countries grew by 6.4%, with a volume surpassing 50% of China’s total trade volume for the first time ever.

与巴西、非盟等23个国家和国际组织签署共建“一带一路”合作规划。

China signed Belt and Road cooperation plans with 23 countries and international organizations, including Brazil and the African Union.

2024年中非合作论坛北京峰会成功举办。

The Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) was successfully hosted in 2024.

高质量举办首届中国－海合会国家产业与投资合作论坛、大湄公河次流域经济合作第八次领导人会议。

The first China-GCC Countries (the member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council) Forum on Industrial and Investment Cooperation and the eighth Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Cooperation Leaders’ Meeting were held to great success.

统筹重大标志性工程和“小而美”民生项目建设取得重要进展。

Important progress was made in the coordinated development of both major signature projects and “small and beautiful” public wellbeing projects.

中吉乌铁路举行项目启动仪式，中老铁路、雅万高铁安全稳定运营，中巴经济走廊“升级版”建设稳步推进，中俄东线天然气管道全线提前建成、满输运行。

The groundbreaking ceremony of the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway project was held, the China-Laos railway and the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed railway continued safe and stable operation, the upgraded version of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor progressed smoothly, and construction of the China-Russia eastern-route natural gas pipeline was fully completed ahead of schedule and began operation at full capacity.

中泰铁路、匈塞铁路建设取得新成果，中越跨境标准轨铁路取得积极进展，中欧跨里海直达快运开通。

Construction of the China-Thailand and Hungary-Serbia railways achieved new results. Positive progress was made in building the China-Vietnam cross-border standard-gauge railway. The China-Europe trans-Caspian express route was opened.

鲁班工坊、菌草技术、“丝路一家亲”等民生项目扎实推进。

Public welfare programs such as Luban Workshops, Juncao technology, and the Silk Road Community Building Initiative were advanced.

中欧班列稳定通畅运行，布局建设一批中欧班列集结中心，全年开行1.94万列，累计开行突破10万列，通达欧洲26个国家229个城市。

China-Europe freight trains maintained stable and smooth operation, and a number of assembly centers were set up for them. With 19,400 trips made in 2024, the freight trains have run more than 100,000 trips in total since beginning operation, connecting China with 229 cities in 26 European countries.

“丝路海运”命名航线通达46个国家145个港口，空中丝绸之路通航56个国家107个城市。

Shipping routes making up the Silk Road Maritime network connect 145 ports in 46 countries, and flights under the “Silk Road in the air” initiative span 107 cities in 56 countries.

积极发展“丝路电商”，与塔吉克斯坦、巴林等33个国家建立双边电商合作机制。

China has actively promoted Silk Road e-commerce cooperation and has established bilateral mechanisms with 33 countries, including Tajikistan and Bahrain.

二是外贸出口对经济增长贡献增大。

2) Exports contributed a larger share to economic growth.

出台关于促进外贸稳定增长、拓展跨境电商出口推进海外仓建设、推动服务贸易和数字贸易发展的政策，货物和服务净出口对经济增长的贡献率达30.3%。

We rolled out policies to promote steady export growth, expand exports through cross-border e-commerce, develop overseas warehouses, and facilitate digital trade and trade in services. China’s net exports of goods and services contributed to 30.3% of its total economic growth.

进博会、广交会、服贸会、投洽会、中俄博览会等重大展会成功举办。

Major trade events were successfully held, such as the China International Import Expo, the China Import and Export Fair (Canton Fair), the China International Fair for Trade in Services, the China International Fair for Investment and Trade, and the China-Russia Expo.

出台扎实推进高水平对外开放更大力度吸引和利用外资行动方案。

We launched an action plan to further promote high-standard opening up and intensify efforts to attract and utilize foreign investment.

发布外商投资准入特别管理措施（负面清单）（2024年版），制造业领域外资准入限制措施全面取消。

The special administrative measures for foreign investment access (negative list, 2024 edition) were released, lifting all restrictions on foreign investment in the manufacturing sector.

推进服务业扩大开放综合试点示范，开展增值电信、生物技术、独资医院开放试点。

We promoted comprehensive trials and demonstrations for expanding opening up of the service sector, launching trials for value-added telecommunications services, biotechnology, and wholly foreign-owned hospitals.

发布实施全国版和自贸试验区版跨境服务贸易负面清单。

The national and pilot free trade zone (FTZ) editions of the negative list for cross-border trade in services were promulgated and enforced.

推出第八批标志性重大外资项目。

The eighth batch of signature foreign-funded projects was selected.

健全境外投资管理服务体系。

We improved the management of and services for China’s overseas investment.

三是开放平台作用更好发挥。

3) The role of platforms for opening up was better leveraged.

加强全国各类开放平台统筹规划布局。

We strengthened coordinated planning for various types of platforms for opening up across the country.

实施自由贸易试验区提升战略，22个自贸试验区进出口额达到8.45万亿元。

A strategy for upgrading pilot free trade zones was implemented, and the trade volume at the 22 FTZs reached 8.45 trillion yuan.

加快推进跨境电商综合试验区建设，区内企业跨境电商贸易规模占全国比重超过95%。

The development of integrated experimental zones for cross-border e-commerce was expedited, with enterprises in these zones contributing to more than 95% of China’s cross-border e-commerce.

海关特殊监管区域全年实现进出口额8.37万亿元，增长4.6%。

In 2024, special customs regulation zones registered a trade volume of 8.37 trillion yuan, an increase of 4.6%.

出台浙江省义乌市深化国际贸易综合改革总体方案、支持苏州工业园区深化开放创新综合试验的若干措施。

We released an overall plan for deepening the comprehensive reform of international trade in Yiwu, Zhejiang Province and measures to support the Suzhou Industrial Park in deepening the comprehensive trial on opening up and innovation.

设立吉林延吉－长白重点开发开放试验区，持续推动长吉图开发开放先导区建设，《黑瞎子岛（大乌苏里岛）联合保护开发规划》正式签署，深化面向东北亚开放合作。

In an effort to deepen opening up and cooperation oriented toward Northeast Asia, China set up the Yanji-Changbai key development and opening up pilot zone in Jilin Province, continued to develop the Changchun-Jilin-Tumenjiang pioneering zone for development and opening up, and officially signed a plan for joint protection and development of the Heixiazi Island (Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island).

西部陆海新通道辐射范围拓展至125个国家和地区的542个港口。

The New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor in the western region expanded its freight services to 542 ports in 125 countries and regions.

四是多双边经贸合作持续深化。

4) Multilateral and bilateral economic and trade cooperation was deepened.

坚定维护多边贸易体制，积极推动世贸组织改革，推动达成投资便利化协定、电子商务协定。

China has resolutely upheld the multilateral trading system, actively promoted reform of the World Trade Organization (WTO), and facilitated the conclusion of negotiations on agreements of investment facilitation and e-commerce.

全面高质量实施《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》。

The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement was fully implemented to a high standard.

积极推动我国加入《数字经济伙伴关系协定》《全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》进程。

Positive steps were taken to see China join the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement (DEPA) and the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP).

在二十国集团、金砖国家、亚太经合组织等多边区域机制下，推动各方围绕贸易投资自由化便利化、贸易数字化、供应链互联互通、可持续发展等达成多份成果文件。

Within the G20, BRICS, APEC, and other multilateral regional mechanisms, China contributed to the conclusion of multiple outcome documents among various parties regarding trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, trade digitalization, supply chain connectivity, sustainable development, etc.

实施与尼加拉瓜、厄瓜多尔、塞尔维亚的自贸协定，与新加坡的自贸协定进一步升级议定书。

Free trade agreements (FTAs) with Nicaragua, Ecuador, and Serbia and the protocol to further upgrade the FTA with Singapore were implemented.

签署与白俄罗斯的服务贸易和投资协定，与秘鲁的自贸协定升级议定书。

The agreement on trade in services and investment with Belarus and the protocol for upgrading the FTA with Peru were signed.

中国－东盟自由贸易区3.0版谈判实质性完成。

Substantive negotiations on building a Version 3.0 China-ASEAN Free Trade Area were concluded.

（七）统筹推进新型城镇化和乡村全面振兴，城乡融合发展取得新进展。

7. We coordinated efforts to advance new urbanization and all-around rural revitalization, making new progress in integrated urban-rural development.

印发实施以人为本的新型城镇化战略五年行动计划、乡村全面振兴规划和加快建设农业强国规划，城乡发展协调性持续增强。

We issued and implemented a five-year action plan on people-centered new urbanization, a plan on all-around rural revitalization, and a plan for accelerated development of national strength in agriculture. The development of urban and rural areas became more coordinated.

一是脱贫攻坚成果持续巩固拓展。

1) The outcomes of poverty alleviation were further consolidated and expanded.

持续健全完善防止返贫致贫动态监测和帮扶机制。

We made additional improvements to monitoring and assistance mechanisms to prevent people from relapsing into poverty.

用好东西部协作、定点帮扶机制，重点区域帮扶成效明显。

Mechanisms of east-west cooperation and targeted support were put to good use, producing marked results in assisting the development of key areas.

推进帮扶产业高质量发展，832个脱贫县主导产业总产值超过1.7万亿元。

We promoted the high-quality development of rural industries, and the combined output of leading industries in 832 counties that had shaken off poverty exceeded 1.7 trillion yuan.

开展支持易地搬迁安置区可持续发展专项行动，易地搬迁脱贫劳动力就业率超过95%。

We carried out initiatives to support the sustainable development of resettlement areas where residents relocated from inhospitable areas and ensured an employment rate of over 95% for the workforce among resettled residents.

大力实施以工代赈，全年吸纳330多万名低收入群众务工就业。

Work-relief programs were stepped up, providing jobs to more than 3.3 million people on low incomes in 2024.

深入实施防止返贫就业攻坚行动，脱贫人口务工规模超过3300万人。

Employment promotion initiatives were intensified to prevent any return to poverty, and over 33 million people lifted out of poverty found jobs last year.

开展消费帮扶“新春行动”“金秋行动”，推动建立产销对接关系和产业协作体系，全年消费帮扶总额超4500亿元。

We launched the “New Spring Initiative” and “Golden Autumn Initiative” to encourage purchases of products from less-developed areas and helped foster partnering between production and marketing as well as a system of industrial collaboration, which boosted the consumption of more than 450 billion yuan worth of such products over the year.

二是现代乡村产业发展水平稳步提升。

2) Modern rural industries reached a higher level of development.

粮食总产量再创历史新高，首次跃上1.4万亿斤新台阶。

Total grain output reached another record high, surpassing 700 million metric tons for the first time.

“菜篮子”产品供给充裕。

The supply of non-staple food such as vegetables was bountiful.

深入践行大食物观，粮经饲统筹、农林牧渔结合、植物动物微生物并举的多元化食物供给体系加快构建。

Adopting an all-encompassing approach to food, we hastened measures to foster a diversified food supply system, which features coordinated production of grain, cash crops, and feed crops, integrated development of the farming, forestry, livestock, and fishing industries, and balanced cultivation of plant, animal, and microorganism resources.

加快实施农业重大科技创新项目，农机装备补短板行动取得新突破。

Major scientific and technological innovation projects in agriculture were advanced at a faster pace, and the initiative to address weaknesses in agricultural machinery and equipment saw new breakthroughs.

支持农村产业融合发展，农产品加工业效益改善，乡村旅游和特色文化产业富民作用日益显著。

We supported the integrated development of rural industries, which was highlighted by improved returns in the agricultural product processing industry and much increased income for local residents due to the development of rural tourism and cultural industries.

新型农业经营主体提质增效，109.4万个经营性主体年服务面积超过21.4亿亩次。

New types of agricultural businesses operated more efficiently, with 1.094 million agribusiness entities providing services to more than 142.67 million hectares of farmland last year.

三是乡村建设取得新成效。

3) Rural development achieved new results.

学习运用“千万工程”经验，加快推进宜居宜业和美乡村建设，落实农村人居环境整治提升五年行动方案、乡村建设行动实施方案、金融支持乡村全面振兴专项行动。

Applying the experience gained from the Green Rural Revival Program in Zhejiang Province, we sped up the drive to build a beautiful and harmonious countryside for people to live and work in. We put into practice the five-year action plan for improving the rural living environment, the plan for pursuing rural development initiatives, and a special campaign of providing financial support to all-around rural revitalization.

全国农村自来水普及率达到94%，规模化供水工程覆盖农村人口比例达到65%。

Tap water coverage in rural areas reached 94%, and large-scale water supply projects were constructed, benefitting 65% of the rural population.

健全农村生活垃圾收运处置体系，支持各地因地制宜选择合适的改厕模式，分类梯次推进生活污水治理，全国生活垃圾得到收运处理的行政村比例稳定在90%以上，农村卫生厕所普及率达75%左右，农村生活污水治理（管控）率达45%以上。

We improved the collection, transportation, and disposal of rural household waste, supported localities in upgrading rural toilets based on local conditions, and advanced the categorized and progressive treatment of household wastewater. The proportion of China’s administrative villages having access to household waste collection, transportation, and disposal services remained above 90%, sanitary toilets were available in around 75% of China’s rural areas, and the rural household wastewater treatment (control) rate exceeded 45%.

深入推进农村客货邮融合发展。

We further promoted integrated development of passenger, freight, and postal services in rural areas.

农村养老服务体系逐步健全，县域基层医疗设备条件持续改善。

The elderly care service system was gradually improved in rural areas, and medical equipment and facilities in counties continued to improve.

农民精神文化生活不断丰富。

The rural residents’ intellectual and cultural lives were constantly enriched.

四是新型城镇化建设成效显现。

4) New urbanization witnessed progress.

2024年末常住人口城镇化率达67%，比上年末提高0.84个百分点。

The share of permanent urban residents in China’s total population had risen to 67% by the end of 2024, 0.84 percentage points higher than the previous year.

有序推进农业转移人口市民化，深化户籍制度改革，推进常住地提供基本公共服务，义务教育阶段进城务工人员随迁子女在公办学校就读或享受政府购买学位比例达97%。

We took orderly measures to grant permanent urban residency to eligible people who had moved from rural to urban areas, deepened reform of the household registration system, and improved the systems for providing basic public services to people in places where they permanently reside. Last year, 97% of children living in cities with migrant-worker parents had access to compulsory education in public schools or in privately-run schools through a government-funded program.

加快以县城为重要载体的城镇化建设，培育发展优势特色产业，提高县城综合承载能力。

We accelerated urbanization with a focus on county seats, cultivated local industries with unique advantages, and thus strengthened the comprehensive carrying capacity of county seats.

持续推进城市更新行动，着力补齐城市安全韧性短板，完成燃气管道老化更新改造6.6万公里，建设改造各类管网17.5万公里，城镇老旧小区改造新开工5.8万个。

Urban renewal projects were steadily carried out, and strong actions were taken to shore up weak links so as to boost urban safety resilience. We completed the upgrading of 66,000 kilometers of old gas pipelines, built or renovated 175,000 kilometers of various pipeline networks, and began the renovation of 58,000 old urban residential compounds.

实施城中村改造项目1863个，建设筹集安置住房189.4万套，改造城市危旧房7.9万套。

We implemented 1,863 urban village redevelopment projects, constructed or provided 1.894 million units of housing for resettlement, and renovated 79,000 dilapidated urban housing units.

扎实推进成渝地区双城经济圈建设，10个川渝毗邻地区合作平台全面建设，经济区与行政区适度分离等重点改革取得积极进展，综合交通、科技创新、产业发展等领域一批重大项目落地实施。

Solid efforts were made in developing the Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone, 10 cooperation platforms in the Sichuan-Chongqing neighboring areas were fully established, and positive progress was achieved in key reforms such as the appropriate separation of economic areas from administrative ones. A batch of major projects was implemented, including those on integrated transportation, scientific and technological innovation, and industrial development.

（八）统筹实施区域协调发展战略，区域经济布局更趋优化。

8. We took comprehensive measures to implement the coordinated regional development strategy, further improving China’s regional economic layout.

系统谋划出台实施一批重要区域规划和政策，加大区域战略落实力度，各地比较优势进一步发挥。

A set of important regional plans and policies was studied, released, and put into action in a systematic manner, and more efforts were put into the implementation of regional strategies, further tapping the comparative strengths of all regions.

一是区域协调发展积厚成势。

1) Coordinated regional development maintained sound momentum.

京津冀协同发展走深走实，在京相关高校、医院、中央企业总部及二三级子公司分批向雄安新区疏解，北京城市副中心行政办公、商务服务、文化旅游等功能不断完善，进一步支持天津滨海新区高质量发展若干政策措施出台实施，三省市互联互通交通网络更加完善、产业链上下游协作持续强化、公共服务共建共享水平进一步提升。

Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region: Consistent and solid progress was achieved in the region’s coordinated development. Certain universities, hospitals, and headquarters of SOEs under the central government as well as their Class II and III subsidiaries, were relocated in batches from Beijing to the Xiong’an New Area. The Beijing Municipality’s administrative center in Tongzhou District continued to improve its capacity for carrying out administrative, business service, cultural, tourism, and other functions. We rolled out several policies and measures to further support the high-quality development of the Binhai New Area in Tianjin. The interconnected transportation network in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region was further refined, collaboration between upstream and downstream enterprises in industrial chains continued to intensify, and the joint development and sharing of public services was further enhanced.

长三角一体化高质量发展深入推进，生态绿色一体化发展示范区改革授权压茬推进，港口资源整合、轨道互联互通等取得新进展，上海“五个中心”建设进一步加快。

Yangtze River Delta: Redoubled efforts were made to push forward high-quality, integrated development of the delta region. Authorized reform items for the region’s demonstration zone for green, integrated development were advanced step by step. New progress was made in such areas as the integration of port resources and rail and metro connectivity. Shanghai accelerated its development as an international economic, financial, trade, shipping, and sci-tech innovation center.

粤港澳大湾区建设迈上新台阶，横琴粤澳深度合作区封关“一线”“二线”分线管理运行顺利，超1.6万名澳门居民在合作区居住生活，支持河套深港科技创新合作区深圳园区、香港园区联动发展，创新要素跨境流动更加便捷。

Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area: Development in this region reached new heights. The two-tiered customs system in the Guangdong-Macao In-Depth Cooperation Zone in Hengqin as a separate customs zone operated smoothly, with more than 16,000 Macao residents living and working in this zone. We helped to boost the synergy between the Shenzhen and Hong Kong parks of the Hetao Shenzhen-Hong Kong Cooperation Zone for Science and Technology Innovation, which spurred convenience in cross-border flows of innovation factors.

长江经济带共抓大保护、不搞大开发成效显著，进一步抓实抓好长江大保护工作三年行动计划出台实施，长江十年禁渔取得明显成效，长江干流连续5年保持II类水质，综合立体交通走廊加快构建，沿江高铁全线开工建设。

Yangtze River Economic Belt: Noticeable results were yielded in promoting well-coordinated environmental conservation and avoiding excessive development in the Yangtze River basin. A three-year action plan was introduced to further consolidate and improve environmental protection in this region, and the 10-year fishing ban on the Yangtze River clearly paid off. The water quality of the river’s main channel remained stable at Grade II for five consecutive years. Work on the integrated multidimensional transportation corridor was accelerated, and construction began on all lines of the high-speed railway projects along the Yangtze River.

黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展迈出坚实步伐，农业面源、城镇生活、工业和尾矿库污染治理深入推进，8万余个入河排污口开展溯源整治，一批生态保护修复重点项目加快建设，黄河干流连续3年保持II类水质。

Yellow River basin: Substantial progress was made in promoting ecological conservation and high-quality development in this basin. Continued efforts were made to tackle pollution from agricultural non-point sources, urban waste, industry, and mine tailing sites. Over 80,000 sewage outfalls into the river were evaluated and brought under standard-based management, and construction on a series of major projects for ecological conservation and restoration was accelerated. Thanks to these efforts, the main channel of the Yellow River maintained a Grade II water quality rating for the third year running.

海洋强国建设深入推进，海洋强省、现代海洋城市、全国海洋经济发展示范区创新发展，海洋生态环境质量持续改善，海洋生产总值超10万亿元。

Maritime development: We ramped up efforts to turn China into a strong maritime country, advancing innovative development of provinces with maritime strengths, modern marine cities, and marine economy demonstration zones. The quality of the marine environment continued to improve, and the output of marine industries exceeded 10 trillion yuan.

海南自由贸易港封关准备工作有序开展，政策制度体系持续完善，配套措施落地实施，南繁种业、深海科技、商业航天等特色产业加快发展。

Hainan Free Trade Port: Preparations were made in an orderly fashion for separate customs operation. Policies and institutions were fine-tuned, and supporting measures were rolled out. Distinctive industries, such as seed breeding, deep-sea science and technology, and commercial space flights, gathered momentum.

国家级新区高质量建设行动计划深入实施，一批具有较强竞争力和影响力的产业集聚发展。

National-level new areas: The action plan for the high-quality development of such new areas was fully implemented, and a group of competitive and influential industries developed in clusters.

边境地区支持政策不断完善，开放合作平台加快建设。

Border areas: We refined the policies for supporting border areas and expedited the development of platforms for opening up and cooperation.

革命老区加快振兴发展，重点城市对口合作建设产业项目1400余个，总投资超3000亿元。

Old revolutionary base areas: Revitalization and development of old revolutionary base areas picked up pace. More than 1,400 projects were built through cooperative partnerships between major cities in these areas and those in China’s more developed regions, with a total investment of over 300 billion yuan.

老工业城市加快转型，中德（沈阳）高端装备制造产业园和中韩（长春）国际合作示范区稳步建设。

Old industrial cities: Transformation of old industrial cities picked up steam. Steps were taken to ensure the steady development of the China-Germany (Shenyang) Equipment Manufacturing Industrial Park and the China-ROK (Changchun) International Cooperation Demonstration Zone.

积极探索资源型地区转型发展新路径，加强采煤沉陷区综合治理。

Resource-dependent areas: Active efforts were made to explore new ways to transform and develop such areas, and comprehensive solutions were adopted for areas affected by mining-induced subsidence.

进一步推动西部大开发形成新格局的若干政策措施出台，青藏高原生态屏障区等重要生态系统保护和修复重大工程深入实施，西部地区鼓励类产业目录修订发布。

The western region: We introduced a number of policies and measures to forge a new vista in the large-scale development of the western region. Major projects for protecting and restoring the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ecological shield and other key ecosystems were advanced, and the revised Catalogue of Industries Encouraged for Development in the Western Region was released.

东北全面振兴支持农业发展、沿边开放、人才振兴等配套政策陆续出台，东北地区冰雪经济高质量发展方案印发实施。

The northeastern region: To advance the region’s full revitalization, we successively issued supporting policies on agricultural development, the opening up of border regions, and the cultivation of talent and released a plan for the high-quality development of the ice and snow economy in the northeastern region.

新时代推动中部地区加快崛起的若干政策措施出台实施，全国重要粮食生产基地、能源原材料基地、现代装备制造及高技术产业基地和综合交通运输枢纽建设进一步加快。

The central region: We adopted several policies and measures to accelerate the rise of the central region in the new era. The major national bases for grain production, energy resources, raw materials, modern equipment manufacturing, and high-tech industries, in addition to integrated transportation hubs, achieved faster development.

东部地区加快推进现代化，经济总量占全国比重达52%，进出口总额占全国比重达80%。

The eastern region: The eastern region sped up its modernization drive, with its economic aggregate and trade volume respectively accounting for 52% and 80% of China’s total.

二是区域间协同联动扎实推进。

2) Solid progress was made in coordinated and interconnected development across regions.

区域战略融通互动，京津冀、长三角、粤港澳大湾区引领带动作用进一步增强，长江经济带、黄河流域绿色联动不断深化，海南自由贸易港与粤港澳大湾区相向发展，东中西部和东北地区产业协作和布局持续优化。

Strategic coordination and interaction between regions were strengthened. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area played an increasingly important role in guiding and driving development. Cooperation in advancing green development was deepened in the Yangtze Economic Belt and the Yellow River basin. The Hainan Free Trade Port and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area pursued integrated development. The industrial layout and collaboration among the eastern, central, western, and northeastern regions continued to improve.

对口支援新疆、西藏和四省涉藏州县成效明显，东北地区与东部地区部分省市对口合作扎实推进。

Notable results were achieved in paired assistance programs supporting development in Xinjiang, Xizang, and the Tibetan ethnic areas in the provinces of Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu, and Qinghai. Solid steps were taken to promote cooperative partnerships between a number of provinces and cities in the eastern region and those in the northeastern region.

跨区域重大工程深入实施，南水北调东中线一期工程累计调水771.6亿立方米，水质稳定达标；西气东输三线中段、四线和川气东送二线顺利推进；西电东送北、中、南段加快建设，输电能力超过3亿千瓦，有力支撑东中部用电需求。

Major trans-regional projects were carried out. A total of 77.16 billion cubic meters of water, the quality of which had consistently met national standards, was transferred through the eastern and central routes of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project during the first phase of the two routes. Smooth progress was made in the fourth line and the central section of the third line of the West-to-East Natural Gas Transmission Project as well as in the second Sichuan-to-East natural gas pipeline. Construction on the northern, central, and southern sections of the West-to-East electricity transmission project picked up speed, helping to satisfy the demand for power in the eastern and central regions with a total transmission capacity of over 300 million kilowatts.

区域务实合作步伐加快，苏皖鲁豫省际交界地区协同推进高质量发展行动方案出台实施，湘赣中南部地区与粤港澳大湾区合作发展，广西加快打造粤港澳大湾区重要战略腹地。

Pragmatic cooperation among regions was accelerated. An action plan to advance coordinated high-quality development in border areas between Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong, and Henan provinces was formulated and implemented. The central and southern areas of Hunan and Jiangxi provinces pursued development through cooperation with the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, while Guangxi worked faster to develop itself into an important strategic hinterland of the greater bay area.

区域间合作机制逐步完善，产业对接合作、生态共保联治、公共服务共享、干部人才交流务实开展，检验检测、知识产权、检察监督等领域深化跨区域协作。

The mechanisms for inter-regional cooperation saw steady improvements. Practical results were achieved in promoting industrial connectivity and cooperation, improved environmental protection through joint efforts, sharing of public services, and the flow of officials and high-caliber personnel across regions. Trans-regional collaboration was enhanced in terms of testing and inspection, intellectual property rights, and oversight.

涉税事项加快跨区域通办，全国征纳互动运营中心办理超53万笔跨区域通办业务。

Tax-related issues can now be dealt with across regions at a faster pace, with more than 530,000 trans-regional cases being handled by tax payment service centers across the country.

（九）坚定不移推进生态文明建设，全面绿色转型取得积极进展。

9. We advanced efforts in ecological conservation, securing strong progress toward a green transition in all areas.

出台加快经济社会发展全面绿色转型的意见，持续深入打好污染防治攻坚战，积极稳妥推进碳达峰碳中和，大力实施全面节约战略，美丽中国建设成效明显。

Guidelines on promoting a green transition in all areas of economic and social development were unveiled. We intensified the battle against pollution, worked actively yet prudently toward reaching peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality, and implemented a comprehensive conservation strategy. As a result, notable headway was made in building a Beautiful China.

一是生态环境质量持续改善。

1) The environment continued to improve.

深入打好蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战，全国地级及以上城市细颗粒物（PM2.5）平均浓度为29.3微克/立方米、下降2.7%，空气质量优良天数比率为87.2%；地表水质量达到或好于III类水体比例为90.4%，城市生活污水集中收集率76.6%；化学需氧量排放量、氨氮排放量、挥发性有机物排放量、氮氧化物排放量持续下降。

We made solid progress in keeping our skies blue, waters clear, and lands pollution-free. In cities at and above the prefectural level, the average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was 29.3 µg/m3, a drop of 2.7% from the previous year, and the proportion of days with good or excellent air quality was 87.2%. The proportion of surface water with a quality rating of Grade III or above in cross-sectional assessments reached 90.4%, and 76.6% of urban sewage was collected in a centralized manner. Chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, volatile organic compound, and nitrogen oxide emissions continued to decline.

印发土壤污染源头防控行动计划。

An action plan for preventing and controlling soil contamination at the source was published.

深入实施环境基础设施建设水平提升行动，强化塑料污染和过度包装全链条治理，深入推进快递包装绿色转型。

We advanced the initiative to upgrade our environmental infrastructure, tightened whole-chain control of plastic pollution and excessive packaging, and encouraged a shift toward increased use of green packaging in the delivery industry.

二是生态系统保护修复不断强化。

2) Efforts to protect and restore ecosystems were constantly strengthened.

不断健全山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理机制，加快实施重要生态系统保护和修复重大工程，持续深化水土流失综合防治和荒漠化治理，全面启动“三北”工程三大标志性战役。

We continued to refine the mechanisms for integrated protection and systematic governance of mountain, water, forest, farmland, grassland, and desert ecosystems. We worked faster to carry out major projects for protecting and restoring key ecosystems, continued with comprehensive prevention and treatment of soil erosion and desertification, and fully launched the three landmark projects for the national shelterbelt program in northeast, north, and northwest China.

加快推进母亲河复苏行动，全面推进幸福河湖建设。

The mother river restoration initiative was carried out at a faster pace, alongside advancement of the project to improve rivers and lakes across the country for the people’s benefit.

丹江口库区及其上游流域等江河湖库生态保护治理、东北黑土区等水土流失治理、华北地区等地下水超采综合治理深入推进。

We pushed forward the ecological conservation and improvement of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, such as the Danjiangkou Reservoir area and its upper reaches, the control of soil erosion in the chernozem soils in the northeastern region, and comprehensive treatment of groundwater over-extraction in the northern region.

积极开展大规模国土绿化行动，完成国土绿化任务11505万亩。

Large-scale greening programs were put into practice, covering 7.67 million hectares of land.

实施中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划，出台候鸟迁飞通道保护修复中国行动计划。

The China national biodiversity conservation strategy and action plan (2011–2030) was implemented alongside the formulation of an action plan to protect and restore bird migration routes.

基本建立全域覆盖的生态环境分区管控体系。

Region-specific environmental management systems were basically put in place across the country. Guidelines on setting up pilot zones for the Beautiful China Initiative were published.

印发关于建设美丽中国先行区的实施意见。出台《生态保护补偿条例》，重要流域横向补偿机制建设持续推进。

The regulations on compensation for ecological conservation were issued, and continued efforts were made in developing trans-regional compensation mechanisms regarding major river basins.

出台加快建立生态产品价值实现机制实施方案，开展首批国家生态产品价值实现机制试点。

An implementation plan for creating mechanisms to realize the market value of ecosystem goods and services was issued, and the first national trial to this end was launched.

探索生态工程建设管理多元投入机制。

Options were explored in designing a mechanism for diversified investment in the construction and management of ecological projects.

深入落实青藏高原生态保护法。

The Law on Ecological Conservation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was fully implemented.

三是推进碳达峰碳中和取得积极进展。

3) Positive headway was made in achieving peak carbon and carbon neutrality.

加快构建碳排放双控制度体系，完善碳排放统计核算、预算管理和标准计量体系，完善碳定价机制，推进国家碳达峰试点建设。

We hastened establishment of systems to control the total amount and intensity of carbon emissions, refined the systems of statistics and accounting, budget management, and standards and measurements for carbon emissions, improved carbon pricing mechanisms, and advanced the pilot projects for achieving peak carbon emissions.

稳步扩大全国碳排放权交易市场行业覆盖范围，启动全国温室气体自愿减排交易市场。

The China Carbon Emission Trade Exchange was steadily extended to more industries, and the National Voluntary Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Trading Market was launched.

发展绿色低碳产业，制定2024年版绿色低碳转型产业指导目录和绿色技术推广目录。

To promote the development of green and low-carbon industries, we published the 2024 edition catalog of industries designated for green, low-carbon transition and the 2024 edition catalog of recommended green technologies.

在钢铁、炼油、合成氨、水泥、电解铝、数据中心、煤电等重点行业实施节能降碳专项行动，粗钢、电解铝、水泥熟料、平板玻璃等单位产品综合能耗均处于世界领先水平。

The initiative to conserve energy and reduce carbon emissions was launched in key sectors such as iron and steel, oil refining, synthetic ammonia, cement, electrolytic aluminum, data centers, and coal-fired power plants. Comprehensive energy consumption per unit of production in crude steel, electrolytic aluminum, cement clinker, flat glass, and other industries reached the world’s top standards.

新型能源体系建设取得新进展，全年新增风电、太阳能发电装机3.6亿千瓦，占新增总装机比重超过82%，总装机规模突破14亿千瓦，提前6年完成对外承诺目标。

Fresh progress was made in developing a new energy system. In 2024, the newly installed capacity of wind and solar power amounted to 360 million kilowatts, accounting for over 82% of the total newly installed capacity. The total installed capacity of wind and solar power surpassed 1.4 billion kilowatts, thus meeting the proposed target six years ahead of schedule.

新核准江苏徐圩一期、浙江三澳二期、山东招远一期、广东陆丰一期、广西白龙一期等五个核电项目。

Five new nuclear power programs were approved: Jiangsu Xuwei Phase One, Zhejiang San’ao Phase Two, Shandong Zhaoyuan Phase One, Guangdong Lufeng Phase One, and Guangxi Bailong Phase One.

扣除原料用能和非化石能源消费量后的单位国内生产总值能耗降低3.8%，单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放量降低3.4%，非化石能源占能源消费总量比重19.8%。

With the deduction of non-fossil fuels in addition to coal, petroleum, and natural gas consumed as raw materials, energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP fell by 3.8% and 3.4% respectively, and the share of non-fossil fuels in total energy consumption was 19.8%.

四是实施全面节约战略成效明显。

4) Notable achievements were made in implementing a comprehensive conservation strategy.

严格固定资产投资项目节能审查，深入开展重点用能单位能效诊断，坚决遏制高耗能高排放项目盲目上马。

We strictly examined energy saving in fixed-asset investment projects, carried out initiatives to diagnose energy efficiency of major energy consumers, and resolutely prohibited the blind, excessive launching of energy-intensive and high-emission projects.

出台粮食节约和反食品浪费行动方案。

An action plan for saving grain and opposing food waste was introduced.

推动土地资源节约集约利用和矿产资源综合利用。

We promoted the economical, efficient use of land resources and comprehensive utilization of mineral resources.

出台《节约用水条例》，强化用水总量和强度双控，推进重点城市再生水利用三年行动，万元国内生产总值用水量下降4.4%。

The regulations on water conservation were enacted to maintain stricter control over the total volume and intensity of water consumption, and the three-year plan to promote the utilization of reclaimed water in key cities was carried out. As a result, water consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP dropped by 4.4%.

大力发展循环经济，出台加快构建废弃物循环利用体系的意见，分品类推进废钢铁、废有色金属、退役动力电池、建筑垃圾等废弃物循环利用。

To further promote the circular economy, guidelines on accelerating the establishment of a system for recycling waste and used materials were released, and continued efforts were made to promote the category-specific recycling of scrap iron, steel, and non-ferrous metals, as well as decommissioned power batteries and construction waste.

（十）持续提升安全保障能力，重点领域风险有序化解。

10. We consistently improved our security capacity, taking orderly steps to defuse risks in key areas.

牢固树立和践行总体国家安全观，更好统筹发展和安全，有效防范化解国家经济安全风险。

Applying a holistic approach to national security, we delivered better performance in bolstering both development and security and prevented and defused economic security risks.

一是粮食安全保障有力。

1) Food security was effectively ensured.

扎实推进藏粮于地、藏粮于技。

We made solid progress in increasing food production through better farmland management and the application of technology.

严格落实耕地保护和粮食安全党政同责。

We rigorously implemented the policy that both Party committees and governments assume the responsibility for ensuring food security and arable land protection.

深化粮食购销和储备管理体制机制改革。

We advanced reform of the institutions and mechanisms related to the purchase and sale of grain and the management of grain reserves.

启动实施新一轮千亿斤粮食产能提升行动。

We launched a new round of initiatives to increase grain production output by 50 million metric tons.

支持建设高标准农田1.05亿亩，亩均中央补助标准大幅提高至2000元以上。

We provided support to the development of 7 million hectares of high-standard cropland, significantly raising central government subsidies to over 30,000 yuan per hectare, a marked increase from previous standards.

印发实施全国农田灌溉发展规划。

A national plan on cropland irrigation and cultivation was released.

持续推进现代种业提升工程。深入开展粮油等主要作物大面积单产提升行动。

We implemented projects to upgrade the modern seed industry and continued to increase the per unit yield of grain, edible oils, and other major crops on large tracts of land.

继续提高稻谷、小麦最低收购价，扩大完全成本保险和种植收入保险政策实施范围，完善化肥等农资保供稳价应对机制。

We once again raised the minimum purchase price for rice and wheat, expanded the coverage of full-cost insurance and income insurance for grain production, and improved contingency plans for ensuring the provision of agricultural supplies, such as chemical fertilizers, at stable prices.

统筹做好粮食市场化收购及政策性收储、棉糖化肥市场调控。

Meanwhile, we exercised better coordination in market-based grain procurement, policy-supported grain purchase and storage, and market regulation for cotton, sugar, and chemical fertilizers.

二是能源资源安全基础持续巩固。

2) The foundation for energy and resource security was further consolidated.

配合出台能源法、修订矿产资源法，公布《稀土管理条例》。

We assisted efforts to enact the Energy Law and the revised Mineral Resources Law and promulgated the Regulations on Rare Earth Administration.

稳步推进能源产供储销体系建设，一次能源生产总量49.8亿吨标准煤，其中，原油产量2.13亿吨，天然气产量2464.5亿立方米；全年发电量10.1万亿千瓦时。

Steady headway was made in building up the systems for energy production, supply, storage, and marketing. Primary energy production totaled 4.98 billion metric tons of standard coal, including 213 million metric tons of crude oil and 246.45 billion cubic meters of natural gas; total annual electricity output reached 10.1 trillion kilowatt-hours.

煤炭先进产能有序释放，全国统调电厂存煤保持在2亿吨以上。

The potential of advanced coal production capacity was gradually unlocked, and the coal stockpiles at major power plants nationwide stayed above 200 million metric tons.

保障各类发电机组多发满发，加强电力需求侧管理。扎实做好重点时段能源保供工作。

With power-generating units of all types increasing output or operating at maximum capacity, we strengthened demand-side management of electricity and made strenuous efforts to ensure energy supply during times of peak demand.

持续加大国内油气勘探开发力度，加快建设管网和储气基础设施，“全国一张网”更加完善。

We stepped up the exploration and development of oil and natural gas across the country, accelerated the construction of transmission pipelines and gas storage infrastructure, and built up the national pipeline network.

深入推进新一轮找矿突破战略行动。加快构建大国储备体系。

We pushed ahead with the new round of strategic initiatives for breakthroughs in mineral exploration, worked faster to establish a national reserve system that meets the needs of a country as large as China, and followed a pragmatic approach in advancing international energy cooperation.

三是产业链供应链韧性稳步提升。

3) Industrial and supply chains became more resilient.

加力推进重点领域关键核心技术攻关，全面实施制造业重点产业链高质量发展行动，加强产业链供应链风险监测预警和及时处置。

We redoubled efforts to secure breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields and comprehensively implemented an initiative for promoting high-quality development of key manufacturing chains.

持续推动产业链供应链国际合作。

Meanwhile, we strengthened risk monitoring, early warning, swift response, and international cooperation in industrial and supply chains.

四是数据安全保障能力不断强化。

4) Capacity for ensuring data security was enhanced.

网络安全态势感知、互联网协议第6版（IPv6）监测预警和应急处置能力不断加强，数据安全管理认证和个人信息保护认证工作有序推进，数据分类分级标准规范实施。

We further enhanced our capacity for tracking and analyzing cybersecurity dynamics and for Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) monitoring, early warning, and emergency response. Steady progress was made in data security management certification and personal information protection certification.

出台《网络数据安全管理条例》。

Standards for data categorization and grading were adopted, and regulations on network data security management were issued.

建立健全数据流通安全治理机制，全国一体化算力网络枢纽节点安全保障不断强化。

Improvements were made to the governance mechanism for data circulation security, and efforts were stepped up to safeguard the security of hub nodes in the national integrated computing network.

促进和规范数据跨境流动。

Cross-border flows of data was promoted and brought under better regulation.

五是经济金融重点领域风险化解有序有效。

5) Systematic risk mitigation in key economic and financial sectors proved effective.

发挥城市房地产融资协调机制作用，打好商品住房项目保交房攻坚战。

By leveraging the financing coordination mechanism for urban real estate projects, we launched a campaign to ensure timely delivery of presold commercial housing units.

积极稳定资本市场，新设并稳步推进使用证券、基金、保险公司互换便利以及股票回购增持专项再贷款两项工具，四季度沪深两市股票成交量、成交金额环比分别增长1.1倍、1.6倍。

We adopted proactive measures to stabilize the capital market, introducing two new financial instruments—a swap facility for securities, funds, and insurance companies and a lending facility for share buybacks and shareholding increases, and gradually expanding their use. As a result, the transaction volume and total value of transactions at the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges grew by 110% and 160% respectively in the fourth quarter of 2024 compared with the third quarter.

积极化解地方政府债务风险，一次性增加6万亿元地方政府专项债务限额置换存量隐性债务，其中2024年安排2万亿元。

To help defuse local government debt risks, a one-time increase of 6 trillion yuan was approved for local government special-purpose bonds to replace existing hidden debt, with 2 trillion yuan of this increase arranged for 2024.

加大金融支持融资平台债务风险化解力度，平稳有序压降融资平台数量和债务规模。

Financial support was stepped up for addressing the debt of financing platforms, and orderly steps were taken to steadily reduce the number of such platforms and the scale of their debt.

健全金融稳定保障体系，地方中小金融机构改革化险稳妥推进。

The system for safeguarding financial stability grew more robust, and the reform to defuse risks in high-risk small and medium financial institutions proceeded smoothly.

开展打击非法集资专项行动，清理“伪金交所”活动。

An initiative was launched to combat illegal fundraising and eradicate underground financial asset exchanges.

六是安全生产和防灾减灾救灾有力有序。

6) Impactful, well-ordered measures were adopted to ensure workplace safety and strengthen disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief.

开展安全生产治本攻坚三年行动，强化安全生产全过程监管，全国生产安全事故起数下降11.2%。

Carrying out a three-year drive to address the root causes of workplace accidents and ensure production safety, we strengthened oversight over the entire production process and brought down the number of workplace accidents by 11.2%.

扎实做好防灾减灾救灾工作，抓好以京津冀为重点的华北地区、积石山灾后恢复重建，甘肃、青海两省因灾倒损民房维修加固和重建全部完成。

In disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief, we worked to support post-disaster recovery and reconstruction in northern China with a focus on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and in Jishishan of Gansu Province and ensured that the repair, reinforcement, and reconstruction of houses damaged by earthquakes in Gansu and Qinghai provinces were completed.

支持海河流域重大水利、重要城市防洪排涝、重点区域气象应急、重点水域交通安全保障等工程建设。

We also provided support to engineering projects such as those for water conservation in the Haihe River basin, flood prevention and drainage in major cities, emergency response to extreme meteorological events in key regions, and transportation safety in key waterways.

七是国防动员和国防建设有力推进。

7) Strong headway was made in national defense mobilization and development.

健全国防建设军事需求提报机制，深入推进新兴领域战略能力有关战略和规划落地实施，加强重大项目共建和资源要素共享。

We improved the mechanisms for submitting and reporting on defense-related military needs, implemented the strategies and plans concerning strategic capabilities in emerging domains, and strengthened collaboration and sharing of resources and production factors in key projects.

推动深化人民防空管理体制改革，以空间规划牵引人防工程布局优化，提升防空防灾融合能力，强化疏散体系建设和防护设备规范管理。

We advanced reform of the management system for civil air defense, improved the layout of civil air defense projects through better spatial planning, enhanced China’s capacity for integrated air defense and disaster prevention, bolstered the development of evacuation systems, and strengthened standardized management of defense equipment.

持续做好国防培训教育、宣传普及和阵地建设工作。

We continued to raise public awareness and improve public knowledge of national defense through educational and outreach activities and further consolidated our positions.

（十一）落实落细惠民举措，民生保障扎实有力。

11. We took solid, meticulous measures to serve the people, providing strong safeguards for public wellbeing.

坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，加力推进稳就业促增收，社会保障和基本公共服务水平进一步提升。

In following the people-centered development philosophy, we intensified efforts to stabilize employment and increase incomes and further improved social security and basic public services.

一是稳就业促增收取得积极成效。

1) Clear results were achieved in keeping employment stable and promoting growth in personal incomes.

出台实施就业优先战略促进高质量充分就业的意见。延续实施失业保险援企稳岗政策，优化整合吸纳就业补贴和扩岗补助。

We released guidelines on implementing the employment-first strategy to promote high-quality, full employment, extended the policy of using unemployment insurance funds to support enterprises in maintaining stable payrolls, and integrated enterprise subsidies for hiring jobseekers from key groups with subsidies for hiring young people.

强化高校毕业生、脱贫人口、农民工以及就业困难人员等就业帮扶。

We heightened employment assistance to college graduates, people lifted out of poverty, rural migrant workers, and people facing difficulties in finding employment.

实施高校毕业生等青年就业服务攻坚行动、先进制造业促就业行动和百万就业见习岗位募集计划，构建高校毕业生高质量就业服务体系。

This included a campaign to provide employment services for college graduates and other youths, an initiative to boost employment through developing advanced manufacturing, a plan for creating at least 1 million internship opportunities, and efforts to build a high-quality employment service system for college graduates.

加大力度支持公共实训基地建设，持续做好重点人群技能培训。

In addition, we increased support for public training centers and continued to provide skills training for targeted groups.

做好退役军人就业服务保障，提高优抚补助标准。

We worked to ensure employment services and support for ex-service personnel and increased subsidies for entitled groups.

城镇新增就业1256万人，城镇调查失业率平均为5.1%。全国居民人均可支配收入实际增长5.1%。城乡居民人均可支配收入比为2.34，城乡居民收入相对差距继续缩小。

These efforts paid off: 12.56 million urban jobs were created; the average surveyed urban unemployment rate dipped to 5.1%; national per capita disposable income rose by 5.1% in real terms; and the ratio of per capita income between urban and rural residents was 2.34, signifying a narrowing gap between urban and rural incomes.

指导地方上调最低工资标准。向困难群众发放一次性生活补助，惠及1100多万人。

We guided local governments to raise minimum wages and offered one-off living allowances to more than 11 million people in need.

二是社会保障水平稳步提高。

2) Social security was steadily improved.

年末参加基本养老保险人数10.7亿人，其中，参加城镇职工基本养老保险人数5.3亿人。

As of the end of last year, the number of people covered by basic old-age insurance had reached 1.07 billion, including 530 million participants in insurance schemes for urban employees.

按照3%的总体水平调整退休人员基本养老金，提高城乡居民基础养老金最低标准。

Along with an overall increase of 3% in basic pension benefits for retirees, the minimum basic old-age insurance benefits for rural and non-working urban residents were also raised.

企业职工基本养老保险全国统筹制度持续推进。

Steady progress was made in placing basic old-age insurance funds for enterprise employees under unified national management.

工伤、失业保险省级统筹进一步巩固完善。

The system for unified management of workers’ compensation insurance and unemployment insurance funds at the provincial level was consolidated and refined.

新就业形态人员职业伤害保障试点工作进展顺利。

The trials of occupational injury insurance for people in new forms of employment proceeded smoothly.

规范完善医保体系，建立基本医保参保长效机制，制度化常态化开展药品耗材集采。

In an effort to improve the medical insurance system, we established a mechanism for encouraging continuous, long-term participation in the basic medical insurance scheme and institutionalized regular bulk government purchases of medicines and medical consumables.

将城乡居民基本医疗保险财政补助标准提高至每人每年670元，有序开展儿童参加基本医疗保险专项行动，不断提高高校学生医疗保障质量。

We raised government subsidies for basic medical insurance for rural and non-working urban residents to 670 yuan per person per year, carried out initiatives to gradually expand basic medical insurance coverage for children, and continued to improve medical care for college students.

落实和完善异地就医结算，全年跨省异地就医直接结算惠及2.38亿人次。

Thanks to improved policies on settling medical expenses where they are incurred, 238 million cross-provincial settlements were made last year.

健全低保标准确定和调整机制。

We improved the mechanism for determining and adjusting subsistence allowance standards.

加强低收入人口动态监测，持续做好分层分类社会救助工作。

We strengthened ongoing monitoring for low-income groups and provided multi-tiered, categorized social assistance.

建设筹集配售型保障性住房、保障性租赁住房、公租房共计180万套（间）。

We built or arranged for 1.8 million units of government-subsidized housing for purchase, government-subsidized rental housing, and public rental housing.

三是公共服务体系更加完善。

3) The public service system was further refined.

深入实施基础教育扩优提质行动计划，实施高等教育提质扩容工程，支持高校改善学生宿舍等基本办学条件，加快推进一批“双一流”高校新校区建设。

We advanced the initiative to upgrade basic education, launched a program to expand and improve higher education, provided support to universities in upgrading facilities such as student dormitories, and accelerated construction on the new campuses of a group of world-class universities and universities with world-class disciplines.

提高义务教育阶段家庭经济困难学生生活补助标准。

For compulsory education, we raised living allowances for students from families facing financial difficulties.

国家奖助学金提标扩面、助学贷款提额降息，惠及学生3400多万人次。

For higher education, we raised the standards and expanded the coverage of government scholarships and grants, and we also raised the cap on government-subsidized student loans while lowering the interest rates. Students across the country benefited from these measures over 34 million times.

九年义务教育巩固率95.9%，高中阶段教育毛入学率92%，普通高等教育本科招生数500.9万人，研究生招生数135.7万人。

As a result, the retention rate in compulsory education and the gross enrollment ratio for senior secondary education reached 95.9% and 92% respectively. Regular institutions of higher learning enrolled 5.009 million undergraduate and 1.357 million graduate students.

统筹推进国家医学中心、国家区域医疗中心建设，全面推进紧密型县域医共体建设，促进优质医疗资源扩容下沉和区域均衡布局。

We coordinated the development of national medical research centers and national-level regional medical centers and advanced effective integration of county-wide medical resources across the country, increasing the supply of quality medical resources and enhancing their availability at the community level and even distribution among regions.

推进医疗机构检查检验结果跨区域、跨医疗机构共享互认。促进中医药传承创新，推动医疗机构制剂跨省调剂使用。

We promoted mutual recognition of medical examination results between medical institutions across regions, encouraged the preservation and innovative development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and facilitated cross-provincial transfer and use of medical institution-made preparations.

每千人口拥有医疗卫生机构床位数7.38张，每千人口拥有执业（助理）医师数3.59人。

The number of beds in medical and healthcare institutions rose to 7.38 per 1,000 people, and the number of licensed physicians and physician assistants reached 3.59 per 1,000 people.

以“一老一小”为重点，实施城市社区嵌入式服务设施建设工程。

We built more service facilities in urban communities, with the focus on elderly care and childcare.

持续开展居家和社区养老服务提升行动，丰富养老产品和服务供给。

The program to improve at-home and community-based elderly care services continued, resulting in a more diverse supply of elderly care products and services.

加快完善生育支持政策体系，支持社会力量发展普惠托育服务，完善普惠托育服务价格形成机制，高质量推进儿童友好城市建设。

We worked faster to refine the policy system for boosting the birth rate, supported private actors in providing public-interest childcare services, and improved the pricing mechanism for such services. Effective measures were adopted to promote the development of children-friendly cities.

每千人口拥有3岁以下婴幼儿托位数3.7个。

The number of nursery care slots for children under three was 3.7 per 1,000 people.

持续提升民族地区公共服务能力，加快构建互嵌式社会结构和社区环境。实施家政服务质量提升十大行动，深化家政服务业产教融合。

We enhanced the capacity to provide public services in areas with large ethnic minority populations and moved faster to foster a social structure and community environment characterized by close integration between different ethnic groups. We launched 10 programs on improving domestic services and advanced integration between industry and training in the domestic service sector.

加强残疾人、困境儿童等特殊困难群体关爱服务保障，开展全国流动儿童和留守儿童监测摸排，首次建立流动儿童在居住地享有关爱服务基础清单。

We redoubled efforts to ensure support and care for vulnerable groups such as people with disabilities and children in need. We conducted monitoring and surveys on children of rural migrant workers who move with their parents or are left behind in the countryside. For the first time in history, a basic checklist of services was established for children who move around with their migrant-worker parents to ensure their access to services in their places of residence.

强化残疾人权益保障，为残疾人服务设施数达4614个。

We better protected the rights and interests of people with disabilities, putting in place a total of 4,614 service facilities for them.

推动省级盲人按摩医院建设。

Greater efforts were made in developing provincial-level blind massage hospitals.

加强公益性殡葬设施建设。

Higher attention was paid to building public-interest funeral service facilities.

四是文化事业和文化产业繁荣发展。

4) Cultural programs and industries were boosted.

深入实施中华优秀传统文化传承发展工程，持续推进长城、大运河、长征、黄河、长江国家文化公园建设，开展第四次全国文物普查，北京中轴线成功列入世界遗产名录，“春节”列入人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录，推动完善文化遗产保护领域法规制度体系。

Initiatives were launched to help fine traditional Chinese culture continue thriving. Headway was made in the construction of the Great Wall, Grand Canal, Long March, Yellow River, and Yangtze River national cultural parks. The fourth national survey of cultural artifacts was carried out. The Beijing Central Axis entered the World Heritage List, and the Spring Festival was added to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. The system of rules and regulations for cultural heritage protection was improved.

召开全国旅游发展大会，推出新一批国家5A级旅游景区、国家级旅游度假区。

The National Tourism Development Conference was held, and more sites were named 5A tourist attractions and national-level vacation resorts.

湖南十八洞村等7个乡村入选联合国旅游组织“最佳旅游乡村”。

Seven rural communities, such as Shibadong in Hunan Province, were recognized as Best Tourism Villages by UN Tourism.

铸牢中华民族共同体意识，各民族交往交流交融更加广泛深入。

The sense of community for the Chinese nation grew stronger, leading to broader and deeper interaction, communication, and integration between different ethnic groups.

持续构建更高水平全民健身公共服务体系，完善大运河国家步道体系，加快体育公园建设，加强社会足球场地和青少年足球训练中心建设。

Amid continuous efforts to build a higher-standard public fitness services system, we improved national-level walking trails along the Grand Canal, accelerated the construction of sports parks, and stepped up the development of public soccer fields and football training centers for young people.

2024年经济和社会发展计划执行情况总体较好。

Overall, the implementation of the 2024 plan for social and economic development was successful.

经济增长、社会民生等预期目标较好实现；创新驱动发展深入推进，全社会研发经费投入持续较快增长，基础研究经费投入占研发经费投入比重、数字经济核心产业增加值占比持续提高；绿色低碳转型步伐加快，生态环境质量持续改善，单位国内生产总值能耗下降超额完成年度目标任务，主要污染物排放量继续下降，非化石能源消费占比稳步提升；民生保障扎实有力，城镇就业整体稳定，居民收入增长快于经济增长；安全保障能力进一步提升，粮食和原油、天然气产量持续增长。

The projected targets for specific aspects, including economic growth and public wellbeing, were satisfactorily met. Steady progress was made in innovation-driven development thanks to continued, rapid increases in R&D spending across society. We saw further increases in spending on basic research as a proportion of total R&D spending and in the value-added of core digital economy industries as a proportion of GDP. The transition toward a green and low-carbon development model picked up pace, mirrored by further improvements in the environment. The decrease in energy consumption per unit of GDP surpassed the annual target, the amount of major pollutant emissions continued to fall, and the share of non-fossil energy in the total energy consumption steadily rose. Solid steps were taken to guarantee the people’s wellbeing, overall urban employment remained stable, and personal income grew faster than the economy. Our ability to guarantee security was further enhanced, and grain, crude oil, and natural gas outputs continued to grow.

但全员劳动生产率增速略低于国内生产总值增速，主要原因是：年均就业人员较上年增加；社会消费品零售总额增长较慢，主要原因是：外部环境变化带来的不利影响加深，导致国内就业增收压力加大，叠加价格因素，对社会消费品零售总额增长形成制约；居民消费价格指数水平较低，主要原因是：受国际大宗商品价格下降传导、国内需求不足、部分行业低价竞争等影响，居住、汽车等商品和服务价格走势不及预期；

Nevertheless, overall labor productivity grew at a slower pace than GDP mainly due to an increase in the number of employed people compared with the previous year. The growth in total retail sales of consumer goods was also relatively slow; besides the added factor of rising prices, the main causes constraining this growth were changes in the external environment exerting a more adverse impact on China, which increased employment pressure and slowed income growth. The consumer price index (CPI) remained relatively low due to the following factors: the ripple effects of lower prices for commodities in the international market, sluggish domestic demand, low price competition in a number of sectors, as well as lower-than-expected prices of housing, motor vehicles, and other goods and services.

外商直接投资规模有所下降，主要原因是：外部环境复杂性、严峻性、不确定性明显上升，各国引资竞争加剧；单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放降低不及预期，主要原因是：受疫后经济复苏和极端天气频发影响，工业和民用领域能源消费增长较快。

In addition, the amount of foreign direct investment decreased, due to an increasingly complicated, grave, and uncertain international environment and fiercer competition with other countries in attracting investment. The reduction in carbon emissions per unit of GDP also fell short of expectations mainly due to rapid growth in the energy consumption in industries and the civilian sector as a result of post-Covid economic recovery and frequent extreme weather events.

过去一年，面对变乱交织的国际环境和艰巨繁重的国内改革发展稳定任务，我国经济社会发展取得上述成绩来之不易、值得倍加珍惜。

Over the past year, against the backdrop of a volatile and tumultuous international environment and the challenging tasks of advancing reform and development and ensuring stability at home, the achievements we made in economic and social development were indeed not easily attained and as such should be valued even more.

这些成绩的取得，根本在于习近平总书记领航掌舵，在于习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想科学指引，是以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导的结果，是全党全军全国各族人民团结奋斗的结果。

We owe these achievements to General Secretary Xi Jinping, who is at the helm charting the course, and to the sound guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We also owe them to the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, and to the concerted efforts of the whole Party, the armed forces, and Chinese people of all ethnic groups.

在此过程中，全国人大实行正确监督、有效监督、依法监督，全国人大代表依法参加行使国家权力，对经济社会发展工作提出很多很好的意见建议；全国政协加强政治协商、民主监督、参政议政，全国政协委员积极建言献策，在推动落实党中央重大决策部署上发挥了重要作用。

In the process of achieving our goals, the NPC exercised oversight in an appropriate, effective, and law-based manner, and NPC deputies participated in the exercise of state power in accordance with the law, offering many constructive opinions and suggestions on social and economic development work. The CPPCC National Committee provided further political consultation, strengthened democratic oversight, and increased participation in the deliberation and administration of state affairs, and their members actively contributed their views and suggestions, playing an important role in facilitating the implementation of major decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee.

当前，外部环境变化带来的不利影响加深，我国经济运行仍面临不少困难和挑战。

At present, the negative impact of the external environment is increasing, and our economy still faces multiple difficulties and challenges.

从国际看，世界百年变局加速演进，外部环境更趋复杂严峻，可能对我国贸易、科技等领域造成更大冲击。

Internationally, once-in-a-century changes are unfolding across the world at a faster pace. An increasingly complex and severe external environment may exert a greater impact on China in areas such as trade as well as science and technology.

世界经济增长动能不足、分化加剧，地缘政治紧张因素依然较多，全球治理面临严峻挑战，单边主义和贸易保护主义升级，多边贸易体制正常运转受到严重影响，民粹主义和内顾倾向增强，关税壁垒增多，影响全球市场预期和投资信心，冲击全球产业链供应链稳定，对国际经济循环造成阻碍，外部输入性风险增多。

Global economic growth momentum remains insufficient, and polarization is growing. While the factors causing geopolitical tensions remain numerous, global governance faces severe challenges. Mounting unilateralism and protectionism are heavily affecting the normal operation of the multilateral trading system. The rise of populism and inward-looking attitudes, as well as the increase of tariff barriers, undermine global market expectations and investor confidence and disrupt the stability of global industrial and supply chains. This has impeded the international economic flow and led to an increase in externally-generated risks.

从国内看，经济回升向好基础还不稳固，有效需求仍然不足，特别是消费增长内生动力偏弱；一些行业出现“内卷式”竞争，部分企业利润收缩、生产经营困难增多，账款拖欠问题仍较突出；民生保障存在短板，群众就业增收面临压力，基本公共服务均等化水平仍需提升；一些地方基层财政困难，重点领域风险隐患仍然较多；社会矛盾化解和风险防范工作还需加强；安全生产形势严峻复杂，自然灾害点多面广，生态环境质量稳定改善压力依然较大。

Domestically, the foundation for China’s sustained economic recovery and growth is not strong enough. Effective demand is weak, and consumption, in particular, is sluggish. Rat-race competition is emerging in a few sectors, some enterprises are faced with shrinking profits and increased difficulties in production and operations, and overdue payments to enterprises remain relatively acute. There are still a number of weaknesses in areas related to the people’s wellbeing, such as pressures on job creation and income growth and insufficient equitable access to basic public services. Some local governments are experiencing financial difficulties, and there are many risks and potential dangers in key areas. More work should be done to address social problems and preventing risks. There is a pressing need to ensure workplace safety, natural disasters have occurred frequently in multiple regions, and the task of steadily improving the environment remains a challenge.

同时，工作效能和依法行政能力有待提升，形式主义、官僚主义现象仍较突出，一些工作协调配合不够，有的政策落地偏慢、效果不及预期，有的干部缺乏担当实干精神，一些领域腐败案件频发，这都需要我们高度重视，在工作中认真加以改进。

Meanwhile, work efficiency and the capacity for law-based administration need to be improved. Pointless formalities and bureaucratism remain rather pronounced. Coordination and cooperation are lacking in some areas of our work, and the pace of implementation for some policies is too slow and the results are less than expected. Some officials lack a sense of responsibility and the readiness to get down to work. There are frequent instances of corruption in some sectors.

我们既要正视困难问题，更要坚定发展信心。

We must pay close attention to each of these problems and work to address them. As it is essential we face these difficulties and problems head on, we must also maintain firm confidence in our development.

从有利条件看，我国经济基础稳、优势多、韧性强、潜能大，长期向好的支撑条件和基本趋势没有变。

Regarding favorable conditions, the Chinese economy has a solid foundation, advantages in many areas, strong resilience, and great potential. The conditions for and underlying trends of long-term growth remain unchanged.

我国具有社会主义市场经济的体制优势、超大规模市场的需求优势、产业体系配套完整的供给优势、大量勤劳智慧高素质劳动者和企业家的人才优势，有需求升级、结构优化、动能转换的广阔增长空间，进一步全面深化改革300多项重大改革举措加快落地将激发经济发展内生动能，因地制宜发展新质生产力将培育更多新的增长点。

We have institutional strengths inherent to a socialist market economy and advantages in terms of demand, supply, and human resources given by China’s vast market, a complete and well-supported industrial system, and a large, intelligent, diligent, and high-caliber workforce as well as entrepreneurs. The demand upgrades, structural improvements, and a shift to new growth drivers will bring broader prospects for further growth. Accelerated implementation of over 300 major measures for further deepening reform comprehensively will boost internal forces driving economic development, and efforts to foster new quality productive forces in line with local conditions will create new areas of growth.

最为重要的是，我们有以习近平同志为核心的党中央的坚强领导，有习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的科学指引，有集中力量办大事的中国特色社会主义制度优势。

Most importantly, we have the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, the sound guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and the strength of the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics in pooling resources to accomplish major tasks.

只要我们坚决贯彻落实党中央、国务院决策部署，努力把各方面积极因素转化为发展实绩，就能够战胜前进道路上的一切艰难险阻，推动中国经济回升向好、行稳致远。

We must resolutely implement the decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee and the State Council and work to translate all of these positive factors into substantial growth. So long as we continue doing so, we will be able to overcome all difficulties and obstacles on the road ahead, promote economic recovery and growth, and secure long-term economic stability.

二、2025年经济社会发展总体要求、主要目标和政策取向

II. Overall Requirements, Main Objectives, and Policy Orientations for Economic and Social Development in 2025

2025年是“十四五”规划收官之年，做好经济社会发展工作意义重大。

The year 2025 is the final year for implementing the 14th Five-Year Plan. It is highly important that we deliver in promoting economic and social development.

（一）总体要求。

1. Overall Requirements

要在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻落实党的二十大和二十届二中、三中全会精神，按照中央经济工作会议部署，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，完整准确全面贯彻新发展理念，加快构建新发展格局，扎实推动高质量发展，进一步全面深化改革，扩大高水平对外开放，建设现代化产业体系，更好统筹发展和安全，实施更加积极有为的宏观政策，扩大国内需求，推动科技创新和产业创新融合发展，稳住楼市股市，防范化解重点领域风险和外部冲击，稳定预期、激发活力，推动经济持续回升向好，不断提高人民生活水平，保持社会和谐稳定，高质量完成“十四五”规划目标任务，为实现“十五五”良好开局打牢基础。

We must, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, do the following:  follow the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era  implement the guiding principles from the Party’s 20th National Congress and the second and third plenary sessions of the 20th Party Central Committee  act on the guidelines of the Central Economic Work Conference  adhere to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability  fully and faithfully apply the new development philosophy on all fronts, move faster to create a new pattern of development, and promote high-quality development  further deepen reform comprehensively and expand high-standard opening up  modernize the industrial system  better ensure both development and security  implement more proactive and effective macro policies  boost domestic demand  promote integrated advancements in technological and industrial innovation  stabilize the real estate market and the stock market  forestall and defuse risks in key areas and external shocks  stabilize expectations and boost economic vitality  promote sustained economic recovery and growth  keep improving people’s living standards  maintain social harmony and stability  fulfill the targets and tasks set in the 14th Five-Year Plan to a high standard These efforts will enable us to lay a solid foundation for making a good start in implementing the 15th Five-Year Plan (2026–2030).

做好经济社会发展工作，必须坚持党中央集中统一领导。

In order to properly promote economic and social development, we must uphold the Party Central Committee’s centralized, unified leadership.

在实际工作中，要统筹好有效市场和有为政府的关系，形成既“放得活”又“管得住”的经济秩序；统筹好总供给和总需求的关系，畅通国民经济循环；统筹好培育新动能和更新旧动能的关系，因地制宜发展新质生产力；统筹好做优增量和盘活存量的关系，全面提高资源配置效率；统筹好提升质量和做大总量的关系，夯实中国式现代化的物质基础。

In carrying out our work, we need to promote better interplay between an efficient market and a well-functioning government, in order to maintain an economic order with both market vitality and effective regulation. We need to better coordinate aggregate supply and demand and ensure smooth flows in the national economy. We need to not only develop new drivers of growth but also revitalize old ones as we work to develop new quality productive forces in line with specific conditions. We need to both optimize the allocation of new resources and make the best use of existing ones in order to ensure efficient allocation of resources on all fronts. We need to balance enhancing quality and expanding total output as we endeavor to lay a solid material foundation for achieving Chinese modernization.

（二）主要预期目标。

2. Main Objectives

深刻把握发展机遇和风险挑战，兼顾需要与可能，并做好与中长期规划充分衔接，提出2025年经济社会发展主要预期目标。

Taking into full consideration both opportunities for development and risks and challenges and balancing what is needed with what is possible, we have set the following main objectives for economic and social development in 2025, which are well-aligned with our country’s medium- and long-term development plans.

——国内生产总值增长5%左右。

GDP growth of around 5%

主要考虑：从客观需要看，无论是应对经济运行面临的突出挑战，稳就业、防风险、惠民生，还是应对外部环境复杂变化，持续提升国际竞争力，都需要一定的经济增长作为支撑，设定这一增长目标，有利于明确导向、凝聚共识，调动各方积极性。

First, maintaining reasonable economic growth is essential for China to effectively respond to the major challenges in economic operations, stabilize employment, guard against risks, improve the people’s wellbeing, deal with complex changes in the external environment, and continue to improve its international competitiveness. A target of around 5% sets the clear direction and is conducive to building consensus and generating motivation in all.

从现实可能看，我国具备保持经济平稳健康发展的支撑条件，宏观政策还有加力空间，通过进一步全面深化改革开放创新，加大宏观政策实施力度，可以有效激发新的发展动能，有能力、有条件实现这一预期目标。

Second, China meets the conditions necessary to maintain steady and healthy economic development, and it still has room for implementing stronger macro policies. By deepening reform, opening up, and innovation across the board and enhancing the intensity of our macro policies, we will develop new drivers of growth and have the ability and conditions to achieve this target.

从目标衔接看，这一目标兼顾当前和长远，与中长期发展目标、近几年经济增速均充分衔接。

Third, this target balances present need with long-term interests. It is well aligned with China’s medium- and long-term development plans and economic growth in recent years.

同时，在外部形势更趋复杂、经济运行困难挑战增多的情况下，实现这一目标并非易事，需要我们锐意进取、攻坚克难，付出艰苦努力。

At the same time, given the increasingly complicated external environment and mounting difficulties and challenges in economic development, we are aware that achieving this target will be no easy task. We need to forge ahead with determination and work hard to overcome the difficulties ahead of us.

——全国城镇调查失业率5.5%左右，城镇新增就业1200万人以上。

A surveyed urban unemployment rate of around 5.5% and more than 12 million new urban jobs

关于全国城镇调查失业率，主要考虑：2025年重点人群就业压力仍然较大，将城镇调查失业率目标定为5.5%左右，与2024年保持一致，体现了加大稳就业力度的导向。

This year, as the employment for key groups will likely remain a big challenge, a target of around 5.5% for surveyed urban unemployment rate, the same as that of last year, reflects our resolve to channel more energy into stabilizing employment.

关于城镇新增就业，主要考虑：2025年需在城镇就业的新成长劳动力规模进一步增加，就业总量与结构性矛盾依然突出，1200万人以上的预期目标与2024年目标保持一致，能够更好体现稳就业惠民生的力度和决心；同时，随着经济持续回升向好，就业政策持续发力，实现这一目标是有支撑的。

This year, there will be a larger number of new entrants to the urban workforce, and the intense pressure on overall job creation and pronounced structural employment problems will persist. Setting the target of new urban jobs at more than 12 million, which is also the same as that of last year, fully demonstrates our determination to stabilize employment and improve the people’s wellbeing. With continued economic recovery and growth and the implementation of employment policies, we have what it takes to achieve this target.

——居民消费价格（CPI）涨幅2%左右。

CPI increase of around 2%

主要考虑：这一目标有利于稳定市场预期，通过各类政策和改革共同作用，改善供求关系，使价格总水平处在合理区间。

This target is conducive to keeping market expectations stable. With the synergistic effect of varied policies and reform measures, we expect to see improved market supply and demand and enable overall prices to stay within an appropriate range.

——居民收入增长和经济增长同步。

Personal income growth in step with economic growth

主要考虑：收入增长是广大人民群众的期盼，也是宏观经济运行和微观主体感受的结合点。

Income growth is what the people expect, and it is also what enables micro entities to feel the benefits of robust macroeconomic performance.

居民收入增长和经济增长同步，与2024年预期目标保持一致，体现了保持居民收入稳定增长的信心和决心；同时，随着经济持续回升向好，扩大中等收入群体、增加低收入群体收入等政策进一步加力，实现这一目标也有支撑。

Setting this year’s goal the same as that of last year reflects our confidence and determination to steadily grow people’s incomes. With continued economic recovery and growth and the implementation of stronger policies to expand the middle-income group and increase the earnings of low-income people, this goal is attainable.

——国际收支保持基本平衡，外贸进出口稳量提质。

A basic equilibrium in the balance of payments and more stable and higher-quality imports and exports

主要考虑：国际环境变乱交织，世界经济延续低位增长态势，保护主义进一步升级，稳外贸稳外资面临更大挑战。

Given the international landscape in which changes and turbulences are constantly swelling and interweaving, world economic growth remains low, and protectionism is on the rise, China faces greater challenges in stabilizing foreign trade and foreign investment.

同时，我国加快建设更高水平开放型经济新体制，稳步扩大制度型开放，超大规模市场优势和完整产业体系优势持续显现，与共建“一带一路”国家等多双边经贸合作关系持续强化，数字贸易、跨境电商等发展加快，都有利于稳定外贸外资。

At the same time, China is moving faster to develop new systems for a higher-standard open economy and continues to steadily expand institutional opening up. Its enormous market and complete industrial chains give it increasingly greater strengths, its bilateral and multilateral economic and trade cooperation with BRI participating countries and others continues to increase, and digital trade and cross-border e-commerce are gathering momentum. All these are conducive to stabilizing foreign trade and foreign investment.

——单位国内生产总值能耗降低3%左右。

A reduction of around 3% in energy consumption per unit of GDP

主要考虑：一方面，预计2025年工业用能、服务业用能、居民生活用能仍将刚性增加，要保障好用能需求。

On the one hand, energy use in industry, the service sector, and individual households will continue to grow this year, and this demand must be met.

另一方面，新能源消费快速增长、主要工业产品生产能耗水平持续降低，单位国内生产总值能耗继续下降也有支撑。

On the other hand, with rapid growth in the consumption of new energy and continued decrease in energy consumption in the production of major industrial products, a further reduction in energy consumption per unit of GDP can be expected.

综合考虑完成“十四五”规划目标、经济发展用能需要、节能降碳工作实际等，2025年扣除原料用能和非化石能源消费量后，单位国内生产总值能耗目标为下降3%左右，为能耗双控向碳排放双控全面转型创造条件、打好基础。

After comprehensively considering the need to accomplish the tasks and objectives laid out in the 14th Five-Year Plan, promote economic growth, conserve energy, and reduce carbon emissions, we have set the goal of reducing energy consumption per unit of GDP by around 3%. In setting this target, we have excluded non-fossil fuels and coal, petroleum, and natural gas consumed as raw materials and will thus create conditions for a complete transition from controlling the total amount and intensity of energy consumption to controlling the total amount and intensity of carbon emissions.

——粮食产量1.4万亿斤左右。

Grain output of around 700 million metric tons

主要考虑：为全方位夯实粮食安全根基，需要持续增强粮食综合生产能力。

We must continue to enhance China’s overall grain production capacity in order to comprehensively consolidate our foundation for food security.

我国粮食产量连续10年稳定在1.3万亿斤以上，其中2024年首次突破1.4万亿斤，2025年设定1.4万亿斤左右的目标，与乡村全面振兴规划、加快建设农业强国规划提出的中长期目标相衔接，有助于稳定农业生产和社会预期，也符合自然规律和农业发展规律。

China’s grain output has remained over 650 million metric tons for 10 consecutive years, exceeding 700 million metric tons for the first time in 2024. A target of around 700 million metric tons for 2025 is consistent with the medium- and long-term goals laid out in the plan for all-around rural revitalization and the plan for accelerating China’s progress toward a strong agricultural country. It is also conducive to stabilizing agricultural production and social expectations while conforming to the laws of nature and agricultural development.

随着藏粮于地、藏粮于技战略深入实施，粮食安全保障能力持续提升，实现这一目标有基础、有支撑。

With the implementation of the food crop production strategy of improving farmland management and increasing the application of technology as well as the improvement of our ability to guarantee food security, we have the foundation and support necessary to attain this goal.

（三）主要宏观政策取向。

3. Major Macro Policy Orientations

要坚持稳中求进、以进促稳，守正创新、先立后破，系统集成、协同配合，充实完善政策工具箱，根据形势变化动态调整政策，加大宏观政策逆周期调节，提高宏观调控的前瞻性、针对性、有效性。

We will stay committed to pursuing progress while ensuring stability, promoting stability through progress, upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, and establishing the new before abolishing the old. We will promote systematic integration and efficient coordination, enrich and improve our policy toolkit, make timely policy adjustments in light of new developments, intensify counter-cyclical adjustments through macro policies, and make macro regulation more forward-looking, targeted, and effective.

实施更加积极的财政政策。

Adopting a more proactive fiscal policy

提高财政赤字率，加大财政支出强度，优化支出结构，加强重点领域保障，提升财政资金使用效能，确保财政政策持续用力、更加给力。

We will raise the deficit-to-GDP ratio, increase fiscal spending intensity, optimize the makeup of our spending, and provide greater support for key areas. We will make more effective use of government funds and carry out our fiscal policy with sustained and greater intensity.

2025年财政赤字率拟按4%左右安排，比2024年高1个百分点，赤字规模5.66万亿元，比2024年增加1.6万亿元。

The deficit-to-GDP ratio for 2025 is projected at around 4%, 1 percentage point higher than last year. The government deficit is set at 5.66 trillion yuan, 1.6 trillion yuan more than last year.

增加发行超长期特别国债，2025年拟发行超长期特别国债1.3万亿元，持续支持“两重”项目和“两新”政策实施。

In 2025, ultra-long special treasury bonds totaling 1.3 trillion yuan will be issued to provide continued support for the implementation of major national strategies and the building of security capacity in key areas and for the implementation of policies on large-scale equipment upgrades and consumer goods trade-in programs.

拟发行特别国债5000亿元，支持国有大型商业银行补充核心一级资本。

Special treasury bonds totaling 500 billion yuan will be issued to replenish Tier 1 capital of large state-owned commercial banks.

增加地方政府专项债券发行使用，2025年拟安排新增地方政府专项债券4.4万亿元。

This year, local government special-purpose bonds to be issued will reach 4.4 trillion yuan. We will work hard to improve living standards, boost consumption, and sustain growth momentum.

更加注重惠民生、促消费、增后劲，中央财政加大对地方一般性转移支付力度，向困难地区和欠发达地区倾斜，兜牢基层“三保”底线。

The central government will increase general transfer payments to local governments, with a tilt toward localities facing economic difficulties and underdeveloped areas, in order to ensure that governments at the primary level have the resources they need to meet the basic living needs of the people, pay salaries, and maintain normal government functions.

党政机关要坚持过紧日子。

Party and government bodies must economize where possible.

实施适度宽松的货币政策。

Applying an appropriately accommodative monetary policy

发挥好货币政策工具总量和结构双重功能，适时降准降息，保持流动性充裕，使社会融资规模、货币供应量增长同经济增长、价格总水平预期目标相匹配。

We will use monetary policy instruments to adjust both the monetary aggregate and structure, lower required reserve ratios and interest rates at the right timing, and maintain adequate liquidity to ensure that increases in aggregate financing and money supply are in step with the projected economic growth and CPI increase.

优化和创新结构性货币政策工具，更大力度促进楼市股市健康发展，加大对科技创新、绿色发展、提振消费以及民营、小微企业等的支持。

We will refine and develop new structural monetary policy instruments, take stronger measures to promote sound development of the real estate sector and the stock market, and provide greater support to scientific and technological innovation, green development, boosting consumption, the private sector, and micro and small businesses.

进一步疏通货币政策传导机制，完善利率形成和传导机制，落实无还本续贷政策，推动社会综合融资成本下降。

We will further improve the monetary policy transmission mechanism, refine the mechanisms for setting and transmitting interest rates, implement the policy on granting loan renewals without full repayment of the principal, and work toward further drops in overall financing costs.

加大对实体经济支持力度，支持金融机构深入挖掘有效信贷需求，加快推动储备项目转化，保持货币信贷合理增长。

We will provide greater support for the real economy, support financial institutions in digging into effective credit demand, accelerate the launching of projects in reserve, and ensure reasonable growth in the supply of money and credit.

强化预期引导，保持汇率弹性，保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定。

We will better guide expectations, maintain the flexibility of exchange rates, and ensure that the RMB exchange rate remains generally stable at an adaptive, balanced level.

探索拓展中央银行宏观审慎与金融稳定功能，创新金融工具，维护金融市场稳定。

We will explore to expand the role of the People’s Bank of China in practicing macro-prudential management and stabilizing the financial sector and develop new financial instruments to keep the financial market stable.

强化宏观政策民生导向。

Pursuing people-oriented macro policies

坚持以人民为中心，经济政策的着力点更多转向惠民生、促消费，以消费提振畅通经济循环，以消费升级引领产业升级，在保障和改善民生中打造新的经济增长点。

We will take a people-centered approach and place a stronger economic policy focus on improving living standards and boosting consumer spending. We will boost and upgrade consumption to stimulate economic flows and industrial upgrading. We will also foster new growth drivers by ensuring and improving the people’s wellbeing.

推动更多资金资源“投资于人”、服务于民生，支持扩大就业、促进居民增收减负、加强消费激励，形成经济发展和民生改善的良性循环。

More funds and resources will be used with a people-centered approach to improve public wellbeing. This will help create more jobs, increase people’s incomes and reduce their burdens, and provide more incentives to stimulate consumption, thus promoting positive interplay between economic growth and improvements in people’s lives.

打好政策“组合拳”。

Improving policy coordination

加强财政、货币、就业、产业、投资、消费、价格、区域、贸易、环保、监管等政策协同以及与改革开放举措的协调配合，完善部门间有效沟通、协商反馈机制，增强政策合力。

We will ensure greater coordination between fiscal, monetary, employment, industrial, investment, consumption, price, regional, trade, environmental, and regulatory policies and their sound interplay with reform and opening up measures and improve mechanisms for inter-departmental communication, negotiation, and feedback, thus increasing the synergy of our policies.

加强财政货币政策工具协同配合，让有限的财政资金引导撬动更多金融资源，更好支持重点领域和关键环节。

We will facilitate coordination and cooperation between fiscal and monetary policy instruments to enable limited government funds to leverage and guide more financial resources and thus better support major fields and key areas.

进一步健全和用好宏观政策取向一致性评估工作机制，把经济政策和非经济性政策统一纳入宏观政策取向一致性评估，统筹政策制定和执行全过程，提升政策目标、工具、时机、力度、节奏的匹配度，促进政策从“最初一公里”到“最后一公里”衔接协同，提高政策整体效能。

We will further improve and better utilize the mechanism for evaluating the consistency of macro policy orientation, including both economic and non-economic policies in the evaluation. Evaluation will cover the entire policy process, from formulation to execution, to ensure proper alignment between policy targets, instruments, timing, intensity, and tempo, so that our policies are coordinated and work in synergy in the whole process from the first mile to the last and produce desirable outcomes as a whole.

出台实施政策能早则早、宁早勿晚，保证足够力度。

We will introduce and implement policies as soon as possible – it is better to act early than late, and we will carry out them with enough intensity.

强化社会预期管理，加强经济宣传和舆论引导，讲好中国经济故事，密切关注经济运行动态，深入了解微观主体感受，积极回应社会关切，营造稳定透明可预期的政策环境。

We will enhance management of expectations, improve communications and guidance of public opinion concerning the economy, present a true narrative of China’s economy, closely monitor economic performance, acquire a deep understanding of how those at the microeconomic level feel, and proactively respond to people’s concerns, so as to create a stable, transparent, and predictable policy environment.

三、2025年国民经济和社会发展计划的主要任务

III. Major Tasks for Economic and Social Development in 2025

2025年，要认真贯彻落实中央经济工作会议精神和全国“两会”部署，重点做好十方面工作。

In the year ahead, we will act on the guiding principles from the Central Economic Work Conference and implement the plans to be adopted at this year’s sessions of the NPC and the CPPCC National Committee. Our focus will be on the following 10 areas.

（一）大力提振消费、提升投资效益，全方位扩大国内需求。

1. Vigorously boosting consumption and investment returns and stimulating domestic demand across the board

加快培育完整内需体系，使内需成为拉动经济增长的主动力和稳定锚。

We will accelerate efforts to foster a complete system of domestic demand and make domestic demand the main engine and anchor of economic growth.

一是实施提振消费专项行动。

1) We will carry out special initiatives to boost consumption.

制定提升消费能力、增加优质供给、改善消费环境政策举措，稳定大宗消费、扩大服务消费、拓展新型消费、合理增加公共消费，推动消费提质升级。

We will introduce policies and measures to increase spending power, boost the supply of quality products and services, and improve the consumption environment. This includes stabilizing consumer spending on big-ticket items, boosting consumption of services, expanding new types of consumption, increasing public spending as appropriate, and encouraging consumption upgrading.

多渠道促进居民增收，推动中低收入群体增收减负，完善劳动者工资正常增长机制。

We will promote personal income growth through a variety of avenues, increase the earnings of low- and middle-income groups and ease their financial burdens, and improve mechanisms for regular pay increases.

因城施策调减房地产消费限制性措施，推动建设安全、舒适、绿色、智慧的“好房子”，更好满足人民群众刚性和改善性住房需求、高品质居住需要。

We will adjust and reduce restrictions on property transactions on a city-by-city basis and encourage the construction of safe, comfortable, eco-friendly, and smart housing to meet both people’s need for a first-time home and their aspirations for improved, high-quality housing.

进一步优化汽车限购管理政策，加快构建充电基础设施体系，开展汽车流通消费改革试点。

We will further optimize the restrictive policies on the purchase of motor vehicles, accelerate the development of a battery charging infrastructure system, and conduct reform trials for automobile distribution and consumption.

加快拓展文化、旅游、体育、健康、养老、托幼、家政、数字等服务消费，实施服务消费提质惠民活动、“百城百区”文化和旅游消费行动计划。

We will move faster to expand consumption of cultural, tourist, sports, healthcare, elderly care, childcare, housekeeping, digital, and other services, implementing initiatives to upgrade services to the benefit of consumers and carrying out the action plan to boost cultural and tourism consumption in 100 cities and 100 consumption clusters.

加快培育带动性广、显示度高的消费新场景，支持影视游戏创作与中华优秀传统文化、特色旅游资源相结合等融合式沉浸式消费新场景发展。

We will expedite the cultivation of high-profile new consumption scenarios of broad appeal, such as immersive experiences that blend the creation of film, television, and video games with traditional Chinese cultural elements and unique tourist resources.

积极发展首发经济、冰雪经济、银发经济。

We will actively develop the debut economy, the ice and snow economy, and the silver economy.

完善游艇、房车露营等新型消费领域管理机制和行业标准，促进“人工智能+消费”，优化消费新业态新领域市场准入环境，加快推动各类新技术应用推广并向消费级产品转化。

We will improve management mechanisms and industry standards for new types of consumption such as yachting and recreational vehicle camping, promote AI plus consumption models, optimize market access for new forms and areas of consumer spending, and accelerate the application and promotion of new technologies and their translation into consumer products.

清理对消费的不合理限制。

We will remove unreasonable restrictions on consumption.

深入实施优化消费环境三年行动，加强消费信用体系和质量标准体系建设，规范网络销售、直播带货领域不合理经营行为，强化消费者权益保护。

We will fully implement the three-year initiative for improving the consumption environment, refine the consumer credit system and the quality standards system, and regulate business practices in online selling, especially product live streaming, in an effort to provide stronger protection for consumer rights and interests.

落实和优化带薪年休假制度。

We will facilitate implementation and improvement of the paid vacation system.

完善外国人入境居留政策和免税店政策，推动扩大入境消费。

We will refine policies on the entry and residence of foreign nationals and on duty-free stores and facilitate inbound consumption.

深化国际消费中心城市建设。

We will continue with our efforts to build a number of cities into international centers of consumption.

二是扩大有效益的投资。

2) We will expand effective investment.

统筹传统和新型基础设施建设、传统和新兴产业发展、“投资于物”和“投资于人”，着力提高投资的经济、社会、生态等综合效益。

We will coordinate the construction of traditional and new types of infrastructure, the development of traditional and emerging industries, and investment in physical assets and in human capital, striving to improve the comprehensive returns of investment in terms of economic, social, ecological, and other spheres.

2025年安排中央预算内投资7350亿元，比2024年多350亿元。

In 2025, investment from the central government budget will reach 735 billion yuan, an increase of 35 billion yuan over last year.

扎实推进重大工程项目建设，推动“十四五”规划102项重大工程圆满收官，及早谋划“十五五”重大项目。

We will make steady progress on major construction projects, working toward completion of the 102 key projects outlined in the 14th Five-Year Plan while making early planning for those to be included in the 15th Five-Year Plan.

常态化做好项目谋划储备，加强用地、用海、用能、环评等要素和融资保障，高质量推进项目前期工作和建设实施，尽快形成实物工作量。

We will conduct ongoing project planning and build up our reserves, provide stronger support for projects in terms of land, sea, and energy use, environmental assessment, financing, and other factors, and advance high-quality preparation, construction, and implementation of projects, so that tangible results can be achieved as soon as possible.

加快地方政府专项债券发行使用，优化完善专项债券管理机制，额度分配向项目准备充分、投资效率较高、资金使用效益好的地区倾斜，扩大用作项目资本金的领域、比例，实施好投向领域“负面清单”管理、下放项目审核权限等措施，在部分省市开展“自审自发”试点。

We will accelerate the issuance and use of local government special-purpose bonds and improve the mechanisms for their management. We will tilt funds raised from the sale of such bonds toward regions where projects are well prepared, investments are more efficient, and funds are used more effectively. We will expand the scope of use for such funds, permitting a greater share of funds to be used as project capital in more sectors. We will implement negative list management in areas receiving investment, delegate project review and approval authority, and conduct trials in selected provinces and cities to allow them to review and approve projects and issue supporting bonds.

建立政府投资支持基础性、公益性、长远性重大项目建设长效机制。

We will set up long-term mechanisms for government investment to support major projects that are of fundamental and far-reaching importance and serve the public interest.

深化投资审批制度改革，完善项目全周期监督管理机制。

We will further reform the investment review and approval system and improve full-cycle project oversight and management mechanisms.

更大力度促进民间投资，从放宽准入、权益保护、要素协同、融资支持等方面进一步健全民营企业参与国家重大项目建设的长效机制，常态化向民间资本推介项目，在铁路、核电、水利、生态环保、仓储物流、新型基础设施、公共服务等领域推出一批吸引民间资本参与的重大项目，规范实施政府和社会资本合作（PPP）新机制，推动基础设施领域不动产投资信托基金（REITs）扩围扩容。

Greater efforts will be made to stimulate private investment. We will further improve the long-term mechanisms for private enterprises to participate in major national projects, by way of easing access, better protecting their rights and interests, coordinating factors, and providing financing support. We will open up projects to private capital on an ongoing basis, including a wide range of major projects in areas such as railways, nuclear power, water conservancy, environmental protection, warehousing and logistics, new types of infrastructure, and public services. We will ensure well-regulated implementation of the new mechanism for public-private partnership and expand the scope and scale of infrastructure real estate investment trusts to include more sectors.

三是加力推进“两重”建设。

3) We will redouble efforts to implement major national strategies and build up security capacity in key areas.

进一步完善自上而下的工作机制，加强“两重”建设项目储备，更好统筹“硬投资”与“软建设”。

We will continue to improve top-down work mechanisms, increase the reserves of projects for implementing major national strategies and building up security capacity in key areas, and better coordinate “hard investment” with “soft development.”

安排超长期特别国债8000亿元支持“两重”建设，进一步优化具体投向并提高项目支持比例，重点支持基础研究能力提升、未来产业发展、东北等重点地区高标准农田建设、大中型灌区新建改造及大中型引调水和大中型水库建设、长江经济带生态环境保护和绿色发展、农业转移人口市民化公共服务体系建设、高等教育提质升级、城市地下管网管廊建设改造等方面任务，强化超长期贷款等配套融资，高质量推进“硬投资”项目谋划实施。

A total of 800 billion yuan will be allocated from ultra-long special treasury bonds to support such projects. We will further improve the direction of investment and increase the proportion of support. The focus of our support will be on increasing basic research capacity, fostering industries of the future, developing high-standard cropland in the northeast and other key regions, developing and upgrading large and medium-sized irrigated areas, building large and medium-sized water diversion projects and reservoirs, promoting environmental conservation and green development in the Yangtze Economic Belt, developing the public service system to accommodate the needs of people from rural areas holding permanent urban residency, improving higher education, and building and upgrading urban underground pipeline networks and utility tunnels. We will increase financing support through ultra-long-term loans and other channels and advance the high-quality planning and implementation of “hard investment” projects.

加大力度推动“软建设”政策落地见效。

We will also intensify efforts to ensure policies promoting “soft development” deliver tangible results.

四是加力扩围实施“两新”政策。

4) We will implement policies on large-scale equipment upgrades and consumer goods trade-in programs with greater intensity and wider scope.

安排超长期特别国债5000亿元支持大规模设备更新和消费品以旧换新，统筹投资、财政、金融等综合性政策，深入推进设备更新、消费品以旧换新、回收循环利用、标准提升四大行动。

We will allocate 500 billion yuan of funds raised from ultra-long special treasury bonds to support large-scale equipment upgrades and consumer goods trade-in programs. We will coordinate investment, fiscal, financial, and other comprehensive policies to support the initiatives for equipment upgrades, replacement of old consumer goods, recycling, and standards improvement.

进一步加大重点领域设备更新项目支持力度，加力实施设备更新贷款贴息，加快存量设备评估诊断和项目储备。

We will provide stronger support for equipment upgrade programs in key areas, increase interest subsidies for loans used for equipment upgrades, and accelerate evaluation and diagnosis of equipment in use to build up the reserve of programs.

进一步支持消费品以旧换新，扩大汽车报废更新支持范围，完善汽车置换更新补贴标准，实施手机、平板等数码产品购新补贴，积极支持家装消费品换新，简化补贴申领和支付流程，完善资金监管机制，严厉打击价格欺诈和违规骗补套补行为。

We will continue to support the replacement of old consumer goods. We will expand the scope of support for scrapping old motor vehicles, improve the subsidy standards for automobile trade-in programs, provide subsidies for buying new cellphones, tablets, and other digital products, and support the replacement of household renovation products. We will simplify subsidy application and payment procedures, improve funds oversight mechanisms, and severely punish price fraud and fraudulent subsidy claims.

（二）因地制宜发展新质生产力，加快建设现代化产业体系。

2. Developing new quality productive forces in light of local conditions and accelerating the development of a modernized industrial system

加快推进新型工业化，出台关于发展新质生产力的意见和提升产业科技创新能力的意见，加快培育壮大新发展动能。

We will press ahead with new industrialization, formulate guidelines on developing new quality productive forces and enhancing the industrial capacity for scientific and technological innovation, and move faster to foster and bolster new drivers of growth.

一是推动传统产业改造提升。

1) We will promote transformation and upgrading of traditional industries.

出台化解重点产业结构性矛盾的政策措施，通过强化产业调控、提质升级破“内卷”。

We will introduce policies and measures for resolving structural problems in key industries and end the phenomenon of “rat-race” competition through industrial regulation and upgrading.

坚持“减油、增化、提质”，推动石化产业向精细化工延伸。

We will advance petrochemical industries toward fine chemical industries by cutting the output of refined petroleum products, increasing the output of chemical products, and enhancing quality.

持续实施粗钢产量调控，推动钢铁产业减量重组。

We will continue to regulate crude steel output and promote restructuring of the steel industry through output reduction.

推动新能源汽车、锂电池、光伏产业有序发展和技术创新，健全新能源汽车动力电池回收利用体系，巩固提升竞争优势。

We will promote orderly development and technological innovation in the new-energy vehicle (NEV), lithium-ion battery, and photovoltaic industries and improve the recycling system for NEV batteries to consolidate and enhance their competitive advantages.

实施造船基地能力提升工程，提高研发设计能力和智能化绿色化水平。

We will carry out the project for increasing the capacity of shipbuilding bases so that they have stronger R&D and design abilities and become smarter and more eco-friendly.

拓展先进纺织材料应用场景，加快推动高性能纤维及其复合材料在航空航天、轨道交通等领域技术突破与应用验证。

We will expand the application scenarios of advanced textile materials and work faster to advance technological breakthroughs and application verification concerning high-performance fibers and their composites in the fields of aviation, aerospace, and rail transit.

推动工业互联网规模化应用，支持人工智能赋能新型工业化，实施制造业数字化转型行动和绿色低碳发展行动。

We will promote large-scale application of the Industrial Internet, support AI-empowered new industrialization, and carry out initiatives for the digital transformation and green, low-carbon development of the manufacturing sector.

开展标准提升引领传统产业优化升级行动。

We will launch an initiative to guide the upgrading of traditional industries through elevation of standards.

编制世界级先进制造业集群培育实施方案。

Implementation plans will be formulated for fostering world-class advanced manufacturing clusters.

增加制造业中长期贷款投放。加大服务业投资力度。

More medium- and long-term loans will be made available to the manufacturing sector, and investment in the service sector will be increased.

聚焦工业设计、检验检测、认证认可、共性技术服务、中试验证等重点环节，推进生产性服务业高质量发展。

We will support high-quality development of producer services with focus on key links such as industrial design, inspection and testing, certification and accreditation, generic technology services, and pilot-scale testing.

二是持续培育壮大新兴产业。

2) We will continue to foster and strengthen emerging industries.

深入实施国家战略性新兴产业集群发展工程，开展培育新兴产业打造新动能行动。

We will continue to implement the project to develop national strategic emerging industry clusters and launch initiatives to foster emerging industries and create new growth drivers.

促进虚拟现实、视听电子、智慧家庭、先进计算、光电融合、新型储能、开源指令集架构等新兴领域抢先突破，支撑电子信息制造业加快迈向全球价值链中高端。

We will facilitate breakthroughs in emerging areas such as virtual reality, audiovisual electronics, smart home technology, advanced computing, electronic-photonic convergence, new types of energy storage, and RISC-V, working to see the electronic information manufacturing sector move to a medium-high end position in the global value chain.

推进新能源和智能网联汽车产业整车、零部件、后市场一体化发展，拓展智能网联汽车城市级规模化应用场景。

We will promote integrated development of automobiles, automotive parts, and the aftermarket in developing NEVs and intelligent connected vehicles, and we will expand large-scale application scenarios of intelligent connected vehicles on the city level.

出台促进低空经济高质量发展的政策，建立健全以安全监管为基础的规则规制体系，适度超前研究布局低空智能网联等基础设施，推动低空装备研制应用，持续增强低空飞行安全监管处置能力，因地制宜拓展低空应用场景。

We will introduce policies on high-quality development of the low-altitude economy and develop sound rules and regulations based on safety supervision. We will make appropriately future-oriented plans for infrastructure such as low-altitude intelligent networks and facilitate the research, manufacturing, and practical application of low-altitude equipment. We will continue to enhance our capacity for safety supervision and risk control regarding low-altitude flights and expand application scenarios of the low-altitude economy in line with local conditions.

进一步扩大北斗应用规模和国际合作，加快时空信息产业布局。

We will further expand the application of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, enhance relevant international cooperation, and step up planning for the spatio-temporal information industry.

建立健全商业航天基础性制度，支持持续提升商业航天发射能力，加快推动海南商业航天发射场二期项目建设。

We will establish a robust foundational system for commercial space, support the endeavors to improve the capacity for commercial launch, and work for faster progress on the Hainan commercial space launch site phase II project.

进一步提升C919大型客机批量化生产能力，加快拓展C909海外市场。

We will further raise our capacity for the large-scale production of airliner C919 and move faster to expand the overseas market for the C909.

推动深海科技等产业安全健康发展。

We will facilitate the safe and healthy development of industries like deep sea technology.

加快生物医药和医疗器械产业提质升级。

We will step up efforts to upgrade the medical equipment and biomedical industries.

深化先进制造业和现代服务业融合发展试点。

We will launch more trials for integrated development of advanced manufacturing and the modern service sector.

三是加快布局建设未来产业。

3) We will expedite the planning and development of industries of the future.

出台关于加快培育发展未来产业的意见，支持创新资源集聚、产业基础雄厚的地方打造未来产业先导区。

We will release guidelines on accelerating the cultivation and development of future industries and support localities with strong industrial foundations and concentrations of innovation resources in creating zones for pioneering such industries.

培育生物制造、量子科技、具身智能、未来能源、第六代移动通信（6G）等未来产业。

We will cultivate future industries in fields such as biomanufacturing, quantum technology, embodied AI, future energy sources, and 6G technology.

持续强化算力、数据等人工智能基础要素高效能供给，构建开源模型体系。

We will continue to increase high-efficiency supply of basic AI factors such as computing capacity and data and develop a system of open-source models.

深入实施“人工智能+”行动，因地制宜、分类施策建设国家人工智能行业应用中试基地。

We will continue with the AI Plus initiative and build national bases for pilot-scale testing of AI industrial application on a region- and category-specific basis.

大力发展智能网联新能源汽车、人工智能手机和电脑、智能机器人等新一代智能终端。

We will vigorously develop the new generation of intelligent terminals such as intelligent connected NEVs, AI cellphones and computers, and intelligent robots.

完善适应人工智能健康发展的政策体系，将安全和伦理融入人工智能技术研发和应用。

We will improve the policy system for the sound development of AI and incorporate security and ethical imperatives into the R&D and application of AI technologies.

四是促进实体经济与数字经济深度融合。

4) We will promote full integration of the real economy and the digital economy.

出台建立健全数据产权制度、培育全国一体化数据市场、促进数据交易机构高质量发展的政策文件，推动数据流通安全治理制度细化落地。

We will formulate policies on establishing a sound system for data property rights, fostering an integrated national data market, and promoting high-quality development of data trading institutions. We will advance the specification and implementation of a system for data circulation security governance.

深入推进数字中国试点。

Trials for building a Digital China will be further advanced.

因地制宜布局建设世界级、区域支柱型、区域特色型数字产业集群。

We will build different types of digital industry clusters in line with local conditions, including world-class clusters, regional backbone clusters, and clusters with local features.

培育壮大数据产业，打造数据产业集聚区。

We will cultivate and strengthen the data industry and create industry clusters in this arena.

深化实施数字化转型工程和智能制造工程，建设5G工厂，梯度培育一批智能工厂。

We will continue with the digital transformation projects and intelligent manufacturing projects, construct 5G plants, and foster a number of intelligent factories on a tiered basis.

深化国家数字经济创新发展试验区建设。推动国家数据基础设施建设。

We will press ahead with the building of national pilot zones for innovative development of the digital economy and facilitate the development of national data infrastructure.

深入开展数据要素综合试验区建设，编制首批“数据要素×”场景指引。

We will continue to develop integrated pilot zones for data as a factor of production and formulate guidance for the first group of “Data ×” initiative scenarios to leverage the multiplier effect of data.

开展公共数据资源登记和授权运营，推动数据资源场景化、多元化融合应用。

We will begin registration and authorized operation of public data resources to promote scenario-based, diversified, and integrated application of data resources.

持续推进数据标注基地建设，打造一批重点行业高质量数据集。

We will continue to promote the development of data annotation bases and develop a number of high-quality data sets for key industries.

强化数据标准规范体系建设。

Efforts will also be intensified to establish a data standards system.

促进平台经济健康发展，健全常态化监管制度。

We will facilitate healthy development of the platform economy and refine regular oversight systems in this area.

五是加快完善现代化基础设施体系。

5) We will work faster to improve the modern infrastructure system.

高质量推进川藏铁路等重大项目建设，加快构建国家水网工程体系，高水平共建西部陆海新通道。

We will advance the high-quality construction of the Sichuan-Xizang Railway and other major projects, speed up development of the national water network, and carry out high-standard cooperation in building the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor in the western region.

深入实施降低全社会物流成本专项行动。

An initiative to cut logistics costs throughout society will be fully conducted.

持续推进国家物流枢纽、国家骨干冷链物流基地、国家综合货运枢纽体系、大宗商品资源配置枢纽等布局建设。

We will continue with the planning and development of national logistics hubs, key national cold-chain logistics bases, the national comprehensive freight hub system, and hubs for the distribution of commodities and resources.

加快完善应急物流体系。深入推进公路水路交通基础设施数字化转型升级。

We will improve the emergency logistics system at a faster pace and press ahead with the digital transformation and upgrading of highway and waterway infrastructure.

推动各种运输方式规则标准统一协同，加快多式联运“一单制、一箱制”应用。

We will promote adoption of unified and coordinated rules and standards for every means of goods transportation and further advance application of the multimodal transportation system that uses a single bill of lading and eliminates the need for container changes.

（三）深入实施科教兴国战略，提升国家创新体系整体效能。

3. Fully implementing the strategy of invigorating China through science and education and boosting the overall performance of China’s innovation system

一体推进教育发展、科技创新、人才培养，大力实施创新驱动发展战略，构建支持全面创新体制机制，充分激发创新创造动力活力。

We will take a holistic approach to education development, scientific and technological innovation, and talent training, energetically implement the innovation-driven development strategy, develop supportive institutions and mechanisms for all-around innovation, and fully unleash the potential and vitality of innovation and creation.

一是加快建设高质量教育体系。

1) We will work faster to develop a high-quality education system.

制定实施教育强国建设三年行动计划。

We will formulate and implement a three-year action plan for strengthening education.

促进学前教育普及普惠，逐步推行免费学前教育。

We will enhance the accessibility of public-interest preschool education and progressively make preschool education free.

加强义务教育学校标准化建设，推动义务教育优质均衡发展。

We will enforce standards for schools providing compulsory education to facilitate high-quality, well-balanced development of compulsory education.

扩大高中阶段教育学位供给，提升县域高中质量。

Opportunities for high school education will be increased, and high schools in counties will be strengthened.

推进职普融通、产教融合、科教融汇。健全终身职业技能培训制度。

We will promote collaboration and integration between vocational education and general education, between industry and education, and between scientific research and education and improve the system of lifelong vocational skills training.

支持高等教育提质升级，扎实推进优质本科扩容，适度扩大“双一流”建设范围，完善学科设置调整机制和人才培养模式，加强基础学科、新兴学科、交叉学科建设和拔尖人才培养。

We will support the upgrading of higher education, steadily expand admissions to quality undergraduate education, develop more world-class universities and disciplines as appropriate, and refine discipline adjustment mechanisms and talent training models. We will redouble our efforts to develop basic disciplines, emerging disciplines, and interdisciplinary subjects while intensifying the cultivation of top talent.

优化区域教育资源配置，建立同人口变化相协调的基本公共教育服务供给机制。

We will optimize the allocation of educational resources across regions and establish mechanisms for aligning the supply of basic public education services with demographic changes.

办好特殊教育、继续教育、专门教育，引导规范民办教育发展。

We will improve special needs education, continuing education, and specialized education and guide and regulate the development of private schools.

积极开展学校体育活动，普及心理健康教育，关爱师生身心健康。

We will promote physical activities and make mental health education more accessible to improve the physical and mental health of teachers and students.

弘扬教育家精神，建设高素质专业化教师队伍，加强师德师风建设和教师待遇保障。

We will promote the ethos of educators and develop a high-quality workforce of teachers, enhancing their professional integrity and conduct while ensuring better pay and benefits for them.

二是推进高水平科技自立自强。

2) We will improve self-reliance and strength in science and technology.

一体化推进自主创新能力建设、关键核心技术攻关、重大工程示范应用。

We will make integrated efforts to improve China’s innovation capacity, achieve breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields, and promote demonstration and application concerning major projects.

加强国家战略科技力量建设，加强科技基础条件保障，系统推进重大科技基础设施建设。

We will intensify efforts to build up China’s strength in strategic science and technology, provide greater fundamental support for scientific and technological advances, and take systematic steps to develop major scientific and technological infrastructure.

优化科技支出结构，推动提高科技支出用于基础研究比重，为基础学科发展、前沿领域原始创新等提供长期稳定支持。

We will optimize the structure of science and technology expenditures, raising the share of funding for basic research and providing long-term, sustained support for basic disciplines and original innovation in frontier areas.

推进大飞机、航空发动机及燃气轮机等国家科技重大专项实施，在智能制造等领域加快部署实施一批新的重大项目。

We will promote the implementation of major national science and technology programs related to airliners, aircraft engines, and gas turbines and work faster to plan and implement a number of new, major projects in intelligent manufacturing and other areas.

引导企业加大研发投入，支持有能力的民营企业牵头承担国家重大技术攻关任务，向民营企业进一步开放国家重大科研基础设施。

We will encourage enterprises to increase their R&D spending, support capable private enterprises in leading national initiatives to make breakthroughs in major technologies, and provide private enterprises with greater access to major national scientific research infrastructure.

开展新技术新产品新场景大规模应用示范行动。

We will conduct initiatives for large-scale application demonstration for new technologies, products, and scenarios.

完善科技成果转化支持政策和市场服务，出台指导科技服务业高质量发展的政策文件，推进职务科技成果赋权和资产单列管理改革，加快概念验证和中试验证平台建设。

Policies and market services will be improved to support the application of scientific and technological advances, and policies will be introduced to guide high-quality development of science and technology services. Reforms will be advanced to grant researchers corresponding rights over the scientific and technological outputs they produce on the job and to place such outputs under separate management. We will move faster to build proof-of-concept and pilot-scale testing platforms.

健全多层次金融服务体系，壮大耐心资本，强化政策性金融对创业投资支持，梯度培育创新型企业。

We will improve the multi-level system of financial services, boost the development of patient capital, and increase support for venture capital through policy-backed finance, in a bid to foster innovative enterprises on a tiered basis.

深入实施促进大中小企业融通创新“携手行动”，推动大中小企业在技术创新、产品配套、市场开拓等方面深入合作。

We will continue with the initiative for integrated innovation among small, medium-sized, and large enterprises, so that they can cooperate closely to achieve technological innovation, product compatibility, and market expansion.

弘扬科学家精神，推动形成鼓励探索、宽容失败的创新环境。

We will champion the spirit of our nation’s scientists and work to create an innovation-enabling environment in which exploration is encouraged and failure is tolerated.

加强科学普及工作，提高全民科学素质。扩大国际科技交流合作。

We will work to raise science literacy among the public and expand international science and technology exchanges and cooperation.

三是全面提高人才队伍质量。

3) We will enhance the overall competence of talent.

加快建设国家战略人才力量，加强拔尖创新人才、重点领域急需紧缺人才和高技能人才培养。

We will work faster to build a wealth of talent with expertise in areas of strategic importance and redouble efforts to foster top-tier innovators, urgently needed personnel in key fields, and highly-skilled workers.

完善青年创新人才发现、选拔、培养机制，大力支持、大胆使用青年科技人才。

We will improve the mechanisms for identifying, selecting, and training young innovators and work to ensure strong support for and bold promotion of young scientists.

弘扬工匠精神，建设一流产业技术工人队伍。

We will call for the pursuit of superior workmanship and develop a first-rate industrial technical workforce.

深化人才管理和使用制度改革，赋予用人单位更大自主权，推动产学研人才联合培养和交流，促进人才区域合理布局，鼓励优秀人才在中西部地区建功立业。

Institutional reforms for personnel management and employment will be deepened to grant employers greater decision-making power in this regard. We will facilitate cooperation between industries, universities, and research institutes for personnel training and exchanges, promote more rational distribution of talent across regions, and encourage outstanding talent to work and make accomplishments in the central and western regions.

建立以创新能力、质量、实效、贡献为导向的人才评价体系，健全保障科研人员专心科研制度。

We will establish a personnel assessment system based on innovation capability, performance, outcomes, and contributions and make institutional improvements to ensure that researchers can concentrate on research.

完善海外引进人才支持保障机制，优化外籍人才服务。

We will improve support mechanisms for talent recruited from overseas and provide better services for foreign professionals.

（四）充分发挥经济体制改革牵引作用，构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制。

4. Fully leveraging the leading role of economic structural reform to build a high-standard socialist market economy

以建设全国统一大市场为重点，全力破除体制机制障碍，激发全社会内生动力和创新活力。

Focusing on the building of a unified national market, we will make every effort to remove institutional obstacles in order to spur the internal driving forces and innovation vitality of our society.

一是纵深推进全国统一大市场建设。

1) We will further advance the building of a unified national market.

组织实施全国统一大市场建设指引。

We will guide implementation of the guidelines on building a unified national market and demand strict observance of the unified underlying institutions and rules of the market.

强化统一的市场基础制度规则，出台实施市场准入负面清单（2025年版），进一步压减清单事项，开展市场准入壁垒清理整治行动。

The market access negative list for the year 2025 will be further shortened, and action will be taken to remove barriers to market access.

出台公平竞争审查条例实施办法，强化反垄断反不正当竞争监管执法。

We will issue rules for the implementation of the regulations on fair competition review and enhance supervision and law enforcement endeavors tackling monopolies and unfair competition.

出台健全社会信用体系的意见，制定统一的信用修复制度。

We will draw up guidelines for improving the social credit system and formulate unified rules for credit restoration.

完善经营主体登记事项管理制度，提升企业迁移即办服务效率。

We will improve the registration system for market entities and increase efficiency to ensure immediate services for enterprises relocated.

加快推进按经营主体活动发生地统计改革。

Reform will be accelerated to compile statistics based on the place where market entities conduct their business activities.

推动商品异地退换货、公积金异地取用、社保卡异地激活使用、医保账户异地结算等。

We will promote convenient services such as return or replacement of consumer goods, withdrawal of housing provident fund, activation and use of social security cards, and on-the-spot settlement of medical bills in a different city or province.

扎实推进有违统一大市场建设、妨碍公平竞争等领域专项整治。

We will take firm action to address problems that impede the development of a unified national market and fair competition.

二是深化要素和资源市场化配置改革。

2) We will deepen reform for market-based allocation of production factors and resources.

全面推进要素市场化配置综合改革试点，构建更加完善的要素市场化配置体制机制，持续推进土地、资本、劳动力、技术、数据等要素市场建设。

We will advance across the board comprehensive pilot reforms for market-based allocation of production factors, developing more robust institutions and mechanisms for their market-based allocation and continuing to build the markets for factors such as land, capital, labor, technology, and data.

持续创新数据要素市场化价值化的新模式和新路径。

We will continue to explore new models and new ways to facilitate the market-based allocation and monetization of data as a factor of production.

制定出台建立健全全国统一电力市场体系的意见，初步建成全国统一电力市场体系。

We will lay down guidelines on the development of a unified national electricity market and work to bring this endeavor to fruition.

推动电力现货市场全面加快建设，完善电力容量补偿机制和辅助服务市场，促进各级各类电力市场衔接协同。

We will accelerate the building of electricity spot markets, refine the power-generating capacity remuneration mechanism and the ancillary services markets, and promote coordination among electricity markets of different types at different levels.

三是促进各种所有制经济优势互补、共同发展。

3) We will ensure economic entities under all forms of ownership complement each other and develop side by side.

高质量完成国有企业改革深化提升行动。

We will work toward high-quality conclusion of the drive to further SOE reform.

实施国有经济布局优化和结构调整指引，完善国有企业分类、分行业考核评价体系，深入推进战略性重组和专业化整合。

We will apply the guidelines on improving the layout and adjusting the structure of the state-owned sector, refine the category-based and industry-specific SOE evaluation system, and advance strategic restructuring and specialized realignment of SOEs.

落实民营经济促进法，加快配套制度建设。

We will act on the law on the promotion of the private sector and accelerate the formulation of relevant supporting institutions.

进一步加大拖欠企业账款清偿力度，建立拖欠企业款项信用监管机制。

We will redouble efforts to ensure the settlement of overdue payments to enterprises, establishing credit oversight mechanisms in relation to such overdue payments.

开展加力帮扶小微企业纾困解难专项行动，用好支持小微企业融资协调工作机制。

We will launch special programs to help micro and small enterprises solve the difficulties they face and fully utilize coordination mechanisms to help them meet their funding needs.

健全企业信用状况综合评价体系，提升融资信用服务平台质效。

We will refine the system for comprehensive evaluation of enterprise credit and enhance financing and credit service platforms.

完善全国中小企业服务“一张网”，加强个体工商户分型分类精准帮扶。

We will improve the nationwide service network for small and medium-sized enterprises and provide category-specific, targeted assistance to self-employed individuals.

持续推动完善中国特色现代企业制度。

We will continue to refine the modern corporate system with Chinese features.

四是破解重点领域关键环节改革难点。

4) We will tackle difficulties facing reform in key sectors and links.

统筹推进财税体制改革，开展中央部门零基预算改革试点，支持地方深化零基预算改革，推动部分品目消费税征收环节后移并下划地方。

We will coordinate reforms of the fiscal and tax systems. We will conduct pilot reforms for zero-based budgeting among central government departments and support local governments in advancing zero-based budgeting reforms. We will take steps to move excise tax collection of some commodities further down the production-to-consumption chain, with the power of collection being gradually passed to local governments.

深化资本市场投融资综合改革，打通中长期资金入市卡点堵点。

Regarding the capital market, we will deepen comprehensive reforms of investment and financing and clear the way for the entry of medium- and long-term capital.

落实经营自然垄断环节业务企业定期报告制度，推动完善监管制度。

We will implement the system of regular reporting by enterprises engaged in natural monopoly businesses and improve relevant supervision systems.

推动优化油气管网运行调度机制，提升油气资源在全国范围配置能力和运行效率。

We will work toward improvement to the operation and coordination mechanisms for oil and gas pipelines with the objective of increasing the nationwide distribution capacity and operational efficiency of oil and gas resources.

稳妥有序推进公用事业和公共服务价格改革，完善殡葬服务等价格政策。

We will advance the price reform of public utilities and public services in a prudent and orderly manner and improve the price policies on funeral services.

深化新能源上网电价市场化改革，优化电力系统调节性资源市场化价格机制，健全输配电价监管制度。

We will further the market-based price reform of on-grid electricity from new energy, improve the market-based pricing mechanism for sources of power playing a regulating role in China’s power supply system, and refine the supervision system for electricity transmission and distribution prices.

完善省内天然气管道运输价格形成机制。

We will improve the pricing mechanism for intra-provincial transmission of natural gas through pipelines.

推进农业水价综合改革全面收官。

We will work toward conclusion of the comprehensive price reform of water for agricultural use.

持续深化上海浦东新区、深圳、厦门等地改革创新。

We will continue to make progress with reform and innovation in Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shenzhen, and Xiamen.

五是持续优化营商环境。

5) We will continue to improve the business environment.

深入开展营商环境改进提升行动。推出一批“高效办成一件事”重点涉企事项。

We will press forward with business environment improvement initiatives and put a raft of major enterprise-related matters under one-stop government services.

推动修订招标投标法，纵深推进招标投标全流程电子化数字化智能化，减少人为干预。

We will facilitate revision of the Public Bidding Law and promote the digital, electronic, and intelligent upgrading of the entire public bidding process to minimize personal interference.

推动修改政府采购法。

We will also facilitate revision of the Government Procurement Law.

健全统一规范、信息共享的公共资源交易平台体系。

We will establish sound, unified, and rule-based public resource trading platforms based on information sharing.

建立健全涉企收费长效监管机制，开展规范涉企执法专项行动，集中整治乱收费、乱罚款、乱检查、乱查封，坚决防止违规异地执法和趋利性执法，加强各类经营主体合法权益保护。

We will establish sound long-term mechanisms for overseeing the charges levied on enterprises. We will launch special programs to regulate law enforcement endeavors pertaining to enterprises, specifically targeting arbitrary charges, fines, inspections, and closure of businesses and strictly prohibiting illegal cross-regional law enforcement and profit-driven law enforcement, so as to better protect the legal rights and interests of all market entities.

进一步构建亲清政商关系。

We will continue with our work to cultivate a cordial and clean relationship between government and business.

健全完善知识产权综合管理体制、海外纠纷应对机制，推动完善知识产权法院跨区域管辖制度。

We will establish a sound system for the comprehensive management of intellectual property rights and effective mechanisms for responding to overseas IP disputes and facilitate improvements to the system enabling IP courts to handle cross-regional cases.

主动对接国际高标准经贸规则，推动国内政策法规与相关规则实现更好对接。

We will take the initiative to align with high-standard international economic and trade rules, harmonizing domestic policies and regulations with relevant international rules.

优化通关作业流程，深化国际贸易“单一窗口”建设。

We will improve customs clearance procedures and facilitate the building of the Single Window System for international trade.

（五）扩大高水平对外开放，积极稳外贸稳外资。

5. Expanding high-standard opening up and stabilizing foreign trade and foreign investment

稳步扩大制度型开放，有序扩大自主开放和单边开放，以开放对内促改革促发展、对外促合作促共赢。

We will steadily expand institutional opening up and take the initiative to open wider and advance unilateral opening up in a well-ordered way. With opening up, we can stimulate reform and development at home and increase mutually-beneficial cooperation with other countries.

一是推动高质量共建“一带一路”走深走实。

1) We will make solid progress in pursuing high-quality Belt and Road cooperation.

强化金色十年共建“一带一路”高质量发展顶层设计。

The top-level design for high-quality Belt and Road cooperation in the golden decade will be enhanced.

加强共建“一带一路”合作规划统筹管理，深化与共建国家发展战略对接。继续深化与共建国家经济发展领域经验交流。

We will better coordinate and manage relevant cooperation programs, fully align our development strategies with those of other BRI participating countries, and continue to share our economic development experience with them.

统筹推进重大标志性工程和“小而美”民生项目建设。加快推进创新、数字、绿色、健康、冰雪、空中丝绸之路等建设。

We will advance both major signature projects and “small and beautiful” public wellbeing projects and press ahead with the Silk Road initiatives themed on innovation, digital technology, green development, health, ice and snow, and air transportation.

加快推进中欧班列集结中心高质量发展，提升口岸基础能力建设。

We will speed up the high-quality development of the assembly centers of China-Europe freight trains and improve port infrastructure.

办好第二届中欧班列国际合作论坛、第七届“丝路海运”国际合作论坛。

We will host the second China-Europe Railway Express Cooperation Forum and the seventh Silk Road Maritime International Cooperation Forum.

加快推进“丝路海运”港航贸一体化发展，推动建设中沙（福建）产业合作区，加强空中丝绸之路品牌建设。

We will accelerate the integrated development of ports, shipping, and trading services under the Silk Road Maritime platform, advance the construction of the China-Saudi Arabia (Fujian) Industrial Cooperation Zone, and build up the “Silk Road in the Air” brand.

推进优化区域开放布局，稳步推进沿边重点开发开放试验区布局建设。

We will improve the regional opening up layout and steadily advance the planning and construction of key experimental zones for development and opening up in border regions.

高质量建设“丝路电商”合作先行区。

We will make high-quality progress in building the pilot zone for Silk Road e-commerce cooperation.

二是着力稳定外贸发展。

2) We will work for stable development of foreign trade.

深化外贸体制改革，加大稳外贸政策力度，优化融资、结算、外汇等金融服务，强化进出口信贷和出口信用保险支持力度，更好发挥服务贸易创新发展引导基金作用，支持企业稳订单拓市场。

We will deepen foreign trade structural reform and provide greater policy support for stabilizing foreign trade. We will improve financing, account settlement, foreign exchange, and other financial services, provide stronger support in terms of import and export credit and export credit insurance, and effectively leverage the fund for stimulating innovative development of trade in services, in an effort to help enterprises maintain business stability and expand their market share.

促进跨境电商发展，加强海外仓布局建设，推动跨境电子商务综合试验区发展提档升级，拓展境外经贸合作区功能，推进综合保税区转型。

We will expand cross-border e-commerce, improve the distribution and construction of overseas warehouses, support the upgrading of integrated pilot zones for cross-border e-commerce, expand the functions of overseas economic and trade cooperation zones, and promote transformation of integrated bonded areas.

积极发展服务贸易、绿色贸易、数字贸易。积极发展边境贸易。

We will actively develop trade in services, green trade, and digital trade and promote border trade.

支持内外贸一体化发展，促进标准认证衔接、市场渠道畅通。

We will support integrated growth of domestic and foreign trade, harmonizing relevant standards and certifications to ensure unimpeded market channels.

办好进博会、广交会、服贸会、数贸会、消博会等重点展会。

We will host major trade events to high standards, such as the China International Import Expo, the China Import and Export Fair, the China International Fair for Trade in Services, the Global Digital Trade Expo, and the China International Consumer Products Expo.

便利商务人员的跨境往来，稳妥推进与更多国家商签互免签证协定。

We will facilitate cross-border move of businesspeople and prudently conclude mutual visa exemption agreements with more countries.

支持外贸企业与航运企业加强战略合作。支持有条件的地区建设国际物流枢纽中心。

We will support strategic cooperation between foreign trade enterprises and shipping companies and encourage the establishment of international logistics hubs in regions where conditions allow.

三是大力提升利用外资和境外投资质量。

3) We will better utilize foreign investment and outbound investment.

实施2025年稳外资行动。

This year, an initiative will be launched to stabilize foreign investment.

发布鼓励外商投资产业目录（2025年版），引导更多外资投向先进制造业、现代服务业、高新技术、节能环保领域以及中西部和东北地区。

We will release an updated 2025 Catalog of Encouraged Industries for Foreign Investment to guide more foreign investment toward advanced manufacturing, modern services, new- and high-technology, and energy conservation and environmental protection, in addition to attracting more investment to the central, western, and northeastern regions.

推出新一批标志性重大外资项目，强化项目要素保障。

A new batch of foreign-funded projects will be selected as signature projects, with access to factors of production guaranteed.

稳步推进服务业开放，优化服务业扩大开放综合试点示范，扩大电信、医疗、教育等领域开放试点。

We will steadily open up the service sector, improve the comprehensive trials and demonstrations for wider opening up of the service sector, and further conduct trials on opening up the telecommunication, medical service, and education sectors.

持续打造“投资中国”品牌。搭建跨国企业和地方投资对接平台。

We will continue with the efforts to make China a favored destination for foreign investment and create matching platforms for transnational companies and local investment.

深入实施自贸试验区提升战略，推动自贸试验区提质增效和扩大改革任务授权。

We will continue with the strategy for upgrading pilot free trade zones, enhancing their performance and efficiency and granting them more power over reform tasks.

优化境外投资指导、服务、监管和风险防控。推动产业投资合作，深化第三方市场合作。

We will improve guidance, service, regulation, and risk control regarding outbound investment, promote industrial and investment cooperation, and increase third-party market cooperation.

四是持续深化国际经贸合作。

4) We will continue to promote international economic and trade cooperation.

积极参与联合国、二十国集团、亚太经合组织、金砖国家、上海合作组织等多边机制合作，积极参与世贸组织改革工作，推进世贸组织第14届部长级会议筹备。

China will continue to play an active role in cooperation under multilateral mechanisms such as the UN, G20, APEC, BRICS, and SCO and actively participate in the reform of the WTO and the preparations for the 14th WTO Ministerial Conference.

积极推动加入《数字经济伙伴关系协定》和《全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》进程，推动签署中国－东盟自贸区3.0版升级协定、中国－海合会自贸协定，持续推进中日韩自贸区以及与洪都拉斯、萨尔瓦多、新西兰、瑞士的自贸协定谈判或升级谈判，与更多非洲国家签署共同发展经济伙伴框架协定。

We will continue to work for China’s entry into the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement and the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, promote signing of the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area 3.0 Upgrade Protocol and the China-Gulf Cooperation Council Free Trade Agreement, and continue the negotiations or upgrade negotiations on the China-Japan-ROK Free Trade Area and on free trade agreements with Honduras, El Salvador, New Zealand, and Switzerland. We will enter into framework agreements with more African countries on economic partnerships for shared development.

（六）狠抓重点领域安全能力建设，牢牢掌握应对风险挑战主动权。

6. Building up security capacity in key areas and seizing the initiative in addressing risks and challenges

更加注重统筹高质量发展和高水平安全，坚持在发展中逐步化解风险，牢牢守住不发生系统性风险的底线。

We will attach greater importance to ensuring both high-quality development and greater security, defuse risks step by step in the course of pursuing development, and resolutely prevent systemic risks.

一是全方位夯实粮食安全根基。

1) We will consolidate the foundation for food security on all fronts.

坚持产量产能、生产生态、增产增收一起抓，稳定粮食播种面积，调整优化粮食种植结构，提高粮食单产和品质。

Emphasizing both output and production capacity, both agricultural production and ecological conservation, and both output expansion and income increase, we will endeavor to stabilize total grain acreage, adjust and optimize the crop planting structure, and increase the per unit crop yield and quality of grains.

继续开展耕地保护和粮食安全责任制考核，强化耕地保护和质量提升，严守耕地红线，严格耕地占补平衡管理。

We will continue to evaluate the fulfillment of responsibilities for arable land protection and food security, strengthen land protection and improve land quality, ensure the total area of farmland remains above the specified red line, and take strong measures to see to it that any arable land used for nonagricultural purposes is offset with land of an equivalent amount and quality.

高质量推进高标准农田建设，完善建设、验收、管护机制。

We will effectively develop high-standard cropland and refine the mechanisms for development, verification, management, and protection.

推进退化耕地治理和撂荒地复垦。

We will make continued efforts to restore degraded arable land and reclaim land lying idle.

深入推进粮油作物大面积单产提升行动，加强农业防灾减灾能力建设。

We will continue with the programs to increase the per-unit area yield of grain and oil crops on large tracts of land and enhance our capacity for preventing and mitigating agricultural disasters.

保护调动好种粮农民和粮食主产区积极性，健全粮食生产支持政策体系，启动实施中央统筹下的粮食产销区省际横向利益补偿，在产粮大县实施粮食流通提质增效项目。

In order to motivate grain growers and major grain-producing areas, we will refine the policy systems supporting grain production, launch an inter-provincial initiative for major grain-purchasing areas to compensate major grain-producing areas under the coordination of the central government, and carry out programs to stimulate more efficient grain distribution in major grain-producing counties.

健全粮食价格形成机制，落实好稻谷、小麦最低收购价政策，推动粮食等重要农产品价格保持在合理水平。

We will refine the grain pricing mechanism, fully implement the minimum purchase price policy for rice and wheat, and work to see that the prices of grain and other major agricultural products remain at a reasonable level.

扩大大豆完全成本保险和种植收入保险实施范围。

We will expand the coverage of full-cost insurance and production income insurance for soybeans.

有序做好粮食收购，持续强化政府储备管理，提升粮食收储调控能力。

We will make grain purchasing in an orderly manner, strengthen government reserves management, and enhance our grain purchasing and storage regulation capacity.

加强化肥市场调控，提高农资保供稳价能力。

We will intensify regulation of the fertilizer market and ensure the provision of agricultural supplies at stable prices.

持续推进豆粕减量替代。

Continued efforts will be made to reduce and substitute soybean meal in feed production.

全面实施粮食节约和反食品浪费行动。

We will carry out initiatives for economical use of grain and prevention of food waste.

二是大力提升能源资源安全保障能力。

2) We will greatly enhance our capacity for ensuring energy and resource security.

加快规划建设新型能源体系，加强能源产供储销体系建设。

We will accelerate the planning and development of a new type of energy system and improve the systems for energy production, supply, storage, and sale.

有序实施煤炭产能储备制度，持续增强煤炭生产供应能力，强化煤炭兜底保障作用。

We will take orderly steps to implement a coal production reserve system, continue to increase coal production and supply capacity, and consolidate the basic supporting role of coal.

加快构建新型电力系统，加快支撑性调节性电源、跨省跨区输电通道和灵活互济工程建设，持续提升西电东送输电能力，完善电网主网架。

In moving faster to develop a new electric power system, we will accelerate the development of power sources that play a supporting and adjustable role in China’s power supply, trans-provincial and trans-regional electricity transmission routes, and projects for electricity mutual aid, continue to increase our capacity for sending electricity from western to eastern regions, and improve the main power grid architecture.

积极安全有序发展核电。

We will actively develop nuclear power in a safe and orderly manner.

持续加大国内油气勘探开发力度，推动“七年行动计划”顺利完成，加快管网和储气基础设施建设。

We will endeavor to complete the seven-year action plan for ramping up domestic oil and natural gas exploration and development, and we will speed up the construction of pipelines and natural gas storage infrastructure.

完善战略性矿产资源探产供储销统筹和衔接体系。持续深化海外矿产资源开发合作。

We will refine the overall planning and linkage systems for the exploration, production, supply, storage, and sale of strategic mineral resources and increase cooperation on exploiting overseas mineral resources.

加强能源统筹调度，更好发挥中长期合同在能源保供中的“压舱石”作用，做好迎峰度夏、迎峰度冬能源保供工作。

We will strengthen energy coordination and distribution, better leverage medium- and long-term contracts as the cornerstone in energy supply, and ensure energy supply at times of peak demand in summer and winter.

三是全力确保重要产业链供应链安全。

3) We will strive to ensure the security of key industrial and supply chains.

针对集成电路、工业母机、医疗装备、仪器仪表、基础软件、工业软件、先进材料等重点领域，健全新型举国体制，创新技术攻关组织模式，发挥应用场景的驱动效应，加大技术研发力度，扩大攻关成果应用范围，不断增强产业链供应链韧性和安全水平。

Focusing on key areas such as integrated circuits, industrial machine tools, medical equipment, instruments, basic software, industrial software, and advanced materials, we will improve the new system for mobilizing resources nationwide, develop new ways of organizing research on key technologies, harness the driving force of application scenarios, intensify R&D, and expand the application of technological advances, in order to constantly enhance the resilience and security of our industrial and supply chains.

建立产业链供应链安全风险评估和应对机制，统筹推进重大技术装备攻关和产业基础再造工程。

We will establish mechanisms for assessing and addressing industrial and supply chain risks and coordinate carrying out research on major technological equipment and reengineering industrial foundations.

四是稳步推进国家储备建设。

4) We will take solid steps to develop national reserves.

加快落实战略物资增储年度任务，持续扩大储备规模。

We will move faster to fulfill the yearly task of stockpiling strategic goods as we work to expand the scale of reserves.

稳步推进粮棉糖肉化肥仓储设施、国家石油储备基地、国家储备通用仓库等建设。

We will steadily advance the construction of storage facilities for grain, cotton, sugar, meat, and fertilizers, national petroleum reserve bases, and national general storage warehouses.

强化国家储备设施与国家物流枢纽、大宗商品资源配置枢纽的对接，提升储备管理运行效能。

We will improve the connectivity of national reserve facilities with national logistics hubs and hubs for the distribution of commodities and resources so as to boost reserve management and operation efficiency.

五是有效防范化解重点领域风险。

5) We will effectively prevent and address risks in key areas.

持续用力推动房地产市场止跌回稳。

We will make continued efforts to stem the downturn and restore stability in the real estate market.

加快构建房地产发展新模式，完善改善性住房交易政策，因城施策加快消化存量房。

We will work faster to foster a new development model for the real estate sector, refine policies on transactions for improved housing, and adopt city-specific policies to reduce the housing stock more rapidly.

加快发展保障性住房，推进收购存量商品房用作保障性住房，加大对进城务工人员的租房购房支持。

We will speed up the provision of government-subsidized housing, advance the purchase of commodity housing in stock to use as government-subsidized housing, and give rural migrant workers more support in making housing rentals and purchases in cities.

有效防范房企债务违约风险。

We will effectively prevent the debt default risks of real estate enterprises.

加大“白名单”项目贷款投放力度，推进城市房地产融资协调机制扩围增效。

We will increase loans to projects on white lists and expand the scope and function of the coordination mechanisms for urban real estate financing.

坚持在发展中化债、在化债中发展，落实一揽子化债方案，做好置换存量隐性债务工作，推动PPP存量项目合规建设、平稳运营，继续做好金融支持融资平台债务接续、置换和重组，有力推动融资平台市场化转型和债务风险化解。

We will continue to defuse debt risks in the course of development and pursue development in a debt risk-defused environment. We will implement a package of measures to defuse debt risks and work to swap existing hidden debts. We will promote compliant development and stable operation of existing public-private partnership projects. We will continue to provide financial support for local government financing platforms in debt rollover, swap, and restructuring and promote their market-based transformation and defusing of debt risks.

“一省一策”稳妥有序推进中小金融机构改革化险。

We will adopt province-specific policies to reform small and medium-sized financial institutions and defuse their risks in a prudent and orderly manner.

加强跨部门合作，强化央地监管协同，合力打击非法金融活动。

With better cooperation between different departments and closer supervision coordination between central and local governments, concerted efforts will be made to crack down on illegal financial activities.

进一步提振资本市场，增强资本市场内在稳定性，更加有效保护投资者特别是中小投资者合法权益。

We will further boost the capital market, reinforce its underlying stability, and more effectively protect the legal rights and interests of investors, especially small and medium-sized investors.

六是扎实做好公共安全等工作。

6) We will take strong actions to ensure public security.

坚决落实安全生产责任制，持续增强矿山重大灾害治理能力，加快化工老旧装置淘汰退出和更新改造。

We will firmly implement the responsibility system for ensuring workplace safety, continue to enhance our capacity for controlling and responding to major mining disasters, and move faster to phase out and upgrade old chemical equipment.

增强防灾减灾救灾能力，深入开展重大基础设施、城乡房屋等涉灾风险隐患排查和改造提升，精准预置救援力量装备，及时调拨救灾资金和物资，做好灾区群众安置救助。

To enhance our capacity for disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief, we will accurately identify risks and potential dangers in major infrastructure and urban and rural housing and carry out necessary renovations. We will also make precise preparatory arrangements of rescue forces and equipment to ensure prompt allocation of relief funds and supplies and provision of settlement and aid to disaster victims.

指导西藏做好定日地震灾后恢复重建工作。

We will guide Xizang Autonomous Region in post-disaster recovery and reconstruction efforts following the Dingri earthquake on January 7, 2025.

强化基层应急基础和力量，完善乡镇（街道）应急消防机制，提升组织指挥、风险防范、救援实战、应急处置、支撑保障等综合能力。

We will bolster emergency response infrastructure and capabilities at the community level, refine the mechanisms for emergency response and firefighting at the township (urban sub-district) level, and increase overall capabilities for organization and command, risk prevention, rescue operations, emergency response, and resources and supplies support.

完善食品药品安全责任体系。

We will improve the accountability systems for food and drug safety.

坚持和发展新时代“枫桥经验”，强化社会治安综合治理，积极化解基层社会矛盾，维护社会大局稳定。

We will apply and further develop the Fengqiao model for promoting community-level governance in the new era, adopt a full range of measures to maintain law and order, actively resolve social problems at the community level, and maintain overall social stability.

七是扎实推进国防动员和国防建设。

7) We will make steady progress in advancing national defense mobilization and defense-related development.

健全战建备统筹推进机制，加强国防动员和后备力量建设，完善国防动员体系。

We will refine the mechanisms for coordinated advancement of military operations, capacity building, and combat preparedness, strengthen national defense mobilization and the readiness of reserve forces, and improve the national defense mobilization system.

加强军地规划统筹衔接，完善重大建设项目贯彻国防要求政策措施，推动重大基础设施统筹建设。

We will enhance coordination and alignment of military and civilian plans, improve the policies and measures for incorporating national defense requirements into major construction projects, and coordinate the development of major infrastructure.

优化国防科技工业布局，加强国防科技工业能力建设。

We will optimize the layout of defense-related science, technology, and industries and enhance capacity building in these areas.

构建现代人民防空体系，健全人防行业标准体系。

We will establish a modern civil air defense system and set up a sound system of industry standards in this regard.

（七）推进新型城镇化和乡村全面振兴有机结合，促进城乡融合发展。

7. Coordinating new urbanization with all-around rural revitalization to promote integrated urban-rural development

全面提高城乡规划、建设、治理融合水平，因地制宜推动兴业、强县、富民一体化发展，促进城乡要素平等交换、双向流动。

We will facilitate greater urban-rural integration in planning, development, and governance across the board, encourage coordinated local efforts in growing businesses, strengthening counties, and increasing people’s incomes according to specific local conditions, and promote equal exchange and two-way flow of factors of production between urban and rural areas.

一是提高农业综合效益和竞争力。

1) We will increase the overall returns and competitiveness of the agricultural sector.

高质量推进粮食生产功能区、重要农产品生产保护区和特色农产品优势区建设。

We will advance high-quality development of grain-producing areas, protective areas for the production of major agricultural products, and areas for growing specialty agricultural products.

坚持多油并举、巩固大豆扩种成果，推动棉糖胶等稳产提质，保障重要农产品稳定安全供给。

We will support the growing of multiple oil crops, build on the progress achieved in increasing soybean acreage, keep cotton, sugar crops, and natural rubber production stable while improving quality, and ensure stable and secure supply of important agricultural products.

推进肉牛奶牛产业纾困发展，实施饲草生产能力提升行动。

We will support the dairy and beef cattle industries in overcoming difficulties and launch an initiative to enhance feed production.

积极发展深远海养殖，实施水产养殖绿色循环整县推进试点。

We will actively develop open-sea and deep-sea aquaculture and implement county-wide trials on green and circular aquaculture.

推进农业科技力量协同攻关，加快科技成果大面积推广应用。

We will support collaborative scientific research in agriculture and accelerate the promotion and widespread application of advances.

发挥南繁硅谷等重大农业科研平台作用，加大力度推进种业振兴行动，完善国家农业种质资源库体系，有序推进生物育种产业化应用。

We will leverage the role of major agricultural research platforms such as Nanfan Agricultural Silicon Valley, take strong steps to invigorate the seed industry, improve the system of national germplasm banks for agriculture, and promote industrial application of bio-breeding technology in an orderly manner.

加快先进适用农机装备研发应用，推进老旧农机报废更新。

We will speed up the R&D and application of advanced and applicable farming machinery and equipment and scrap and replace old machinery.

支持开展设施农业更新改造，发展智慧农业。

We will support upgrading and transformation in protected agriculture and continue to develop intelligent agriculture.

二是毫不松懈巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果。

2) We will consolidate and expand achievements in poverty alleviation.

提升防止返贫致贫监测帮扶效能，建立农村低收入人口和欠发达地区分层分类帮扶制度，持续巩固提升“三保障”和饮水安全保障水平。

We will improve monitoring and assistance mechanisms to prevent any relapse into or occurrence of poverty, establish a system of multi-tiered and categorized support for low-income rural residents and underdeveloped areas, and build on the progress already achieved in guaranteeing access to compulsory education, basic medical services, safe housing, and safe drinking water for people lifted out of poverty.

加大以工代赈投入力度，在重点工程项目和农业农村基础设施建设领域推广以工代赈。

We will increase funding for work-relief programs, expanding such programs into key construction projects and agricultural and rural infrastructure projects.

以大中型集中安置区为重点，扎实做好易地搬迁后续帮扶工作。

Greater follow-up support will be provided for people relocated from inhospitable areas, with a focus on large- and medium-sized resettlement areas.

深入开展消费帮扶专项行动，持续推进消费帮扶重点城市和重点产区建设。

We will advance the dedicated initiative for purchase of products from less developed areas, with key purchasing cities and key producing areas working continuously to make this endeavor a success.

加强产业、就业等开发式帮扶，稳定脱贫人口务工就业规模在3000万人以上。

We will provide assistance through growing local industries and creating employment, securing over 30 million jobs for people lifted out of poverty.

三是着力提升乡村发展水平和治理能力。

3) We will enhance rural development and governance.

发展各具特色的县域经济，因地制宜发展乡村特色产业，做好“土特产”文章，支持现代农业产业园、农村产业融合发展项目建设，打造特色农业产业集群，积极培育乡村新产业新业态，完善联农带农机制，促进当地群众就近就业增收。

We will develop county economies of distinctive features and rural industries with local features. Leveraging local specialties and industries, we will support the development of modern agriculture industrial parks and projects for integrated development of rural industries, build clusters of agro-industries with unique strengths, and foster new industries and new forms of business. We will improve mechanisms for helping farmers to boost local employment and increase the incomes of local residents.

加快构建农产品和农资现代流通网络，推动农村电商高质量发展。

The construction of modern distribution networks for agricultural produce and supplies will be accelerated to support high-quality growth of rural e-commerce.

巩固和完善农村基本经营制度，有序推进第二轮土地承包到期后再延长30年试点，发展农业适度规模经营。

We will consolidate and improve the basic rural operation system, move forward with well-organized trials to extend rural land contracts by another 30 years upon the expiration of the second-round contracts, and develop appropriately scaled agricultural operations.

支持发展新型农村集体经济。有序推进农村集体经营性建设用地入市改革。

We will facilitate the development of new rural collective economies and advance orderly reforms for market-based transfers of rural collective land designated for business-related construction.

加强县域城乡规划建设统筹，开展以村庄公共设施、农村生活污水和垃圾处理、村内道路为重点的和美乡村项目建设，扎实推进中西部地区农村改厕，全面完成农村人居环境整治提升五年行动任务。

We will better coordinate urban-rural planning and development within counties, advance endeavors to build a beautiful and harmonious countryside with priority given to public facilities in villages, rural household sewage and waste treatment, and village roads, and take solid steps to renovate rural toilets in the central and western regions. These efforts will bring to completion the objectives of our five-year program aimed at improving the rural living environment.

推动城镇基础设施向乡村延伸，实施好新一轮农村公路提升行动。

We will expand the construction of urban infrastructure to rural areas and implement a new round of initiatives to further upgrade rural roads.

优化县域公共服务设施布局，推动县乡村公共服务功能衔接互补，提高农村基本公共服务水平。

We will optimize the distribution of public service facilities within counties, enhance complementarity in functions of public services between counties, townships, and villages, and improve the basic public services in rural areas.

推进乡村文化和旅游深度融合，提升乡村旅游标准化、精品化、规范化水平。

We will promote integration of culture and tourism in rural areas and better regulate rural tourism to see that it meets standards and becomes more appealing.

健全乡村治理体系，实施文明乡风建设工程，加强新时代农村精神文明建设，积极开展移风易俗。

We will improve the rural governance system, launch projects to cultivate social etiquette and civility in rural areas, promote rural cultural-ethical progress in the new era, and change outdated social mores.

四是稳步推进新型城镇化。

4) We will steadily advance new urbanization.

扎实推进以人为本的新型城镇化战略五年行动计划。

Solid progress will be made with the five-year action plan for implementing the people-centered new urbanization strategy.

指导各地因城施策完善城市落户政策，健全常住地提供基本公共服务制度，更好保障随迁子女在常住地平等接受义务教育权利，加强对农业转移人口的住房保障，进一步扩大农民工社会保险覆盖面。

We will guide cities in refining their household registration policies according to their specific conditions and improve the systems for ensuring that people have access to basic public services in the places where they permanently reside so that their children who have moved to cities with them have equal access to compulsory education. We will provide greater housing support to people who have moved to cities from rural areas and further expand social insurance programs to cover more rural migrant workers.

推动城镇化率低、人口规模大、资源环境承载力较强的县市因地制宜加快产业导入，加强以县城为重要载体的城镇化建设，促进农业转移人口就近就业安居。

We will accelerate industry relocation to counties and cities with low urbanization rates, large populations, and abundant resources according to local conditions.

提高都市圈同城化发展水平，实施都市圈城际通勤效率提升工程，提升超大特大城市现代化治理水平，促进大中小城市协调发展。

We will strengthen urbanization efforts by focusing on county seats and encourage people from rural areas to work and settle down in nearby cities. We will promote highly-integrated development of cities in metropolitan areas and increase intercity commuting efficiency, modernize the governance of super-large and mega cities, and promote coordinated development of small, medium-sized, and large cities.

持续推进城市更新，基本完成已排查出的老化燃气管道更新改造任务，加快城市排水防涝能力提升工程建设。

We will continue with urban renewal projects, basically completing the upgrading of old gas pipelines and stepping up efforts to enhance urban flood prevention and drainage capacity.

全面完成2000年底前建成的城镇老旧小区改造任务，推进城市危房和老旧房屋改造，加力实施城中村改造，推进货币化安置。

We will complete the renovation of old urban residential compounds built before the end of 2000, continue to renovate dilapidated and dangerous housing and urban villages, and continue the practice of monetary housing compensation.

推动成渝地区双城经济圈建设走深走实，加快提高对外开放水平，确保规划的各项目标任务顺利完成。

We will work toward solid progress in developing the Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone and move faster to raise its level of opening up, accomplishing all the relevant objectives and tasks.

（八）统筹区域战略深化实施和区域联动融合发展，增强区域发展活力。

8. Coordinating the implementation of regional development strategies to promote interconnected and integrated development of regions and enhance their vitality

发挥区域协调发展战略、区域重大战略、主体功能区战略的叠加效应，完善国土空间规划实施机制，提升经济发展优势区域创新能力和辐射带动作用，积极培育新的增长极。

We will leverage the synergistic effect of the coordinated regional development strategy, major regional strategies, and the functional zoning strategy, refine the implementation mechanisms for territorial space plans, and enhance the role of economically advanced areas in making innovations and leading the development of neighboring areas. These efforts are expected to help foster new poles of growth.

一是进一步推动区域战略深化实施。

1) We will continue with the implementation of regional development strategies.

支持京津冀进一步形成更紧密的协同工作格局，加快推进疏解高校、医院、央企在雄安新区落地建设，高标准高质量建设北京城市副中心，抓好进一步支持滨海新区高质量发展的若干政策措施落实，加快科技创新和产业协作等重点领域协同发展。

Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region: We will support greater coordination in the region’s development. We will speed up the relocation of universities, hospitals, and central government enterprises from Beijing to the Xiong’an New Area to relieve Beijing of functions nonessential to its role as the capital, advance the high-standard, high-quality development of the administrative center of Beijing Municipality, and ensure faithful implementation of policies and measures supporting the high-quality development of the Binhai New Area in Tianjin. We will accelerate the region’s coordinated development in technological innovation, industrial cooperation, and other key areas.

深入推进长三角科技创新和产业创新跨区域协同，进一步提升虹桥国际开放枢纽能级，加强长三角生态绿色一体化发展示范区制度创新成果推广应用，推动上海与苏州、南通、嘉兴等周边地区深化一体化发展。

Yangtze River Delta: We will promote trans-regional cooperation on technological and industrial innovation. We will further elevate the Hongqiao international hub for opening up, promote application of the institutional innovation experiences gained in the demonstration zone for green and integrated development, and support Shanghai’s integrated development with neighboring cities such as Suzhou, Nantong, and Jiaxing.

深入推进粤港澳大湾区规则衔接、机制对接，进一步便利人员、资金、数据等要素跨境流动，加快建设国际科技创新中心，研究制定支持横琴合作区建设的一揽子政策举措，着力推进前海、南沙、河套等重大合作平台建设。

Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area: We will encourage better alignment of rules and mechanisms and facilitate cross-border flows of people, funds, and data. We will accelerate the region’s morph into an international center for scientific and technological innovation, introduce a package of policies and measures to support the cooperation zone in Hengqin, and advance the development of Qianhai, Nansha, Hetao, and other major cooperation platforms.

坚持共抓大保护、不搞大开发推进长江经济带发展，围绕城市生活污水管网、工业污染治理、重要湖泊治理等领域开展攻坚，坚定不移推进长江十年禁渔，大力提升长江黄金水道功能，推动三峡水运新通道项目尽早开工建设，加快船舶等重点领域绿色转型，加强长江流域石漠化综合治理。

Yangtze Economic Belt: We will promote development under the principle of ensuring well-coordinated environmental protection and avoiding excessive development. Greater efforts will be made to upgrade urban household wastewater pipeline networks, control industrial pollution, and improve major lakes. We will continue to enforce the 10-year fishing ban in the waters of the Yangtze River, elevate the Yangtze River golden waterway, promote the early start of a new channel project for the Three Gorges water transportation hub, accelerate green transition of vessels and other key sectors, and strengthen the comprehensive control of rocky desertification in the Yangtze River basin.

坚持重在保护、要在治理全面推动黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展，系统提升上游水源涵养能力，加强中游水土保持，推进下游湿地保护和生态治理，加快建立强制性用水定额制度，保障重要堤防水库和基础设施安全。

Yellow River basin: We will continue to promote ecological conservation and high-quality development, with a focus on environmental protection and governance. We will systematically enhance water conservation capacity in the river’s upper reaches, strengthen soil and water conservation in the middle reaches, and advance wetland protection and ecological conservation in the lower reaches. We will move faster to establish a system of mandatory quotas on water consumption and ensure the safety of major dikes, reservoirs, and other infrastructural facilities.

支持宁夏建设黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展先行区。

We will support Ningxia in developing itself into a trendsetter for promoting the ecological conservation and high-quality development of the Yellow River basin.

加快建设海洋强国，打造现代海洋产业体系，高效开发利用海洋资源，积极参与国际海洋合作，持续保护和改善海洋生态环境。

Maritime development: We will speed up the pace to build China into a strong maritime country. We will develop a modern maritime industrial system, develop and utilize marine resources more efficiently, actively participate in international maritime cooperation, and make continuous efforts to protect and improve the marine environment.

精心做好海南自由贸易港封关准备工作，加紧推进海南自由贸易港核心政策落地，支持构建具有海南特色和优势的现代化产业体系。

Hainan Free Trade Port: We will make meticulous preparations for the launch of separate customs operation, accelerate implementation of key policies, and support the endeavors to build a modernized industrial system that fully leverages the characteristics and strengths of Hainan.

研究支持经济大省挑大梁的政策措施。

Major economically developed provinces: We will work on policies and measures to support them in shouldering greater responsibilities.

支持国家级新区加快建设现代化产业体系，深化探索体制机制等重点领域改革。

National-level new areas: We will support these areas in quickly building a modernized industrial system and exploring reforms in institutions and mechanisms and other key areas.

加强边境地区重点地市、重点县城、重点村镇建设，深入推进新时代兴边富民行动，强化边疆治理，进一步推动稳边固边。

Border areas: We will strengthen the development of key villages, towns, county seats, and prefecture-level cities in border areas, continue with our initiative to boost local economies and raise living standards in the new era, and strengthen border governance for greater local stability.

加力支持革命老区振兴发展，进一步完善政策举措。

Old revolutionary base areas: We will improve policies and measures to scale up support for the revitalization of these areas.

继续开展老工业城市产业链图谱研究，支持加快产业转型发展。

Old industrial cities: We will continue with the research on the industrial chain diagram of these cities and support their faster transformation in industrial development.

加大对欠发达地区县域振兴发展的支持力度，创新帮扶协作机制。

Underdeveloped areas: We will develop new mechanisms for assistance and cooperation to provide stronger support for the revitalization of counties in these areas.

紧紧围绕铸牢中华民族共同体意识主线，加快民族地区高质量发展。

Areas with large ethnic minority populations: We will hasten the high-quality development of such areas, with the focus on forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation.

聚焦大保护、大开放、高质量发展进一步推动西部大开发形成新格局，深入实施青藏高原生态屏障区等重要生态系统保护和修复重大工程，提升重庆、成都、西安等辐射带动作用，加强互联互通，做强做大特色优势产业。

The western region: Following the guidelines of well-coordinated environmental protection, wider opening up, and high-quality development, we will work to foster a new pattern in the region’s large-scale development. We will launch major ecosystem protection and restoration projects such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ecological shield, give play to the role of cities like Chongqing, Chengdu, and Xi’an in leading surrounding areas, enhance connectivity, and help competitive industries with local features grow stronger and larger.

支持东北地区进一步提升维护国家“五大安全”能力，统筹推进传统产业转型升级和战略性新兴产业培育壮大，加快建设交通、能源、信息等现代化基础设施体系，深化与东北亚区域合作。

The northeastern region: We will support the region in increasing its capacity for safeguarding national security in terms of national defense, food, ecology, energy, and industry. We will coordinate the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries and the growth and expansion of strategic emerging industries, accelerate the development of modern infrastructure such as transportation, energy, and information systems, and promote the region’s cooperation with Northeast Asian countries.

落实落细新时代推动中部地区加快崛起的若干政策措施，扎实推进“三基地一枢纽”建设，依托重要功能平台有序扩大内陆开放。

The central region: We will ensure full implementation of the policies and measures introduced to accelerate the rise of the central region in the new era. We will make solid progress in building the region into a base for national grain production, energy and raw materials, and modern equipment manufacturing and high-tech industry as well as a comprehensive transportation hub. We will open the inland areas wider in an orderly manner through major function platforms.

鼓励东部地区加快推进现代化，推动福建全方位高质量发展、建设两岸融合发展示范区，以更大力度支持山东新旧动能转换、提升济南新旧动能转换起步区产业能级。

The eastern region: We will encourage the region to accelerate modernization. We will support Fujian Province in pursuing high-quality development across the board and becoming a demonstration zone for cross-Strait integrated development. We will provide stronger support for Shandong Province to help it replace old growth drivers with new ones and boost the industrial capacity of the Jinan Start-up Area for replacement of old growth drivers with new ones.

二是进一步推动区域间联动融合发展。

2) We will promote coordinated and integrated development of regions.

发挥区域战略叠加效应，进一步挖掘释放各地发展潜力。

We will leverage the synergistic effect of our regional strategies and unlock the full potential of each region.

提升京津冀、长三角、粤港澳大湾区等经济发展优势区域的创新能力，共同抓好长江、黄河大保护。

We will boost the innovative capacity of economically advanced regions such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and promote well-coordinated protection of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers.

深化东、中、西、东北地区产业协作，强化机制建设、平台搭建、政策设计，促进产业优化布局和梯度有序转移。

We will encourage industrial cooperation among the eastern, central, western, and northeastern regions, developing institutions, platforms, and policies needed to improve the layout of industries and guide their progressive, orderly relocation.

推动西部陆海新通道与长江黄金水道、中欧班列相互联通，深入实施东数西算、西电东送、西气东输、川气东送等工程，推进沿海、沿江高铁建设，加强长三角、京津冀、粤港澳大湾区世界级机场群跨区域合作，优化港口布局，提升资源跨区域调配能力。

We will improve the interconnection between the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor in the western region, the Yangtze River golden waterway, and the China-Europe Railway Express. We will continue with the Eastern Data-Western Computing Project and the projects to transport natural gas and electricity from the west to the east and to transport natural gas from Sichuan Province to the east. We will press ahead with the construction of railways along the Yangtze River and the coastline, encourage trans-regional cooperation among the world-class airport clusters in the Yangtze River Delta, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and improve the distribution of ports to increase our capacity for trans-regional distribution of resources.

推动苏皖鲁豫、陕晋豫等交界区域合作发展。

We will promote cooperative development in border areas between Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong and Henan provinces, and between Shaanxi, Shanxi and Henan provinces.

支持区域间通过委托管理、投资合作等多种形式建设合作园区。

We will encourage trans-regional cooperation on development parks and zones through means such as commissioned management and investment cooperation.

推动完善区域合作发展机制，促进区域间科创产业对接协作、生态环境共保联治、公共服务便利共享。

We will refine trans-regional mechanisms for cooperation and development to promote collaboration in technological innovation and industry, joint protection and improvement of the environment, and sharing of public services.

强化区域战略融合发展的法治、人才、用地、资金等保障。

We will strengthen legal, talent, land use, and funding support for integrated development of regions.

（九）协同推进降碳减污扩绿增长，加快经济社会发展全面绿色转型。

9. Making coordinated efforts to cut carbon emissions, reduce pollution, pursue green development, and grow the economy in a bid to accelerate green transition in all areas of economic and social development

坚定不移走生态优先、节约集约、绿色低碳高质量发展道路，深化国家生态文明试验区建设，全面推进美丽中国建设。

We will firmly adhere to the path of prioritizing ecological protection, conserving resources and using them efficiently, and promoting green, low-carbon, and high-quality development, promote the development of national pilot zones for ecological conservation, and advance the Beautiful China Initiative across the board.

一是持续改善生态环境质量。

1) We will continue to improve the environment.

落实空气质量持续改善行动计划，支持京津冀及周边、长三角、汾渭平原等重点区域加强大气污染治理，大力推进挥发性有机物、氮氧化物等污染物协同减排，推进北方地区清洁取暖、重点行业超低排放改造。

With the implementation of the action plan for continuous improvement of air quality, we will continue to support the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and its surrounding areas, the Yangtze River Delta, the Fenhe-Weihe River Plain, and other key regions in strengthening control of air pollution, make a coordinated push to reduce emissions of volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides among other pollutants, and promote use of clean energy sources for winter heating in northern China and ultra-low emission retrofitting in key industries.

持续实施噪声污染防治行动。

We will also continue with the campaign against noise pollution.

深入推进长江、黄河等大江大河和重要湖泊保护治理，加快推进全国入河、入海排污口排查整治，开展城市、县城黑臭水体整治环境保护行动，开展污水处理绿色低碳标杆厂建设。

We will advance the conservation of major rivers such as the Yangtze and Yellow rivers and major lakes and step up efforts to clean up sewage outfalls into rivers and seas. We will carry out initiatives to tackle black, malodorous water bodies in cities and county seats and build model sewage treatment plants for green, low-carbon operation.

加强土壤污染源头防控，推进受污染耕地安全利用和建设用地管控修复。

We will continue with our efforts to prevent and control soil contamination at the source and promote the safe use of contaminated farmland and the management and restoration of land for construction.

制定固体废物综合治理行动计划，推进“无废城市”建设，推动典型大宗工业固体废物规模化利用处置，推进磷石膏综合治理，强化危险废物、尾矿库、重金属等重点领域的环境隐患排查和风险防控。

We will work out an action plan for comprehensive treatment of solid waste and advance the building of waste-free cities. We will facilitate the scaled-up utilization and disposal of typical massive industrial solid waste, promote the comprehensive management of phosphogypsum, and intensify efforts to identify environmental hazards and prevent risks in key areas such as hazardous waste, mine tailings, and heavy metals.

二是加强生态系统保护修复治理。

2) We will step up efforts to protect and restore ecosystems.

加快实施“三北”工程、重要生态系统保护和修复等重大工程，持续加大对秦岭等重点区域生态保护修复、自然保护地及野生动植物保护、森林草原防灭火等重点项目的支持力度。

We will accelerate the implementation of the national shelterbelt program in northeast, north, and northwest China and the major projects for protecting and restoring key ecosystems. We will provide greater support to major programs for ecological conservation and restoration in key areas such as the Qinling Mountains, protection of protected areas and wildlife species, and prevention and fighting of forest and grassland fires.

实施生物多样性保护重大工程。健全三江源“中华水塔”保护支持体系。

We will carry out major biodiversity conservation programs and improve the protection and support system for the Sanjiangyuan area, which is home to the headwaters of the Yangtze, Yellow, and Lancang rivers and is regarded as China’s “Water Tower.”

全面推进以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系建设，进一步完善国家公园管理体制机制，推动国家公园建设实现全民共建共享。

We will make comprehensive efforts to develop the national park-based system of protected areas and further refine the institutions and mechanisms for managing national parks, ensuring that everyone contributes to and benefits from the construction of national parks.

深化集体林权制度改革，统筹推进国有林区、国有林场高质量发展。

We will continue with reforms of collective forest tenure and coordinate the high-quality development of state forestry areas and farms.

加强水土流失和荒漠化综合治理，深入推进母亲河复苏行动和地下水超采综合治理。

We will strengthen the comprehensive control of soil erosion and desertification, advance the mother river restoration initiative, and continue to address over-extraction of groundwater.

实施分区域、差异化、精准管控的生态环境管理制度。

We will implement region-specific environmental management systems featuring differentiated, targeted regulation.

健全生态产品价值实现机制，启动第二批国家生态产品价值实现机制试点建设，推进生态综合补偿和生态环境损害赔偿。

We will improve the mechanisms for realizing the market value of ecosystem goods and services, launching the second batch of trials to this end, and we will advance comprehensive compensation for ecological conservation as well as compensation for environmental damage.

持续开展全国生态状况调查评估。

Surveys and assessments of national ecological conditions will continue.

三是加快推动绿色低碳发展。

3) We will accelerate green and low-carbon development.

持续构建碳排放双控制度体系，制定出台碳达峰碳中和综合评价考核办法，建立健全碳排放统计核算制度、碳排放预算管理制度、产品碳足迹管理体系、产品碳标识认证制度，丰富完善国家温室气体排放因子数据库。

We will continue to develop the system for controlling the total amount and intensity of carbon emissions, work out methods for the comprehensive evaluation of performance in peaking carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality, establish sound systems pertaining to carbon emissions statistics and accounting, carbon budget management, carbon footprint management, and carbon labeling and certification, and reinforce the national database of greenhouse gas emission factors.

推动全国碳排放权交易市场、温室气体自愿减排交易市场、绿色电力证书市场建设。

Efforts will be made to promote development of the China Carbon Emission Trade Exchange, the market for voluntary greenhouse gas emissions reduction, and the market for green electricity certificates.

发布第二批绿色低碳先进技术示范项目清单，扎实开展第二批国家碳达峰试点，出台零碳园区建设方案。

We will release the second list of demonstration programs for the latest green and low-carbon technologies, steadily advance the second batch of pilot projects for peaking carbon emissions, and formulate a plan for building zero-carbon industrial parks.

延长碳减排支持工具实施年限至2027年，有序推进碳金融产品和衍生工具创新，发展绿色保险。

We will extend the duration of instruments for supporting carbon emissions reduction to the year of 2027, develop new carbon financial products and derivatives in an orderly manner, and develop green insurance.

有力有效管控高耗能高排放项目，加快推动重点领域节能降碳改造和用能设备更新，加强重点用能单位节能管理，完善节能降碳标准体系，深入实施能效标识制度。

We will take robust and effective measures to regulate energy-intensive projects with high emissions and accelerate energy conservation and carbon emission reduction retrofitting and energy-consuming equipment upgrading in key sectors. We will strengthen energy conservation management of major energy consumers, improve the standards for energy conservation and carbon emission reduction, and continue to implement energy efficiency labeling.

健全资源环境要素市场化配置体系。营造绿色低碳产业健康发展生态，培育绿色建筑、绿色能源、绿色交通等新增长点。

We will improve the system for market-based allocation of resources and environmental factors, create a sound environment for the healthy development of green and low-carbon industries, and foster green buildings, green energy, green transportation, and other new drivers of growth.

加强煤炭绿色智能开发、清洁高效利用。

We will support green and smart development and clean and efficient use of coal.

统筹新能源开发与消纳，有力有序推进集中式和分布式新能源健康发展，加快“沙戈荒”新能源基地建设，有序开发建设海上风电基地，统筹就地消纳和外送通道建设。

We will coordinate new energy development and grid integration, vigorously promote the sound and orderly development of both concentrated and distributed new energy sources, accelerate construction of bases for new energy sources in desert areas, the Gobi, and other arid areas, develop offshore wind bases in an orderly manner, and coordinate local grid integration and the construction of outward power transmission routes.

大力实施可再生能源替代行动。

Strong steps will be taken in implementing renewable energy substitution initiatives.

推进煤电低碳化改造示范。

We will advance demonstration of low-carbon retrofitting of coal-fired power.

进一步规范新型储能并网管理，持续完善调度机制。

We will further regulate the grid integration management of new types of energy storage and continuously refine relevant dispatch mechanisms.

实施全面节约战略，持续推动“能水粮地矿材”一体化节约，深入实施国家节水行动。

Adhering to the comprehensive conservation strategy, we will coordinate conservation of energy, water, food, land, minerals, and other materials and persist with the national water conservation campaign.

大力发展循环经济，加强废弃物循环利用，推广再生材料使用。

We will boost the circular economy and intensify efforts to recycle waste and used materials and expand the use of regenerated materials.

（十）加大保障和改善民生力度，增强人民群众获得感幸福感安全感。

10. Stepping up efforts to ensure and improve the people’s wellbeing to enhance their sense of fulfillment, happiness, and security

加强普惠性、基础性、兜底性民生建设，解决人民急难愁盼问题，让发展成果更多更公平惠及全体人民。

We will make more efforts to ensure that public services are inclusive, meet essential needs, and provide a cushion for those most in need. We will work to resolve the pressing difficulties and problems that concern the people most, so that more fruits of development will be enjoyed by all in a more equitable fashion.

一是更大力度稳就业促增收。

1) We will redouble efforts to stabilize employment and increase incomes.

着力解决结构性就业矛盾，实施重点领域、重点行业、城乡基层和中小微企业就业支持计划，用足用好稳岗返还、税费减免、就业补贴等政策，支持企业减负稳岗特别是劳动密集型产业吸纳和稳定就业。

We will focus on structural employment problems and launch initiatives to support employment in key fields and sectors, urban and rural communities, and micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises. We will fully leverage the policies on unemployment insurance premium refunds, tax and fee cuts and exemptions, and employment subsidies to ease burdens on enterprises and thus help them keep employment stable. In particular, we will support labor-intensive industries in creating jobs and maintaining stable employment.

优化就业创业服务，拓宽高校毕业生等青年就业创业渠道，做好退役军人安置和就业服务，促进脱贫人口、农民工就业，强化大龄、残疾、较长时间失业等就业困难群体帮扶。

We will provide better services to those seeking employment or looking to start a business. We will develop more channels through which college graduates and other young people can find a job or start a business, support ex-service personnel in settling into society and finding employment, ensure employment for people lifted out of poverty and rural migrant workers, and provide more assistance to those facing difficulty in finding jobs due to a disability, age, or a long period of unemployment.

加快职业技能培训基础设施建设，加大技能强企工作力度，分领域高质量开展项目化培训。

We will move faster to develop infrastructure for vocational skills training, further support enterprises in growing strong through skill training, and provide high-quality project-based training according to the needs of each sector.

加强灵活就业和新就业形态劳动者权益保障，推进扩大职业伤害保障试点。

We will better protect the rights and interests of people in flexible employment and new forms of employment and expand trials of occupational injury insurance.

支持返乡入乡创业带动就地就近就业增收。

We will provide support to those who return or move to the countryside to start businesses and thus create jobs and increase prosperity for the local community.

发挥创业投资基金作用，支持创业就业。

We will give full play to the role of venture capital funds in supporting business startups and employment.

深化收入分配制度改革，着力提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重、劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重，健全按要素分配政策制度，多渠道增加中低收入群众要素收入。

We will further reform the income distribution system to raise the share of personal income in the distribution of national income and give more weight to work remuneration in primary distribution. We will refine the policy system for distribution based on factors of production and explore multiple avenues to help low- and middle-income groups earn more from production factors.

引导企业建立健全基于岗位价值、能力素质和业绩贡献的技能人才薪酬分配制度。

We will guide enterprises in developing sound salary systems for skilled workers based on posts, competence, and contributions.

指导地方合理调整最低工资标准。

We will also guide local governments in adjusting minimum wages appropriately.

切实保障劳动者工资发放，清理整治欠薪。

We will take earnest action to address wage arrears and ensure workers get paid.

健全上市公司分红激励约束机制。

We will optimize the dividend incentive and constraint mechanisms for listed companies.

二是织密扎牢社会保障网。

2) We will establish an effective social safety net.

完善基本养老保险全国统筹制度，健全基本养老、基本医疗保险筹资和待遇合理调整机制，合理确定社会保障待遇水平，适当提高退休人员基本养老金，再提高城乡居民基础养老金月最低标准20元，再提高城乡居民医保人均财政补助标准30元。

We will improve the system for unified national management of basic old-age insurance funds, refine the mechanisms for financing basic old-age insurance and basic medical insurance and adjusting the benefits of both as appropriate, and set reasonable standards for social security benefits. We will continue to properly increase the basic pension benefits for retirees, increase the minimum basic old-age benefits for rural and non-working urban residents by 20 yuan per person per month, and raise the per capita government subsidies for basic medical insurance for rural and non-working urban residents by 30 yuan.

健全灵活就业人员、农民工、新就业形态人员社保制度，扩大失业、工伤、生育保险覆盖面，进一步取消在就业地参保户籍限制，完善社保关系转移接续政策。

We will improve the social security systems for people in flexible employment, rural migrant workers, and those in new forms of employment. This will include expanding the coverage of unemployment insurance, workers’ compensation insurance, and childbirth insurance programs, lifting restrictions preventing people from accessing social security in the places where they work but do not hold permanent residency, and improving the policies for transferring social security accounts.

加大力度推动灵活就业人员参加住房公积金制度。

We will further extend the housing provident fund system to cover people in flexible employment.

持续深化医保支付方式改革，完善大病保险和医疗救助制度，强化医保基金使用常态化监管，落实和完善异地就医结算。

We will further reform medical insurance payment models, improve major disease insurance and medical assistance schemes, and enhance regular oversight over the use of medical insurance funds.

优化药品和耗材集采政策，强化质量评估和监管，稳步推进基本医疗保险省级统筹。

We will refine the policies on settling medical expenses where they are incurred, improve the policies for centralized procurement of medicines and consumables, strengthen quality evaluation and supervision, and steadily advance unified management of basic medical insurance funds at the provincial level.

健全分层分类的社会救助体系。加强困境儿童、流动儿童和留守儿童关爱服务。关心关爱残疾人等重点群体。

We will improve the multi-tiered, categorized social assistance system, strengthening care and services for children in need, left-behind children in rural areas, and children who live with their migrant-worker parents, and continuing to care for people with disabilities and other groups in need.

健全退役军人保障服务体系。

We will improve the system of services and support for ex-service personnel.

三是促进公共服务普惠均衡。

3) We will make public services more balanced and accessible to all.

完善国家基本公共服务制度体系，创新和完善普惠均衡的公共服务供给方式。

We will refine the national systems of basic public services and develop new and improved ways to make public services more balanced and accessible.

实施医疗卫生强基工程，提高基层医疗卫生机构服务能力。

We will launch a program to strengthen community-level medical and healthcare institutions to ensure that they provide better services.

加强国家医学中心、国家区域医疗中心建设和规范管理，支持妇幼保健和疾控机构建设。

We will also strengthen the construction and management of national medical research centers and national-level regional medical centers and support the development of institutions for maternal and child healthcare services and for disease prevention and control.

充分发挥中医药防病治病优势和作用，持续实施中医药振兴发展重大工程。

We will give full play to the role of traditional Chinese medicine in disease prevention and control and continue with the major projects for its revitalization.

加强护理、儿科、病理、全科、老年医学专业队伍建设。

We will strengthen the ranks of professionals in nursing, pediatrics, pathology, general practice, and geriatrics.

加强省级精神专科医院或综合医院精神病区建设，支持公立医疗机构提供心理咨询等心理健康服务，提升心理健康和精神卫生服务能力。

To enhance mental and psychological health services, we will strengthen both provincial-level specialized hospitals and relevant departments of comprehensive hospitals and support public medical institutions in offering psychological counseling and other mental health services.

深入实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略。

We will continue with the proactive national strategy in response to population aging.

支持公办养老机构建设护理型床位，加大养老护理人员培训力度，增强居家、社区、机构等不同服务形态照护服务功能，多措并举促进普惠养老服务高质量发展。

We will support public-run elderly care institutions in offering nursing beds, increase training of elderly care workers, improve at-home elderly care services and elderly care through communities and by institutions, and take multiple measures to promote high-quality development of public-interest elderly care services.

加快建立长期护理保险制度，强化以失能老年人照护为重点的基本养老服务。

We will move faster to establish insurance schemes for long-term care and improve basic elderly care services, particularly for seniors with physical impairment.

加快发展智慧养老。

The development of smart elderly care will be accelerated.

全面开展早孕关爱服务，科学规划托育服务体系，发放育儿补贴，大力发展托幼一体服务，抓好普惠托育服务发展示范项目实施。

We will extend services for women in the early stage of pregnancy, formulate sound plans for a childcare service system, grant childcare subsidies, step up efforts to provide integrated nursery and childcare services, and roll out demonstration projects for public-interest childcare services.

推进城市社区嵌入式服务设施建设。持续推动家政服务业提质扩容。

We will promote urban community-integrated service facilities and further expand and improve the domestic service sector.

完善全民健身公共服务体系，广泛开展全民健身活动，推进群众身边的运动场地建设，办好第十五届全国运动会。

We will improve the public services system for general fitness and exercise, encourage extensive public fitness activities, build more sports facilities close to people’s homes, and host the 15th National Games.

加强社会福利服务设施建设，强化殡葬的公益属性。

We will enhance social welfare facilities and ensure funeral services serve the public interest.

提升公共法律服务均衡性和可及性。建设更高水平的平安中国。

We will make public legal services more equitable and accessible and advance the Peaceful China Initiative to a higher level.

四是推动文化文艺繁荣发展。

4) We will work to see our culture and art flourish.

推动中华优秀传统文化创造性转化、创新性发展，着力构筑中华民族共有精神家园。

We will promote the creative evolution and development of China’s fine traditional culture and redouble efforts to build our country into a cultural home shared by all Chinese people.

发展哲学社会科学、新闻出版、广播影视、文学艺术、图书档案和古籍保护等事业。

We will continue to develop philosophy, social sciences, the press and publishing, radio, film and television, literature and art, library archiving, ancient literature and manuscripts preservation, and other sectors.

推进历史文化遗产系统性保护和活化利用，实施文化遗产数字传承计划。

We will adopt a holistic approach to preserving, revitalizing, and utilizing our historical and cultural heritage and launch a program to preserve our cultural heritage with digital technologies.

继续实施中华文明探源工程、考古中国重大项目，完善文物保护利用体系，推进非物质文化遗产系统性保护传承。

We will continue the Chinese Civilization Origins Project and major projects under the Chinese Archaeology program, improve the system for protection and utilization of cultural relics, and promote systematic protection and preservation of our intangible cultural heritage.

建好用好国家文化公园。

We will build and make good use of national cultural parks.

加大对文化精品创作生产支持力度，促进网络文艺高质量发展。实施戏剧振兴行动。

We will increase support for the creation of fine cultural works, promote high-quality development of online literary and artistic works, and launch a program to revitalize Chinese theater.

推进《复兴文库》出版工程，实施学术出版精品工程。

We will advance publication of the Collected Works on the Rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation and implement the project for publishing academic works of high quality.

推动优质文化资源直达基层，健全社会力量参与公共文化服务机制。

We will work to channel quality cultural resources directly to the community level and improve mechanisms for the supply of public cultural services by nongovernmental actors.

大力推进全民阅读。

The love of reading will continue to be fostered among our people.

健全文化产业体系和市场体系，加快发展新型文化业态。

We will refine the systems for cultural industries and markets and step up our efforts to foster new forms of cultural business.

推进旅游强国建设，扩大优质旅游产品供给，加强重大公共文化和旅游设施建设，推进文化和旅游深度融合发展。建设国家文化和科技融合试验区。

To boost tourism, we will work to expand the supply of appealing tourism products and improve major public cultural and tourism facilities. We will promote integrated development of culture and tourism and establish national experimental zones for integrating culture with science and technology.

五是加强重要民生商品供应保障。

5) We will ensure an adequate supply of daily necessities.

压实“菜篮子”市长负责制。做好农产品质量安全监管。

We will see to it that mayors fulfill their responsibility for maintaining the supply of non-staple foods, and we will ensure quality and safety oversight of agricultural products.

落实好北方大城市冬春蔬菜储备制度，完善生活必需品储备体系。

We will continue with the practice of stockpiling vegetable reserves in winter and spring in major northern cities and refine the reserve system for daily necessities.

加强粮食市场调控，强化生猪产能调控和猪肉储备调节，促进牛羊肉和奶类供需平衡，确保粮油肉蛋菜等商品平稳供应。

We will improve regulation of the grain market, hog production, and pork reserves, work to achieve a balance between supply and demand for beef, mutton, and dairy products, and ensure a steady supply of grain, cooking oil, meat, eggs, and vegetables.

支持全国骨干农产品批发市场建设。推动地方强化应急保供能力建设，因地制宜建立健全平价销售机制。

We will support the building of major wholesale markets of farm produce nationwide and encourage local governments to improve their emergency supply capacity and develop a fair price system for the sales of daily necessities in line with their conditions.

全面准确、坚定不移贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方针，坚守“一国”之本、善用“两制”之利，坚持中央全面管治权和保障特别行政区高度自治权相统一，落实“爱国者治港”、“爱国者治澳”原则，支持香港、澳门充分发挥独特地位、强化内联外通，积极参与高质量共建“一带一路”和粤港澳大湾区建设，加快融入国家发展大局，提升香港国际金融中心地位，促进航运、贸易中心转型，

We will continue to fully, faithfully, and resolutely implement the policy of One Country, Two Systems, under which the people of Hong Kong administer Hong Kong and the people of Macao administer Macao, both with a high degree of autonomy. We must uphold One Country as the foundation and leverage the strength of Two Systems. We will ensure both the central government’s overall jurisdiction and a high degree of autonomy in the special administrative regions and see to it that Hong Kong and Macao are administered by patriots. We will support Hong Kong and Macao in fully playing their unique role as China’s bridges with the outside world. We will encourage the two regions to actively participate in high-quality Belt and Road cooperation and the development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, so that they can better integrate themselves into the country’s overall development. We will enhance Hong Kong’s status as an international financial center and facilitate its transition as a shipping and trade center.

支持澳门经济适度多元发展，更好发挥“一中心、一平台、一基地”作用，保持香港、澳门长期繁荣稳定，不断增加民生福祉。

We will support Macao’s efforts to appropriately diversify its economic development and better play its role as a major destination for global tourism and leisure, a service platform for commercial and trade cooperation between China and Portuguese-speaking countries, and an exchange and cooperation center where mainstream Chinese culture and diverse cultures coexist. These efforts will help maintain long-term prosperity and stability in Hong Kong and Macao and improve the local people’s wellbeing.

坚决贯彻新时代党解决台湾问题的总体方略，坚持一个中国原则和“九二共识”，坚决反对“台独”分裂行径和外部势力干涉，推动两岸关系和平发展，促进两岸经济文化交流合作，深化两岸融合发展，坚定不移推进祖国统一大业，维护中华民族根本利益，共创中华民族绵长福祉。

We will firmly implement the Party’s overall policy for the new era on resolving the Taiwan question. We will stay committed to the one-China principle and the 1992 Consensus and resolutely oppose separatist activities aimed at “Taiwan independence” and external interference. We will promote the peaceful development of cross-Strait relations, facilitate economic and cultural exchanges and cooperation across the Taiwan Strait, advance integrated cross-Strait development, and firmly advance the cause of China’s reunification for the fundamental interests and long-term wellbeing of the Chinese nation.

今年还有一项重要任务，就是要按照党中央、国务院决策部署，在全面评估“十四五”规划实施情况基础上广泛征求意见，编制国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划《纲要》，统筹推动“十五五”国家级专项规划、区域规划和省级规划研究编制，做好“十五五”规划《纲要》草案提交十四届全国人大四次会议审查的准备。

This year we are presented with an additional important task to perform: in accordance with the decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, and on the basis of an overall evaluation of the implementation of the 14th Five-Year Plan and extensive solicitation of opinions, we will formulate the 15th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development. In doing this work, we will coordinate the drafting of national-level sector-specific plans, regional-level plans, and provincial-level plans and make preparations for submitting the draft of the 15th Five-Year Plan to the fourth session of the 14th NPC for deliberation.

同时，加快国家发展规划法立法进程，强化规划编制实施的法治保障。

In addition, we will expedite the legislation on national development planning with a view to providing greater legal support for the formulation and implementation of relevant plans.

各位代表：

Esteemed Deputies,

做好2025年经济社会发展工作任务艰巨、责任重大。

Ensuring sound economic and social development in 2025 is a formidable task that carries with it heavy responsibilities.

我们要更加紧密地团结在以习近平同志为核心的党中央周围，高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻落实党的二十大和二十届二中、三中全会精神，

Let us rally more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, follow the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and fully implement the guiding principles from the Party’s 20th National Congress and the second and third plenary sessions of the 20th Party Central Committee.

深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，

We must acquire a deep understanding of the decisive significance of establishing Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and of establishing the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era; be more conscious of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership; stay confident in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics; and uphold Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and uphold the Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership.

坚决贯彻落实党中央、国务院决策部署，自觉接受全国人大的监督，认真听取全国人大代表、全国政协委员的意见和建议，

We will act in accordance with the decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, readily submit ourselves to the oversight of the NPC, and earnestly solicit comments and suggestions from NPC deputies and CPPCC National Committee members.

坚持干字当头，增强信心、迎难而上、奋发有为，努力完成全年经济社会发展目标任务，确保“十四五”规划圆满收官，

We will deliver on our work with full confidence, overcome difficulties with a pioneering spirit, complete the objectives and tasks for this year’s economic and social development, and bring the 14th Five-Year Plan to a successful conclusion.

以高质量发展的实际成效全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业。

With real achievements in promoting high-quality development, we will make contribution to building a great country and advancing national rejuvenation on all fronts.

来源：新华网

*本网站基于服务并方便广大英语和翻译类同学学习，本着英语信息共享交流学习，如果本站部分内容侵犯了您的版权，敬请联系我们，我们将在第一时间删除相关资料。谢谢！

关注公众号：高斋CATTI，即可领取四大福利资料

（36页）CATTI备考必备手册

（260页）高斋外刊精读与长难句分析汇总（PDF） 

（37套）历年CATTI三笔二笔一笔实务真题（PDF）

（7套）19年-25年政府工作报告双语汇总（已划重点）